With the gradual implementation of a series of institutional arrangements, H ainan is becoming a new hot spot for global investment and an ideal destination for starting businesses and developing industry. While attra...With the gradual implementation of a series of institutional arrangements, H ainan is becoming a new hot spot for global investment and an ideal destination for starting businesses and developing industry. While attracting foreign investment projects, it is also creating more favorable conditions for local enterprises to expand into international markets.展开更多
THE Hainan Free Trade Port(FTP)officially launched island-wide special customs operations on December 18,2025.One month in,a reporting team from China International Communications Group(CICG)conducted an exclusive int...THE Hainan Free Trade Port(FTP)officially launched island-wide special customs operations on December 18,2025.One month in,a reporting team from China International Communications Group(CICG)conducted an exclusive interview with Feng Fei,secretary of the Hainan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC)and chairman of the Standing Committee of the Hainan Provincial People’s Congress.展开更多
With the intensifying global climate crisis,carbon emissions trading has emerged as a crucial market-based instrument for emissions reduction,attracting significant attention from government agencies and academia worl...With the intensifying global climate crisis,carbon emissions trading has emerged as a crucial market-based instrument for emissions reduction,attracting significant attention from government agencies and academia worldwide.As of January 2024,28 carbon trading markets have been established globally,encompassing approximately 17%of global greenhouse gas emissions and serving approximately 1/3 of the global population.With various nations setting carbon neutrality targets and delineating carbon reduction pathways,the con-struction,operation,and regulatory frameworks of carbon markets are becoming increasingly refined and comprehensive.This study elucidates the importance and necessity of establishing carbon markets from the perspective of energy system transformation and sus-tainable economic development.Second,it provides a comparative analysis of the operational mechanisms,trading scales,and emission reduction outcomes of major carbon markets in the European Union,United States,and New Zealand,systematically summarizing their development processes and recent advancements.Finally,this study addresses issues and challenges in the construction of China’s carbon market.Drawing on the successful experiences of leading global carbon markets in institutional design and market operations,we pro-pose development strategies and recommendations for a carbon market with Chinese characteristics.These strategies are intended to align with international standards while meeting China’s national conditions,thereby contributing insights into the global carbon market trading system.展开更多
This white paper explores three popular development methodologies for network softwarization: DevOps, NetOps, and Verification. The paper compares and contrasts the strengths and weaknesses of each approach and provid...This white paper explores three popular development methodologies for network softwarization: DevOps, NetOps, and Verification. The paper compares and contrasts the strengths and weaknesses of each approach and provides recommendations for organizations looking to adopt network softwarization.展开更多
Using research approaches such as questionnaire investigation, interview, and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PAR), the relationship between Haba Snow Mountain Nature Reserve and peripheral communities was studied. The...Using research approaches such as questionnaire investigation, interview, and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PAR), the relationship between Haba Snow Mountain Nature Reserve and peripheral communities was studied. The results showed that there are lots of conflicts between Haba Snow Mountain Nature Reserve and peripheral communities. On the one hand, conservation of natural environment brings inconvenience to the development of peripheral communities, such as limiting the use of resources, constraining space of development, resulting in economic losses, reducing tourist income, and low compensation. On the other hand, peripheral communities' development threats conservation of the natural environment, for instance, illegal deforestation, illegal mining, over-harvesting, over-grazing and non-ecotourism. Therefore, effective suggestions were given as "scientific planning of functional areas, enhancing economic compensation, devoting more in ecotourism development, and realizing the cooperation of communities".展开更多
The nuclear power plant is suitable for base-load operation, while the pumped-storage unit mainly gives play to capacity benefit in the electric power system;hence, the integrated development and hybrid operation mode...The nuclear power plant is suitable for base-load operation, while the pumped-storage unit mainly gives play to capacity benefit in the electric power system;hence, the integrated development and hybrid operation mode of the two can better meet the needs of the electric power system. This article first presents an analysis of the necessity and superiority of such mode, then explains its meaning and analyzes the working routes. Finally, it proposes the business modes as follows: low price pumping water electricity plus nuclear power in the near term;nuclear power shifted to pumped storage power participating in market competition in the middle term;and, in the long term, nuclear power shifted to pumped storage power as primary and serving as an electric power system when needed.展开更多
Blast furnace （BF） ironmaking is dominant for reducing pollution emission and energy consumption in iron and steel industry, Under the increasingly strict environmental pressure, some innovative tech nologies of BF ...Blast furnace （BF） ironmaking is dominant for reducing pollution emission and energy consumption in iron and steel industry, Under the increasingly strict environmental pressure, some innovative tech nologies of BF ironmaking for environmental protection have been developed and applied in actual op- erating facilities. The current state of BF ironmaking in Europe, America, Japan, and China were briefly overviewed. Moreover, some innovative BF ironmaking technologies aiming at environmental harmony and operation intellectualization in the world, such as waste gas recycling sintering, BF op eration with coke oven gas injection, ferro coke, lime coating coke, BF visualization and intellectuali zation, were roundly summarized. Finally, some discussion on the technologies was carried out and the development trends of BF ironmaking were pointed out. The review could provide references and supports for the progress of environment friendly technologies of BF ironmaking, thereby promoting their practical applications and achieving sustainable development of BF ironmaking, especially for Chinese ironmaking industry.展开更多
Through a comprehensive review of the development status of workover technology of PetroChina Company Limited(PetroChina), this paper presents the connotation of workover operation under the background of the new era,...Through a comprehensive review of the development status of workover technology of PetroChina Company Limited(PetroChina), this paper presents the connotation of workover operation under the background of the new era, the latest progress of workover operation in the respects of equipment, tools, technology and the construction of information and standardization. The gaps between PetroChina and foreign counterpart in workover technology are as follows: the level of automation and intellectualization of tools and equipment is relatively low, the snubbing operation in gas wells characterized by HT/HP and high H2 S is lagged behind;water plugging in the long horizontal wellbore needs to be further developed, coiled tubing and its relevant equipment for ultra-deep well operation has to be optimized;informationization, standardization and big data application of workover operation need to be started. Based on this as well as the development status of workover technology in China and the technical difficulties faced in the future, eight suggestions for future development are put forward:(1) strengthen the dynamic understanding of reservoir and improve the pertinence of workover schemes;(2) develop the general overhaul technology in a systematical way to tackle issues of seriously problematic wells;(3) put more efforts into the research of horizontal well workover operation and develop relevant technology for long horizontal section operation;(4) improve the snubbing technology and extend its applications;(5) expand the capacity of coiled tubing operation and improve the level of special operations;(6) develop automatic workover technology into the field of artificial intelligence;(7) promote clean operation in an all-round way and build green oil and gas fields;(8) perfect the informationization construction to realize the sharing of workover resources.展开更多
Despite the enormous advances in our ability to understand, interpret and ultimately manage the natural world, we have reached the 21st century in awesome ignorance of what is likely to unfold in terms of both the nat...Despite the enormous advances in our ability to understand, interpret and ultimately manage the natural world, we have reached the 21st century in awesome ignorance of what is likely to unfold in terms of both the natural changes and the human activities that affect the environment and the responses of the Earth to those stimuli. One certain fact is that the planet will be subjected to pressures hitherto unprecedented in its recent evolutionary history. The “tomorrow’s world” will not simply be an inflated version of the “today’s world”, with more people, more energy consumption and more industry, rather it will be qualitatively different from today in at least three important respects. First, new technology will transform the relationship between man and the natural world. An example is the gradual transition from agriculture that is heavily dependent on chemicals to one that is essentially biologically intensive through the application of bio-technologies. Consequently, the release of bio-engineered organisms is likely to pose new kinds of risks if the development and use of such organisms are not carefully controlled. Second, society will be moving beyond the era of localized environmental problems. What were once local incidents of natural resource impairment shared throughout a common watershed or basin, now involve many neighboring countries. What were once acute, short-lived episodes of reversible damage now affect many generations. What were once straightforward questions of conservation versus development now reflect more complex linkages. The third major change refers to climate variations. It is nowadays widely accepted that the increasing concentration of the so-called greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is altering the Earth’s radiation balance and causing the temperature to rise. This process in turn provides the context for a chain of events which leads to changes in the different components of the hydrological cycle, such as evapotranspiration rate, intensity and frequency of precipitation, river flows, soil moisture and groundwater recharge. Mankind is expected to respond to these effects by taking adaptive measures including changing patterns of land use, adopting new strategies for soil and water management and looking for non-conventional water resources (e.g. saline/brackish waters, desalinated water, and treated wastewater). All these problems will become more pronounced in the years to come, as society enters an era of increasingly complex paths towards the global economy. In this context, engineers and decision-makers need to systematically review planning principles, design criteria, operating rules, contingency plans and management policies for new infra-structures. In relation to these issues and based on available information, this report gives an overview of current and future (time horizon 2025) irrigation and food production development around the world. Moreover, the paper analyses the results of the most recent and advanced General Circulation Models for assessing the hydrological impacts of climate variability on crop requirements, water availability and the planning and design process of irrigation systems. Finally, a five-step planning and design procedure is proposed that is able to integrate, within the development process, the hydrological consequences of climate change. For researchers interested in irrigation and drainage and in crop production under changing climate conditions, references have been included, under developments in irrigation section on Page 3. Many climate action plans developed by few cities, states and various countries are cited for policy makers to follow or to make a note off. Few citations are also included in the end to educate every one of us, who are not familiar with the scientific work of our colleagues, related to global warming. The colleagues are from different areas, physics, mathematics, agricultural engineering, crop scientists and policy makers in United Nations. Most of the citation links do open, when you click on them. If it does not, copy and paste the link on any web browsers.展开更多
In China,operational in-situ marine monitoring is the primary means of directly obtaining hydrological,meteorological,and oceanographic environmental parameters across sea areas,and it is essential for applications su...In China,operational in-situ marine monitoring is the primary means of directly obtaining hydrological,meteorological,and oceanographic environmental parameters across sea areas,and it is essential for applications such as forecast of marine environment,prevention and mitigation of disaster,exploitation of marine resources,marine environmental protection,and management of transportation safety.In this paper,we summarise the composition,development courses,and present operational status of three systems of operational in-situ marine monitoring,namely coastal marine automated network station,ocean data buoy and voluntary observing ship measuring and reporting system.Additionally,we discuss the technical development in these in-situ systems and achievements in the key generic technologies along with future development trends.展开更多
[Objective]The aim was to study the development and application of operation in comprehensive platform of professional meteorological station.[Method]Taking the operation platform of professional meteorological statio...[Objective]The aim was to study the development and application of operation in comprehensive platform of professional meteorological station.[Method]Taking the operation platform of professional meteorological station in Yantai City as an example,and by dint of VB language and Mysql database technology,the ideas of comprehensive platform development of operation in professional meteorological station,main contents of the platform and its main functions were introduced.[Result]The platform mainly used VB language and Mysql database technology.Gathering together the forecast making,forecast inventory and check,surveillance of data uploading and machine operation and records of shifts,the interface was simple,visual and easy to handle.It reduced reporters’workload,improved their work efficiency and was the favorite of majority reporters.[Conclusion]The study provided reference for the improvement of work efficiency of each professional meteorological station.展开更多
With the development of central-private enterprises integration,selecting suitable key suppliers are able to provide core components for smart complex equipment.We consider selecting suitable key suppliers from matchi...With the development of central-private enterprises integration,selecting suitable key suppliers are able to provide core components for smart complex equipment.We consider selecting suitable key suppliers from matching perspective,for it not only satisfies natural development of smart complex equipment,it is also a good implementation of equipment project in central-private enterprises integration context.In in this paper,we carry out two parts of research,one is evaluation attributes based on comprehensive analysis,and the other is matching process between key suppliers and core components based on the matching attribute.In practical analysis process,we employ comprehensive evaluated analysis methods to acquire relevant attributes for the matching process that follows.In the analysis process,we adopt entropy-maximum deviation method(MDM)-decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory(DEMATEL)-technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)to obtain a comprehensive analysis.The entropy-MDM is applied to get weight value,DEMATEL is utilized to obtain internal relations,and TOPSIS is adopted to get ideal evaluated solution.We consider aggregating two types of evaluation information according to similarities of smart complex equipment based on the combination between geometric mean and arithmetic mean.Moreover,based on the aforementioned attributes and generalized power Heronian mean operator,we aggregate preference information to acquire relevant satisfaction degree,then combine the constructed matching model to get suitable key supplier.Through comprehensive analysis of selecting suitable suppliers,we know that two-sided matching and information aggregation can provide more research perspectives for smart complex equipment.Through analysis for relevant factors,we find that leading role and service level are also significant for the smart complex equipment development process.展开更多
Tremendous achievements of live pig industry in China are closely related to the industrialization of the industry,and development trend of the latter is essential for maintaining sustained and stable development of a...Tremendous achievements of live pig industry in China are closely related to the industrialization of the industry,and development trend of the latter is essential for maintaining sustained and stable development of animal husbandry.The paper,on the basis of defining the evolution of industrialized live pig breeding model,elaborated the industrialized operation models of live pig industry in China since 1978,i.e.household operation,large-scale operation,and industrialized operation.The external environment for the development of live pig industry was analyzed,such as global economic competition,development of experience economy,and stronger green consciousness of consumers.Then development trend of industrialized live pig breeding was analyzed as"expanding international market,consolidating domestic market,integrating resources of live pig industry for the integrated operation,promoting the industrialization model and breeding technology driven by live pig processing,applying animal welfare and the internet of things in live pig breeding industry".展开更多
Developing production and operation in scales in the major grain producing areas is the direction of the paper. Seizing the opportunity of modem agriculture comprehensive reform in two plains （Songnen Plain and Sanji...Developing production and operation in scales in the major grain producing areas is the direction of the paper. Seizing the opportunity of modem agriculture comprehensive reform in two plains （Songnen Plain and Sanjiang Plain） of Heilongjiang Province and supporting to build a new type of production and management based on the big grain production householding, which plays demonstration and leading roles, have an important strategic position in improving agricultural comprehensive production capacity and ensuring national food security. In this paper, based on the survey data about the big grain production households production operations and analyses of the obstacles in expansion of production in Heilongjiang Province, specific suggestions in supporting the development of the big grain production household were put forward, such as, increasing agricultural production socialized level; perfecting the service system of land transferring; improving financial policies and farmer-friendly policy measures and perfecting the agriculture socialized service system.展开更多
The study of verbal behavior focuses on communicative functions of the speakers/producers as they affect the behavior of listeners/observers. Effects on the listener reinforce the speaker and the listener/observer ben...The study of verbal behavior focuses on communicative functions of the speakers/producers as they affect the behavior of listeners/observers. Effects on the listener reinforce the speaker and the listener/observer benefits (i.e., is reinforced) from the behavior of the speaker/producer. The interlocking of, and exchange of, the speaker and listener behavior between individuals and within one’s own skin constitute bidirectional operants. These bidirectional operants are instances of social interactions and measures of social behavior. Evidence suggests that the act of listening, among other observing responses, is initially developmentally independent from speaker behavior. How they become joined parallels the biological phenomenon of metamorphosis. The succession of changes has been empirically identified as a succession of verbal behavior development cusps, which are described in their sequence biologically as a manifestation of functional metamorphosis. The onset of a cusp constitutes first instances of behavior and accompanying stimulus control that allows infants and children to contact parts of the environment for the first time resulting in their learning things impossible to learn before or learning faster. Cusps for the intercept of the speaker and listener lead to bidirectional operants and provide explanations for how children incidentally learn the names of things, become increasingly social, and make subsequent complex behavior possible. Many of the cusps identified in our research resulted from the missing behavior and stimulus control of children with autism. Once cusps were established, these children learned things they could not learn before, learned faster, and learned by contacting parts of the social environment they could not contact before. These findings led to a theory of verbal behavior development that point to the selection of bidirectional operants as behavioral phenotypes during functional metamorphosis, which has enhanced the survival of Homo sapiens through emergent symbolic skills for more effective collaboration between two or more individuals.展开更多
The main body of household operation in the rural household contract responsibility system of our country has developed to the present stage,and has formed the situation that three kinds of rural households coexist,na...The main body of household operation in the rural household contract responsibility system of our country has developed to the present stage,and has formed the situation that three kinds of rural households coexist,namely,ordinary rural households,major professional households and family farms. The agricultural production and operation of three kinds of household plays an important role in supporting the rapid development of modern agriculture in China. Under the new situation of deepening the rural reform and realizing the goal of well-off society in an all-round way,it is of great practical significance to make a thorough investigation and study on the present situation and approaches relating to the construction of the agricultural production and operation capacity for the three kinds of rural households.展开更多
Based on the investigation and analysis of the social behavior characteristics of post-95undergraduates,this paper puts forward the principle of sharing and building e-class platform and analyzes thedevelopment of the...Based on the investigation and analysis of the social behavior characteristics of post-95undergraduates,this paper puts forward the principle of sharing and building e-class platform and analyzes thedevelopment of the functions of the four platforms such as the teacher-student service system,instant interactionsystem,SNS community system and vertical segmental pushing system and the realization of the function of modularoperation.Finally,in order to ensure the stable operation of the E-class platform,four measures are put forward suchas the systematic construction of the system,the innovation of team work,the assessment of key performances and thecomprehensive guarantee,thus providing an external guarantee for the stable operation of the E-class platform.展开更多
Nowadays with the rapid development of society,remarkable changes have been taken place in city life.The greening construction of the city can not meet the needs of the residents for the good environment.Recently,many...Nowadays with the rapid development of society,remarkable changes have been taken place in city life.The greening construction of the city can not meet the needs of the residents for the good environment.Recently,many large and medium-sized cities across the country have stepped up investment in country park,Its construction provides a good place to alleviate the pressure of life,Short-distance leisure for the city's residents.So it is worth exploring for Gucun Park that how to attract tourists in the fierce competition.The purpose of this paper is to stand in the height of the risk management system,putting forward the corresponding standardized risk response measures,which has great significance to the sustainable operation and development in the future.展开更多
In the 21st century, the South Korean government is to develop its own cultural industries, and it has achieved great results. Since the administration of President Chun Doo-hwan, it started the Korean government for ...In the 21st century, the South Korean government is to develop its own cultural industries, and it has achieved great results. Since the administration of President Chun Doo-hwan, it started the Korean government for the development of cultural industry that has formulated a series of policies, laws and regulations, which is the development of Korean culture industry that has played a positive role in promoting. By analyzing the current development of cultural industries in Korea, Korean culture industry can be seen with the following characteristics in the development process, ie government-led industrial policy and cultural economic and non-economic nature of double and capital, talent and technology for the development of cultural industries powered. Successful experience in development and operation of Korean culture of industry development has an important enlightenment on China＇ s cultural industry.展开更多
The quality of the existing building energy-saving renovation market determines the inherent inevitability of incentive,while unique requirements for the incentive should be satisfied by stage characteristics and indi...The quality of the existing building energy-saving renovation market determines the inherent inevitability of incentive,while unique requirements for the incentive should be satisfied by stage characteristics and individualization of the three entities of the existing building energy-saving renovation market development.Firstly,the analysis of internal and external factors’composition and system influencing the existing construction market development incentive structure was performed.Then,system dynamics was implemented to build the feedback model of incentive effects of market development of existing buildings energy-saving reconstruction.Discussions on the realization path of the incentive for the development of the existing energy-saving building market were also pointed out.Finally,this paper conducted the analysis of the dynamic feedback characteristics and key incentive factors of the incentive for the development of the existing building energy-saving renovation market.Based on the analyses and discussions above,this paper provides methodological guidance and implementation approach for the incentive path selection and policy-making of the existing building energy-saving transformation market,trying to help improve the incentive effectiveness of the market,and also promote healthy and sustainable development of the existing building energy-saving renovation market.展开更多
文摘With the gradual implementation of a series of institutional arrangements, H ainan is becoming a new hot spot for global investment and an ideal destination for starting businesses and developing industry. While attracting foreign investment projects, it is also creating more favorable conditions for local enterprises to expand into international markets.
文摘THE Hainan Free Trade Port(FTP)officially launched island-wide special customs operations on December 18,2025.One month in,a reporting team from China International Communications Group(CICG)conducted an exclusive interview with Feng Fei,secretary of the Hainan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC)and chairman of the Standing Committee of the Hainan Provincial People’s Congress.
基金support of the SGCC Science and Technology Project“Cost Analysis,Market Bidding Mechanism Research and Validation of New Power Sys-tem Transformation under a Diversified Value System”(1400-202357380A-2-3-XG)for this article.
文摘With the intensifying global climate crisis,carbon emissions trading has emerged as a crucial market-based instrument for emissions reduction,attracting significant attention from government agencies and academia worldwide.As of January 2024,28 carbon trading markets have been established globally,encompassing approximately 17%of global greenhouse gas emissions and serving approximately 1/3 of the global population.With various nations setting carbon neutrality targets and delineating carbon reduction pathways,the con-struction,operation,and regulatory frameworks of carbon markets are becoming increasingly refined and comprehensive.This study elucidates the importance and necessity of establishing carbon markets from the perspective of energy system transformation and sus-tainable economic development.Second,it provides a comparative analysis of the operational mechanisms,trading scales,and emission reduction outcomes of major carbon markets in the European Union,United States,and New Zealand,systematically summarizing their development processes and recent advancements.Finally,this study addresses issues and challenges in the construction of China’s carbon market.Drawing on the successful experiences of leading global carbon markets in institutional design and market operations,we pro-pose development strategies and recommendations for a carbon market with Chinese characteristics.These strategies are intended to align with international standards while meeting China’s national conditions,thereby contributing insights into the global carbon market trading system.
文摘This white paper explores three popular development methodologies for network softwarization: DevOps, NetOps, and Verification. The paper compares and contrasts the strengths and weaknesses of each approach and provides recommendations for organizations looking to adopt network softwarization.
基金Supported by the Program of China Huaneng Group: Comprehensive Scientific Research on the Haba Snow Mountain in Yunnan Province~~
文摘Using research approaches such as questionnaire investigation, interview, and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PAR), the relationship between Haba Snow Mountain Nature Reserve and peripheral communities was studied. The results showed that there are lots of conflicts between Haba Snow Mountain Nature Reserve and peripheral communities. On the one hand, conservation of natural environment brings inconvenience to the development of peripheral communities, such as limiting the use of resources, constraining space of development, resulting in economic losses, reducing tourist income, and low compensation. On the other hand, peripheral communities' development threats conservation of the natural environment, for instance, illegal deforestation, illegal mining, over-harvesting, over-grazing and non-ecotourism. Therefore, effective suggestions were given as "scientific planning of functional areas, enhancing economic compensation, devoting more in ecotourism development, and realizing the cooperation of communities".
基金funded by the Project “Resource Characteristics of Main Watersheds and Key Issues in Development and Utilization of Hydroelectricity in South America and Africa”the National Science Foundation of China (U1766201)
文摘The nuclear power plant is suitable for base-load operation, while the pumped-storage unit mainly gives play to capacity benefit in the electric power system;hence, the integrated development and hybrid operation mode of the two can better meet the needs of the electric power system. This article first presents an analysis of the necessity and superiority of such mode, then explains its meaning and analyzes the working routes. Finally, it proposes the business modes as follows: low price pumping water electricity plus nuclear power in the near term;nuclear power shifted to pumped storage power participating in market competition in the middle term;and, in the long term, nuclear power shifted to pumped storage power as primary and serving as an electric power system when needed.
基金support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.50804008and 51374058)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2016M601321)the Fundamental Research Funds of the Central Universities of China(No.N162503003)
文摘Blast furnace （BF） ironmaking is dominant for reducing pollution emission and energy consumption in iron and steel industry, Under the increasingly strict environmental pressure, some innovative tech nologies of BF ironmaking for environmental protection have been developed and applied in actual op- erating facilities. The current state of BF ironmaking in Europe, America, Japan, and China were briefly overviewed. Moreover, some innovative BF ironmaking technologies aiming at environmental harmony and operation intellectualization in the world, such as waste gas recycling sintering, BF op eration with coke oven gas injection, ferro coke, lime coating coke, BF visualization and intellectuali zation, were roundly summarized. Finally, some discussion on the technologies was carried out and the development trends of BF ironmaking were pointed out. The review could provide references and supports for the progress of environment friendly technologies of BF ironmaking, thereby promoting their practical applications and achieving sustainable development of BF ironmaking, especially for Chinese ironmaking industry.
基金Supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project(2016ZX05010,2016ZX05023).
文摘Through a comprehensive review of the development status of workover technology of PetroChina Company Limited(PetroChina), this paper presents the connotation of workover operation under the background of the new era, the latest progress of workover operation in the respects of equipment, tools, technology and the construction of information and standardization. The gaps between PetroChina and foreign counterpart in workover technology are as follows: the level of automation and intellectualization of tools and equipment is relatively low, the snubbing operation in gas wells characterized by HT/HP and high H2 S is lagged behind;water plugging in the long horizontal wellbore needs to be further developed, coiled tubing and its relevant equipment for ultra-deep well operation has to be optimized;informationization, standardization and big data application of workover operation need to be started. Based on this as well as the development status of workover technology in China and the technical difficulties faced in the future, eight suggestions for future development are put forward:(1) strengthen the dynamic understanding of reservoir and improve the pertinence of workover schemes;(2) develop the general overhaul technology in a systematical way to tackle issues of seriously problematic wells;(3) put more efforts into the research of horizontal well workover operation and develop relevant technology for long horizontal section operation;(4) improve the snubbing technology and extend its applications;(5) expand the capacity of coiled tubing operation and improve the level of special operations;(6) develop automatic workover technology into the field of artificial intelligence;(7) promote clean operation in an all-round way and build green oil and gas fields;(8) perfect the informationization construction to realize the sharing of workover resources.
文摘Despite the enormous advances in our ability to understand, interpret and ultimately manage the natural world, we have reached the 21st century in awesome ignorance of what is likely to unfold in terms of both the natural changes and the human activities that affect the environment and the responses of the Earth to those stimuli. One certain fact is that the planet will be subjected to pressures hitherto unprecedented in its recent evolutionary history. The “tomorrow’s world” will not simply be an inflated version of the “today’s world”, with more people, more energy consumption and more industry, rather it will be qualitatively different from today in at least three important respects. First, new technology will transform the relationship between man and the natural world. An example is the gradual transition from agriculture that is heavily dependent on chemicals to one that is essentially biologically intensive through the application of bio-technologies. Consequently, the release of bio-engineered organisms is likely to pose new kinds of risks if the development and use of such organisms are not carefully controlled. Second, society will be moving beyond the era of localized environmental problems. What were once local incidents of natural resource impairment shared throughout a common watershed or basin, now involve many neighboring countries. What were once acute, short-lived episodes of reversible damage now affect many generations. What were once straightforward questions of conservation versus development now reflect more complex linkages. The third major change refers to climate variations. It is nowadays widely accepted that the increasing concentration of the so-called greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is altering the Earth’s radiation balance and causing the temperature to rise. This process in turn provides the context for a chain of events which leads to changes in the different components of the hydrological cycle, such as evapotranspiration rate, intensity and frequency of precipitation, river flows, soil moisture and groundwater recharge. Mankind is expected to respond to these effects by taking adaptive measures including changing patterns of land use, adopting new strategies for soil and water management and looking for non-conventional water resources (e.g. saline/brackish waters, desalinated water, and treated wastewater). All these problems will become more pronounced in the years to come, as society enters an era of increasingly complex paths towards the global economy. In this context, engineers and decision-makers need to systematically review planning principles, design criteria, operating rules, contingency plans and management policies for new infra-structures. In relation to these issues and based on available information, this report gives an overview of current and future (time horizon 2025) irrigation and food production development around the world. Moreover, the paper analyses the results of the most recent and advanced General Circulation Models for assessing the hydrological impacts of climate variability on crop requirements, water availability and the planning and design process of irrigation systems. Finally, a five-step planning and design procedure is proposed that is able to integrate, within the development process, the hydrological consequences of climate change. For researchers interested in irrigation and drainage and in crop production under changing climate conditions, references have been included, under developments in irrigation section on Page 3. Many climate action plans developed by few cities, states and various countries are cited for policy makers to follow or to make a note off. Few citations are also included in the end to educate every one of us, who are not familiar with the scientific work of our colleagues, related to global warming. The colleagues are from different areas, physics, mathematics, agricultural engineering, crop scientists and policy makers in United Nations. Most of the citation links do open, when you click on them. If it does not, copy and paste the link on any web browsers.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract No.2022YFC3104200the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province,China under contract No.2023ZLYS01+3 种基金the Consulting and Research Project of the Chinese Academy of Engineering under contract Nos 2022-XY-21,2022-DFZD-35,2023-XBZD-09 and 2021-XBZD-13the Major Innovation Special Project of Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences),Science Education Industry Integration Pilot Project under contract No.2023HYZX01Special Funds for“Mount Taishan Scholars”Construction Projectthe Special Funds of Laoshan Laboratory.
文摘In China,operational in-situ marine monitoring is the primary means of directly obtaining hydrological,meteorological,and oceanographic environmental parameters across sea areas,and it is essential for applications such as forecast of marine environment,prevention and mitigation of disaster,exploitation of marine resources,marine environmental protection,and management of transportation safety.In this paper,we summarise the composition,development courses,and present operational status of three systems of operational in-situ marine monitoring,namely coastal marine automated network station,ocean data buoy and voluntary observing ship measuring and reporting system.Additionally,we discuss the technical development in these in-situ systems and achievements in the key generic technologies along with future development trends.
文摘[Objective]The aim was to study the development and application of operation in comprehensive platform of professional meteorological station.[Method]Taking the operation platform of professional meteorological station in Yantai City as an example,and by dint of VB language and Mysql database technology,the ideas of comprehensive platform development of operation in professional meteorological station,main contents of the platform and its main functions were introduced.[Result]The platform mainly used VB language and Mysql database technology.Gathering together the forecast making,forecast inventory and check,surveillance of data uploading and machine operation and records of shifts,the interface was simple,visual and easy to handle.It reduced reporters’workload,improved their work efficiency and was the favorite of majority reporters.[Conclusion]The study provided reference for the improvement of work efficiency of each professional meteorological station.
文摘With the development of central-private enterprises integration,selecting suitable key suppliers are able to provide core components for smart complex equipment.We consider selecting suitable key suppliers from matching perspective,for it not only satisfies natural development of smart complex equipment,it is also a good implementation of equipment project in central-private enterprises integration context.In in this paper,we carry out two parts of research,one is evaluation attributes based on comprehensive analysis,and the other is matching process between key suppliers and core components based on the matching attribute.In practical analysis process,we employ comprehensive evaluated analysis methods to acquire relevant attributes for the matching process that follows.In the analysis process,we adopt entropy-maximum deviation method(MDM)-decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory(DEMATEL)-technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)to obtain a comprehensive analysis.The entropy-MDM is applied to get weight value,DEMATEL is utilized to obtain internal relations,and TOPSIS is adopted to get ideal evaluated solution.We consider aggregating two types of evaluation information according to similarities of smart complex equipment based on the combination between geometric mean and arithmetic mean.Moreover,based on the aforementioned attributes and generalized power Heronian mean operator,we aggregate preference information to acquire relevant satisfaction degree,then combine the constructed matching model to get suitable key supplier.Through comprehensive analysis of selecting suitable suppliers,we know that two-sided matching and information aggregation can provide more research perspectives for smart complex equipment.Through analysis for relevant factors,we find that leading role and service level are also significant for the smart complex equipment development process.
基金Supported by Business Management Cultivated Discipline of Rongchang Campus,Southwest University(RCQG207001)
文摘Tremendous achievements of live pig industry in China are closely related to the industrialization of the industry,and development trend of the latter is essential for maintaining sustained and stable development of animal husbandry.The paper,on the basis of defining the evolution of industrialized live pig breeding model,elaborated the industrialized operation models of live pig industry in China since 1978,i.e.household operation,large-scale operation,and industrialized operation.The external environment for the development of live pig industry was analyzed,such as global economic competition,development of experience economy,and stronger green consciousness of consumers.Then development trend of industrialized live pig breeding was analyzed as"expanding international market,consolidating domestic market,integrating resources of live pig industry for the integrated operation,promoting the industrialization model and breeding technology driven by live pig processing,applying animal welfare and the internet of things in live pig breeding industry".
基金Supported by the Stage Achievement of Social Science Fund Project of Heilongjiang Province and the Application of Technology Research(12C053)the Development Project in Heilongjiang Province(2013R0242)
文摘Developing production and operation in scales in the major grain producing areas is the direction of the paper. Seizing the opportunity of modem agriculture comprehensive reform in two plains （Songnen Plain and Sanjiang Plain） of Heilongjiang Province and supporting to build a new type of production and management based on the big grain production householding, which plays demonstration and leading roles, have an important strategic position in improving agricultural comprehensive production capacity and ensuring national food security. In this paper, based on the survey data about the big grain production households production operations and analyses of the obstacles in expansion of production in Heilongjiang Province, specific suggestions in supporting the development of the big grain production household were put forward, such as, increasing agricultural production socialized level; perfecting the service system of land transferring; improving financial policies and farmer-friendly policy measures and perfecting the agriculture socialized service system.
文摘The study of verbal behavior focuses on communicative functions of the speakers/producers as they affect the behavior of listeners/observers. Effects on the listener reinforce the speaker and the listener/observer benefits (i.e., is reinforced) from the behavior of the speaker/producer. The interlocking of, and exchange of, the speaker and listener behavior between individuals and within one’s own skin constitute bidirectional operants. These bidirectional operants are instances of social interactions and measures of social behavior. Evidence suggests that the act of listening, among other observing responses, is initially developmentally independent from speaker behavior. How they become joined parallels the biological phenomenon of metamorphosis. The succession of changes has been empirically identified as a succession of verbal behavior development cusps, which are described in their sequence biologically as a manifestation of functional metamorphosis. The onset of a cusp constitutes first instances of behavior and accompanying stimulus control that allows infants and children to contact parts of the environment for the first time resulting in their learning things impossible to learn before or learning faster. Cusps for the intercept of the speaker and listener lead to bidirectional operants and provide explanations for how children incidentally learn the names of things, become increasingly social, and make subsequent complex behavior possible. Many of the cusps identified in our research resulted from the missing behavior and stimulus control of children with autism. Once cusps were established, these children learned things they could not learn before, learned faster, and learned by contacting parts of the social environment they could not contact before. These findings led to a theory of verbal behavior development that point to the selection of bidirectional operants as behavioral phenotypes during functional metamorphosis, which has enhanced the survival of Homo sapiens through emergent symbolic skills for more effective collaboration between two or more individuals.
基金Supported by Social Science Fund Project of Hubei Province in 2016(2016106)
文摘The main body of household operation in the rural household contract responsibility system of our country has developed to the present stage,and has formed the situation that three kinds of rural households coexist,namely,ordinary rural households,major professional households and family farms. The agricultural production and operation of three kinds of household plays an important role in supporting the rapid development of modern agriculture in China. Under the new situation of deepening the rural reform and realizing the goal of well-off society in an all-round way,it is of great practical significance to make a thorough investigation and study on the present situation and approaches relating to the construction of the agricultural production and operation capacity for the three kinds of rural households.
文摘Based on the investigation and analysis of the social behavior characteristics of post-95undergraduates,this paper puts forward the principle of sharing and building e-class platform and analyzes thedevelopment of the functions of the four platforms such as the teacher-student service system,instant interactionsystem,SNS community system and vertical segmental pushing system and the realization of the function of modularoperation.Finally,in order to ensure the stable operation of the E-class platform,four measures are put forward suchas the systematic construction of the system,the innovation of team work,the assessment of key performances and thecomprehensive guarantee,thus providing an external guarantee for the stable operation of the E-class platform.
文摘Nowadays with the rapid development of society,remarkable changes have been taken place in city life.The greening construction of the city can not meet the needs of the residents for the good environment.Recently,many large and medium-sized cities across the country have stepped up investment in country park,Its construction provides a good place to alleviate the pressure of life,Short-distance leisure for the city's residents.So it is worth exploring for Gucun Park that how to attract tourists in the fierce competition.The purpose of this paper is to stand in the height of the risk management system,putting forward the corresponding standardized risk response measures,which has great significance to the sustainable operation and development in the future.
文摘In the 21st century, the South Korean government is to develop its own cultural industries, and it has achieved great results. Since the administration of President Chun Doo-hwan, it started the Korean government for the development of cultural industry that has formulated a series of policies, laws and regulations, which is the development of Korean culture industry that has played a positive role in promoting. By analyzing the current development of cultural industries in Korea, Korean culture industry can be seen with the following characteristics in the development process, ie government-led industrial policy and cultural economic and non-economic nature of double and capital, talent and technology for the development of cultural industries powered. Successful experience in development and operation of Korean culture of industry development has an important enlightenment on China＇ s cultural industry.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.71872122)Late-stage Subsidy Project of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.20JHQ095)+2 种基金Late-stage Subsidy Project of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.16JHQ031)Social Science Planning Later Project of Tianjin Province(Grant No.TJGLHQ1403)Higher Education Innovation Team of Tianjin(Grant No.TD13-5006)
文摘The quality of the existing building energy-saving renovation market determines the inherent inevitability of incentive,while unique requirements for the incentive should be satisfied by stage characteristics and individualization of the three entities of the existing building energy-saving renovation market development.Firstly,the analysis of internal and external factors’composition and system influencing the existing construction market development incentive structure was performed.Then,system dynamics was implemented to build the feedback model of incentive effects of market development of existing buildings energy-saving reconstruction.Discussions on the realization path of the incentive for the development of the existing energy-saving building market were also pointed out.Finally,this paper conducted the analysis of the dynamic feedback characteristics and key incentive factors of the incentive for the development of the existing building energy-saving renovation market.Based on the analyses and discussions above,this paper provides methodological guidance and implementation approach for the incentive path selection and policy-making of the existing building energy-saving transformation market,trying to help improve the incentive effectiveness of the market,and also promote healthy and sustainable development of the existing building energy-saving renovation market.
