Broken coal structure and low permeability are the main reasons for the difficult production of coalbed methane(CBM)in broken-soft coal seams.In this paper,No.8 coal seam in the Luling Mine of the Huaibei Coal Field w...Broken coal structure and low permeability are the main reasons for the difficult production of coalbed methane(CBM)in broken-soft coal seams.In this paper,No.8 coal seam in the Luling Mine of the Huaibei Coal Field was taken as an example to study the way to improve CBM production of broken-soft coal reservoirs.First,drilling,fracturing and production of horizontal wells were considered comprehensively.Then,based on the idea of exploiting CBM through horizontal wells in roof strata close to the broken-soft coal seams,the propagation laws of fractures created by layer-penetrating fracturing of horizontal wells in roof strata were studied,and accordingly the location of horizontal well was optimized.Finally,the CBM horizontal well exploitation technology for the roof strata close to coal seams was developed and tested on site.And the following research results were obtained.First,the vertical fractures created during layer-penetrating fracturing of horizontal wells in roof strata can propagate from the roof strata with high stress values downward to the coal seam with low stress values.In addition,the location of horizontal well has an important influence on the effect of layer-penetrating fracturing.The closer the horizontal well is to the coal seam,the better the fracture propagation effect of layer-penetrating fracturing.Second,the horizontal well should be arranged in the roof strata 1.5 m away from the top of coal seam,so that fracturing stimulation requirements of horizontal wells in roof strata can be satisfied to the uttermost.Third,three key technologies are formed,including the“high-quality,fast and safe”drilling technology,the deep-penetration oriented perforating technology and the“large displacement,large scale,high pad ratio and moderate proppant concentration”active water fracturing technology.Fourth,the gas production with this technology in engineering practice is remarkable.In conclusion,the CBM development technology of horizontal wells in roof strata close to broken-soft coal seams is feasible.The research results provide a new technical method for the development of CBM in broken-soft coal seams.展开更多
With the rapid development of e-commerce and big data, online work demand is higher and higher, need to website design is more and more talents. You need to improve students comprehensive practice ability in teaching,...With the rapid development of e-commerce and big data, online work demand is higher and higher, need to website design is more and more talents. You need to improve students comprehensive practice ability in teaching, let the students not only master knowledge, but also practice, can independently complete a complete project design. This paper takes a certain project as an example, and proposes a project-based task-driven teaching reform method, which can better improve the students comprehensive practical ability, and achieve the purpose of improving the teaching effect.展开更多
Developing deep fragmented soft coalbed methane(CBM)can significantly enhance domestic natural gas supplies,reduce reliance on imported energy,and bolster national energy security.This manuscript provides a comprehens...Developing deep fragmented soft coalbed methane(CBM)can significantly enhance domestic natural gas supplies,reduce reliance on imported energy,and bolster national energy security.This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of commonly employed coalbed methane extraction technologies.It then delves into several critical issues in the current stage of CBM exploration and development in China,including the compatibility of existing technologies with CBM reservoirs,the characteristics and occurrence states of CBM reservoirs,critical desorption pressure,and gas generation mechanisms.Our research indicates that current CBM exploration and development technologies in China have reached an internationally advanced level,yet the industry is facing unprecedented challenges.Despite progress in low-permeability,high-value coal seams,significant breakthroughs have not been achieved in exploring other types of coal seams.For different coal reservoirs,integrated extraction technologies have been developed,such as surface pre-depressurisation and segmented hydraulic fracturing of coal seam roof strata.Additionally,techniques like large-scale volume fracturing in horizontal wells have been established,significantly enhancing reservoir stimulation effects and coalbed methane recovery rates.However,all of these technologies are fundamentally based on permeation.These technologies lack direct methods aimed at enhancing the diffusion rate of CBM,thereby failing to fully reflect the unique characteristics of CBM.Current CBM exploration and development theories and technologies are not universally applicable to all coal seams.They do not adequately account for the predominantly adsorbed state of CBM,and the complex and variable gas generation mechanisms further constrain CBM development in China.Finally,continuous exploration of new deep CBM exploration technologies is necessary.Integrating more effective reservoir stimulation technologies is essential to enhance technical adaptability concerning CBM reservoir characteristics,gas occurrence states,and gas generation mechanisms,ultimately achieving efficient CBM development.We conclude that while China possesses a substantial foundation of deep fractured CBM resources,industry development is constrained and requires continuous exploration of new CBM exploration and development technologies to utilize these resources effectively.展开更多
Utilizing energy storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs can improve productivity while reducing power costs and is one of the best ways to achieve synergistic development of"Carbon Peak–Carbon Neutral"a...Utilizing energy storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs can improve productivity while reducing power costs and is one of the best ways to achieve synergistic development of"Carbon Peak–Carbon Neutral"and"Underground Resource Utiliza-tion".Starting from the development of Compressed Air Energy Storage(CAES)technology,the site selection of CAES in depleted gas and oil reservoirs,the evolution mechanism of reservoir dynamic sealing,and the high-flow CAES and injection technology are summarized.It focuses on analyzing the characteristics,key equipment,reservoir construction,application scenarios and cost analysis of CAES projects,and sorting out the technical key points and existing difficulties.The devel-opment trend of CAES technology is proposed,and the future development path is scrutinized to provide reference for the research of CAES projects in depleted oil and gas reservoirs.展开更多
Today,the world is undergoing extremely rapid and profound changes.The Two Sessions held each March in Beijing provide an excellent opportunity to review the changes taking place in the world,reflect on the path China...Today,the world is undergoing extremely rapid and profound changes.The Two Sessions held each March in Beijing provide an excellent opportunity to review the changes taking place in the world,reflect on the path China has taken,its achievements and challenges,and evaluate future steps.展开更多
This paper presents an overview of the recent developments in hybrid wind-wave energy.With the focus on floating concepts,the possible configurations introduced in the literature are categorized and depicted,and the m...This paper presents an overview of the recent developments in hybrid wind-wave energy.With the focus on floating concepts,the possible configurations introduced in the literature are categorized and depicted,and the main conclusions obtained from the references are summarized.Moreover,offshore wind and wave resources are discussed in terms of complementarity and supplementarity,offering a new perspective to developing hybrid wind-wave energy systems that look for synergies not limited to maximizing power output.Then,the feasibility of the concepts under development is discussed in detail,with focus on technical feasibility,dynamic feasibility and limitations of the methods employed.The hybrid configurations that surpassed the experimental validation phase are highlighted,and the experimental results are summarized.By compiling more than 40 floating wind turbine concepts,new relations are drawn between power,wind turbine dimensions,platforms’draft and displacement,which are further related to the payload allowance of the units to accommodate wave devices and onboard power take-off systems.Bearing in mind that it is a challenge to model the exact dynamics of hybrid floating wind-wave platforms,this paper elucidates the current research gaps,limitations and future trends in the field.Lastly,based on the overview and topics discussed,several major conclusions are drawn concerning hybrid synergies,dynamics and hydrodynamics of hybrid platforms,feasibility of concepts,among other regards.展开更多
Based on the technological demands for significantly enhancing oil recovery and long-term CO_(2)sequestration in the lacustrine oil reservoirs of China,this study systematically reviews the progress and practices of C...Based on the technological demands for significantly enhancing oil recovery and long-term CO_(2)sequestration in the lacustrine oil reservoirs of China,this study systematically reviews the progress and practices of CO_(2)flooding and storage technologies in recent years.It addresses the key technological needs and challenges faced in scaling up the application of CO_(2)flooding and storage to mature,developed oil fields,and analyzes future development directions.During the pilot test phase(2006-2019),continuous development and application practices led to the establishment of the first-generation CO_(2)flooding and storage technology system for lacustrine reservoirs.In the industrialization phase(since 2020),significant advances and insights have been achieved in terms of confined phase behavior,storage mechanisms,reservoir engineering,sweep control,engineering process and storage monitoring,enabling the maturation of the second-generation CO_(2)flooding and storage theories and technologies to effectively support the demonstration projects of Carbon Capture,Utilization and Storage(CCUS).To overcome key technical issues such as low miscibility,difficulty in gas channeling control,high process requirements,limited application scenarios,and coordination challenges in CO_(2)flooding and storage,and to support the large-scale application of CCUS,it is necessary to strengthen research on key technologies for establishing the third-generation CO_(2)flooding and storage technological system incorporating miscibility enhancement and transformation,comprehensive regulation for sweep enhancement,whole-process engineering techniques and equipment,long-term storage monitoring safety,and synergistic optimization of flooding and storage.展开更多
Super-heavy oil is a significant unconventional energy source,and more than 30 years of research have shown that steam-assisted gravity drainage(SAGD)technology is suitable for thick super-heavy oil reservoirs.Recentl...Super-heavy oil is a significant unconventional energy source,and more than 30 years of research have shown that steam-assisted gravity drainage(SAGD)technology is suitable for thick super-heavy oil reservoirs.Recently,more and more thin-layer super-heavy oil reservoirs have been discovered in China,while their deep buried depth and serous heterogeneity make the existing SAGD technology difficult to apply,so it is urgent to improve the existing SAGD technology for the thin-layer super-heavy oil.To this end,this paper focuses on the enlightenment of field application in SAGD technology.Firstly,based on typical SAGD field projects,the development history of SAGD technology in the world was reviewed,and the influence of reservoir physical properties on the application of SAGD technology in thin-layer superheavy oil reservoirs was analyzed.Secondly,the well pattern,wellbore structure,pre-heating,artificial lift,and monitor technique of SAGD were detailed described,and their adjustment direction was expounded for the development of thin-layer super-heavy oil reservoirs.Lastly,the gas-and solventassistant SAGD were comprehensively evaluated,and their application potential in thin-layer superheavy oil reservoirs was studied.The research results can provide theoretical guidance for the application of SAGD technology in thin-layer super-heavy oil reservoirs.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to provide references for the application of participatory monitoring and evaluation in the development of animal husbandry tech- nology. [Method] With the livelihood improvement program f...[Objective] This study aimed to provide references for the application of participatory monitoring and evaluation in the development of animal husbandry tech- nology. [Method] With the livelihood improvement program for agricultural and pas- toral area in northern Yunnan as the example, the development process of partici- patory animal husbandry was overviewed. And the monitoring and evaluation pro- cesses of participatory animal husbandry were introduced and analyzed. [Result] The monitoring and evaluation indicator system of participatory animal husbandry technol- ogy included 4 layers, namely technology, institutional system, personnel ability con- struction and effectiveness, and 11 third-level indicators, namely, technical characteristics, superiority-inferiority comparison, community and farmers, technical personnel, project personnel, economic indicators and social indicators. [Conclusion] This study provided the references for the application of participatory monitoring and evaluation in the development of animal husbandry technology.展开更多
Recent progress in the physics and engineering design study for themodification programme of JT-60 is presented. In order to achieve a steady state high-βplasmaoperation, which is the dominant issue of this programme...Recent progress in the physics and engineering design study for themodification programme of JT-60 is presented. In order to achieve a steady state high-βplasmaoperation, which is the dominant issue of this programme, physics design for the MHD control and thestability analysis is investigated. Engineering design and the R & D for the superconducting coils,irradiation shield are performed well towards the mission of programme.展开更多
The topic was concentrated on environmental technology development in China within the context of China's economic acceleration and reform. Firstly, cleaner technology should be adopted where possible in indu...The topic was concentrated on environmental technology development in China within the context of China's economic acceleration and reform. Firstly, cleaner technology should be adopted where possible in industrial production; secondly, eco agricultural technological system, especially biological technology, should be developed in agricultural production; thirdly, end of pipe solution should focus on waste utilization or recycling technology where appropriate clean technology does not exist; lastly but not the least, existing technologies to minimize eco environmental deterioration such as soil erosion, salinization, desertification and deforestation should also be extended and developed. The mentioned ways of environmental technology development can only be realized on the condition that a resource conservation based production system and life style could be established and appropriate policy secured.展开更多
Using mathematical plasticity theories, universal formability (UF) technology has been developed and applied in the automotive stamping engineering and production. As a formability analysis tool, this technology is th...Using mathematical plasticity theories, universal formability (UF) technology has been developed and applied in the automotive stamping engineering and production. As a formability analysis tool, this technology is the major methodology for the development of stamping expert system (solution provider) for (a) product design and feasibility analysis, (b) material automatic selection using nomograms, (c) draw die design using pre-models, and (d) UF and robustness analysis of die performance in finite element analysis (FEA) environment.展开更多
It is the most available way to obtain self-rooted seedlings by tissue culture,which could breed de-virus seedlings with uniform traits and contribute to improve seedling quality.To construct a complete and efficient ...It is the most available way to obtain self-rooted seedlings by tissue culture,which could breed de-virus seedlings with uniform traits and contribute to improve seedling quality.To construct a complete and efficient technology system,this test used stem with buds of 16 cultivars and super lines including Yali,Jingbaili,03-04-034,03-08-080 and so on as materials to study the best way for explant sampling time and position,sterilization time using HgCl 2 and hormone concentrations.The result indicated that the optimum technology system was that the middle parts of longest shoots before 20 d after full-blossom were sterilized for 8 min by 0.1%HgCl 2 and inoculated on the development medium MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+IBA 0.2 mg/L+saccharose 3%+agar 0.6%(pH=5.8),and then trans-inoculated into propagation medium MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+IBA 0.3 mg/L+saccharose 3%+agar 0.6%(pH=5.8).展开更多
Environmental technology (ET) refers to the processes and techniques for environmental prevention, reduction, recycling, reuse and rehabilitation. Since 1978, China has launched a series of R&D programs in promoti...Environmental technology (ET) refers to the processes and techniques for environmental prevention, reduction, recycling, reuse and rehabilitation. Since 1978, China has launched a series of R&D programs in promoting environmental science and technology development. Uneven spatial distribution and sectoral structure give us a profile of the present status of ET in China. Both opportunities and constraints are analyzed for the development of ET, and strategies for its future development are presented in this paper.展开更多
Currently, the progress of science and technology has become a key factor in promoting economic development. And the backwardness of science and technology at the grassroots level has undoubtedly restricted the proces...Currently, the progress of science and technology has become a key factor in promoting economic development. And the backwardness of science and technology at the grassroots level has undoubtedly restricted the process of China’s construction of socialist new countryside. Taking socio-economy and the devel- opment of science and technology in Jiaxing as a breakthrough point, and based on the related data of Jiaxing during 1998?2004, this paper analyzes thoroughly the interactive relationship be- tween socio-economy and the development of science and tech- nology. This paper strives to summarize the development track and model of the grassroots work of science and technology so as to provide local governments with references and grounds for drawing up policies for the local work of science and technology.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China“Propagation mechanism and morphology control of fractures created by layer-penetrating fracturing of horizontal wells in roof strata in broken-soft coal seams”(No.:51874349)National Major Science and Technology Project“Development of large-scale oil/gas fields and coalbed methane”(No.:2016ZX05045002-004).
文摘Broken coal structure and low permeability are the main reasons for the difficult production of coalbed methane(CBM)in broken-soft coal seams.In this paper,No.8 coal seam in the Luling Mine of the Huaibei Coal Field was taken as an example to study the way to improve CBM production of broken-soft coal reservoirs.First,drilling,fracturing and production of horizontal wells were considered comprehensively.Then,based on the idea of exploiting CBM through horizontal wells in roof strata close to the broken-soft coal seams,the propagation laws of fractures created by layer-penetrating fracturing of horizontal wells in roof strata were studied,and accordingly the location of horizontal well was optimized.Finally,the CBM horizontal well exploitation technology for the roof strata close to coal seams was developed and tested on site.And the following research results were obtained.First,the vertical fractures created during layer-penetrating fracturing of horizontal wells in roof strata can propagate from the roof strata with high stress values downward to the coal seam with low stress values.In addition,the location of horizontal well has an important influence on the effect of layer-penetrating fracturing.The closer the horizontal well is to the coal seam,the better the fracture propagation effect of layer-penetrating fracturing.Second,the horizontal well should be arranged in the roof strata 1.5 m away from the top of coal seam,so that fracturing stimulation requirements of horizontal wells in roof strata can be satisfied to the uttermost.Third,three key technologies are formed,including the“high-quality,fast and safe”drilling technology,the deep-penetration oriented perforating technology and the“large displacement,large scale,high pad ratio and moderate proppant concentration”active water fracturing technology.Fourth,the gas production with this technology in engineering practice is remarkable.In conclusion,the CBM development technology of horizontal wells in roof strata close to broken-soft coal seams is feasible.The research results provide a new technical method for the development of CBM in broken-soft coal seams.
文摘With the rapid development of e-commerce and big data, online work demand is higher and higher, need to website design is more and more talents. You need to improve students comprehensive practice ability in teaching, let the students not only master knowledge, but also practice, can independently complete a complete project design. This paper takes a certain project as an example, and proposes a project-based task-driven teaching reform method, which can better improve the students comprehensive practical ability, and achieve the purpose of improving the teaching effect.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52074045,52274074)the Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Chongqing(CSTB2022NSCQ-JQX0028).
文摘Developing deep fragmented soft coalbed methane(CBM)can significantly enhance domestic natural gas supplies,reduce reliance on imported energy,and bolster national energy security.This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of commonly employed coalbed methane extraction technologies.It then delves into several critical issues in the current stage of CBM exploration and development in China,including the compatibility of existing technologies with CBM reservoirs,the characteristics and occurrence states of CBM reservoirs,critical desorption pressure,and gas generation mechanisms.Our research indicates that current CBM exploration and development technologies in China have reached an internationally advanced level,yet the industry is facing unprecedented challenges.Despite progress in low-permeability,high-value coal seams,significant breakthroughs have not been achieved in exploring other types of coal seams.For different coal reservoirs,integrated extraction technologies have been developed,such as surface pre-depressurisation and segmented hydraulic fracturing of coal seam roof strata.Additionally,techniques like large-scale volume fracturing in horizontal wells have been established,significantly enhancing reservoir stimulation effects and coalbed methane recovery rates.However,all of these technologies are fundamentally based on permeation.These technologies lack direct methods aimed at enhancing the diffusion rate of CBM,thereby failing to fully reflect the unique characteristics of CBM.Current CBM exploration and development theories and technologies are not universally applicable to all coal seams.They do not adequately account for the predominantly adsorbed state of CBM,and the complex and variable gas generation mechanisms further constrain CBM development in China.Finally,continuous exploration of new deep CBM exploration technologies is necessary.Integrating more effective reservoir stimulation technologies is essential to enhance technical adaptability concerning CBM reservoir characteristics,gas occurrence states,and gas generation mechanisms,ultimately achieving efficient CBM development.We conclude that while China possesses a substantial foundation of deep fractured CBM resources,industry development is constrained and requires continuous exploration of new CBM exploration and development technologies to utilize these resources effectively.
基金the financial support from the Scientific Research and Technology Development Project of China Energy Engineering Corporation Limited(CEEC-KJZX-04).
文摘Utilizing energy storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs can improve productivity while reducing power costs and is one of the best ways to achieve synergistic development of"Carbon Peak–Carbon Neutral"and"Underground Resource Utiliza-tion".Starting from the development of Compressed Air Energy Storage(CAES)technology,the site selection of CAES in depleted gas and oil reservoirs,the evolution mechanism of reservoir dynamic sealing,and the high-flow CAES and injection technology are summarized.It focuses on analyzing the characteristics,key equipment,reservoir construction,application scenarios and cost analysis of CAES projects,and sorting out the technical key points and existing difficulties.The devel-opment trend of CAES technology is proposed,and the future development path is scrutinized to provide reference for the research of CAES projects in depleted oil and gas reservoirs.
文摘Today,the world is undergoing extremely rapid and profound changes.The Two Sessions held each March in Beijing provide an excellent opportunity to review the changes taking place in the world,reflect on the path China has taken,its achievements and challenges,and evaluate future steps.
基金supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology(Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia-FCT)it contributes to the Strategic Research Plan of the Centre for Marine Technology and Ocean Engineering(Grant No.UIDB/UIDP/00134/2020)funded the first author for his PhD Scholarship(Grant No.SFRH/BD/145602/2019).
文摘This paper presents an overview of the recent developments in hybrid wind-wave energy.With the focus on floating concepts,the possible configurations introduced in the literature are categorized and depicted,and the main conclusions obtained from the references are summarized.Moreover,offshore wind and wave resources are discussed in terms of complementarity and supplementarity,offering a new perspective to developing hybrid wind-wave energy systems that look for synergies not limited to maximizing power output.Then,the feasibility of the concepts under development is discussed in detail,with focus on technical feasibility,dynamic feasibility and limitations of the methods employed.The hybrid configurations that surpassed the experimental validation phase are highlighted,and the experimental results are summarized.By compiling more than 40 floating wind turbine concepts,new relations are drawn between power,wind turbine dimensions,platforms’draft and displacement,which are further related to the payload allowance of the units to accommodate wave devices and onboard power take-off systems.Bearing in mind that it is a challenge to model the exact dynamics of hybrid floating wind-wave platforms,this paper elucidates the current research gaps,limitations and future trends in the field.Lastly,based on the overview and topics discussed,several major conclusions are drawn concerning hybrid synergies,dynamics and hydrodynamics of hybrid platforms,feasibility of concepts,among other regards.
基金Supported by the China National Key R&D Program(2023YFF0614100)National Science and Technology Major Project of China(2024ZD14066)+1 种基金Major Project of PetroChina Company Limited(2021ZZ01)Key R&D Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China(2024B03001).
文摘Based on the technological demands for significantly enhancing oil recovery and long-term CO_(2)sequestration in the lacustrine oil reservoirs of China,this study systematically reviews the progress and practices of CO_(2)flooding and storage technologies in recent years.It addresses the key technological needs and challenges faced in scaling up the application of CO_(2)flooding and storage to mature,developed oil fields,and analyzes future development directions.During the pilot test phase(2006-2019),continuous development and application practices led to the establishment of the first-generation CO_(2)flooding and storage technology system for lacustrine reservoirs.In the industrialization phase(since 2020),significant advances and insights have been achieved in terms of confined phase behavior,storage mechanisms,reservoir engineering,sweep control,engineering process and storage monitoring,enabling the maturation of the second-generation CO_(2)flooding and storage theories and technologies to effectively support the demonstration projects of Carbon Capture,Utilization and Storage(CCUS).To overcome key technical issues such as low miscibility,difficulty in gas channeling control,high process requirements,limited application scenarios,and coordination challenges in CO_(2)flooding and storage,and to support the large-scale application of CCUS,it is necessary to strengthen research on key technologies for establishing the third-generation CO_(2)flooding and storage technological system incorporating miscibility enhancement and transformation,comprehensive regulation for sweep enhancement,whole-process engineering techniques and equipment,long-term storage monitoring safety,and synergistic optimization of flooding and storage.
基金financially supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)(Grant Nos.CUGGC09 and CUG200637)Opening Fund of Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil&Gas Development(China University of Petroleum(East China)),Ministry of Education(Grant No.19CX05005A-201)the Sinopec Science and Technology Department(Grant Nos.P2006 and 33550000-21-ZC0611-0006)。
文摘Super-heavy oil is a significant unconventional energy source,and more than 30 years of research have shown that steam-assisted gravity drainage(SAGD)technology is suitable for thick super-heavy oil reservoirs.Recently,more and more thin-layer super-heavy oil reservoirs have been discovered in China,while their deep buried depth and serous heterogeneity make the existing SAGD technology difficult to apply,so it is urgent to improve the existing SAGD technology for the thin-layer super-heavy oil.To this end,this paper focuses on the enlightenment of field application in SAGD technology.Firstly,based on typical SAGD field projects,the development history of SAGD technology in the world was reviewed,and the influence of reservoir physical properties on the application of SAGD technology in thin-layer superheavy oil reservoirs was analyzed.Secondly,the well pattern,wellbore structure,pre-heating,artificial lift,and monitor technique of SAGD were detailed described,and their adjustment direction was expounded for the development of thin-layer super-heavy oil reservoirs.Lastly,the gas-and solventassistant SAGD were comprehensively evaluated,and their application potential in thin-layer superheavy oil reservoirs was studied.The research results can provide theoretical guidance for the application of SAGD technology in thin-layer super-heavy oil reservoirs.
基金Supported by the Canadian International Development Research Center(IDRC)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to provide references for the application of participatory monitoring and evaluation in the development of animal husbandry tech- nology. [Method] With the livelihood improvement program for agricultural and pas- toral area in northern Yunnan as the example, the development process of partici- patory animal husbandry was overviewed. And the monitoring and evaluation pro- cesses of participatory animal husbandry were introduced and analyzed. [Result] The monitoring and evaluation indicator system of participatory animal husbandry technol- ogy included 4 layers, namely technology, institutional system, personnel ability con- struction and effectiveness, and 11 third-level indicators, namely, technical characteristics, superiority-inferiority comparison, community and farmers, technical personnel, project personnel, economic indicators and social indicators. [Conclusion] This study provided the references for the application of participatory monitoring and evaluation in the development of animal husbandry technology.
文摘Recent progress in the physics and engineering design study for themodification programme of JT-60 is presented. In order to achieve a steady state high-βplasmaoperation, which is the dominant issue of this programme, physics design for the MHD control and thestability analysis is investigated. Engineering design and the R & D for the superconducting coils,irradiation shield are performed well towards the mission of programme.
文摘The topic was concentrated on environmental technology development in China within the context of China's economic acceleration and reform. Firstly, cleaner technology should be adopted where possible in industrial production; secondly, eco agricultural technological system, especially biological technology, should be developed in agricultural production; thirdly, end of pipe solution should focus on waste utilization or recycling technology where appropriate clean technology does not exist; lastly but not the least, existing technologies to minimize eco environmental deterioration such as soil erosion, salinization, desertification and deforestation should also be extended and developed. The mentioned ways of environmental technology development can only be realized on the condition that a resource conservation based production system and life style could be established and appropriate policy secured.
文摘Using mathematical plasticity theories, universal formability (UF) technology has been developed and applied in the automotive stamping engineering and production. As a formability analysis tool, this technology is the major methodology for the development of stamping expert system (solution provider) for (a) product design and feasibility analysis, (b) material automatic selection using nomograms, (c) draw die design using pre-models, and (d) UF and robustness analysis of die performance in finite element analysis (FEA) environment.
基金Supported by Projects from Hebei Natural Science Fund Committee(C2018301032)Hebei Support Project(16226312D-3)Innovation Team Project of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forest(C19R0601-2).
文摘It is the most available way to obtain self-rooted seedlings by tissue culture,which could breed de-virus seedlings with uniform traits and contribute to improve seedling quality.To construct a complete and efficient technology system,this test used stem with buds of 16 cultivars and super lines including Yali,Jingbaili,03-04-034,03-08-080 and so on as materials to study the best way for explant sampling time and position,sterilization time using HgCl 2 and hormone concentrations.The result indicated that the optimum technology system was that the middle parts of longest shoots before 20 d after full-blossom were sterilized for 8 min by 0.1%HgCl 2 and inoculated on the development medium MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+IBA 0.2 mg/L+saccharose 3%+agar 0.6%(pH=5.8),and then trans-inoculated into propagation medium MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+IBA 0.3 mg/L+saccharose 3%+agar 0.6%(pH=5.8).
文摘Environmental technology (ET) refers to the processes and techniques for environmental prevention, reduction, recycling, reuse and rehabilitation. Since 1978, China has launched a series of R&D programs in promoting environmental science and technology development. Uneven spatial distribution and sectoral structure give us a profile of the present status of ET in China. Both opportunities and constraints are analyzed for the development of ET, and strategies for its future development are presented in this paper.
文摘Currently, the progress of science and technology has become a key factor in promoting economic development. And the backwardness of science and technology at the grassroots level has undoubtedly restricted the process of China’s construction of socialist new countryside. Taking socio-economy and the devel- opment of science and technology in Jiaxing as a breakthrough point, and based on the related data of Jiaxing during 1998?2004, this paper analyzes thoroughly the interactive relationship be- tween socio-economy and the development of science and tech- nology. This paper strives to summarize the development track and model of the grassroots work of science and technology so as to provide local governments with references and grounds for drawing up policies for the local work of science and technology.
