This research investigates the effectiveness of climate-related development aid in Indonesia’s climate mitigation.Specific objectives include assessing the contribution of official development assistance(ODA)to reduc...This research investigates the effectiveness of climate-related development aid in Indonesia’s climate mitigation.Specific objectives include assessing the contribution of official development assistance(ODA)to reducing CO_(2) emissions and evaluating the implementation of the Busan Principles of aid effectiveness to achieve Indonesia’s mitigation priorities and targets.We utilize a new primary dataset based on interviews with the most knowledgeable stakeholders of ODA on climate change mitigation.Additionally,we use secondary data from the annual Rio Marker and the Common Reporting Standard data of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development.The results show a significant correlation between climate-related development aid and CO_(2) emission reduction in Indonesia.Additionally,the implementation of the Busan Principles enhances aid management by fostering project ownership and increasing the involvement of civil society and private sector.The study has implications for devising an effective climate change mitigation strategy for Indonesia.It is suggested that the government of Indonesia exercise greater flexibility and dynamism in engaging with development partners.展开更多
Impoverished sub-Saharan Africa(SSA)is under increasing environmental pressure from global environmental changes.It is now generally accepted in academic circles that economic development in SSA countries can cause en...Impoverished sub-Saharan Africa(SSA)is under increasing environmental pressure from global environmental changes.It is now generally accepted in academic circles that economic development in SSA countries can cause environmental pressure in other countries.However,there is research gap on the impact of economic assistance on environmental pressure in SSA countries and whether economic assistance causes spatial spillovers of environ-mental pressure between SSA countries.To better understand the impact of economic assistance on environmental pressures in SSA,a dynamic spatial Dubin panel model was developed.It helped us explore the spatial spillover effects of economic assistance on environmental pressures in recipient countries based on the panel data from 34 SSA countries.The results show that economic assistance had a positive stimulating effect on environmen-tal pressures of recipient countries,which means that the degree of human disturbance to the environment has deepened.Due to the regional correlation effect,neighboring countries were saddled with environmental pres-sures from the target country.Moreover,environmental pressures have time inertia,which can easily produce a snowball effect.The decomposition of effects shows that the impact of economic assistance on environmental pressures is relatively minor.Environmental pressures have spillover effects,so to deal with diffuse risks,joint regional prevention and control policies should be developed.展开更多
China and the US differ sharply in their models of international development assistance. Because the US strengthens development assistance as a strategic investment, it has a privileged position under current internat...China and the US differ sharply in their models of international development assistance. Because the US strengthens development assistance as a strategic investment, it has a privileged position under current international rules. China has expanded in regional markets using more cooperation and is there recreating the rules in trade, investment and infrastructure. To deal with China’s policy on international development,the Trump administration is promoting a geoeconomic game and trying to make its US model more attractive. This gives a glimpse into how the US has begun a systematic balancing. International development assistance has been a security tool,and now becomes the main battlefield of competition between the two countries.展开更多
Background:Despite the increasing interest in China’s development assistance for health(DAH)in African countries,little is known regarding the distribution and determinants of China’s DAH project allocation among th...Background:Despite the increasing interest in China’s development assistance for health(DAH)in African countries,little is known regarding the distribution and determinants of China’s DAH project allocation among the principle subdivisions(provinces&states)within African countries.Methods:We mapped the distribution of China’s DAH projects in 670 principle subdivisions of 50 African countries during 2006-2015 using web-based information.The political,demographic,health and socioeconomic indicators of DAH allocation were analyzed using conditional logistic regression models.The national capital city and political leader’s birth place were selected as the main political indicators,and health indicators were selected according to different fields of the DAH projects.Results:China’s DAH projects(mainly China medical teams[CMTs],hospitals and anti-malaria centers)were mostly allocated to the western and eastern coasts of Africa,although CMTs were also dispatched to northern Africa.National capital cities were significantly associated with the allocation of China’s DAH projects(P<0.001).Antimalaria centers were more likely to be allocated to principle subdivisions with larger populations(OR=1.35),and CMTs were allocated to subdivisions with high population densities(OR=79.01).No health-related indicators were identified to affect project allocation except for the facility delivery rate and under-five mortality rate,which were associated with hospital allocation.We also found an association between CMT allocation and the use of artemisinin-based combination therapy in children.Conclusions:Allocation of China’s DAH projects is strongly affected by political and demographic factors.Implementation of China’s new DAH projects should target health and socio-economic indicators and impact metrics in scaling up tailored and cost-effective programs in Africa.展开更多
Since the end of the Cold War,the core goal of U.S.policy toward Africa has been to build its influence on the continent through development assistance and trade preferences attached with political conditionalities,de...Since the end of the Cold War,the core goal of U.S.policy toward Africa has been to build its influence on the continent through development assistance and trade preferences attached with political conditionalities,defined as“assistance for concessions”.After the September 11 attacks,counterterrorism became a priority in U.S.national security strategy,being one of the three pillars of U.S.policy toward Africa alongside assistance and trade.展开更多
Civil Society 20 China 2016(C20)was successfully convened in Qingdao on July 5th and 6th.Chinese President Xi Jinping sent a message of congratulations to the Conference.State Councilor Yang Jiechi attended the openin...Civil Society 20 China 2016(C20)was successfully convened in Qingdao on July 5th and 6th.Chinese President Xi Jinping sent a message of congratulations to the Conference.State Councilor Yang Jiechi attended the opening ceremony and delivered a speech.Sun Jiazheng,Vice-Chairman of the 11th National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and President of China展开更多
The failure of the USD 100-billion climate finance pledge under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC)could be attributed to a series of reasons:the inconsistent rules,the ambiguity of accou...The failure of the USD 100-billion climate finance pledge under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC)could be attributed to a series of reasons:the inconsistent rules,the ambiguity of accountability issues,the political and economic motivations of donor countries,the weak governance capability of developing countries,etc.In addition to the predicament of climate finance commitments made by industrialized nations,South-South cooperation is becoming an important supplemental approach and is acknowledged by the Paris Agreement as an essential means of support.Through studying a broad set of literature on climate finance governance,the study aims to provide a clear picture of the current muddle in climate finance and China’s new role in the architecture.We do this by first looking into the disjointed system of reporting and accounting standards for climate finance as well as what causes the international climate finance gap.On the one hand,the self-interests and geopolitical concerns of donor countries led to considerable challenges to distributive justice in climate finance allocation.On the other hand,climate finance from rich countries has yet to make a substantial dent in enhancing developing countries’resilience to climate change.Finally,we argue that China-led climate-related development assistance and South-South cooperation on climate change has a tremendous potential for vulnerable countries to realize their climate action priorities and address the climate injustice.展开更多
文摘This research investigates the effectiveness of climate-related development aid in Indonesia’s climate mitigation.Specific objectives include assessing the contribution of official development assistance(ODA)to reducing CO_(2) emissions and evaluating the implementation of the Busan Principles of aid effectiveness to achieve Indonesia’s mitigation priorities and targets.We utilize a new primary dataset based on interviews with the most knowledgeable stakeholders of ODA on climate change mitigation.Additionally,we use secondary data from the annual Rio Marker and the Common Reporting Standard data of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development.The results show a significant correlation between climate-related development aid and CO_(2) emission reduction in Indonesia.Additionally,the implementation of the Busan Principles enhances aid management by fostering project ownership and increasing the involvement of civil society and private sector.The study has implications for devising an effective climate change mitigation strategy for Indonesia.It is suggested that the government of Indonesia exercise greater flexibility and dynamism in engaging with development partners.
基金This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.72104246,71874203).
文摘Impoverished sub-Saharan Africa(SSA)is under increasing environmental pressure from global environmental changes.It is now generally accepted in academic circles that economic development in SSA countries can cause environmental pressure in other countries.However,there is research gap on the impact of economic assistance on environmental pressure in SSA countries and whether economic assistance causes spatial spillovers of environ-mental pressure between SSA countries.To better understand the impact of economic assistance on environmental pressures in SSA,a dynamic spatial Dubin panel model was developed.It helped us explore the spatial spillover effects of economic assistance on environmental pressures in recipient countries based on the panel data from 34 SSA countries.The results show that economic assistance had a positive stimulating effect on environmen-tal pressures of recipient countries,which means that the degree of human disturbance to the environment has deepened.Due to the regional correlation effect,neighboring countries were saddled with environmental pres-sures from the target country.Moreover,environmental pressures have time inertia,which can easily produce a snowball effect.The decomposition of effects shows that the impact of economic assistance on environmental pressures is relatively minor.Environmental pressures have spillover effects,so to deal with diffuse risks,joint regional prevention and control policies should be developed.
文摘China and the US differ sharply in their models of international development assistance. Because the US strengthens development assistance as a strategic investment, it has a privileged position under current international rules. China has expanded in regional markets using more cooperation and is there recreating the rules in trade, investment and infrastructure. To deal with China’s policy on international development,the Trump administration is promoting a geoeconomic game and trying to make its US model more attractive. This gives a glimpse into how the US has begun a systematic balancing. International development assistance has been a security tool,and now becomes the main battlefield of competition between the two countries.
基金This work was supported by China Medical Board(No.CMB-15-243)Haomin Yang is supported by grant from China Scholarship Council(No.201406010275)The funding agencies have no role in the study design,data analysis or manuscript writing.
文摘Background:Despite the increasing interest in China’s development assistance for health(DAH)in African countries,little is known regarding the distribution and determinants of China’s DAH project allocation among the principle subdivisions(provinces&states)within African countries.Methods:We mapped the distribution of China’s DAH projects in 670 principle subdivisions of 50 African countries during 2006-2015 using web-based information.The political,demographic,health and socioeconomic indicators of DAH allocation were analyzed using conditional logistic regression models.The national capital city and political leader’s birth place were selected as the main political indicators,and health indicators were selected according to different fields of the DAH projects.Results:China’s DAH projects(mainly China medical teams[CMTs],hospitals and anti-malaria centers)were mostly allocated to the western and eastern coasts of Africa,although CMTs were also dispatched to northern Africa.National capital cities were significantly associated with the allocation of China’s DAH projects(P<0.001).Antimalaria centers were more likely to be allocated to principle subdivisions with larger populations(OR=1.35),and CMTs were allocated to subdivisions with high population densities(OR=79.01).No health-related indicators were identified to affect project allocation except for the facility delivery rate and under-five mortality rate,which were associated with hospital allocation.We also found an association between CMT allocation and the use of artemisinin-based combination therapy in children.Conclusions:Allocation of China’s DAH projects is strongly affected by political and demographic factors.Implementation of China’s new DAH projects should target health and socio-economic indicators and impact metrics in scaling up tailored and cost-effective programs in Africa.
文摘Since the end of the Cold War,the core goal of U.S.policy toward Africa has been to build its influence on the continent through development assistance and trade preferences attached with political conditionalities,defined as“assistance for concessions”.After the September 11 attacks,counterterrorism became a priority in U.S.national security strategy,being one of the three pillars of U.S.policy toward Africa alongside assistance and trade.
文摘Civil Society 20 China 2016(C20)was successfully convened in Qingdao on July 5th and 6th.Chinese President Xi Jinping sent a message of congratulations to the Conference.State Councilor Yang Jiechi attended the opening ceremony and delivered a speech.Sun Jiazheng,Vice-Chairman of the 11th National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and President of China
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72322013,72234001,72234002,72121002)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0608600)the Shanghai Talent Development Fund(2021098).
文摘The failure of the USD 100-billion climate finance pledge under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC)could be attributed to a series of reasons:the inconsistent rules,the ambiguity of accountability issues,the political and economic motivations of donor countries,the weak governance capability of developing countries,etc.In addition to the predicament of climate finance commitments made by industrialized nations,South-South cooperation is becoming an important supplemental approach and is acknowledged by the Paris Agreement as an essential means of support.Through studying a broad set of literature on climate finance governance,the study aims to provide a clear picture of the current muddle in climate finance and China’s new role in the architecture.We do this by first looking into the disjointed system of reporting and accounting standards for climate finance as well as what causes the international climate finance gap.On the one hand,the self-interests and geopolitical concerns of donor countries led to considerable challenges to distributive justice in climate finance allocation.On the other hand,climate finance from rich countries has yet to make a substantial dent in enhancing developing countries’resilience to climate change.Finally,we argue that China-led climate-related development assistance and South-South cooperation on climate change has a tremendous potential for vulnerable countries to realize their climate action priorities and address the climate injustice.
