Governance debates gained strong momentum in Africa in early December 2025 as the China-Kenya Readers Forum on Xi Jinping:The Governance of China convened in Nairobi on 1 December 2025,followed by a promotional event ...Governance debates gained strong momentum in Africa in early December 2025 as the China-Kenya Readers Forum on Xi Jinping:The Governance of China convened in Nairobi on 1 December 2025,followed by a promotional event for the English edition of the book’s fifth volume on 3 December 2025 in Johannesburg,South Africa.展开更多
As a traditional model for inheriting Chinese medicine,apprenticeship education has evolved over millennia into a distinctive talent cultivation system.In the new era characterized by upholding tradition while pursuin...As a traditional model for inheriting Chinese medicine,apprenticeship education has evolved over millennia into a distinctive talent cultivation system.In the new era characterized by upholding tradition while pursuing innovation,apprenticeship education serves not only as the core vehicle for sustaining Chinese medical scholarship but also as the key support for resolving contemporary challenges in cultivating TCM professionals.This paper traces the historical evolution and policy context of apprenticeship education,analyzes its current development status and underlying contradictions,and systematically elucidates its irreplaceable value in dimensions such as academic inheritance,critical thinking cultivation,and cultural continuity.By integrating technological innovation and policy guidance,it outlines development pathways to provide practical references for constructing a modernized TCM education system.展开更多
As universities in Kazakhstan continue to address the challenges that come with developing English-medium instruction(EMI)programs,university Science,Technology,Engineering,and Mathematics(STEM)teachers need to develo...As universities in Kazakhstan continue to address the challenges that come with developing English-medium instruction(EMI)programs,university Science,Technology,Engineering,and Mathematics(STEM)teachers need to develop capacities to teach in English,while their English teacher counterparts need to develop content-specific pedagogical knowledge.Content and Language Integrated Learning(CLIL)pedagogies,defined as the integration of both language and content curricular goals,have emerged as a vehicle to facilitate this development for both types of teachers.However,what it means to be a CLIL teacher may vary considerably as teachers leverage their professional knowledge and personal experiences.We,therefore,explore teachers’conceptions of CLIL and how their disciplinary,linguistic,and pedagogical backgrounds enable or burden them to forge a“CLIL teacher”identity.This qualitative study illustrates the salient points of the journeys taken by two university teachers,one a specialist in oil and gas,the other an English teacher and teacher educator.Drawing on extended one-on-one interviews,we present two teachers’experiences through a series of CLIL-informed workshops.Using a multidisciplinary analytical framework,we map the ways in which the two teacher participants negotiate their identities in relation to CLIL.The findings highlight the importance of understanding teacher experiences,particularly their language learning backgrounds,attitudes toward supporting student learning,and relationships with their colleagues as they work to adapt to teaching English and STEM subjects in university EMI contexts.展开更多
Master developmental pathways, such as Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog, are signaling systems that control proliferation, cell death,motility, migration, and stemness. These systems are not only commonly activated in many so...Master developmental pathways, such as Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog, are signaling systems that control proliferation, cell death,motility, migration, and stemness. These systems are not only commonly activated in many solid tumors, where they drive or contribute to cancer initiation, but also in primary and metastatic tumor development. The reactivation of developmental pathways in cancer stroma favors the development of cancer stem cells and allows their maintenance, indicating these signaling pathways as particularly attractive targets for efficient anticancer therapies, especially in advanced primary tumors and metastatic cancers. Metastasis is the worst feature of cancer development. This feature results from a cascade of events emerging from the hijacking of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, migration, and invasion by transforming cells and is associated with poor survival, drug resistance, and tumor relapse. In the present review, we summarize and discuss experimental data suggesting pivotal roles for developmental pathways in cancer development and metastasis, considering the therapeutic potential. Emerging targeted antimetastatic therapies based on Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog pathways are also discussed.展开更多
This study systematically reviews the development history and key technological breakthroughs of large gas fields in the Ordos Basin,and summarizes the development models of three gas reservoir types,low-permeability ...This study systematically reviews the development history and key technological breakthroughs of large gas fields in the Ordos Basin,and summarizes the development models of three gas reservoir types,low-permeability carbonate,low-permeability sandstone and tight sandstone,as well as the progress in deep coal-rock gas development.The current challenges and future development directions are also discussed.Mature development models have been formed for the three representative types of gas reservoirs in the Ordos Basin:(1)Low-permeability carbonate reservoir development model featuring groove fine-scale characterization and three-dimensional vertical succession between Upper and Lower Paleozoic formations.(2)Low-permeability sandstone reservoir development model emphasizing horizontal well pressure-depletion production and vertical well pressure-controlled production.(3)Tight sandstone gas reservoir development model focusing on single-well productivity enhancement and well placement optimization.In deep coal-rock gas development,significant progress has been achieved in reservoir evaluation,sweet spot prediction,and geosteering of horizontal wells.The three types of reservoirs have entered the mid-to-late stages of the development,when the main challenge lies in accurately characterizing residual gas,evaluating secondary gas-bearing layers,and developing precise potential-tapping strategies.In contrast,for the early-stage development of deep coal-rock gas,continuous technological upgrades and cost reduction are essential to achieving economically viable large-scale development.Four key directions of future research and technological breakthroughs are proposed:(1)Utilizing dual-porosity(fracture-matrix)modeling techniques in low-permeability carbonate reservoirs to delineate the volume and distribution of remaining gas in secondary pay zones,supporting well pattern optimization and production enhancement of existing wells.(2)Integrating well-log and seismic data to characterize reservoir spatial distribution of successive strata,enhancing drilling success rates in low-permeability sandstone reservoirs.(3)Utilizing the advantages of horizontal wells to penetrate effective reservoirs laterally,achieving meter-scale quantification of small-scale single sand bodies in tight gas reservoirs,and applying high-resolution 3D geological models to clarify the distribution of remaining gas and guide well placement optimization.(4)Further strengthening the evaluation of deep coal-rock gas in terms of resource potential,well type and pattern,reservoir stimulation,single-well performance,and economic viability.展开更多
Large regional differences and uneven regional development are fundamental challenges for China. Balanced regional development is an important issue in research on development geography. This study reviews the course ...Large regional differences and uneven regional development are fundamental challenges for China. Balanced regional development is an important issue in research on development geography. This study reviews the course of balanced regional development in China and summarizes its characteristics in each period. The results show that inter-regional development in China has undergone successive periods of balanced and unbalanced development. Each period has enhanced social development and contributed to a more balanced regional development. This paper discusses the scientific connotation of balanced regional development, and invokes sustainable development theory to argue that we should pay attention to the differences in resource endowments among regions, and solves the imbalance among the economy, humans, and nature to promote the spatial balance of regional development and green development for better coordination between economy and ecology. The balanced promotion of the well-being of people in each region is the ultimate goal of balanced regional development. We then use concepts from development geography to examine China’s path of balanced regional development from the three perspectives of society, the economy, and ecology. Suggestions are also provided for the balanced development of China’s regions and the improvement of public well-being.展开更多
This paper aims to present the development of the SME sector through the example of a country in East-Central Europe. This country was once a member of the so-called communist block until 1989, but had a market econom...This paper aims to present the development of the SME sector through the example of a country in East-Central Europe. This country was once a member of the so-called communist block until 1989, but had a market economy in 1989. Hungary joined the EU on May 1, 2004, and displaied numerous interesting features concerning small and medium sized enterprises ever since, complying with a variety of expectations. The research study investigated the East-Central European SME systems, and particularly the Hungarian SME practice. The main methods used in this paper are present European and Hungarian research findings of nternational relevance. Several data and figures from the European Union, the Central European area and of course from Hungary were used for the characterization of the SME systems. The main results of the research study is a set of characteristics of the SMEs＇ East-Central European pathway： （1） SMEs as a pillar of the nation in the world and in Hungary; （2） Hungary as the Paradise of small enterprises （numbers versus reality）; （3） Domestic small enterprises in an international （European） comparison; （4） How the crisis impacted the domestic SME sector; （5） Misconceptions and dead ends in small enterprises today： What should the state subsidise and how？展开更多
Cotton(Goss y pium hirsutum L.)is the leading fiber crop and one of the mainstays of the econo-my in the world.Cotton fibers,as the main product of cotton plants,are unicellular,linear structures derived from the epid...Cotton(Goss y pium hirsutum L.)is the leading fiber crop and one of the mainstays of the econo-my in the world.Cotton fibers,as the main product of cotton plants,are unicellular,linear structures derived from the epidermis of the ovule.Cotton fiber develop ment consists of fo ur discrete yet over-lapping developmentalstages:initiation,elongation,secondary wall deposition,and maturation.Therefore,it is regard as an ideal experimental model for studying plant cell elo ngation,cellulose syn-thesis,and cell wall deposition.Furt hermore,the fiber quantity and quality are established during fi-ber development.展开更多
The distinctive features of rural areas play a significant role in the protection and inheritance of rural culture,the promotion of rural economic development,and the comprehensive revitalization of villages.This stud...The distinctive features of rural areas play a significant role in the protection and inheritance of rural culture,the promotion of rural economic development,and the comprehensive revitalization of villages.This study focuses on five categories of national-level characteristic villages in Guizhou Province,and explores their spatial heterogeneity characteristics before evaluating their resource endowments and tourism development potential.It proposes optimized pathways for the development of characteristic rural tourism in different types of regions.The results revealed three key insights.1)In terms of spatial heterogeneity,characteristic villages exhibit a distribution pattern that is“dense in the east and sparse in the west,”with three distinct agglomeration core areas formed in Qiandongnan Prefecture,Tongren City,and Anshun City.The nuclear density spatial differentiation among the five types of villages is significant,while an agglomerated state is maintained,indicating that type diversity coexists with spatial concentration.2)Regarding the factors influencing heterogeneity,natural elements such as elevation,terrain undulation degree,slope gradient,and distance from rivers exert decisive impacts,while cultural heritage accumulation and ethnic population distribution are also important human factors.Together these elements shape the spatial differentiation patterns observed in characteristic villages.3)To optimize tourism development pathways,an evaluation system was constructed based on a comprehensive index of resource endowments and tourism potential.Using a quadrant diagram method,nine cities(prefectures)were categorized into four development zones:Collaborative Enhancement Zone,Optimized Guidance Zone,Resource Integration Zone,and Characteristic Exploration Zone.This framework provides an optimized pathway for developing distinctive rural tourism,and can offer a reference for the sustainable tourism development of other regions with unique rural resources.展开更多
This study explores the high-quality development of China's Taiji cultural industry from the perspective of Taoist culture.In light of the dual demands of cultural industry upgrading and traditional culture revita...This study explores the high-quality development of China's Taiji cultural industry from the perspective of Taoist culture.In light of the dual demands of cultural industry upgrading and traditional culture revitalization,it analyzes the challenges faced by the Taiji cultural industry in both inheritance and innovation.By examining the intrinsic connections between Taoist culture and the Taiji cultural industry,the study provides an in-depth analysis of the current development status and existing problems within the industry.The research primarily employs methods such as literature review and logical analysis.The results indicate that Taoist culture offers abundant theoretical resources and developmental ideas for the Taiji cultural industry.To achieve high-quality development,the industry should deeply explore its cultural connotations,optimize industrial layout and management mechanisms,and strengthen industrial development.This study not only enriches the theoretical framework of the Taiji cultural industry and provides theoretical support and strategic suggestions for its practical development,but also offers new insights into integrating traditional culture with modern industry.It holds significant value for promoting the overall upgrading of China's cultural industry and provides useful reference for the sustainable development of the Taiji cultural industry as well as the broader cultural sector.展开更多
Background The palate is differently regulated and developed along the anterior-posterior axis. The Bmp signal pathway plays a crucial role in palatogenesis. Conditioned-inactivation of Bmp type I receptor Alk2 or Alk...Background The palate is differently regulated and developed along the anterior-posterior axis. The Bmp signal pathway plays a crucial role in palatogenesis. Conditioned-inactivation of Bmp type I receptor Alk2 or Alk3 in the neural crest or craniofacial region leads to palatal cleft in mice. However, how different Bmp members are involved in palatogenesis remains to be elucidated. In the present study, mRNA expression patterns of Bmp2, Bmp3 and Bmp4 in the developing anterior and posterior palates were examined and compared, focusing on the fusion stage.Methods To detect the expression of Bmp mRNA, antisense riboprobes were synthesized by in vitro transcription. Radioactive in situ hybridization was performed on sagital and coronal sections of mice head from E13 to E18.Results The expression of these Bmps were developmentally regulated in the anterior and posterior palates prior to, during and after palatal fusion. During palatal fusion, Bmp4 expression shifted from the anterior to the process, pattern whereas in their palates regulatingConclusions Bmp signalling is involved in palatogenesis in muhiple stages and has muhiple roles in regulating anterior and posterior palatal development. Disturbances of Bmp signalling during palatogenesis might be a possible mechanism of cleft palate.展开更多
The construction of the new-type power system has a significant influence on the achievement of“Dual Carbon”goals in both the power system and the whole society.Currently,China is at a pivotal juncture in the accele...The construction of the new-type power system has a significant influence on the achievement of“Dual Carbon”goals in both the power system and the whole society.Currently,China is at a pivotal juncture in the accelerated construction of the newtype power system.It is urgent to deconstruct the fundamental issues of new-type power system in China,based on which to optimize the choice of developing pathways according to different phases during the“Dual Carbon”process.Firstly,aiming to address the“two scientific issues+one economic problem”that have emerged in construction of new-type power system in China,this paper divides the development process into a carbon peaking phase and a carbon neutral phase,according to their interim and reconstitution forms,respectively.Then,based on the development bound of the power system,this paper analyzes the connotations of fundamental issues and the development route of the power system during the carbon peaking phase,comparing the carbon peaking situation in domestic and foreign contexts.Finally,based on various technological progress scenarios,this paper analyzes the possible development pathways of the newtype power system during the carbon-neutral phase.It provides the principles of comprehensive pathway optimization.展开更多
文摘Governance debates gained strong momentum in Africa in early December 2025 as the China-Kenya Readers Forum on Xi Jinping:The Governance of China convened in Nairobi on 1 December 2025,followed by a promotional event for the English edition of the book’s fifth volume on 3 December 2025 in Johannesburg,South Africa.
文摘As a traditional model for inheriting Chinese medicine,apprenticeship education has evolved over millennia into a distinctive talent cultivation system.In the new era characterized by upholding tradition while pursuing innovation,apprenticeship education serves not only as the core vehicle for sustaining Chinese medical scholarship but also as the key support for resolving contemporary challenges in cultivating TCM professionals.This paper traces the historical evolution and policy context of apprenticeship education,analyzes its current development status and underlying contradictions,and systematically elucidates its irreplaceable value in dimensions such as academic inheritance,critical thinking cultivation,and cultural continuity.By integrating technological innovation and policy guidance,it outlines development pathways to provide practical references for constructing a modernized TCM education system.
基金funding from the U.S.-Kazakhstan University Partnerships program funded by the U.S.Mission to Kazakhstan and administered by American Councils[Award number SKZ100-19-CA-0149].
文摘As universities in Kazakhstan continue to address the challenges that come with developing English-medium instruction(EMI)programs,university Science,Technology,Engineering,and Mathematics(STEM)teachers need to develop capacities to teach in English,while their English teacher counterparts need to develop content-specific pedagogical knowledge.Content and Language Integrated Learning(CLIL)pedagogies,defined as the integration of both language and content curricular goals,have emerged as a vehicle to facilitate this development for both types of teachers.However,what it means to be a CLIL teacher may vary considerably as teachers leverage their professional knowledge and personal experiences.We,therefore,explore teachers’conceptions of CLIL and how their disciplinary,linguistic,and pedagogical backgrounds enable or burden them to forge a“CLIL teacher”identity.This qualitative study illustrates the salient points of the journeys taken by two university teachers,one a specialist in oil and gas,the other an English teacher and teacher educator.Drawing on extended one-on-one interviews,we present two teachers’experiences through a series of CLIL-informed workshops.Using a multidisciplinary analytical framework,we map the ways in which the two teacher participants negotiate their identities in relation to CLIL.The findings highlight the importance of understanding teacher experiences,particularly their language learning backgrounds,attitudes toward supporting student learning,and relationships with their colleagues as they work to adapt to teaching English and STEM subjects in university EMI contexts.
文摘Master developmental pathways, such as Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog, are signaling systems that control proliferation, cell death,motility, migration, and stemness. These systems are not only commonly activated in many solid tumors, where they drive or contribute to cancer initiation, but also in primary and metastatic tumor development. The reactivation of developmental pathways in cancer stroma favors the development of cancer stem cells and allows their maintenance, indicating these signaling pathways as particularly attractive targets for efficient anticancer therapies, especially in advanced primary tumors and metastatic cancers. Metastasis is the worst feature of cancer development. This feature results from a cascade of events emerging from the hijacking of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, migration, and invasion by transforming cells and is associated with poor survival, drug resistance, and tumor relapse. In the present review, we summarize and discuss experimental data suggesting pivotal roles for developmental pathways in cancer development and metastasis, considering the therapeutic potential. Emerging targeted antimetastatic therapies based on Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog pathways are also discussed.
文摘This study systematically reviews the development history and key technological breakthroughs of large gas fields in the Ordos Basin,and summarizes the development models of three gas reservoir types,low-permeability carbonate,low-permeability sandstone and tight sandstone,as well as the progress in deep coal-rock gas development.The current challenges and future development directions are also discussed.Mature development models have been formed for the three representative types of gas reservoirs in the Ordos Basin:(1)Low-permeability carbonate reservoir development model featuring groove fine-scale characterization and three-dimensional vertical succession between Upper and Lower Paleozoic formations.(2)Low-permeability sandstone reservoir development model emphasizing horizontal well pressure-depletion production and vertical well pressure-controlled production.(3)Tight sandstone gas reservoir development model focusing on single-well productivity enhancement and well placement optimization.In deep coal-rock gas development,significant progress has been achieved in reservoir evaluation,sweet spot prediction,and geosteering of horizontal wells.The three types of reservoirs have entered the mid-to-late stages of the development,when the main challenge lies in accurately characterizing residual gas,evaluating secondary gas-bearing layers,and developing precise potential-tapping strategies.In contrast,for the early-stage development of deep coal-rock gas,continuous technological upgrades and cost reduction are essential to achieving economically viable large-scale development.Four key directions of future research and technological breakthroughs are proposed:(1)Utilizing dual-porosity(fracture-matrix)modeling techniques in low-permeability carbonate reservoirs to delineate the volume and distribution of remaining gas in secondary pay zones,supporting well pattern optimization and production enhancement of existing wells.(2)Integrating well-log and seismic data to characterize reservoir spatial distribution of successive strata,enhancing drilling success rates in low-permeability sandstone reservoirs.(3)Utilizing the advantages of horizontal wells to penetrate effective reservoirs laterally,achieving meter-scale quantification of small-scale single sand bodies in tight gas reservoirs,and applying high-resolution 3D geological models to clarify the distribution of remaining gas and guide well placement optimization.(4)Further strengthening the evaluation of deep coal-rock gas in terms of resource potential,well type and pattern,reservoir stimulation,single-well performance,and economic viability.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41771568Social Development Science and Technology Project of Chaoyang District,Beijing,China,No.CYSF1906。
文摘Large regional differences and uneven regional development are fundamental challenges for China. Balanced regional development is an important issue in research on development geography. This study reviews the course of balanced regional development in China and summarizes its characteristics in each period. The results show that inter-regional development in China has undergone successive periods of balanced and unbalanced development. Each period has enhanced social development and contributed to a more balanced regional development. This paper discusses the scientific connotation of balanced regional development, and invokes sustainable development theory to argue that we should pay attention to the differences in resource endowments among regions, and solves the imbalance among the economy, humans, and nature to promote the spatial balance of regional development and green development for better coordination between economy and ecology. The balanced promotion of the well-being of people in each region is the ultimate goal of balanced regional development. We then use concepts from development geography to examine China’s path of balanced regional development from the three perspectives of society, the economy, and ecology. Suggestions are also provided for the balanced development of China’s regions and the improvement of public well-being.
文摘This paper aims to present the development of the SME sector through the example of a country in East-Central Europe. This country was once a member of the so-called communist block until 1989, but had a market economy in 1989. Hungary joined the EU on May 1, 2004, and displaied numerous interesting features concerning small and medium sized enterprises ever since, complying with a variety of expectations. The research study investigated the East-Central European SME systems, and particularly the Hungarian SME practice. The main methods used in this paper are present European and Hungarian research findings of nternational relevance. Several data and figures from the European Union, the Central European area and of course from Hungary were used for the characterization of the SME systems. The main results of the research study is a set of characteristics of the SMEs＇ East-Central European pathway： （1） SMEs as a pillar of the nation in the world and in Hungary; （2） Hungary as the Paradise of small enterprises （numbers versus reality）; （3） Domestic small enterprises in an international （European） comparison; （4） How the crisis impacted the domestic SME sector; （5） Misconceptions and dead ends in small enterprises today： What should the state subsidise and how？
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No 30370904and No 30671258)the National High Technology Research and Development Program(863 project)of China(No 2006AA10Z121)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(No NCET-07-0712)
文摘Cotton(Goss y pium hirsutum L.)is the leading fiber crop and one of the mainstays of the econo-my in the world.Cotton fibers,as the main product of cotton plants,are unicellular,linear structures derived from the epidermis of the ovule.Cotton fiber develop ment consists of fo ur discrete yet over-lapping developmentalstages:initiation,elongation,secondary wall deposition,and maturation.Therefore,it is regard as an ideal experimental model for studying plant cell elo ngation,cellulose syn-thesis,and cell wall deposition.Furt hermore,the fiber quantity and quality are established during fi-ber development.
基金The Curriculum System Reform Project of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education(2021051)The National Natural Science Foundation of China(41471032)。
文摘The distinctive features of rural areas play a significant role in the protection and inheritance of rural culture,the promotion of rural economic development,and the comprehensive revitalization of villages.This study focuses on five categories of national-level characteristic villages in Guizhou Province,and explores their spatial heterogeneity characteristics before evaluating their resource endowments and tourism development potential.It proposes optimized pathways for the development of characteristic rural tourism in different types of regions.The results revealed three key insights.1)In terms of spatial heterogeneity,characteristic villages exhibit a distribution pattern that is“dense in the east and sparse in the west,”with three distinct agglomeration core areas formed in Qiandongnan Prefecture,Tongren City,and Anshun City.The nuclear density spatial differentiation among the five types of villages is significant,while an agglomerated state is maintained,indicating that type diversity coexists with spatial concentration.2)Regarding the factors influencing heterogeneity,natural elements such as elevation,terrain undulation degree,slope gradient,and distance from rivers exert decisive impacts,while cultural heritage accumulation and ethnic population distribution are also important human factors.Together these elements shape the spatial differentiation patterns observed in characteristic villages.3)To optimize tourism development pathways,an evaluation system was constructed based on a comprehensive index of resource endowments and tourism potential.Using a quadrant diagram method,nine cities(prefectures)were categorized into four development zones:Collaborative Enhancement Zone,Optimized Guidance Zone,Resource Integration Zone,and Characteristic Exploration Zone.This framework provides an optimized pathway for developing distinctive rural tourism,and can offer a reference for the sustainable tourism development of other regions with unique rural resources.
文摘This study explores the high-quality development of China's Taiji cultural industry from the perspective of Taoist culture.In light of the dual demands of cultural industry upgrading and traditional culture revitalization,it analyzes the challenges faced by the Taiji cultural industry in both inheritance and innovation.By examining the intrinsic connections between Taoist culture and the Taiji cultural industry,the study provides an in-depth analysis of the current development status and existing problems within the industry.The research primarily employs methods such as literature review and logical analysis.The results indicate that Taoist culture offers abundant theoretical resources and developmental ideas for the Taiji cultural industry.To achieve high-quality development,the industry should deeply explore its cultural connotations,optimize industrial layout and management mechanisms,and strengthen industrial development.This study not only enriches the theoretical framework of the Taiji cultural industry and provides theoretical support and strategic suggestions for its practical development,but also offers new insights into integrating traditional culture with modern industry.It holds significant value for promoting the overall upgrading of China's cultural industry and provides useful reference for the sustainable development of the Taiji cultural industry as well as the broader cultural sector.
文摘Background The palate is differently regulated and developed along the anterior-posterior axis. The Bmp signal pathway plays a crucial role in palatogenesis. Conditioned-inactivation of Bmp type I receptor Alk2 or Alk3 in the neural crest or craniofacial region leads to palatal cleft in mice. However, how different Bmp members are involved in palatogenesis remains to be elucidated. In the present study, mRNA expression patterns of Bmp2, Bmp3 and Bmp4 in the developing anterior and posterior palates were examined and compared, focusing on the fusion stage.Methods To detect the expression of Bmp mRNA, antisense riboprobes were synthesized by in vitro transcription. Radioactive in situ hybridization was performed on sagital and coronal sections of mice head from E13 to E18.Results The expression of these Bmps were developmentally regulated in the anterior and posterior palates prior to, during and after palatal fusion. During palatal fusion, Bmp4 expression shifted from the anterior to the process, pattern whereas in their palates regulatingConclusions Bmp signalling is involved in palatogenesis in muhiple stages and has muhiple roles in regulating anterior and posterior palatal development. Disturbances of Bmp signalling during palatogenesis might be a possible mechanism of cleft palate.
文摘The construction of the new-type power system has a significant influence on the achievement of“Dual Carbon”goals in both the power system and the whole society.Currently,China is at a pivotal juncture in the accelerated construction of the newtype power system.It is urgent to deconstruct the fundamental issues of new-type power system in China,based on which to optimize the choice of developing pathways according to different phases during the“Dual Carbon”process.Firstly,aiming to address the“two scientific issues+one economic problem”that have emerged in construction of new-type power system in China,this paper divides the development process into a carbon peaking phase and a carbon neutral phase,according to their interim and reconstitution forms,respectively.Then,based on the development bound of the power system,this paper analyzes the connotations of fundamental issues and the development route of the power system during the carbon peaking phase,comparing the carbon peaking situation in domestic and foreign contexts.Finally,based on various technological progress scenarios,this paper analyzes the possible development pathways of the newtype power system during the carbon-neutral phase.It provides the principles of comprehensive pathway optimization.
