In recent years,Henan sticks to the points of General Secretary Xi Jinping,makes full use of its rich resources and relations,makes efforts to deepen friendship with people around the world,promotes relations with for...In recent years,Henan sticks to the points of General Secretary Xi Jinping,makes full use of its rich resources and relations,makes efforts to deepen friendship with people around the world,promotes relations with foreign countries,pushes展开更多
The basic characteristics of China ESD program is:The dual attribute of the definition of ESD;A new interpretation of the subject-oriented education theory from the perspective of sustainable development;ESD is an Imp...The basic characteristics of China ESD program is:The dual attribute of the definition of ESD;A new interpretation of the subject-oriented education theory from the perspective of sustainable development;ESD is an Important Content of strengthening morality education;the"whole?school"model has become the norm;an international cooperation and exchange platform has been actively built.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to provide a concrete innovation on how Education for Sustainable Development （ESD） is integrated into higher education using Advanced Educational Statistics as its platform. With this, ...The purpose of this study is to provide a concrete innovation on how Education for Sustainable Development （ESD） is integrated into higher education using Advanced Educational Statistics as its platform. With this, university faculty, master＇s degree students and administrators can make appropriate strategies to become globally competitive and responsive to the sustainability mantra. A successful innovation has been developed, and found to be relevant and achievable. The key ingredient of this innovation is to utilize statistics as a platform of ESD fused with Multiple intelligences （MI）, Higher-Order Thinking Skills （HOTs） and latest technology. Moreover, this paper used a descriptive-correlation design, which identified the difficulties encountered by the master＇s degree students in making their innovations; then determined the relationship between the attitudes of students toward e-portfolio and their level of fusing ESD in statistics relative to： MI, HOTs and latest technology. Multiple regression analysis was utilized to predict its relationships. This innovation is highly appropriate for multidisciplinary, international students. It connects ESD principles with practice as it enables university＇s effort to contribute to ESD. This paper is supported by the actual, students＇ output which can be found in the website （http：//statisticsforndmu.blogspot.com/）.展开更多
Open space has various implications in urban development planning and has been integrated in recent urban planning approaches and practices in Nepal.The open spaces are not only important for(re)shaping the urban form...Open space has various implications in urban development planning and has been integrated in recent urban planning approaches and practices in Nepal.The open spaces are not only important for(re)shaping the urban form but are also important for enhancing urban social life and disaster risk management,particularly for dense cities.As most of the cities in Nepal have been growing haphazardly,the cities lack sufficient open space.However,the value of open space in dense cities like Kathmandu has been recognized more after the Gorkha Earthquake 2015 as the open spaces were extensively used for risk relief,treatment,recovery,and rehabilitation during and after the earthquake.With this background,this paper presents the major planning initiatives in Nepal and discusses how recent urban plans have provisioned and initiated open spaces development by reviewing concurrent urban planning practices,particularly reviewing Periodic Plans,Integrated Urban Development Plan,Smart City Plan,and Land Development Plan.The development of open areas has not been given much attention in the earlier urban planning practice but recent urban development planning has emphasized with a special focus which is very important for sustainable and safer city development and is expected to address the current bulging urban issues of spatiality and sociability.Therefore,it is very important for integrating open space implications in city planning and such open space should be conceptualized according to the city’s geography,landscape as well as socio-cultural contexts.展开更多
The application of digital technology in prosthodontics not only improves the accuracy of restoration and the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment,but also brings more comfortable and convenient diagnosis and treatme...The application of digital technology in prosthodontics not only improves the accuracy of restoration and the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment,but also brings more comfortable and convenient diagnosis and treatment experience to patients.It effectively promotes the rapid development of the prosthodontic aesthetics industry and leads prosthodontic technology to gradually enter a new digital era.Combining the advantages of digital technology in prosthodontics,this paper focuses on the specific applications of digital impression technology,CAD/CAM technology,network-based integrated cloud service technology,and CBCT technology in prosthodontics.On this basis,it prospects the development trend of digital technology in the field of prosthodontics,aiming to provide solid theoretical and practical support for clinical practice of prosthodontics and promote the gradual integration of the prosthodontic industry with the digital era.展开更多
Based on the technological demands for significantly enhancing oil recovery and long-term CO_(2)sequestration in the lacustrine oil reservoirs of China,this study systematically reviews the progress and practices of C...Based on the technological demands for significantly enhancing oil recovery and long-term CO_(2)sequestration in the lacustrine oil reservoirs of China,this study systematically reviews the progress and practices of CO_(2)flooding and storage technologies in recent years.It addresses the key technological needs and challenges faced in scaling up the application of CO_(2)flooding and storage to mature,developed oil fields,and analyzes future development directions.During the pilot test phase(2006-2019),continuous development and application practices led to the establishment of the first-generation CO_(2)flooding and storage technology system for lacustrine reservoirs.In the industrialization phase(since 2020),significant advances and insights have been achieved in terms of confined phase behavior,storage mechanisms,reservoir engineering,sweep control,engineering process and storage monitoring,enabling the maturation of the second-generation CO_(2)flooding and storage theories and technologies to effectively support the demonstration projects of Carbon Capture,Utilization and Storage(CCUS).To overcome key technical issues such as low miscibility,difficulty in gas channeling control,high process requirements,limited application scenarios,and coordination challenges in CO_(2)flooding and storage,and to support the large-scale application of CCUS,it is necessary to strengthen research on key technologies for establishing the third-generation CO_(2)flooding and storage technological system incorporating miscibility enhancement and transformation,comprehensive regulation for sweep enhancement,whole-process engineering techniques and equipment,long-term storage monitoring safety,and synergistic optimization of flooding and storage.展开更多
The pandemic highlighted significant gaps in the public health infrastructure impacted by shortages of public health workers, an undertrained workforce, and years of disinvestment. These gaps required innovative probl...The pandemic highlighted significant gaps in the public health infrastructure impacted by shortages of public health workers, an undertrained workforce, and years of disinvestment. These gaps required innovative problem-solving by public health agencies (PHAs), including local health departments (LHDs), to respond to rapidly changing community conditions during and after the pandemic. Many schools and programs of public health (SPPH) worked with PHAs to mobilize public health (PH) students through practice-based teaching (PBT). Current research indicates PBT benefits all stakeholders—PHAs, students, faculty, SPPH, and ultimately the community served. However, more research is needed on the utility of PBT in addressing a community’s systemic public health issues, the extent to which the academic-community collaboration enhances a PHA’s capacity, and the impact of the pedagogy on preparing the workforce for an evolving PH landscape. This paper examines the process of a semester-long PBT course, guided by the PBT STEPS framework, which includes five steps from collaboration to implementation to evaluation of a PBT course. The collaborating PHA and its student group addressed community trauma and resilience issues during the semester. Additionally, it examines the longer-term impacts after the semester for the PHA, community, and the workforce by 1) conducting a formative evaluation to understand needs and gaps in the community;2) redesigning an intervention that merged the results of the formative evaluation with the intervention developed during the semester;and 3) securing funding and resources for intervention sustainability. Through the documentation of a post-course partnership between an LHD and faculty at a large school of public health, this case study illustrates the potential for PBT to lay the foundation for ongoing research that supports more impactful interventions for PHAs while bolstering the workforce abilities of students as future practitioners.展开更多
An innovative stormwater master plan based on low impact development LID is proposed.Unlike the traditional urban drainage plan this plan employs a sustainable stormwater management approach in communities utilizing L...An innovative stormwater master plan based on low impact development LID is proposed.Unlike the traditional urban drainage plan this plan employs a sustainable stormwater management approach in communities utilizing LID practices to reduce runoff and pollution load. An integrated hydraulic model which combines the traditional drainage sewer system with LID practices is adopted to assess the master plan.Through a long-term continuous simulation for 20 years the results reveal that the runoff volume will be reduced by over 80% following full implementation of this plan. Combining with the local conditions technical guidelines are established to provide assistance in implementing the stormwater master plan. Bioretention facilities for three main roads are constructed and other areas of development are being implemented sequentially under the guidance of the plan. This project provides an alternative method of stormwater management through the implementation of LID and it acts as a good example for other developing districts in China.展开更多
背景全科医学作为一种新兴医疗模式,强调以社区为基础的全面医疗服务,旨在提高医疗的可及性和效率。然而,尽管全科医学在提升基本医疗卫生服务能力中扮演关键角色,但全科医学研究仍处于发展滞后的状态,需要通过科学研究和社会支持来改...背景全科医学作为一种新兴医疗模式,强调以社区为基础的全面医疗服务,旨在提高医疗的可及性和效率。然而,尽管全科医学在提升基本医疗卫生服务能力中扮演关键角色,但全科医学研究仍处于发展滞后的状态,需要通过科学研究和社会支持来改善这一状况,并提高其学科地位。目的在研究人员、科研机构和学科整体三个自下而上的层级中,分层次地分析影响全科医学领域科研能力发展的因素。方法于2023年12月—2024年3月,本文采用范围综述方法,对中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、PubMed、Web of Science数据库进行检索,并手动浏览国际全科医学科研和行业学会的信息发布平台,以及谷歌搜索引擎,收集2000—2023年发表的全科医学科研能力发展影响因素的相关文献,并通过手动检索补充灰色文献。通过两阶段的筛选,最终纳入相关文献,使用Excel进行数据整理,归类影响因素,并通过归纳性的主题分析法分析数据,最终以日冕图的形式展示研究结果。结果本研究最终纳入122篇文献,包括原创研究62篇、系统综述2篇、非原创论文54篇、灰色文献4篇,基于文献分析,共归纳出21项影响全科医学科研能力发展的因素。相关因素被分为个体(研究人员)、群体(机构)和整体(学科)三个层级。个体层面的因素涉及研究人员的科研知识和技能、申请资金的能力、对科研的兴趣和积极性、学习科研知识和发展科研合作的机遇、用于科研工作的时间以及科研和临床工作的结合情况;群体层面的因素涉及科研机构的科研人力、科研资源、科研环境、科研管理机制、科研培训能力、外部科研合作资源和机构管理者的重视程度;学科层面的因素则涉及学科的科研特点、核心的科研和协调机构、政府、学协会、学术期刊和国际合作者的外部影响,以及科研经费等方面。结论本研究综述了全球范围内关于全科医学科研能力发展的文献,识别出21个关键的影响因素。在我国的实际环境中,上述因素可能会集中表现为学科组织分散、总体资源有限、学科理论不清、社会认知不足等一系列相互影响的问题。这要求该领域的研究者更加主动地以学科核心理念为导向,对机构的科研绩效导向和管理机制,以及个人的科研领域和路径进行合理的调整和重塑,并增强对全科医生具有全科医学学科特色的科研理论、方法和能力的培养,以增强形成学科合力的基础。展开更多
Discussions on Chinese modernization are offering African countries both conceptual inspiration and practical references as they explore their own sustainable development paths.
Chinese steel industry has made significant progress on reducing fresh water consumption and CO_2/SO_2/COD（ chemical oxygen demand） /dust emissions,and improving comprehensive utilization of solid waste. Some steel ...Chinese steel industry has made significant progress on reducing fresh water consumption and CO_2/SO_2/COD（ chemical oxygen demand） /dust emissions,and improving comprehensive utilization of solid waste. Some steel companies have become topped worldwide. However,due to the large output quantity of crude steel,the whole steel industry is still a huge source of pollutants. At present,environmental protection standards are encountering challenges of lack of technical support,taxation policy and other issues. Steel industry is currently facing enormous environmental pressure. The development trends of environmental protection technologies were studied by summarizing different development stages. To realize the development targets,the industry needs to carry out its research with independent intellectual property rights,develop comprehensive management systems and establish ecological chain with other industries. This can not only raise the level of environmental protection in a broader range,but also improve the energy efficiency of iron and steel plants and increase added value of waste utilization. Finally,23 environmental protection technologies were proposed and 4 new environmental protection practices were studied.展开更多
AIM:To develop and validate a questionnaire to evaluate knowledge,attitude and practice of patients diagnosed with age-related macular degeneration(AMD)who have undergone intravitreal injection treatment.METHODS:This ...AIM:To develop and validate a questionnaire to evaluate knowledge,attitude and practice of patients diagnosed with age-related macular degeneration(AMD)who have undergone intravitreal injection treatment.METHODS:This study was conducted among patients diagnosed with AMD in Kuala Lumpur.The generation of the instrument included four phases which included item and domains development,content,face validity and exploratory factor analysis.Content validity and modified Kappa was used for validation of knowledge domain.Exploratory factor analysis was used for validation of both attitude and practice domains.Face validity was conducted in 12 patients,content validity was ascertained in 120 patients and test-retest reliability was determined in 39 patients with AMD.RESULTS:Content validity index(CVI)and modified kappa showed excellent values for most items in the knowledge domain with CVI for item(I-CVI)values between 0.78-1.0 and Kappa values of>0.74.The Kaiser-MeyerOlkin(KMO)sampling adequacy showed acceptable scores of 0.70 and 0.75 for both attitude and practice domains respectively and Bartlett’s Test of sphericity were significant(χ^(2)=0.00,P<0.001).Factor analysis resulted in five factors with thirty items for attitude domain and four factors with twenty items for practice domain.The Cronbach’s alpha showed acceptable values for all items in knowledge,attitude and practice domain with values>0.70 and good test-retest reliability.The final version of the questionnaire consisted of 93 items from four sections consisting of demographic details,knowledge,attitude and practice.CONCLUSION:The findings of this validation and reliability study show that the developed questionnaire has a satisfactory psychometric property for measuring KAP of patients diagnosed with AMD undergoing intravitreal injection treatment.展开更多
文摘In recent years,Henan sticks to the points of General Secretary Xi Jinping,makes full use of its rich resources and relations,makes efforts to deepen friendship with people around the world,promotes relations with foreign countries,pushes
文摘The basic characteristics of China ESD program is:The dual attribute of the definition of ESD;A new interpretation of the subject-oriented education theory from the perspective of sustainable development;ESD is an Important Content of strengthening morality education;the"whole?school"model has become the norm;an international cooperation and exchange platform has been actively built.
文摘The purpose of this study is to provide a concrete innovation on how Education for Sustainable Development （ESD） is integrated into higher education using Advanced Educational Statistics as its platform. With this, university faculty, master＇s degree students and administrators can make appropriate strategies to become globally competitive and responsive to the sustainability mantra. A successful innovation has been developed, and found to be relevant and achievable. The key ingredient of this innovation is to utilize statistics as a platform of ESD fused with Multiple intelligences （MI）, Higher-Order Thinking Skills （HOTs） and latest technology. Moreover, this paper used a descriptive-correlation design, which identified the difficulties encountered by the master＇s degree students in making their innovations; then determined the relationship between the attitudes of students toward e-portfolio and their level of fusing ESD in statistics relative to： MI, HOTs and latest technology. Multiple regression analysis was utilized to predict its relationships. This innovation is highly appropriate for multidisciplinary, international students. It connects ESD principles with practice as it enables university＇s effort to contribute to ESD. This paper is supported by the actual, students＇ output which can be found in the website （http：//statisticsforndmu.blogspot.com/）.
文摘Open space has various implications in urban development planning and has been integrated in recent urban planning approaches and practices in Nepal.The open spaces are not only important for(re)shaping the urban form but are also important for enhancing urban social life and disaster risk management,particularly for dense cities.As most of the cities in Nepal have been growing haphazardly,the cities lack sufficient open space.However,the value of open space in dense cities like Kathmandu has been recognized more after the Gorkha Earthquake 2015 as the open spaces were extensively used for risk relief,treatment,recovery,and rehabilitation during and after the earthquake.With this background,this paper presents the major planning initiatives in Nepal and discusses how recent urban plans have provisioned and initiated open spaces development by reviewing concurrent urban planning practices,particularly reviewing Periodic Plans,Integrated Urban Development Plan,Smart City Plan,and Land Development Plan.The development of open areas has not been given much attention in the earlier urban planning practice but recent urban development planning has emphasized with a special focus which is very important for sustainable and safer city development and is expected to address the current bulging urban issues of spatiality and sociability.Therefore,it is very important for integrating open space implications in city planning and such open space should be conceptualized according to the city’s geography,landscape as well as socio-cultural contexts.
基金Wuhan University of Arts and Science 2023 University-Level Scientific Research(Project No.:2023xk33)。
文摘The application of digital technology in prosthodontics not only improves the accuracy of restoration and the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment,but also brings more comfortable and convenient diagnosis and treatment experience to patients.It effectively promotes the rapid development of the prosthodontic aesthetics industry and leads prosthodontic technology to gradually enter a new digital era.Combining the advantages of digital technology in prosthodontics,this paper focuses on the specific applications of digital impression technology,CAD/CAM technology,network-based integrated cloud service technology,and CBCT technology in prosthodontics.On this basis,it prospects the development trend of digital technology in the field of prosthodontics,aiming to provide solid theoretical and practical support for clinical practice of prosthodontics and promote the gradual integration of the prosthodontic industry with the digital era.
基金Supported by the China National Key R&D Program(2023YFF0614100)National Science and Technology Major Project of China(2024ZD14066)+1 种基金Major Project of PetroChina Company Limited(2021ZZ01)Key R&D Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China(2024B03001).
文摘Based on the technological demands for significantly enhancing oil recovery and long-term CO_(2)sequestration in the lacustrine oil reservoirs of China,this study systematically reviews the progress and practices of CO_(2)flooding and storage technologies in recent years.It addresses the key technological needs and challenges faced in scaling up the application of CO_(2)flooding and storage to mature,developed oil fields,and analyzes future development directions.During the pilot test phase(2006-2019),continuous development and application practices led to the establishment of the first-generation CO_(2)flooding and storage technology system for lacustrine reservoirs.In the industrialization phase(since 2020),significant advances and insights have been achieved in terms of confined phase behavior,storage mechanisms,reservoir engineering,sweep control,engineering process and storage monitoring,enabling the maturation of the second-generation CO_(2)flooding and storage theories and technologies to effectively support the demonstration projects of Carbon Capture,Utilization and Storage(CCUS).To overcome key technical issues such as low miscibility,difficulty in gas channeling control,high process requirements,limited application scenarios,and coordination challenges in CO_(2)flooding and storage,and to support the large-scale application of CCUS,it is necessary to strengthen research on key technologies for establishing the third-generation CO_(2)flooding and storage technological system incorporating miscibility enhancement and transformation,comprehensive regulation for sweep enhancement,whole-process engineering techniques and equipment,long-term storage monitoring safety,and synergistic optimization of flooding and storage.
文摘The pandemic highlighted significant gaps in the public health infrastructure impacted by shortages of public health workers, an undertrained workforce, and years of disinvestment. These gaps required innovative problem-solving by public health agencies (PHAs), including local health departments (LHDs), to respond to rapidly changing community conditions during and after the pandemic. Many schools and programs of public health (SPPH) worked with PHAs to mobilize public health (PH) students through practice-based teaching (PBT). Current research indicates PBT benefits all stakeholders—PHAs, students, faculty, SPPH, and ultimately the community served. However, more research is needed on the utility of PBT in addressing a community’s systemic public health issues, the extent to which the academic-community collaboration enhances a PHA’s capacity, and the impact of the pedagogy on preparing the workforce for an evolving PH landscape. This paper examines the process of a semester-long PBT course, guided by the PBT STEPS framework, which includes five steps from collaboration to implementation to evaluation of a PBT course. The collaborating PHA and its student group addressed community trauma and resilience issues during the semester. Additionally, it examines the longer-term impacts after the semester for the PHA, community, and the workforce by 1) conducting a formative evaluation to understand needs and gaps in the community;2) redesigning an intervention that merged the results of the formative evaluation with the intervention developed during the semester;and 3) securing funding and resources for intervention sustainability. Through the documentation of a post-course partnership between an LHD and faculty at a large school of public health, this case study illustrates the potential for PBT to lay the foundation for ongoing research that supports more impactful interventions for PHAs while bolstering the workforce abilities of students as future practitioners.
基金The National Key Technology R&D Program of China during the 11th Five-Year Plan Period(No.2010BAK69B16)
文摘An innovative stormwater master plan based on low impact development LID is proposed.Unlike the traditional urban drainage plan this plan employs a sustainable stormwater management approach in communities utilizing LID practices to reduce runoff and pollution load. An integrated hydraulic model which combines the traditional drainage sewer system with LID practices is adopted to assess the master plan.Through a long-term continuous simulation for 20 years the results reveal that the runoff volume will be reduced by over 80% following full implementation of this plan. Combining with the local conditions technical guidelines are established to provide assistance in implementing the stormwater master plan. Bioretention facilities for three main roads are constructed and other areas of development are being implemented sequentially under the guidance of the plan. This project provides an alternative method of stormwater management through the implementation of LID and it acts as a good example for other developing districts in China.
文摘背景全科医学作为一种新兴医疗模式,强调以社区为基础的全面医疗服务,旨在提高医疗的可及性和效率。然而,尽管全科医学在提升基本医疗卫生服务能力中扮演关键角色,但全科医学研究仍处于发展滞后的状态,需要通过科学研究和社会支持来改善这一状况,并提高其学科地位。目的在研究人员、科研机构和学科整体三个自下而上的层级中,分层次地分析影响全科医学领域科研能力发展的因素。方法于2023年12月—2024年3月,本文采用范围综述方法,对中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、PubMed、Web of Science数据库进行检索,并手动浏览国际全科医学科研和行业学会的信息发布平台,以及谷歌搜索引擎,收集2000—2023年发表的全科医学科研能力发展影响因素的相关文献,并通过手动检索补充灰色文献。通过两阶段的筛选,最终纳入相关文献,使用Excel进行数据整理,归类影响因素,并通过归纳性的主题分析法分析数据,最终以日冕图的形式展示研究结果。结果本研究最终纳入122篇文献,包括原创研究62篇、系统综述2篇、非原创论文54篇、灰色文献4篇,基于文献分析,共归纳出21项影响全科医学科研能力发展的因素。相关因素被分为个体(研究人员)、群体(机构)和整体(学科)三个层级。个体层面的因素涉及研究人员的科研知识和技能、申请资金的能力、对科研的兴趣和积极性、学习科研知识和发展科研合作的机遇、用于科研工作的时间以及科研和临床工作的结合情况;群体层面的因素涉及科研机构的科研人力、科研资源、科研环境、科研管理机制、科研培训能力、外部科研合作资源和机构管理者的重视程度;学科层面的因素则涉及学科的科研特点、核心的科研和协调机构、政府、学协会、学术期刊和国际合作者的外部影响,以及科研经费等方面。结论本研究综述了全球范围内关于全科医学科研能力发展的文献,识别出21个关键的影响因素。在我国的实际环境中,上述因素可能会集中表现为学科组织分散、总体资源有限、学科理论不清、社会认知不足等一系列相互影响的问题。这要求该领域的研究者更加主动地以学科核心理念为导向,对机构的科研绩效导向和管理机制,以及个人的科研领域和路径进行合理的调整和重塑,并增强对全科医生具有全科医学学科特色的科研理论、方法和能力的培养,以增强形成学科合力的基础。
文摘Discussions on Chinese modernization are offering African countries both conceptual inspiration and practical references as they explore their own sustainable development paths.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.51234003)
文摘Chinese steel industry has made significant progress on reducing fresh water consumption and CO_2/SO_2/COD（ chemical oxygen demand） /dust emissions,and improving comprehensive utilization of solid waste. Some steel companies have become topped worldwide. However,due to the large output quantity of crude steel,the whole steel industry is still a huge source of pollutants. At present,environmental protection standards are encountering challenges of lack of technical support,taxation policy and other issues. Steel industry is currently facing enormous environmental pressure. The development trends of environmental protection technologies were studied by summarizing different development stages. To realize the development targets,the industry needs to carry out its research with independent intellectual property rights,develop comprehensive management systems and establish ecological chain with other industries. This can not only raise the level of environmental protection in a broader range,but also improve the energy efficiency of iron and steel plants and increase added value of waste utilization. Finally,23 environmental protection technologies were proposed and 4 new environmental protection practices were studied.
文摘AIM:To develop and validate a questionnaire to evaluate knowledge,attitude and practice of patients diagnosed with age-related macular degeneration(AMD)who have undergone intravitreal injection treatment.METHODS:This study was conducted among patients diagnosed with AMD in Kuala Lumpur.The generation of the instrument included four phases which included item and domains development,content,face validity and exploratory factor analysis.Content validity and modified Kappa was used for validation of knowledge domain.Exploratory factor analysis was used for validation of both attitude and practice domains.Face validity was conducted in 12 patients,content validity was ascertained in 120 patients and test-retest reliability was determined in 39 patients with AMD.RESULTS:Content validity index(CVI)and modified kappa showed excellent values for most items in the knowledge domain with CVI for item(I-CVI)values between 0.78-1.0 and Kappa values of>0.74.The Kaiser-MeyerOlkin(KMO)sampling adequacy showed acceptable scores of 0.70 and 0.75 for both attitude and practice domains respectively and Bartlett’s Test of sphericity were significant(χ^(2)=0.00,P<0.001).Factor analysis resulted in five factors with thirty items for attitude domain and four factors with twenty items for practice domain.The Cronbach’s alpha showed acceptable values for all items in knowledge,attitude and practice domain with values>0.70 and good test-retest reliability.The final version of the questionnaire consisted of 93 items from four sections consisting of demographic details,knowledge,attitude and practice.CONCLUSION:The findings of this validation and reliability study show that the developed questionnaire has a satisfactory psychometric property for measuring KAP of patients diagnosed with AMD undergoing intravitreal injection treatment.
