Brucellosis is a global public health issue that severely affects human health,Brucella melitensis is currently the predominant species in China.Brucella spondylitis is the primary cause of the debilitating and disabl...Brucellosis is a global public health issue that severely affects human health,Brucella melitensis is currently the predominant species in China.Brucella spondylitis is the primary cause of the debilitating and disabling complications[1].The lumbar vertebra was the most commonly affected site,followed by the thoracic,cervical,thoracolumbar,and lumbosacral segments,and back pain,fever,sweating,and fatigue were the most common symptoms[2].However,the diagnosis of Brucella spondylitis is challenging owing to its wide spectrum of clinical presentations,cross-reactions with other bacteria,and low strain isolation rate.Therefore,a timely and accurate diagnosis of spinal brucellosis is crucial for implementing an effective therapeutic plan and improving treatment outcomes.Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction(ddPCR)is widely used for low-abundance nucleic acid detection and is useful for diagnosing infectious diseases[3].Therefore,this study aimed to evaluate the ddPCR approach for the diagnosis of brucellosis with spondylitis to improve its clinical diagnostic capacity.展开更多
Green development is vital for bringing about high-quality development,which makes measuring and comparing provincial green development levels essential.This study calculates the comprehensive green development scores...Green development is vital for bringing about high-quality development,which makes measuring and comparing provincial green development levels essential.This study calculates the comprehensive green development scores using panel data from 30 Chinese provinces and autonomous regions(2013-2022)and a combined subjective-objective weighting method.It also innovatively establishes a grey relational degree matrix and a grey improvement sequence to analyze provincial similarities and identify benchmarks for improvement.The results indicate that ecological and environmental protection holds the highest weight among the primary indicators.Beijing,Shanghai,Tianjin,Zhejiang,and Jiangsu lead in green development,with Shanghai,Beijing,and Tianjin exhibiting distinct development trajectories,while Guizhou and Yunnan share a similar trend.Zhejiang and Shaanxi have prominent benchmarks for improvement,while some provinces dynamically adjust their targets.The results suggest that advanced regions should further refine their green development pathways to align with their specific contexts,while less-developed regions should adaptively learn from the appropriate benchmarks and periodically reassess their strategies.This study provides scientific guidance for regional green development planning,policymaking,and benchmarking,thus contributing to sustainable regional development.Furthermore,it lays a foundation for future research to expand into broader datasets,scales,influencing factors,and policy evaluations.展开更多
Human brain development is a complex process,and animal models often have significant limitations.To address this,researchers have developed pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional structures,known as brain-li...Human brain development is a complex process,and animal models often have significant limitations.To address this,researchers have developed pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional structures,known as brain-like organoids,to more accurately model early human brain development and disease.To enable more consistent and intuitive reproduction of early brain development,in this study,we incorporated forebrain organoid culture technology into the traditional unguided method of brain organoid culture.This involved embedding organoids in matrigel for only 7 days during the rapid expansion phase of the neural epithelium and then removing them from the matrigel for further cultivation,resulting in a new type of human brain organoid system.This cerebral organoid system replicated the temporospatial characteristics of early human brain development,including neuroepithelium derivation,neural progenitor cell production and maintenance,neuron differentiation and migration,and cortical layer patterning and formation,providing more consistent and reproducible organoids for developmental modeling and toxicology testing.As a proof of concept,we applied the heavy metal cadmium to this newly improved organoid system to test whether it could be used to evaluate the neurotoxicity of environmental toxins.Brain organoids exposed to cadmium for 7 or 14 days manifested severe damage and abnormalities in their neurodevelopmental patterns,including bursts of cortical cell death and premature differentiation.Cadmium exposure caused progressive depletion of neural progenitor cells and loss of organoid integrity,accompanied by compensatory cell proliferation at ectopic locations.The convenience,flexibility,and controllability of this newly developed organoid platform make it a powerful and affordable alternative to animal models for use in neurodevelopmental,neurological,and neurotoxicological studies.展开更多
Developing deep fragmented soft coalbed methane(CBM)can significantly enhance domestic natural gas supplies,reduce reliance on imported energy,and bolster national energy security.This manuscript provides a comprehens...Developing deep fragmented soft coalbed methane(CBM)can significantly enhance domestic natural gas supplies,reduce reliance on imported energy,and bolster national energy security.This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of commonly employed coalbed methane extraction technologies.It then delves into several critical issues in the current stage of CBM exploration and development in China,including the compatibility of existing technologies with CBM reservoirs,the characteristics and occurrence states of CBM reservoirs,critical desorption pressure,and gas generation mechanisms.Our research indicates that current CBM exploration and development technologies in China have reached an internationally advanced level,yet the industry is facing unprecedented challenges.Despite progress in low-permeability,high-value coal seams,significant breakthroughs have not been achieved in exploring other types of coal seams.For different coal reservoirs,integrated extraction technologies have been developed,such as surface pre-depressurisation and segmented hydraulic fracturing of coal seam roof strata.Additionally,techniques like large-scale volume fracturing in horizontal wells have been established,significantly enhancing reservoir stimulation effects and coalbed methane recovery rates.However,all of these technologies are fundamentally based on permeation.These technologies lack direct methods aimed at enhancing the diffusion rate of CBM,thereby failing to fully reflect the unique characteristics of CBM.Current CBM exploration and development theories and technologies are not universally applicable to all coal seams.They do not adequately account for the predominantly adsorbed state of CBM,and the complex and variable gas generation mechanisms further constrain CBM development in China.Finally,continuous exploration of new deep CBM exploration technologies is necessary.Integrating more effective reservoir stimulation technologies is essential to enhance technical adaptability concerning CBM reservoir characteristics,gas occurrence states,and gas generation mechanisms,ultimately achieving efficient CBM development.We conclude that while China possesses a substantial foundation of deep fractured CBM resources,industry development is constrained and requires continuous exploration of new CBM exploration and development technologies to utilize these resources effectively.展开更多
The organotypic retinal explant culture has been established for more than a decade and offers a range of unique advantages compared with in vivo experiments and cell cultures.However,the lack of systematic and contin...The organotypic retinal explant culture has been established for more than a decade and offers a range of unique advantages compared with in vivo experiments and cell cultures.However,the lack of systematic and continuous comparison between in vivo retinal development and the organotypic retinal explant culture makes this model controversial in postnatal retinal development studies.Thus,we aimed to verify the feasibility of using this model for postnatal retinal development studies by comparing it with the in vivo retina.In this study,we showed that postnatal retinal explants undergo normal development,and exhibit a consistent structure and timeline with retinas in vivo.Initially,we used SOX2 and PAX6 immunostaining to identify retinal progenitor cells.We then examined cell proliferation and migration by immunostaining with Ki-67 and doublecortin,respectively.Ki-67-and doublecortin-positive cells decreased in both in vivo and explants during postnatal retinogenesis,and exhibited a high degree of similarity in abundance and distribution between groups.Additionally,we used Ceh-10 homeodomain-containing homolog,glutamate-ammonia ligase(glutamine synthetase),neuronal nuclei,and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 immunostaining to examine the emergence of bipolar cells,Müller glia,mature neurons,and microglia,respectively.The timing and spatial patterns of the emergence of these cell types were remarkably consistent between in vivo and explant retinas.Our study showed that the organotypic retinal explant culture model had a high degree of consistency with the progression of in vivo early postnatal retina development.The findings confirm the accuracy and credibility of this model and support its use for long-term,systematic,and continuous observation.展开更多
The reform stems from honesty and determination. Since 2005, organ donation and transplantation in China has undergone thorough reform, which complies with legislation requirements and ethical principles established b...The reform stems from honesty and determination. Since 2005, organ donation and transplantation in China has undergone thorough reform, which complies with legislation requirements and ethical principles established by the World Health Organization(WHO). Reform in China has demonstrated the unwavering confidence and utmost determination of the Chinese government and the Chinese transplantation community. The year 2015 marked a historic turning point when voluntary donations from Chinese citizens became the sole legitimate source for organ transplantation. Since 2015, China has gradually established and refined the “Chinese Mode” and “China System” for organ donation and transplantation, fulfilling its political pledge of reform, and has garnered international recognition, and fostered a social culture which promotes organ donation. This article reviewed the history of reform on organ donation and transplantation in China, presented a new pattern of establishment of organ donation system in the new era of the country, and the direction of advances in the future.展开更多
Phenanthrene(Phe)is one of the common polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the environment,and recent studies show that it can cause cardiac developmental toxicity and immunotoxicity.However,it is still unknown whether...Phenanthrene(Phe)is one of the common polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the environment,and recent studies show that it can cause cardiac developmental toxicity and immunotoxicity.However,it is still unknown whether it can affect the hematopoietic development in aquatic organisms.To address this question,zebrafish(Danio rerio)were chronically exposed to Phe at different concentrations.We found that Phe caused structural damage to the renal tubules in the kidney,induced malformed erythrocytes in peripheral blood,and decreased the proportion of myeloid cells in adult zebrafish,suggesting possible negative impacts that Phe posed to hematopoietic development.Then,using in situ hybridization technology,we found that Phe decreased the expression of primitive hematopoietic marker genes,specifically gata1 and pu.1,accompanied by an obstruction of primitive erythrocyte circulation.Furthermore,Phe impaired definitive hematopoiesis,increased aberrations of the transient hematopoietic site(PBI),and reduced the generation of hematopoietic stem cells,ultimately influencing the number of erythrocytes and myeloid cells.The findings suggested that Phe could induce hematopoietic toxicity in zebrafish embryos and pose unknown ecological risks.展开更多
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)disrupted healthcare and led to increased telehealth use.We explored the impact of COVID-19 on liver transplant evaluation(LTE).AIM To understand the impact of telehealth o...BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)disrupted healthcare and led to increased telehealth use.We explored the impact of COVID-19 on liver transplant evaluation(LTE).AIM To understand the impact of telehealth on LTE during COVID-19 and to identify disparities in outcomes disaggregated by sociodemographic factors.METHODS This was a retrospective study of patients who initiated LTE at our center from 3/16/20-3/16/21(“COVID-19 era”)and the year prior(3/16/19-3/15/20,“pre-COVID-19 era”).We compared LTE duration times between eras and explored the effects of telehealth and inpatient evaluations on LTE duration,listing,and pretransplant mortality.RESULTS One hundred and seventy-eight patients were included in the pre-COVID-19 era cohort and one hundred and ninety-nine in the COVID-19 era cohort.Twentynine percent(58/199)of COVID-19 era initial LTE were telehealth,compared to 0%(0/178)pre-COVID-19.There were more inpatient evaluations during COVID-19 era(40%vs 28%,P<0.01).Among outpatient encounters,telehealth use for initial LTE during COVID-19 era did not impact likelihood of listing,pretransplant mortality,or time to LTE and listing.Median times to LTE and listing during COVID-19 were shorter than pre-COVID-19,driven by increased inpatient evaluations.Sociodemographic factors were not predictive of telehealth.CONCLUSION COVID-19 demonstrates a shift to telehealth and inpatient LTE.Telehealth does not impact LTE or listing duration,likelihood of listing,or mortality,suggesting telehealth may facilitate LTE without negative outcomes.展开更多
Solid-state batteries are widely recognized as the next-generation energy storage devices with high specific energy,high safety,and high environmental adaptability.However,the research and development of solid-state b...Solid-state batteries are widely recognized as the next-generation energy storage devices with high specific energy,high safety,and high environmental adaptability.However,the research and development of solid-state batteries are resource-intensive and time-consuming due to their complex chemical environment,rendering performance prediction arduous and delaying large-scale industrialization.Artificial intelligence serves as an accelerator for solid-state battery development by enabling efficient material screening and performance prediction.This review will systematically examine how the latest progress in using machine learning(ML)algorithms can be used to mine extensive material databases and accelerate the discovery of high-performance cathode,anode,and electrolyte materials suitable for solid-state batteries.Furthermore,the use of ML technology to accurately estimate and predict key performance indicators in the solid-state battery management system will be discussed,among which are state of charge,state of health,remaining useful life,and battery capacity.Finally,we will summarize the main challenges encountered in the current research,such as data quality issues and poor code portability,and propose possible solutions and development paths.These will provide clear guidance for future research and technological reiteration.展开更多
The leucine-rich repeat(LRR)protein family is involved in a variety of fundamental metabolic and signaling processes in plants,including growth and defense responses.LRR proteins can be divided into two categories:tho...The leucine-rich repeat(LRR)protein family is involved in a variety of fundamental metabolic and signaling processes in plants,including growth and defense responses.LRR proteins can be divided into two categories:those containing LRR domains along with other structural elements,which are further subdivided into five groups,LRR receptor-like kinases,LRR receptor-like proteins,nucleotide-binding site LRR proteins,LRR-extensin proteins,and polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins,and those containing only LRR domains.Functionally,various LRR proteins are primarily involved in plant development and responses to environmental stress.Notably,the LRR protein family plays a central role in signal transduction pathways related to stress adaptation.In this review,we classify and analyze the functions of LRR proteins in plants.While extensive research has been conducted on the roles of LRR proteins in disease resistance signaling,these proteins also play important roles in abiotic stress responses.This review highlights recent advances in understanding how LRR proteins mediate responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.Building upon these insights,further exploration of the roles of LRR proteins in abiotic stress resistance may aid efforts to develop rice varieties with enhanced stress and disease tolerance.展开更多
Investigations into rail corrugation within metro systems have traditionally focused on specific mechanisms,thereby limiting the generalizability of proposed theories.Understanding the commonalities in rail corrugatio...Investigations into rail corrugation within metro systems have traditionally focused on specific mechanisms,thereby limiting the generalizability of proposed theories.Understanding the commonalities in rail corrugation across diverse metro lines remains pivotal for elucidating its underlying mechanisms.The present study conducted extensive field surveys and tracking tests across 14 Chinese metro lines.By employing t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding(t-SNE)for dimensional reduction and employing the unsupervised clustering algorithm DBSCAN,the research redefines the classification of metro rail corrugation based on characteristic information.The analysis encompassed spatial distribution and temporal evolution of this phenomenon.Findings revealed that floating slab tracks exhibited the highest proportion of rail corrugation at 47%.Notably,ordinary monolithic bed tracks employing damping fasteners were more prone to inducing rail corrugation.Corrugation primarily manifested in curve sections with radii between 300 and 500 m,featuring ordinary monolithic bed track and steel-spring floating slab track structures,with wavelengths typically between 30 and 120 mm.Stick–slip vibrations of the wheel–rail system maybe led to short-wavelength corrugations(40–60 mm),while longer wavelengths(200–300 mm)exhibited distinct fatigue damage characteristics,mainly observed in steel-spring floating slab tracks and small-radius curve sections of ordinary monolithic bed tracks and ladder sleeper tracks.A classification system comprising 57 correlated features categorized metro rail corrugation into four distinct types.These research outcomes serve as critical benchmarks for validating various theories pertaining to rail corrugation formation.展开更多
This study investigates the coordination between regional economic growth and ecological sustainability within the context of high-quality town economy development.To address the challenges of balancing economic expan...This study investigates the coordination between regional economic growth and ecological sustainability within the context of high-quality town economy development.To address the challenges of balancing economic expansion with environmental protection,a comprehensive evaluation index system is constructed,encompassing two key dimensions:regional economy and ecological environment.Using panel data from 2013 to 2022,the coupling coordination degree model is employed to quantify the interactions and synergy between these dimensions.Additionally,spatial econometric methods are applied to calculate both global and local Moran’s Index,revealing spatial clustering patterns,regional disparities,and heterogeneity.The relative development model further identifies critical factors influencing regional coordination,with a focus on the lagging development of basic infrastructure and public services.The findings demonstrate a positive temporal trend toward improved regional coordination and reduced development gaps,with a spatial pattern characterized by higher coupling degrees in eastern and central regions compared to western areas.Based on these results,this study proposes actionable strategies to enhance coordinated development,emphasizing ecological conservation,the establishment of green production and consumption systems,ecological restoration,and strengthened municipal collaboration.This revised abstract emphasizes the study’s purpose,methods,and key findings more clearly while maintaining a professional and concise tone.Finally,based on the above analysis results,the corresponding coordinated development suggestions of regional economy and ecological environment are given from the aspects of ecological environment protection measures,green production and consumption system construction,ecological environment restoration and municipal coordination.展开更多
Subgrade engineering is a fundamental aspect of infrastructure construction in China.As the primary structural element responsible for bearing and distributing traffic loads,the subgrade must not only withstand the su...Subgrade engineering is a fundamental aspect of infrastructure construction in China.As the primary structural element responsible for bearing and distributing traffic loads,the subgrade must not only withstand the substantial pressures exerted by vehicles,trains,and other forms of transportation,but also efficiently transfer these loads to the underlying foundation,ensuring the stability and longevity of the roadway.In recent years,advancements in subgrade engineering technology have propelled the industry towards smarter,greener,and more sustainable practices,particularly in the areas of intelligent monitoring,disaster management,and innovative construction methods.This paper reviews the application and methodologies of intelligent testing equipment,including cone penetration testing(CPT)devices,soil resistivity testers,and intelligent rebound testers,in subgrade engineering.It examines the operating principles,advantages,limitations,and application ranges of these tools in subgrade testing.Additionally,the paper evaluates the practical use of advanced equipment from both domestic and international perspectives,addressing the challenges encountered by various instruments in realworld applications.These devices enable precise,comprehensive testing and evaluation of subgrade conditions at different stages,providing real-time data analysis and intelligent early warnings.This supports effective subgrade health management and maintenance.As intelligent technologies continue to evolve and integrate,these tools will increasingly enhance the accuracy,efficiency,and sustainability of subgrade monitoring.展开更多
In eukaryotic cells,organelles in the secretory,lysosomal,and endocytic pathways actively exchange biological materials with each other through intracellular membrane trafficking,which is the process of transporting t...In eukaryotic cells,organelles in the secretory,lysosomal,and endocytic pathways actively exchange biological materials with each other through intracellular membrane trafficking,which is the process of transporting the cargo of proteins,lipids,and other molecules to appropriate compartments via transport vesicles or intermediates.These processes are strictly regulated by various small GTPases such as the RAS-like in rat brain(RAB)protein family,which is the largest subfamily of the RAS superfamily.Dysfunction of membrane trafficking affects tissue homeostasis and leads to a wide range of diseases,including neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.Therefore,it is important to understand the physiological and pathological roles of RAB proteins in brain function.RAB35,a member of the RAB family,is an evolutionarily conserved protein in metazoans.A wide range of studies using cultured mammalian cells and model organisms have revealed that RAB35 mediates various processes such as cytokinesis,endocytic recycling,actin bundling,and cell migration.RAB35 is also involved in neurite outgrowth and turnover of synaptic vesicles.We generated brain-specific Rab35 knockout mice to study the physiological roles of RAB35 in brain development and function.These mice exhibited defects in anxiety-related behaviors and spatial memory.Strikingly,RAB35 is required for the precise positioning of pyramidal neurons during hippocampal development,and thereby for normal hippocampal lamination.In contrast,layer formation in the cerebral cortex occurred superficially,even in the absence of RAB35,suggesting a predominant role for RAB35 in hippocampal development rather than in cerebral cortex development.Recent studies have suggested an association between RAB35 and neurodegenerative diseases,including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.In this review,we provide an overview of the current understanding of subcellular functions of RAB35.We also provide insights into the physiological role of RAB35 in mammalian brain development and function,and discuss the involvement of RAB35 dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
China has abundant resources of hot dry rocks.However,due to the fact that the evaluation methods for favorable areas are mainly qualitative,and the evaluation indicators and standards are inconsistent,which restrict ...China has abundant resources of hot dry rocks.However,due to the fact that the evaluation methods for favorable areas are mainly qualitative,and the evaluation indicators and standards are inconsistent,which restrict the evaluation efficiency and exploration process of dry hot rocks.This paper is based on the understanding of the geologic features and genesis mechanisms of hot dry rocks in China and abroad.By integrating the main controlling factors of hot dry rock formation,and using index grading and quantification,the fuzzy hierarchical comprehensive method is applied to establish an evaluation system and standards for favorable areas of hot dry rocks.The evaluation system is based on four indicators:heat source,thermal channel,thermal reservoir and cap rock.It includes 11 evaluation parameters,including time of magmatic/volcanic activity,depth of molten mass or magma chamber,distribution of discordogenic faults,burial depth of thermal reservoir,cap rock type and thickness,surface thermal anomaly,heat flow,geothermal gradient,Moho depth,Curie depth,Earthquake magnitude and focal depth.Each parameter is divided into 3 levels.Applying this evaluation system to assess hot dry rock in central Inner Mongolia revealed that Class I favorable zones cover approximately 494 km^(2),while Class II favorable zones span about 5.7×10^(4) km^(2).The Jirgalangtu Sag and Honghaershute Sag in the Erlian Basin,along with Reshuitang Town in Keshiketeng Banner,Reshui Town in Ningcheng County,and Reshuitang Town in Aohan Banner of Chifeng City,are identified as Class I favorable zones for hot dry rock resources.These areas are characterized by high-temperature subsurface molten bodies or magma chambers serving as high-quality heat sources,shallow thermal reservoir depths,and overlying thick sedimentary rock layers acting as caprock.The establishment and application of the evaluation system for favorable areas of hot dry rock are expected to provide new approaches and scientific basis for guiding the practice of selecting hot dry rock areas in China.展开更多
Sensors are the source of information technology and the first unit of intelligent systems,providing real-world"data"for artificial intelligence.They play a crucial role in various aspects of the national ec...Sensors are the source of information technology and the first unit of intelligent systems,providing real-world"data"for artificial intelligence.They play a crucial role in various aspects of the national economy and the people's livelihood,such as national defense security and the development of new quality productive forces.This paper provides a comprehensive survey of how sensors should adapt to the current upsurge of artificial intelligence,analyzing their technical connotations,application characteristics,and inherent limitations.Furthermore,with a sensor-oriented mindset,it is proposed that sensors will dominate information technology,upgrade connotations,advance ubiquitous bionic intelligence and engage in a"symbiotic dance"with artificial intelligence.This overview provides a promising direction for the higher-level development of sensors and artificial intelligence.展开更多
In the area of reservoir engineering,the optimization of oil and gas production is a complex task involving a myriad of interconnected decision variables shaping the production system's infrastructure.Traditionall...In the area of reservoir engineering,the optimization of oil and gas production is a complex task involving a myriad of interconnected decision variables shaping the production system's infrastructure.Traditionally,this optimization process was centered on a single objective,such as net present value,return on investment,cumulative oil production,or cumulative water production.However,the inherent complexity of reservoir exploration necessitates a departure from this single-objective approach.Mul-tiple conflicting production and economic indicators must now be considered to enable more precise and robust decision-making.In response to this challenge,researchers have embarked on a journey to explore field development optimization of multiple conflicting criteria,employing the formidable tools of multi-objective optimization algorithms.These algorithms delve into the intricate terrain of production strategy design,seeking to strike a delicate balance between the often-contrasting objectives.Over the years,a plethora of these algorithms have emerged,ranging from a priori methods to a posteriori approach,each offering unique insights and capabilities.This survey endeavors to encapsulate,catego-rize,and scrutinize these invaluable contributions to field development optimization,which grapple with the complexities of multiple conflicting objective functions.Beyond the overview of existing methodologies,we delve into the persisting challenges faced by researchers and practitioners alike.Notably,the application of multi-objective optimization techniques to production optimization is hin-dered by the resource-intensive nature of reservoir simulation,especially when confronted with inherent uncertainties.As a result of this survey,emerging opportunities have been identified that will serve as catalysts for pivotal research endeavors in the future.As intelligent and more efficient algo-rithms continue to evolve,the potential for addressing hitherto insurmountable field development optimization obstacles becomes increasingly viable.This discussion on future prospects aims to inspire critical research,guiding the way toward innovative solutions in the ever-evolving landscape of oil and gas production optimization.展开更多
Background:People working outdoors in the Map Ta Phut pollution control area of Thailand require comprehen-sive health monitoring.In the past,studies have been done on the health effects of pollutants.However,there ar...Background:People working outdoors in the Map Ta Phut pollution control area of Thailand require comprehen-sive health monitoring.In the past,studies have been done on the health effects of pollutants.However,there are few studies on musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs),and Thailand is struggling to meet the Sustainable Development Goals.Methods:This cross-sectional study examines access to health services and factors affecting MSDs among outdoor pollution workers(OPWs).The sample group includes OPWs,including local fisherman,street vendors,public car drivers,and traffic police.We studied 50 people from each of these groups,for a total of 200 people.Data were analyzed with inferential statistics using Chi-square test,McNemar test,and Univariate logistic regression.Results:The OPWs reported experiencing significantly more total MSDs pain than they did in the past(P<0.05).Factors affecting current MSDs pain,including occupation and working days per week,were significant(P<0.05).The street vendor group and public car driver group had(odds ratio[OR]=2.253,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.101 to 5.019)and(OR=2.681,95%CI:1.191 to 6.032)times higher risks of MSDs pain,respectively.OPWs who work>5 days per week had a(OR=1.464,95%CI:1.093 to 2.704)times higher risk of MSDs pain.52.7%of OPWs with MSDs,pain(n=110)had received an annual health check-up.In the past year,50.9%had minor illnesses and 21.8%had severe illnesses.OPWs receiving free treatment and visiting health service stations for no cost comprised 77.3%and 51.8%,respectively.60.9%used their right to receive treatment with universal health insurance cards.Conclusions:The study indicates that occupational groups with MSDs pain problems should exercise this right,according to the worker protection law.Local health agencies should organize activities or create accessible media to promote preventive medicine services,as many OPWs believe that health services can only be accessed when illness occurs.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the 10-year therapeutic efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)using the Strengthening Spleen and Draining Dampness therapy in the management of idiopathic membranous nephropathy(IMN).METHO...OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the 10-year therapeutic efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)using the Strengthening Spleen and Draining Dampness therapy in the management of idiopathic membranous nephropathy(IMN).METHODS:A single-center,retrospective analysis was conducted on patients diagnosed with IMN who met predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.Data were collected from the Department of Nephrology at Longhua Hospital,affiliated with Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,between January 2007 and December 2011.Clinical parameters including 24-h urinary protein,serum albumin,serum creatinine,and estimated glomerular filtration rate(e GFR,EPI)were assessed at baseline and at 1,3,5,and 10 years of follow-up.The efficacy of the Strengthening Spleen and Draining Dampness therapy was analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance(ANOVA).Kaplan-Meier survival curves and multivariate proportional hazards model(Cox regression models)were employed to identify factors associated with treatment outcomes.RESULTS:A total of 265 patients were included,with a median follow-up duration of 96 months(36,122).TCM treatment significantly reduced 24-h urinary protein levels(P<0.001),and increased serum albumin levels(P<0.001),while serum creatinine remained stable(P=0.187).Remission rates at 1,3,5,and 10 years were 52.81%,69.71%,68.39%,and 72.36%,respectively,and the rates of avoiding composite outcome events at the same intervals were 98.27%,94.29%,94.19%,and 93.50%.In the subgroup receiving TCM only,remission rates were 56.67%,84.44%,76.32%,and 82.86%.For patients treated initially with Western Medicine followed by TCM,the rates were 52.83%,65.85%,67.47%and 67.75%.In the cohort of patients who received TCM as their first-line therapy,remission rates were 49.23%,62.50%,61.76%,and 69.23%.Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the duration of TCM treatment[hazard ratio(HR)=0.826,95%confidence interval(CI)(0.779,0.876),P<0.001],presence of hypertension[HR=1.912,95%CI(1.181,3.094),P=0.008],baseline serum albumin level[HR=0.930,95%CI(0.894,0.969),P<0.001],and the rate of serum albumin increase within the first year of treatment[HR=0.930,95%CI(0.909,0.957),P<0.001]were significantly associated with clinical outcomes.CONCLUSION:The Strengthening Spleen and Draining Dampness therapy demonstrated robust short-and longterm efficacy in treating IMN,with high rates of remission and renal survival over 10 years.Key factors influencing clinical remission included the duration of TCM treatment,baseline serum albumin levels,the presence of hypertension,and the rate of increase in serum albumin within the first year.These findings suggest that this TCM approach provides a viable long-term treatment option for IMN.展开更多
We propose an integrated method of data-driven and mechanism models for well logging formation evaluation,explicitly focusing on predicting reservoir parameters,such as porosity and water saturation.Accurately interpr...We propose an integrated method of data-driven and mechanism models for well logging formation evaluation,explicitly focusing on predicting reservoir parameters,such as porosity and water saturation.Accurately interpreting these parameters is crucial for effectively exploring and developing oil and gas.However,with the increasing complexity of geological conditions in this industry,there is a growing demand for improved accuracy in reservoir parameter prediction,leading to higher costs associated with manual interpretation.The conventional logging interpretation methods rely on empirical relationships between logging data and reservoir parameters,which suffer from low interpretation efficiency,intense subjectivity,and suitability for ideal conditions.The application of artificial intelligence in the interpretation of logging data provides a new solution to the problems existing in traditional methods.It is expected to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the interpretation.If large and high-quality datasets exist,data-driven models can reveal relationships of arbitrary complexity.Nevertheless,constructing sufficiently large logging datasets with reliable labels remains challenging,making it difficult to apply data-driven models effectively in logging data interpretation.Furthermore,data-driven models often act as“black boxes”without explaining their predictions or ensuring compliance with primary physical constraints.This paper proposes a machine learning method with strong physical constraints by integrating mechanism and data-driven models.Prior knowledge of logging data interpretation is embedded into machine learning regarding network structure,loss function,and optimization algorithm.We employ the Physically Informed Auto-Encoder(PIAE)to predict porosity and water saturation,which can be trained without labeled reservoir parameters using self-supervised learning techniques.This approach effectively achieves automated interpretation and facilitates generalization across diverse datasets.展开更多
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Projects of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(Grant no.2022BEG03161)。
文摘Brucellosis is a global public health issue that severely affects human health,Brucella melitensis is currently the predominant species in China.Brucella spondylitis is the primary cause of the debilitating and disabling complications[1].The lumbar vertebra was the most commonly affected site,followed by the thoracic,cervical,thoracolumbar,and lumbosacral segments,and back pain,fever,sweating,and fatigue were the most common symptoms[2].However,the diagnosis of Brucella spondylitis is challenging owing to its wide spectrum of clinical presentations,cross-reactions with other bacteria,and low strain isolation rate.Therefore,a timely and accurate diagnosis of spinal brucellosis is crucial for implementing an effective therapeutic plan and improving treatment outcomes.Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction(ddPCR)is widely used for low-abundance nucleic acid detection and is useful for diagnosing infectious diseases[3].Therefore,this study aimed to evaluate the ddPCR approach for the diagnosis of brucellosis with spondylitis to improve its clinical diagnostic capacity.
文摘Green development is vital for bringing about high-quality development,which makes measuring and comparing provincial green development levels essential.This study calculates the comprehensive green development scores using panel data from 30 Chinese provinces and autonomous regions(2013-2022)and a combined subjective-objective weighting method.It also innovatively establishes a grey relational degree matrix and a grey improvement sequence to analyze provincial similarities and identify benchmarks for improvement.The results indicate that ecological and environmental protection holds the highest weight among the primary indicators.Beijing,Shanghai,Tianjin,Zhejiang,and Jiangsu lead in green development,with Shanghai,Beijing,and Tianjin exhibiting distinct development trajectories,while Guizhou and Yunnan share a similar trend.Zhejiang and Shaanxi have prominent benchmarks for improvement,while some provinces dynamically adjust their targets.The results suggest that advanced regions should further refine their green development pathways to align with their specific contexts,while less-developed regions should adaptively learn from the appropriate benchmarks and periodically reassess their strategies.This study provides scientific guidance for regional green development planning,policymaking,and benchmarking,thus contributing to sustainable regional development.Furthermore,it lays a foundation for future research to expand into broader datasets,scales,influencing factors,and policy evaluations.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China,No.2019YFA0110300(to ZG)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81773302(to YF),32070862(to ZG).
文摘Human brain development is a complex process,and animal models often have significant limitations.To address this,researchers have developed pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional structures,known as brain-like organoids,to more accurately model early human brain development and disease.To enable more consistent and intuitive reproduction of early brain development,in this study,we incorporated forebrain organoid culture technology into the traditional unguided method of brain organoid culture.This involved embedding organoids in matrigel for only 7 days during the rapid expansion phase of the neural epithelium and then removing them from the matrigel for further cultivation,resulting in a new type of human brain organoid system.This cerebral organoid system replicated the temporospatial characteristics of early human brain development,including neuroepithelium derivation,neural progenitor cell production and maintenance,neuron differentiation and migration,and cortical layer patterning and formation,providing more consistent and reproducible organoids for developmental modeling and toxicology testing.As a proof of concept,we applied the heavy metal cadmium to this newly improved organoid system to test whether it could be used to evaluate the neurotoxicity of environmental toxins.Brain organoids exposed to cadmium for 7 or 14 days manifested severe damage and abnormalities in their neurodevelopmental patterns,including bursts of cortical cell death and premature differentiation.Cadmium exposure caused progressive depletion of neural progenitor cells and loss of organoid integrity,accompanied by compensatory cell proliferation at ectopic locations.The convenience,flexibility,and controllability of this newly developed organoid platform make it a powerful and affordable alternative to animal models for use in neurodevelopmental,neurological,and neurotoxicological studies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52074045,52274074)the Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Chongqing(CSTB2022NSCQ-JQX0028).
文摘Developing deep fragmented soft coalbed methane(CBM)can significantly enhance domestic natural gas supplies,reduce reliance on imported energy,and bolster national energy security.This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of commonly employed coalbed methane extraction technologies.It then delves into several critical issues in the current stage of CBM exploration and development in China,including the compatibility of existing technologies with CBM reservoirs,the characteristics and occurrence states of CBM reservoirs,critical desorption pressure,and gas generation mechanisms.Our research indicates that current CBM exploration and development technologies in China have reached an internationally advanced level,yet the industry is facing unprecedented challenges.Despite progress in low-permeability,high-value coal seams,significant breakthroughs have not been achieved in exploring other types of coal seams.For different coal reservoirs,integrated extraction technologies have been developed,such as surface pre-depressurisation and segmented hydraulic fracturing of coal seam roof strata.Additionally,techniques like large-scale volume fracturing in horizontal wells have been established,significantly enhancing reservoir stimulation effects and coalbed methane recovery rates.However,all of these technologies are fundamentally based on permeation.These technologies lack direct methods aimed at enhancing the diffusion rate of CBM,thereby failing to fully reflect the unique characteristics of CBM.Current CBM exploration and development theories and technologies are not universally applicable to all coal seams.They do not adequately account for the predominantly adsorbed state of CBM,and the complex and variable gas generation mechanisms further constrain CBM development in China.Finally,continuous exploration of new deep CBM exploration technologies is necessary.Integrating more effective reservoir stimulation technologies is essential to enhance technical adaptability concerning CBM reservoir characteristics,gas occurrence states,and gas generation mechanisms,ultimately achieving efficient CBM development.We conclude that while China possesses a substantial foundation of deep fractured CBM resources,industry development is constrained and requires continuous exploration of new CBM exploration and development technologies to utilize these resources effectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81901156(to ZZ),82271200(to ZZ),82171308(to XC)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,No.xzy012022035(to ZZ)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province,Nos.2021JM-261(to QK),2023-YBSF-303(to ZZ)Traditional Chinese Medicine Project of Shaanxi Province,No.2019-ZZ-JC047(to QK)。
文摘The organotypic retinal explant culture has been established for more than a decade and offers a range of unique advantages compared with in vivo experiments and cell cultures.However,the lack of systematic and continuous comparison between in vivo retinal development and the organotypic retinal explant culture makes this model controversial in postnatal retinal development studies.Thus,we aimed to verify the feasibility of using this model for postnatal retinal development studies by comparing it with the in vivo retina.In this study,we showed that postnatal retinal explants undergo normal development,and exhibit a consistent structure and timeline with retinas in vivo.Initially,we used SOX2 and PAX6 immunostaining to identify retinal progenitor cells.We then examined cell proliferation and migration by immunostaining with Ki-67 and doublecortin,respectively.Ki-67-and doublecortin-positive cells decreased in both in vivo and explants during postnatal retinogenesis,and exhibited a high degree of similarity in abundance and distribution between groups.Additionally,we used Ceh-10 homeodomain-containing homolog,glutamate-ammonia ligase(glutamine synthetase),neuronal nuclei,and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 immunostaining to examine the emergence of bipolar cells,Müller glia,mature neurons,and microglia,respectively.The timing and spatial patterns of the emergence of these cell types were remarkably consistent between in vivo and explant retinas.Our study showed that the organotypic retinal explant culture model had a high degree of consistency with the progression of in vivo early postnatal retina development.The findings confirm the accuracy and credibility of this model and support its use for long-term,systematic,and continuous observation.
文摘The reform stems from honesty and determination. Since 2005, organ donation and transplantation in China has undergone thorough reform, which complies with legislation requirements and ethical principles established by the World Health Organization(WHO). Reform in China has demonstrated the unwavering confidence and utmost determination of the Chinese government and the Chinese transplantation community. The year 2015 marked a historic turning point when voluntary donations from Chinese citizens became the sole legitimate source for organ transplantation. Since 2015, China has gradually established and refined the “Chinese Mode” and “China System” for organ donation and transplantation, fulfilling its political pledge of reform, and has garnered international recognition, and fostered a social culture which promotes organ donation. This article reviewed the history of reform on organ donation and transplantation in China, presented a new pattern of establishment of organ donation system in the new era of the country, and the direction of advances in the future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22276117 and 22076108)the Science and Technology Innovation Talent Team Project of Shanxi Province(No.202204051002024).
文摘Phenanthrene(Phe)is one of the common polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the environment,and recent studies show that it can cause cardiac developmental toxicity and immunotoxicity.However,it is still unknown whether it can affect the hematopoietic development in aquatic organisms.To address this question,zebrafish(Danio rerio)were chronically exposed to Phe at different concentrations.We found that Phe caused structural damage to the renal tubules in the kidney,induced malformed erythrocytes in peripheral blood,and decreased the proportion of myeloid cells in adult zebrafish,suggesting possible negative impacts that Phe posed to hematopoietic development.Then,using in situ hybridization technology,we found that Phe decreased the expression of primitive hematopoietic marker genes,specifically gata1 and pu.1,accompanied by an obstruction of primitive erythrocyte circulation.Furthermore,Phe impaired definitive hematopoiesis,increased aberrations of the transient hematopoietic site(PBI),and reduced the generation of hematopoietic stem cells,ultimately influencing the number of erythrocytes and myeloid cells.The findings suggested that Phe could induce hematopoietic toxicity in zebrafish embryos and pose unknown ecological risks.
文摘BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)disrupted healthcare and led to increased telehealth use.We explored the impact of COVID-19 on liver transplant evaluation(LTE).AIM To understand the impact of telehealth on LTE during COVID-19 and to identify disparities in outcomes disaggregated by sociodemographic factors.METHODS This was a retrospective study of patients who initiated LTE at our center from 3/16/20-3/16/21(“COVID-19 era”)and the year prior(3/16/19-3/15/20,“pre-COVID-19 era”).We compared LTE duration times between eras and explored the effects of telehealth and inpatient evaluations on LTE duration,listing,and pretransplant mortality.RESULTS One hundred and seventy-eight patients were included in the pre-COVID-19 era cohort and one hundred and ninety-nine in the COVID-19 era cohort.Twentynine percent(58/199)of COVID-19 era initial LTE were telehealth,compared to 0%(0/178)pre-COVID-19.There were more inpatient evaluations during COVID-19 era(40%vs 28%,P<0.01).Among outpatient encounters,telehealth use for initial LTE during COVID-19 era did not impact likelihood of listing,pretransplant mortality,or time to LTE and listing.Median times to LTE and listing during COVID-19 were shorter than pre-COVID-19,driven by increased inpatient evaluations.Sociodemographic factors were not predictive of telehealth.CONCLUSION COVID-19 demonstrates a shift to telehealth and inpatient LTE.Telehealth does not impact LTE or listing duration,likelihood of listing,or mortality,suggesting telehealth may facilitate LTE without negative outcomes.
基金the National Key Research Program of China under granted No.92164201National Natural Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholars No.62325403+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20230498)Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(2024ZB427)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62304147).
文摘Solid-state batteries are widely recognized as the next-generation energy storage devices with high specific energy,high safety,and high environmental adaptability.However,the research and development of solid-state batteries are resource-intensive and time-consuming due to their complex chemical environment,rendering performance prediction arduous and delaying large-scale industrialization.Artificial intelligence serves as an accelerator for solid-state battery development by enabling efficient material screening and performance prediction.This review will systematically examine how the latest progress in using machine learning(ML)algorithms can be used to mine extensive material databases and accelerate the discovery of high-performance cathode,anode,and electrolyte materials suitable for solid-state batteries.Furthermore,the use of ML technology to accurately estimate and predict key performance indicators in the solid-state battery management system will be discussed,among which are state of charge,state of health,remaining useful life,and battery capacity.Finally,we will summarize the main challenges encountered in the current research,such as data quality issues and poor code portability,and propose possible solutions and development paths.These will provide clear guidance for future research and technological reiteration.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32072048 and U2004204)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFF1001200)+2 种基金China Rice Research Institute Basal Research Fund(Grant No.CPSIBRF-CNRRI-202404)Academician Workstation of National Nanfan Research Institute(Sanya),Chinese Agricultural Academic Science(CAAS),(Grant Nos.YBXM2422 and YBXM2423)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of CAAS,China.
文摘The leucine-rich repeat(LRR)protein family is involved in a variety of fundamental metabolic and signaling processes in plants,including growth and defense responses.LRR proteins can be divided into two categories:those containing LRR domains along with other structural elements,which are further subdivided into five groups,LRR receptor-like kinases,LRR receptor-like proteins,nucleotide-binding site LRR proteins,LRR-extensin proteins,and polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins,and those containing only LRR domains.Functionally,various LRR proteins are primarily involved in plant development and responses to environmental stress.Notably,the LRR protein family plays a central role in signal transduction pathways related to stress adaptation.In this review,we classify and analyze the functions of LRR proteins in plants.While extensive research has been conducted on the roles of LRR proteins in disease resistance signaling,these proteins also play important roles in abiotic stress responses.This review highlights recent advances in understanding how LRR proteins mediate responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.Building upon these insights,further exploration of the roles of LRR proteins in abiotic stress resistance may aid efforts to develop rice varieties with enhanced stress and disease tolerance.
基金support extended by the Joint Funds of Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation and Fengtai Rail Transit Frontier Research(Grant No.L211006)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Science and technology leading talent team project,Grant No.2022JBXT010)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2023YJS052)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52308426)。
文摘Investigations into rail corrugation within metro systems have traditionally focused on specific mechanisms,thereby limiting the generalizability of proposed theories.Understanding the commonalities in rail corrugation across diverse metro lines remains pivotal for elucidating its underlying mechanisms.The present study conducted extensive field surveys and tracking tests across 14 Chinese metro lines.By employing t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding(t-SNE)for dimensional reduction and employing the unsupervised clustering algorithm DBSCAN,the research redefines the classification of metro rail corrugation based on characteristic information.The analysis encompassed spatial distribution and temporal evolution of this phenomenon.Findings revealed that floating slab tracks exhibited the highest proportion of rail corrugation at 47%.Notably,ordinary monolithic bed tracks employing damping fasteners were more prone to inducing rail corrugation.Corrugation primarily manifested in curve sections with radii between 300 and 500 m,featuring ordinary monolithic bed track and steel-spring floating slab track structures,with wavelengths typically between 30 and 120 mm.Stick–slip vibrations of the wheel–rail system maybe led to short-wavelength corrugations(40–60 mm),while longer wavelengths(200–300 mm)exhibited distinct fatigue damage characteristics,mainly observed in steel-spring floating slab tracks and small-radius curve sections of ordinary monolithic bed tracks and ladder sleeper tracks.A classification system comprising 57 correlated features categorized metro rail corrugation into four distinct types.These research outcomes serve as critical benchmarks for validating various theories pertaining to rail corrugation formation.
基金support from Guangdong Science and Technology(20230505)Guangdong Provincial Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project(GD20SQ25)Guangdong Provincial Special Fund for Science and Technology Innovation Strategy in 2024(Cultivation of College Students’Science and Technology Innovation)(pdjh2024a391)during preparation of this manuscript.
文摘This study investigates the coordination between regional economic growth and ecological sustainability within the context of high-quality town economy development.To address the challenges of balancing economic expansion with environmental protection,a comprehensive evaluation index system is constructed,encompassing two key dimensions:regional economy and ecological environment.Using panel data from 2013 to 2022,the coupling coordination degree model is employed to quantify the interactions and synergy between these dimensions.Additionally,spatial econometric methods are applied to calculate both global and local Moran’s Index,revealing spatial clustering patterns,regional disparities,and heterogeneity.The relative development model further identifies critical factors influencing regional coordination,with a focus on the lagging development of basic infrastructure and public services.The findings demonstrate a positive temporal trend toward improved regional coordination and reduced development gaps,with a spatial pattern characterized by higher coupling degrees in eastern and central regions compared to western areas.Based on these results,this study proposes actionable strategies to enhance coordinated development,emphasizing ecological conservation,the establishment of green production and consumption systems,ecological restoration,and strengthened municipal collaboration.This revised abstract emphasizes the study’s purpose,methods,and key findings more clearly while maintaining a professional and concise tone.Finally,based on the above analysis results,the corresponding coordinated development suggestions of regional economy and ecological environment are given from the aspects of ecological environment protection measures,green production and consumption system construction,ecological environment restoration and municipal coordination.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.42225206)National Natural Science Foundation of China(42207180,42477209,42302320).
文摘Subgrade engineering is a fundamental aspect of infrastructure construction in China.As the primary structural element responsible for bearing and distributing traffic loads,the subgrade must not only withstand the substantial pressures exerted by vehicles,trains,and other forms of transportation,but also efficiently transfer these loads to the underlying foundation,ensuring the stability and longevity of the roadway.In recent years,advancements in subgrade engineering technology have propelled the industry towards smarter,greener,and more sustainable practices,particularly in the areas of intelligent monitoring,disaster management,and innovative construction methods.This paper reviews the application and methodologies of intelligent testing equipment,including cone penetration testing(CPT)devices,soil resistivity testers,and intelligent rebound testers,in subgrade engineering.It examines the operating principles,advantages,limitations,and application ranges of these tools in subgrade testing.Additionally,the paper evaluates the practical use of advanced equipment from both domestic and international perspectives,addressing the challenges encountered by various instruments in realworld applications.These devices enable precise,comprehensive testing and evaluation of subgrade conditions at different stages,providing real-time data analysis and intelligent early warnings.This supports effective subgrade health management and maintenance.As intelligent technologies continue to evolve and integrate,these tools will increasingly enhance the accuracy,efficiency,and sustainability of subgrade monitoring.
基金supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI(grant Nos.23K05678 to IM,19H05711 and 20H00466 to KS)the Joint Research Program of Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation,Gunma University(to KS)。
文摘In eukaryotic cells,organelles in the secretory,lysosomal,and endocytic pathways actively exchange biological materials with each other through intracellular membrane trafficking,which is the process of transporting the cargo of proteins,lipids,and other molecules to appropriate compartments via transport vesicles or intermediates.These processes are strictly regulated by various small GTPases such as the RAS-like in rat brain(RAB)protein family,which is the largest subfamily of the RAS superfamily.Dysfunction of membrane trafficking affects tissue homeostasis and leads to a wide range of diseases,including neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.Therefore,it is important to understand the physiological and pathological roles of RAB proteins in brain function.RAB35,a member of the RAB family,is an evolutionarily conserved protein in metazoans.A wide range of studies using cultured mammalian cells and model organisms have revealed that RAB35 mediates various processes such as cytokinesis,endocytic recycling,actin bundling,and cell migration.RAB35 is also involved in neurite outgrowth and turnover of synaptic vesicles.We generated brain-specific Rab35 knockout mice to study the physiological roles of RAB35 in brain development and function.These mice exhibited defects in anxiety-related behaviors and spatial memory.Strikingly,RAB35 is required for the precise positioning of pyramidal neurons during hippocampal development,and thereby for normal hippocampal lamination.In contrast,layer formation in the cerebral cortex occurred superficially,even in the absence of RAB35,suggesting a predominant role for RAB35 in hippocampal development rather than in cerebral cortex development.Recent studies have suggested an association between RAB35 and neurodegenerative diseases,including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.In this review,we provide an overview of the current understanding of subcellular functions of RAB35.We also provide insights into the physiological role of RAB35 in mammalian brain development and function,and discuss the involvement of RAB35 dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases.
基金Supported by PetroChina Prospective and Basic Technological Project(2022DJ5503).
文摘China has abundant resources of hot dry rocks.However,due to the fact that the evaluation methods for favorable areas are mainly qualitative,and the evaluation indicators and standards are inconsistent,which restrict the evaluation efficiency and exploration process of dry hot rocks.This paper is based on the understanding of the geologic features and genesis mechanisms of hot dry rocks in China and abroad.By integrating the main controlling factors of hot dry rock formation,and using index grading and quantification,the fuzzy hierarchical comprehensive method is applied to establish an evaluation system and standards for favorable areas of hot dry rocks.The evaluation system is based on four indicators:heat source,thermal channel,thermal reservoir and cap rock.It includes 11 evaluation parameters,including time of magmatic/volcanic activity,depth of molten mass or magma chamber,distribution of discordogenic faults,burial depth of thermal reservoir,cap rock type and thickness,surface thermal anomaly,heat flow,geothermal gradient,Moho depth,Curie depth,Earthquake magnitude and focal depth.Each parameter is divided into 3 levels.Applying this evaluation system to assess hot dry rock in central Inner Mongolia revealed that Class I favorable zones cover approximately 494 km^(2),while Class II favorable zones span about 5.7×10^(4) km^(2).The Jirgalangtu Sag and Honghaershute Sag in the Erlian Basin,along with Reshuitang Town in Keshiketeng Banner,Reshui Town in Ningcheng County,and Reshuitang Town in Aohan Banner of Chifeng City,are identified as Class I favorable zones for hot dry rock resources.These areas are characterized by high-temperature subsurface molten bodies or magma chambers serving as high-quality heat sources,shallow thermal reservoir depths,and overlying thick sedimentary rock layers acting as caprock.The establishment and application of the evaluation system for favorable areas of hot dry rock are expected to provide new approaches and scientific basis for guiding the practice of selecting hot dry rock areas in China.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52175492)Pilot Project for the Establishment of Virtual Teaching and Research Offices in Beijing's Higher Education Institutions(Grant No.4313054 and 4313055)Beijing Undergraduate Teaching Reform and Innovation Project of Higher Education(Grant No.ZF211B2002 and ZF211B2405).
文摘Sensors are the source of information technology and the first unit of intelligent systems,providing real-world"data"for artificial intelligence.They play a crucial role in various aspects of the national economy and the people's livelihood,such as national defense security and the development of new quality productive forces.This paper provides a comprehensive survey of how sensors should adapt to the current upsurge of artificial intelligence,analyzing their technical connotations,application characteristics,and inherent limitations.Furthermore,with a sensor-oriented mindset,it is proposed that sensors will dominate information technology,upgrade connotations,advance ubiquitous bionic intelligence and engage in a"symbiotic dance"with artificial intelligence.This overview provides a promising direction for the higher-level development of sensors and artificial intelligence.
基金the support of EPIC - Energy Production Innovation Center, hosted by the University of Campinas (UNICAMP) and sponsored by Equinor Brazil and FAPESP - Sao Paulo Research Foundation (2021/04878- 7 and 2017/15736-3)financed in part by the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Brasil (CAPES) - Financing Code 001
文摘In the area of reservoir engineering,the optimization of oil and gas production is a complex task involving a myriad of interconnected decision variables shaping the production system's infrastructure.Traditionally,this optimization process was centered on a single objective,such as net present value,return on investment,cumulative oil production,or cumulative water production.However,the inherent complexity of reservoir exploration necessitates a departure from this single-objective approach.Mul-tiple conflicting production and economic indicators must now be considered to enable more precise and robust decision-making.In response to this challenge,researchers have embarked on a journey to explore field development optimization of multiple conflicting criteria,employing the formidable tools of multi-objective optimization algorithms.These algorithms delve into the intricate terrain of production strategy design,seeking to strike a delicate balance between the often-contrasting objectives.Over the years,a plethora of these algorithms have emerged,ranging from a priori methods to a posteriori approach,each offering unique insights and capabilities.This survey endeavors to encapsulate,catego-rize,and scrutinize these invaluable contributions to field development optimization,which grapple with the complexities of multiple conflicting objective functions.Beyond the overview of existing methodologies,we delve into the persisting challenges faced by researchers and practitioners alike.Notably,the application of multi-objective optimization techniques to production optimization is hin-dered by the resource-intensive nature of reservoir simulation,especially when confronted with inherent uncertainties.As a result of this survey,emerging opportunities have been identified that will serve as catalysts for pivotal research endeavors in the future.As intelligent and more efficient algo-rithms continue to evolve,the potential for addressing hitherto insurmountable field development optimization obstacles becomes increasingly viable.This discussion on future prospects aims to inspire critical research,guiding the way toward innovative solutions in the ever-evolving landscape of oil and gas production optimization.
基金grant Fundamental Fund of National Science Research and Innovation Fund(NSRF)via Burapha University of Thailand(Grant number 52/2024).
文摘Background:People working outdoors in the Map Ta Phut pollution control area of Thailand require comprehen-sive health monitoring.In the past,studies have been done on the health effects of pollutants.However,there are few studies on musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs),and Thailand is struggling to meet the Sustainable Development Goals.Methods:This cross-sectional study examines access to health services and factors affecting MSDs among outdoor pollution workers(OPWs).The sample group includes OPWs,including local fisherman,street vendors,public car drivers,and traffic police.We studied 50 people from each of these groups,for a total of 200 people.Data were analyzed with inferential statistics using Chi-square test,McNemar test,and Univariate logistic regression.Results:The OPWs reported experiencing significantly more total MSDs pain than they did in the past(P<0.05).Factors affecting current MSDs pain,including occupation and working days per week,were significant(P<0.05).The street vendor group and public car driver group had(odds ratio[OR]=2.253,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.101 to 5.019)and(OR=2.681,95%CI:1.191 to 6.032)times higher risks of MSDs pain,respectively.OPWs who work>5 days per week had a(OR=1.464,95%CI:1.093 to 2.704)times higher risk of MSDs pain.52.7%of OPWs with MSDs,pain(n=110)had received an annual health check-up.In the past year,50.9%had minor illnesses and 21.8%had severe illnesses.OPWs receiving free treatment and visiting health service stations for no cost comprised 77.3%and 51.8%,respectively.60.9%used their right to receive treatment with universal health insurance cards.Conclusions:The study indicates that occupational groups with MSDs pain problems should exercise this right,according to the worker protection law.Local health agencies should organize activities or create accessible media to promote preventive medicine services,as many OPWs believe that health services can only be accessed when illness occurs.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Project,Clinical Study on the Treatment of Refractory Membranous Nephropathy with the Treatment of Strengthening Spleen and Draining Dampness in Method using Single Group Target Value Method(No.2019YFC1709403)Systematic Study on the Diagnosis and Treatment Rules of Membranous Nephropathy in Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.2023YFC35033501,No.2023YFC35033503)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the 10-year therapeutic efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)using the Strengthening Spleen and Draining Dampness therapy in the management of idiopathic membranous nephropathy(IMN).METHODS:A single-center,retrospective analysis was conducted on patients diagnosed with IMN who met predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.Data were collected from the Department of Nephrology at Longhua Hospital,affiliated with Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,between January 2007 and December 2011.Clinical parameters including 24-h urinary protein,serum albumin,serum creatinine,and estimated glomerular filtration rate(e GFR,EPI)were assessed at baseline and at 1,3,5,and 10 years of follow-up.The efficacy of the Strengthening Spleen and Draining Dampness therapy was analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance(ANOVA).Kaplan-Meier survival curves and multivariate proportional hazards model(Cox regression models)were employed to identify factors associated with treatment outcomes.RESULTS:A total of 265 patients were included,with a median follow-up duration of 96 months(36,122).TCM treatment significantly reduced 24-h urinary protein levels(P<0.001),and increased serum albumin levels(P<0.001),while serum creatinine remained stable(P=0.187).Remission rates at 1,3,5,and 10 years were 52.81%,69.71%,68.39%,and 72.36%,respectively,and the rates of avoiding composite outcome events at the same intervals were 98.27%,94.29%,94.19%,and 93.50%.In the subgroup receiving TCM only,remission rates were 56.67%,84.44%,76.32%,and 82.86%.For patients treated initially with Western Medicine followed by TCM,the rates were 52.83%,65.85%,67.47%and 67.75%.In the cohort of patients who received TCM as their first-line therapy,remission rates were 49.23%,62.50%,61.76%,and 69.23%.Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the duration of TCM treatment[hazard ratio(HR)=0.826,95%confidence interval(CI)(0.779,0.876),P<0.001],presence of hypertension[HR=1.912,95%CI(1.181,3.094),P=0.008],baseline serum albumin level[HR=0.930,95%CI(0.894,0.969),P<0.001],and the rate of serum albumin increase within the first year of treatment[HR=0.930,95%CI(0.909,0.957),P<0.001]were significantly associated with clinical outcomes.CONCLUSION:The Strengthening Spleen and Draining Dampness therapy demonstrated robust short-and longterm efficacy in treating IMN,with high rates of remission and renal survival over 10 years.Key factors influencing clinical remission included the duration of TCM treatment,baseline serum albumin levels,the presence of hypertension,and the rate of increase in serum albumin within the first year.These findings suggest that this TCM approach provides a viable long-term treatment option for IMN.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program (2019YFA0708301)National Natural Science Foundation of China (51974337)+2 种基金the Strategic Cooperation Projects of CNPC and CUPB (ZLZX2020-03)Science and Technology Innovation Fund of CNPC (2021DQ02-0403)Open Fund of Petroleum Exploration and Development Research Institute of CNPC (2022-KFKT-09)
文摘We propose an integrated method of data-driven and mechanism models for well logging formation evaluation,explicitly focusing on predicting reservoir parameters,such as porosity and water saturation.Accurately interpreting these parameters is crucial for effectively exploring and developing oil and gas.However,with the increasing complexity of geological conditions in this industry,there is a growing demand for improved accuracy in reservoir parameter prediction,leading to higher costs associated with manual interpretation.The conventional logging interpretation methods rely on empirical relationships between logging data and reservoir parameters,which suffer from low interpretation efficiency,intense subjectivity,and suitability for ideal conditions.The application of artificial intelligence in the interpretation of logging data provides a new solution to the problems existing in traditional methods.It is expected to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the interpretation.If large and high-quality datasets exist,data-driven models can reveal relationships of arbitrary complexity.Nevertheless,constructing sufficiently large logging datasets with reliable labels remains challenging,making it difficult to apply data-driven models effectively in logging data interpretation.Furthermore,data-driven models often act as“black boxes”without explaining their predictions or ensuring compliance with primary physical constraints.This paper proposes a machine learning method with strong physical constraints by integrating mechanism and data-driven models.Prior knowledge of logging data interpretation is embedded into machine learning regarding network structure,loss function,and optimization algorithm.We employ the Physically Informed Auto-Encoder(PIAE)to predict porosity and water saturation,which can be trained without labeled reservoir parameters using self-supervised learning techniques.This approach effectively achieves automated interpretation and facilitates generalization across diverse datasets.
