With the first rays of dawn peeking through the rainforest at Shiti Village,Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture,Yunnan Province,Xu Xiaolong,a bird-watching guide from the Jingpo ethnic group,led a German bird-...With the first rays of dawn peeking through the rainforest at Shiti Village,Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture,Yunnan Province,Xu Xiaolong,a bird-watching guide from the Jingpo ethnic group,led a German bird-watching group into the jungle.His great-grandfather made a living by hunting“weird-looking birds”in the mountains.Today,the birds(Great Hornbill)are attracting tourist dollars from other parts of the world without dodging bullets.In Shiti Village,bird-watchers can enjoy the chirping of Great Hornbills and feel the rumbling in the air as the birds fly past.The village on the Chinese border with Myanmar was formerly poverty-stricken,with an average annual income of barely 2,000 yuan(US$305)per household 10 years ago.Today,the average annual income has grown to 150,000 yuan(US$23,075).It is a shining example of the successful practice of the notion that“lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets.”展开更多
Energy poverty in developing countries is a critical issue characterized by the lack of access to modern energy services,such as electricity and clean cooking facilities,as marked in SDG 7.This study explores the corr...Energy poverty in developing countries is a critical issue characterized by the lack of access to modern energy services,such as electricity and clean cooking facilities,as marked in SDG 7.This study explores the correlations between energy poverty,energy intensity,resource abundance,and income inequality,as these factors have been theorized to play important roles in influencing energy poverty in developing countries.By observing that the dataset is heterogeneous across the countries and over the time frame,we use the Method of Moments Quantile Regression(MMQR)to analyze our developing countries’data from 2000 to 2019.Our findings indicate that energy intensity is a significant factor influencing energy poverty,suggesting that higher energy consumption relative to the sample countries can exacerbate this issue.Additionally,we observe that income inequality within the sample countries is a critical determinant of energy poverty levels,highlighting the dynamics between economic disparity and access to energy resources.Interestingly,our study reveals that resource abundance acts as a blessing rather than a curse in terms of energy poverty,implying that countries rich in natural resources may have better opportunities to combat energy deprivation.Finally,we emphasize the vital role of financial markets in addressing energy poverty on a global scale,suggesting that robust financial systems can facilitate investments and innovations aimed at improving energy access for vulnerable populations.The results from the robustness analysis support the empirical results obtained from the main estimation.The empirical findings of the present study advance important comprehensions for policymakers to adopt energy policies that address the complex challenges of energy poverty and promote inclusive energy access.展开更多
Foreign-funded overseas industrial parks(OIPs)are crucial for attracting foreign investment and promoting globalization in developing countries.However,large-scale land acquisition for these parks generates conflicts ...Foreign-funded overseas industrial parks(OIPs)are crucial for attracting foreign investment and promoting globalization in developing countries.However,large-scale land acquisition for these parks generates conflicts between developers and local stakeholders,increasing development costs.A qualitative multicase study was conducted in this study to analyze the land transaction trajectories of China's OIPs.Four OIPs were selected to reveal the underlying mechanisms from the perspectives of institutional arrangements,governance mechanisms,and enterprise heterogeneity.The findings indicate that in host countries with insufficient institutional development,local governments are more inclined to directly engage in OIP land acquisition.High-level intergovernmental mechanisms facilitate land acquisition processes,although their efficacy depends largely on administrative power allocation across parks in host countries.The results also indicate that enterprise characteristics significantly influence land acquisition,where microscale private enterprises lacking political connections often employ low-cost,bottom-up strategies by leveraging international experience.In summary,policy-makers in developing countries should prioritize enhancing OIP governance to mitigate transaction costs,promote diversified land supply,and optimize land allocation.By depicting China's OIP land acquisition processes,this study deepens the academic understanding of OIP governance in developing countries and related international land transactions,offering practical OIP management insights for governments in both host and parent countries.展开更多
We do so much to prepare our children for the future,but are we doing enough to prepare the future for our children?To do so we must seek sustainability.Sustainability is a new way of thinking about an age-old concern...We do so much to prepare our children for the future,but are we doing enough to prepare the future for our children?To do so we must seek sustainability.Sustainability is a new way of thinking about an age-old concern:ensuring that our children and grandchildren inherit a tomorrow that is at least as good as today,preferably better.We want to make sure that the way we live our lives is sustainable that can continue and keep improving for long time.And since buildings produce half of all greenhouse gases and account for one-sixth of the world's freshwater withdrawals,one-quarter of its wood harvest and two fifths of its material and energy flows.By several estimates,we will double the size of the built environment over the next twenty to forty years.Therefore,there is a critical and immediate need to shift thinking on how the built environment is designed.To reduce environmental impact,protect public health and improve environmental equity and justice,we must change principles for building practice.Designers in general and architects in particular should play a high-profile leadership role in this transformation.展开更多
The ecdysone-induced transcription factor E93 in model insects plays multiple roles in the insect metamorphosis processes,such as remodeling larval tissues and determining adult tissue formation.The knockdown of E93in...The ecdysone-induced transcription factor E93 in model insects plays multiple roles in the insect metamorphosis processes,such as remodeling larval tissues and determining adult tissue formation.The knockdown of E93in insects leads to incomplete metamorphosis,suggesting that E93 is a potential target for pest control.In this study,the HaE93 gene in the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera,a polyphagous pest of various commercial crops worldwide,was identified and found to have high expression in the egg,prepupal,and pupal stages.The injection of ds HaE93 induced about 60%mortality in H.armigera at the larval-pupal stage.About 30%survived but showed delayed pupation and abnormal wings,and the females developed reduced ovaries.Therefore,about 90%of the HaE93 knockdown individuals failed to reproduce before they died.The results of qRT-PCR showed that the expression levels of ecdysone primary-response genes,chitin synthesis-related genes,and wing and ovary development-related genes were reduced in HaE93 knockdown H.armigera.These results indicated that HaE93plays a critical role in larva-pupa-adult metamorphosis and the development of the cuticle,wing,and ovary in female H.armigera by regulating the expression of the associated genes.Bioassays of ds HaE93 administered by either oral delivery or injection showed similar knockdown results,which suggested that HaE93 can be used as a target gene for the RNAi control of the pest H.armigera.展开更多
The Emerging Markets and Developing Countries Forum on Bridging the AI Divide and Opening Ceremony of AIM Global CoE were held on July 27 in Minhang district,Shanghai.The event was hosted by AIM Global CoE,and co-orga...The Emerging Markets and Developing Countries Forum on Bridging the AI Divide and Opening Ceremony of AIM Global CoE were held on July 27 in Minhang district,Shanghai.The event was hosted by AIM Global CoE,and co-organized by Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Research Institute(SAIRI),Shanghai Technology Innovation Center,Shanghai Grand Neobay Investment Development Group,and Organizing Committee of AI Journey Conference.Asian Association of Business Incubation(AABI)and SAIRI served as the international partners.展开更多
Drug development is a complex and time-consuming endeavor that traditionally relies on the experience of drug developers and trial-and-error experimentation[1,2].The advent of artificial intelligence(AI)technologies,p...Drug development is a complex and time-consuming endeavor that traditionally relies on the experience of drug developers and trial-and-error experimentation[1,2].The advent of artificial intelligence(AI)technologies,particularly emerging generative AI and large language model,is reshaping this traditional paradigm,offering new avenues for efficiency,precision,and innovation[3].In this special issue,we present an overview of AI applications across the entire drug development workflow.Topics include novel molecule generation,drug–target and drug–drug interaction network prediction,molecular property optimization,pharmaceutical research,and related areas.展开更多
Building Information Modelling(BIM)technology can solve construction issues from multiple perspectives,including technical and managerial.While existing research has primarily focused on BIM’s benefits and framework ...Building Information Modelling(BIM)technology can solve construction issues from multiple perspectives,including technical and managerial.While existing research has primarily focused on BIM’s benefits and framework development,few studies discussed whether BIM can be successfully applied in developing countries.This paper examines the current status and key obstacles hindering BIM adoption in developing countries,analyzing their underlying causes.Notably,the study reveals that high BIM awareness does not directly lead to high BIM usage.The findings aim to provide theoretical support for enhancing the BIM environment and increasing implementation feasibility in developing countries.Additionally,the research identifies critical barriers for governments to address in promoting BIM adoption,offering a foundation for policy formulation.展开更多
Hepatitis E virus(HEV)is the primary cause of acute viral hepatitis globally and is prevalent in many developing countries.Serological epidemiology studies[1,2]suggest that approximately onethird of the global populat...Hepatitis E virus(HEV)is the primary cause of acute viral hepatitis globally and is prevalent in many developing countries.Serological epidemiology studies[1,2]suggest that approximately onethird of the global population has been infected with HEV.There are an estimated 20 million new cases of HEV infection worldwide annually.World Health Organization(WHO)reported that HEV caused approximately 44000 deaths in 2015,which accounted for3.3%of deaths from viral hepatitis[3,4].Clinically,most cases of acute hepatitis E have a self-limiting course.However,co-infection with other viruses can increase the risk of acute or subacute liver failure.Hepatitis B virus(HBV)and HEV are highly prevalent in many regions worldwide,and these areas have high rates of coinfection with both viruses.The rate of co-infection with HEV among patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB)is high,resulting in more severe health outcomes and a significantly elevated risk of liver failure and death.展开更多
Blocking the development of edible mushrooms will affect the production cycle and yield of fruiting bodies.Phenylalanine ammonia lyase(PAL,EC 4.3.1.24.)is an enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of phenylalanine to f...Blocking the development of edible mushrooms will affect the production cycle and yield of fruiting bodies.Phenylalanine ammonia lyase(PAL,EC 4.3.1.24.)is an enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of phenylalanine to form trans-cinnamic acid.Previous studies have shown that a decrease in pal1 gene transcription delays fruiting body development in Pleurotus ostreatus.Herein,we used wild type(WT)and RNA interference(RNAi)strains to study the molecular regulation of pal1 by RNA sequencing and Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation.Our results showed that interference with the pal1 gene resulted in reductions in the total PAL enzyme activity and the total phenol content,as well as an increase in the intracellular H_(2)O_(2)content.RNA-Seq data demonstrated that the significantly enriched KEGG terms were mainly related to the peroxisome pathway,MAPK signaling pathway-yeast and three other pathways,and the catalase(CAT)gene cat1 is also involved in multiple pathways that were enriched above.Exogenous H_(2)O_(2)significantly enhanced the transcription of the cat1 gene and elevated total CAT enzymatic activity.Moreover,the levels of cat1 gene transcription and the total CAT enzymatic activity in the RNAi-pal1 strains gradually become closer to those in the WT strain through the removal of H_(2)O_(2),which indicated that pal1 regulated the expression of cat1 by affecting the intracellular H_(2)O_(2)content.Finally,the overexpression of the cat1 gene in P.ostreatus caused growth retardation,especially during the process of primordia formation.In conclusion,this study demonstrated that PAL1 affects cat1 gene expression through the signaling molecule H_(2)O_(2)and regulates the development of P.ostreatus.The findings of this study enhance our understanding of the molecular developmental mechanism of edible mushrooms.展开更多
Leptocybe invasa is an invasive pest,native to Australia,which causes serious damage to Eucalyptus all over the world.Here,we monitored gall development in resistant and susceptible Eucalyptus clones to determine whet...Leptocybe invasa is an invasive pest,native to Australia,which causes serious damage to Eucalyptus all over the world.Here,we monitored gall development in resistant and susceptible Eucalyptus clones to determine whether plant genotype affects the durations of the different gall stages.Gall development varied among six Eucalyptus clones that differed in susceptibility to L.invasa viz.,PE-5,316,3011,PE-11,3020 and P-13 in Punjab in a nethouse.In susceptible clones PE-5 and 316,L.invasa emerged from both green and pink galls.Five stages of gall formation were found:Stage 1(tissue disruption),Stage 2(gall develop-ment),Stage 3(glossy pink),Stage 4(dull pink)and Stage 5(exit hole)in susceptible clones when adults emerged from pink galls.However,in resistant clones,adults emerged only from green galls,and galls formed in three stages.In the susceptible clones,when adults emerged from pink galls,the life cycle was 105–115 d;however,when adults emerged from green galls,the duration was significantly shorter(81–87 d).In the most-resistant clone,P-13,corky tissue formed after oviposition,and galls did not develop further.In the resistant clones(3020,PE-11 and 3011),adults emerged from green galls,and the life cycle lasted 90–96 d.When adults emerged from green galls in susceptible and resist-ant clones,Stage 1 lasted longer in resistant clones than in the susceptible;however,in susceptible clones,Stage 5 was longer.When adults emerged from pink galls in susceptible clones and from green galls in resistant clones,the life cycle was longer in susceptible clones.In susceptible clones,the number of emergence holes was significantly higher than resistant clones.Gall width and gall length also differed significantly between susceptible and resistant clones.The results showed that the Eucalyptus genotype had a signifi-cant effect on gall development induced by gall wasps.展开更多
Strategic initiative:Entering Oman for a new strategy In 2004,the International Department of CNPC’s BGP took a crucial step in the Middle East market by successfully securing a seismic exploration project for the na...Strategic initiative:Entering Oman for a new strategy In 2004,the International Department of CNPC’s BGP took a crucial step in the Middle East market by successfully securing a seismic exploration project for the national oil company of Oman,Petroleum Development Oman(PDO).展开更多
Chinese modernization transcends the conventional concept of modernization,as the Chinese wisdom behind it inspires innovative development.FOR a long time,many people have equated modernization with Westernization.Thi...Chinese modernization transcends the conventional concept of modernization,as the Chinese wisdom behind it inspires innovative development.FOR a long time,many people have equated modernization with Westernization.This long held prejudice has proven false in the face of Chinese modernization.展开更多
Cultivation metaphors that compare teachers and students to gardeners and plants,respectively,have a long presence in the field of education.While such metaphors can be used to represent learner-centered pedagogies in...Cultivation metaphors that compare teachers and students to gardeners and plants,respectively,have a long presence in the field of education.While such metaphors can be used to represent learner-centered pedagogies in which a teacher fosters the growth of their students,there is also a darker side to cultivation metaphors.For instance,Zipory(2020)argues that characteristics of agriculture’s grain economy-like repetitiveness,coercion,and lack of diversity-can be imposed onto education.Following Zipory’s call for the forest to serve as a more apt metaphorical trajectory for education,I propose using the forest garden as a middle ground between the traditional garden and the natural forest.To highlight the potential usefulness of the forest garden metaphor in education,I explore its application as related to teacher professional development(PD),specifically content and language integrated learning(CLIL)PD.By reflecting on the design and outcomes of Project SCILLA,a CLIL PD program for Kazakhstani university instructors,as well as CLIL PD more broadly,I demonstrate how the forest garden metaphor conceptualizes the relationships and power dynamics between and across various stakeholders in education in response to global rhetoric,national and local policies,and interpersonal interactions.By emulating the sustainable forest garden’s principles of planning and intentionality,localization,interconnectedness,diversity,creativity,and growth from decay,stakeholders can(re)shape the policies and practices of multilingual,multicultural education systems.In addition,education researchers can use a metaphorical forest garden lens to better appreciate the complexities at play within dynamic educational landscapes.展开更多
Strip-till(ST),including straw mulching in the inter-row and localized fertilization in the intra-row,is a conservation tillage system for improving soil quality and crop growth.However,the yield advantage of maize un...Strip-till(ST),including straw mulching in the inter-row and localized fertilization in the intra-row,is a conservation tillage system for improving soil quality and crop growth.However,the yield advantage of maize under ST compared to conventional tillage(CT)remains unstable,and the strategies to increase maize yield under ST are unclear.This study aims to understand the physiological mechanism underlining maize yield formation under ST by comparing two maize cultivars,DKM753 and DK517,with contrasting yield performance in ST versus CT systems.Compared to CT,ST resulted in a 4.5%yield increase for DKM753 but a 5.6%decrease for DK517.These yield differences were primarily attributed to variations in grain number per ear(GN).During the rapid growth stage(V14-R3),i.e.,two weeks before and after silking,DKM753 showed a 6.7%increase in maximum growth rate(V_(max))and a 6.3%increase in average growth rate(V)under ST,whereas DK517 exhibited decline of 8.5%in V_(max) and 12.3%in V.Significant positive correlations are observed between V_(max) and V with GN under ST(R^(2)=0.79 and R^(2)=0.90,respectively).Enhanced dry matter accumulation in DKM753 under ST was attributed to increased leaf expansion rates,contributing to a larger photosynthate source.The straw mulching and localized nitrogen fertilization increased root-zone nitrogen availability at silking in ST compared to CT.DKM753 had a greater root system which made better use of the soil N and lead to an increased leaf nitrogen accumulation by 14.9%under ST.It is concluded that maize yield under the strip-till system is determined by grain number per ear,which can be increased by increasing nitrogen accumulation,plant growth,and ear development around silking stage.A sound root system can efficiently utilize soil nitrogen resources under the strip-till system,increasing plant nitrogen accumulation and thereby promoting plant growth.展开更多
The“14th Five-Year Plan”and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035 propose to strengthen the construction of strategic emerging industrial clusters,promote the deep integration of the internet,big data,arti...The“14th Five-Year Plan”and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035 propose to strengthen the construction of strategic emerging industrial clusters,promote the deep integration of the internet,big data,artificial intelligence,blockchain technology,etc.with the real economy,facilitate the development of advanced manufacturing,and consider unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)as an important breakthrough,providing significant opportunities for the development of the UAV industry.Therefore,this article takes the current status of the UAV industry development as a starting point,analyzes the exploration and practice of the UAV development model based on the low-altitude economy,and discusses strategic suggestions to promote the development of UAVs empowered by the low-altitude economy.Through analysis,this article aims to provide theoretical references and practical guidance for promoting the sustainable development of the UAV industry under the wave of the low-altitude economy.展开更多
The“14th Five-Year Plan”and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035 propose to strengthen the construction of strategic emerging industrial clusters,promote the deep integration of the internet,big data,arti...The“14th Five-Year Plan”and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035 propose to strengthen the construction of strategic emerging industrial clusters,promote the deep integration of the internet,big data,artificial intelligence,blockchain technology,etc.with the real economy,facilitate the development of advanced manufacturing,and consider UAVs as an important breakthrough,providing significant opportunities for the development of the UAV industry.Therefore,this article takes the current status of the UAV industry development as a starting point,analyzes the exploration and practice of the UAV development model based on the low-altitude economy,and discusses strategic suggestions to promote the development of UAVs empowered by the low-altitude economy.Through analysis,this article aims to provide theoretical reference and practical guidance for promoting the sustainable development of the UAV industry under the wave of the low-altitude economy.展开更多
The liver is a key endoderm-derived multifunctional organ within the digestive system.Prospero homeobox 1(Prox1)is an essential transcription factor for liver development,but its specific function is not well understo...The liver is a key endoderm-derived multifunctional organ within the digestive system.Prospero homeobox 1(Prox1)is an essential transcription factor for liver development,but its specific function is not well understood.Here,we show that hepatic development,including the formation of intrahepatic biliary and vascular networks,is severely disrupted in prox1a mutant zebrafish.We find that Prox1a is essential for liver growth and proper differentiation but not required for early hepatic cell fate specification.Intriguingly,prox1a depletion leads to ectopic initiation of a Cdx1b-mediated intestinal program and the formation of intestinal lumen-like structures within the liver.Morpholino knockdown of cdx1b alleviates liver defects in the prox1a mutant zebrafish.Finally,chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis reveals that Prox1a binds directly to the promoter region of cdx1b,thereby repressing its expression.Overall,our findings indicate that Prox1a is required to promote and protect hepatic development by repression of Cdx1b-mediated intestinal cell fate in zebrafish.展开更多
Circular RNAs(circRNAs)are a type of endogenous competitive RNA that can perform various functions and regulate a number of biological activities in organisms.Many studies have shown that circRNAs can modulate skeleta...Circular RNAs(circRNAs)are a type of endogenous competitive RNA that can perform various functions and regulate a number of biological activities in organisms.Many studies have shown that circRNAs can modulate skeletal muscle development in animals.However,the effects of circRNAs on the skeletal muscle development of Japanese flounder and its regulatory mechanisms remain unclear.We screened circRNA_2111 from previously obtained transcriptomic data related to Japanese flounder skeletal mus-cle development.Derived from the tefb gene,it has been designated as circtefb.Circtefb was formed by the reverse splicing of two exons of tefb.Circtefb was more stable than its corresponding linear RNA.There was a significant difference in the expression of circtefb at different stages P1(90 d),P2(12 months)and P3(24 months)of Japanese flounder(p<0.05).Over-expression of circtefb in Japanese flounder myocytes resulted in a significant upregulation of proliferation marker genes ccnd1,ccnd2a and pcna(p<0.05),suggesting that it promoted proliferation of Japanese flounder myocytes.The expressions of ccnd1,ccnd2a,and pcna were signifi-cantly decreased after the transfection of pol-miR-138 into Japanese flounder myocytes(p<0.05).In addition,circtefb can suppress pol-miR-138 function by binding to it,which was detected by dual-Luciferase reporter assay and co-transfection of circtefb and pol-miR-138,thereby promoting the proliferation of Japanese flounder myocytes.The results indicated the function of circRNAs in Japanese flounder muscle development,,which is also helpful to understand the growth and development of other fish species.展开更多
文摘With the first rays of dawn peeking through the rainforest at Shiti Village,Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture,Yunnan Province,Xu Xiaolong,a bird-watching guide from the Jingpo ethnic group,led a German bird-watching group into the jungle.His great-grandfather made a living by hunting“weird-looking birds”in the mountains.Today,the birds(Great Hornbill)are attracting tourist dollars from other parts of the world without dodging bullets.In Shiti Village,bird-watchers can enjoy the chirping of Great Hornbills and feel the rumbling in the air as the birds fly past.The village on the Chinese border with Myanmar was formerly poverty-stricken,with an average annual income of barely 2,000 yuan(US$305)per household 10 years ago.Today,the average annual income has grown to 150,000 yuan(US$23,075).It is a shining example of the successful practice of the notion that“lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets.”
文摘Energy poverty in developing countries is a critical issue characterized by the lack of access to modern energy services,such as electricity and clean cooking facilities,as marked in SDG 7.This study explores the correlations between energy poverty,energy intensity,resource abundance,and income inequality,as these factors have been theorized to play important roles in influencing energy poverty in developing countries.By observing that the dataset is heterogeneous across the countries and over the time frame,we use the Method of Moments Quantile Regression(MMQR)to analyze our developing countries’data from 2000 to 2019.Our findings indicate that energy intensity is a significant factor influencing energy poverty,suggesting that higher energy consumption relative to the sample countries can exacerbate this issue.Additionally,we observe that income inequality within the sample countries is a critical determinant of energy poverty levels,highlighting the dynamics between economic disparity and access to energy resources.Interestingly,our study reveals that resource abundance acts as a blessing rather than a curse in terms of energy poverty,implying that countries rich in natural resources may have better opportunities to combat energy deprivation.Finally,we emphasize the vital role of financial markets in addressing energy poverty on a global scale,suggesting that robust financial systems can facilitate investments and innovations aimed at improving energy access for vulnerable populations.The results from the robustness analysis support the empirical results obtained from the main estimation.The empirical findings of the present study advance important comprehensions for policymakers to adopt energy policies that address the complex challenges of energy poverty and promote inclusive energy access.
基金Philosophy and Social Science Planning Projects in Yunnan Province,No.QN202428China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2024M752918。
文摘Foreign-funded overseas industrial parks(OIPs)are crucial for attracting foreign investment and promoting globalization in developing countries.However,large-scale land acquisition for these parks generates conflicts between developers and local stakeholders,increasing development costs.A qualitative multicase study was conducted in this study to analyze the land transaction trajectories of China's OIPs.Four OIPs were selected to reveal the underlying mechanisms from the perspectives of institutional arrangements,governance mechanisms,and enterprise heterogeneity.The findings indicate that in host countries with insufficient institutional development,local governments are more inclined to directly engage in OIP land acquisition.High-level intergovernmental mechanisms facilitate land acquisition processes,although their efficacy depends largely on administrative power allocation across parks in host countries.The results also indicate that enterprise characteristics significantly influence land acquisition,where microscale private enterprises lacking political connections often employ low-cost,bottom-up strategies by leveraging international experience.In summary,policy-makers in developing countries should prioritize enhancing OIP governance to mitigate transaction costs,promote diversified land supply,and optimize land allocation.By depicting China's OIP land acquisition processes,this study deepens the academic understanding of OIP governance in developing countries and related international land transactions,offering practical OIP management insights for governments in both host and parent countries.
文摘We do so much to prepare our children for the future,but are we doing enough to prepare the future for our children?To do so we must seek sustainability.Sustainability is a new way of thinking about an age-old concern:ensuring that our children and grandchildren inherit a tomorrow that is at least as good as today,preferably better.We want to make sure that the way we live our lives is sustainable that can continue and keep improving for long time.And since buildings produce half of all greenhouse gases and account for one-sixth of the world's freshwater withdrawals,one-quarter of its wood harvest and two fifths of its material and energy flows.By several estimates,we will double the size of the built environment over the next twenty to forty years.Therefore,there is a critical and immediate need to shift thinking on how the built environment is designed.To reduce environmental impact,protect public health and improve environmental equity and justice,we must change principles for building practice.Designers in general and architects in particular should play a high-profile leadership role in this transformation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001912 and 32370525)the Henan Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(232300420012)。
文摘The ecdysone-induced transcription factor E93 in model insects plays multiple roles in the insect metamorphosis processes,such as remodeling larval tissues and determining adult tissue formation.The knockdown of E93in insects leads to incomplete metamorphosis,suggesting that E93 is a potential target for pest control.In this study,the HaE93 gene in the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera,a polyphagous pest of various commercial crops worldwide,was identified and found to have high expression in the egg,prepupal,and pupal stages.The injection of ds HaE93 induced about 60%mortality in H.armigera at the larval-pupal stage.About 30%survived but showed delayed pupation and abnormal wings,and the females developed reduced ovaries.Therefore,about 90%of the HaE93 knockdown individuals failed to reproduce before they died.The results of qRT-PCR showed that the expression levels of ecdysone primary-response genes,chitin synthesis-related genes,and wing and ovary development-related genes were reduced in HaE93 knockdown H.armigera.These results indicated that HaE93plays a critical role in larva-pupa-adult metamorphosis and the development of the cuticle,wing,and ovary in female H.armigera by regulating the expression of the associated genes.Bioassays of ds HaE93 administered by either oral delivery or injection showed similar knockdown results,which suggested that HaE93 can be used as a target gene for the RNAi control of the pest H.armigera.
文摘The Emerging Markets and Developing Countries Forum on Bridging the AI Divide and Opening Ceremony of AIM Global CoE were held on July 27 in Minhang district,Shanghai.The event was hosted by AIM Global CoE,and co-organized by Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Research Institute(SAIRI),Shanghai Technology Innovation Center,Shanghai Grand Neobay Investment Development Group,and Organizing Committee of AI Journey Conference.Asian Association of Business Incubation(AABI)and SAIRI served as the international partners.
文摘Drug development is a complex and time-consuming endeavor that traditionally relies on the experience of drug developers and trial-and-error experimentation[1,2].The advent of artificial intelligence(AI)technologies,particularly emerging generative AI and large language model,is reshaping this traditional paradigm,offering new avenues for efficiency,precision,and innovation[3].In this special issue,we present an overview of AI applications across the entire drug development workflow.Topics include novel molecule generation,drug–target and drug–drug interaction network prediction,molecular property optimization,pharmaceutical research,and related areas.
文摘Building Information Modelling(BIM)technology can solve construction issues from multiple perspectives,including technical and managerial.While existing research has primarily focused on BIM’s benefits and framework development,few studies discussed whether BIM can be successfully applied in developing countries.This paper examines the current status and key obstacles hindering BIM adoption in developing countries,analyzing their underlying causes.Notably,the study reveals that high BIM awareness does not directly lead to high BIM usage.The findings aim to provide theoretical support for enhancing the BIM environment and increasing implementation feasibility in developing countries.Additionally,the research identifies critical barriers for governments to address in promoting BIM adoption,offering a foundation for policy formulation.
基金supported by a grant from the Zhejiang Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Plan Project(2019ZB101)。
文摘Hepatitis E virus(HEV)is the primary cause of acute viral hepatitis globally and is prevalent in many developing countries.Serological epidemiology studies[1,2]suggest that approximately onethird of the global population has been infected with HEV.There are an estimated 20 million new cases of HEV infection worldwide annually.World Health Organization(WHO)reported that HEV caused approximately 44000 deaths in 2015,which accounted for3.3%of deaths from viral hepatitis[3,4].Clinically,most cases of acute hepatitis E have a self-limiting course.However,co-infection with other viruses can increase the risk of acute or subacute liver failure.Hepatitis B virus(HBV)and HEV are highly prevalent in many regions worldwide,and these areas have high rates of coinfection with both viruses.The rate of co-infection with HEV among patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB)is high,resulting in more severe health outcomes and a significantly elevated risk of liver failure and death.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD1200600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32002110)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-20)。
文摘Blocking the development of edible mushrooms will affect the production cycle and yield of fruiting bodies.Phenylalanine ammonia lyase(PAL,EC 4.3.1.24.)is an enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of phenylalanine to form trans-cinnamic acid.Previous studies have shown that a decrease in pal1 gene transcription delays fruiting body development in Pleurotus ostreatus.Herein,we used wild type(WT)and RNA interference(RNAi)strains to study the molecular regulation of pal1 by RNA sequencing and Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation.Our results showed that interference with the pal1 gene resulted in reductions in the total PAL enzyme activity and the total phenol content,as well as an increase in the intracellular H_(2)O_(2)content.RNA-Seq data demonstrated that the significantly enriched KEGG terms were mainly related to the peroxisome pathway,MAPK signaling pathway-yeast and three other pathways,and the catalase(CAT)gene cat1 is also involved in multiple pathways that were enriched above.Exogenous H_(2)O_(2)significantly enhanced the transcription of the cat1 gene and elevated total CAT enzymatic activity.Moreover,the levels of cat1 gene transcription and the total CAT enzymatic activity in the RNAi-pal1 strains gradually become closer to those in the WT strain through the removal of H_(2)O_(2),which indicated that pal1 regulated the expression of cat1 by affecting the intracellular H_(2)O_(2)content.Finally,the overexpression of the cat1 gene in P.ostreatus caused growth retardation,especially during the process of primordia formation.In conclusion,this study demonstrated that PAL1 affects cat1 gene expression through the signaling molecule H_(2)O_(2)and regulates the development of P.ostreatus.The findings of this study enhance our understanding of the molecular developmental mechanism of edible mushrooms.
文摘Leptocybe invasa is an invasive pest,native to Australia,which causes serious damage to Eucalyptus all over the world.Here,we monitored gall development in resistant and susceptible Eucalyptus clones to determine whether plant genotype affects the durations of the different gall stages.Gall development varied among six Eucalyptus clones that differed in susceptibility to L.invasa viz.,PE-5,316,3011,PE-11,3020 and P-13 in Punjab in a nethouse.In susceptible clones PE-5 and 316,L.invasa emerged from both green and pink galls.Five stages of gall formation were found:Stage 1(tissue disruption),Stage 2(gall develop-ment),Stage 3(glossy pink),Stage 4(dull pink)and Stage 5(exit hole)in susceptible clones when adults emerged from pink galls.However,in resistant clones,adults emerged only from green galls,and galls formed in three stages.In the susceptible clones,when adults emerged from pink galls,the life cycle was 105–115 d;however,when adults emerged from green galls,the duration was significantly shorter(81–87 d).In the most-resistant clone,P-13,corky tissue formed after oviposition,and galls did not develop further.In the resistant clones(3020,PE-11 and 3011),adults emerged from green galls,and the life cycle lasted 90–96 d.When adults emerged from green galls in susceptible and resist-ant clones,Stage 1 lasted longer in resistant clones than in the susceptible;however,in susceptible clones,Stage 5 was longer.When adults emerged from pink galls in susceptible clones and from green galls in resistant clones,the life cycle was longer in susceptible clones.In susceptible clones,the number of emergence holes was significantly higher than resistant clones.Gall width and gall length also differed significantly between susceptible and resistant clones.The results showed that the Eucalyptus genotype had a signifi-cant effect on gall development induced by gall wasps.
文摘Strategic initiative:Entering Oman for a new strategy In 2004,the International Department of CNPC’s BGP took a crucial step in the Middle East market by successfully securing a seismic exploration project for the national oil company of Oman,Petroleum Development Oman(PDO).
文摘Chinese modernization transcends the conventional concept of modernization,as the Chinese wisdom behind it inspires innovative development.FOR a long time,many people have equated modernization with Westernization.This long held prejudice has proven false in the face of Chinese modernization.
基金funding from the U.S.-Kazakhstan University Partnerships program funded by the U.S.Mission to Kazakhstan and administered by American Councils[Award number SKZ100-19-CA-0149].
文摘Cultivation metaphors that compare teachers and students to gardeners and plants,respectively,have a long presence in the field of education.While such metaphors can be used to represent learner-centered pedagogies in which a teacher fosters the growth of their students,there is also a darker side to cultivation metaphors.For instance,Zipory(2020)argues that characteristics of agriculture’s grain economy-like repetitiveness,coercion,and lack of diversity-can be imposed onto education.Following Zipory’s call for the forest to serve as a more apt metaphorical trajectory for education,I propose using the forest garden as a middle ground between the traditional garden and the natural forest.To highlight the potential usefulness of the forest garden metaphor in education,I explore its application as related to teacher professional development(PD),specifically content and language integrated learning(CLIL)PD.By reflecting on the design and outcomes of Project SCILLA,a CLIL PD program for Kazakhstani university instructors,as well as CLIL PD more broadly,I demonstrate how the forest garden metaphor conceptualizes the relationships and power dynamics between and across various stakeholders in education in response to global rhetoric,national and local policies,and interpersonal interactions.By emulating the sustainable forest garden’s principles of planning and intentionality,localization,interconnectedness,diversity,creativity,and growth from decay,stakeholders can(re)shape the policies and practices of multilingual,multicultural education systems.In addition,education researchers can use a metaphorical forest garden lens to better appreciate the complexities at play within dynamic educational landscapes.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1500705)National Natural Science Foundation of China(U19A2035)for financial support。
文摘Strip-till(ST),including straw mulching in the inter-row and localized fertilization in the intra-row,is a conservation tillage system for improving soil quality and crop growth.However,the yield advantage of maize under ST compared to conventional tillage(CT)remains unstable,and the strategies to increase maize yield under ST are unclear.This study aims to understand the physiological mechanism underlining maize yield formation under ST by comparing two maize cultivars,DKM753 and DK517,with contrasting yield performance in ST versus CT systems.Compared to CT,ST resulted in a 4.5%yield increase for DKM753 but a 5.6%decrease for DK517.These yield differences were primarily attributed to variations in grain number per ear(GN).During the rapid growth stage(V14-R3),i.e.,two weeks before and after silking,DKM753 showed a 6.7%increase in maximum growth rate(V_(max))and a 6.3%increase in average growth rate(V)under ST,whereas DK517 exhibited decline of 8.5%in V_(max) and 12.3%in V.Significant positive correlations are observed between V_(max) and V with GN under ST(R^(2)=0.79 and R^(2)=0.90,respectively).Enhanced dry matter accumulation in DKM753 under ST was attributed to increased leaf expansion rates,contributing to a larger photosynthate source.The straw mulching and localized nitrogen fertilization increased root-zone nitrogen availability at silking in ST compared to CT.DKM753 had a greater root system which made better use of the soil N and lead to an increased leaf nitrogen accumulation by 14.9%under ST.It is concluded that maize yield under the strip-till system is determined by grain number per ear,which can be increased by increasing nitrogen accumulation,plant growth,and ear development around silking stage.A sound root system can efficiently utilize soil nitrogen resources under the strip-till system,increasing plant nitrogen accumulation and thereby promoting plant growth.
文摘The“14th Five-Year Plan”and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035 propose to strengthen the construction of strategic emerging industrial clusters,promote the deep integration of the internet,big data,artificial intelligence,blockchain technology,etc.with the real economy,facilitate the development of advanced manufacturing,and consider unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)as an important breakthrough,providing significant opportunities for the development of the UAV industry.Therefore,this article takes the current status of the UAV industry development as a starting point,analyzes the exploration and practice of the UAV development model based on the low-altitude economy,and discusses strategic suggestions to promote the development of UAVs empowered by the low-altitude economy.Through analysis,this article aims to provide theoretical references and practical guidance for promoting the sustainable development of the UAV industry under the wave of the low-altitude economy.
文摘The“14th Five-Year Plan”and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035 propose to strengthen the construction of strategic emerging industrial clusters,promote the deep integration of the internet,big data,artificial intelligence,blockchain technology,etc.with the real economy,facilitate the development of advanced manufacturing,and consider UAVs as an important breakthrough,providing significant opportunities for the development of the UAV industry.Therefore,this article takes the current status of the UAV industry development as a starting point,analyzes the exploration and practice of the UAV development model based on the low-altitude economy,and discusses strategic suggestions to promote the development of UAVs empowered by the low-altitude economy.Through analysis,this article aims to provide theoretical reference and practical guidance for promoting the sustainable development of the UAV industry under the wave of the low-altitude economy.
基金partially supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(2018YFA0801000,32270889,2019YFA0802800,32070824,2015CB942800,2016YFA0100500,31871458,31671500,and 81371264)supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation(5242009)a grant from the Fisheries Innovation Team of Beijing Agriculture Innovation Consortium(BAIC07-2023-02).
文摘The liver is a key endoderm-derived multifunctional organ within the digestive system.Prospero homeobox 1(Prox1)is an essential transcription factor for liver development,but its specific function is not well understood.Here,we show that hepatic development,including the formation of intrahepatic biliary and vascular networks,is severely disrupted in prox1a mutant zebrafish.We find that Prox1a is essential for liver growth and proper differentiation but not required for early hepatic cell fate specification.Intriguingly,prox1a depletion leads to ectopic initiation of a Cdx1b-mediated intestinal program and the formation of intestinal lumen-like structures within the liver.Morpholino knockdown of cdx1b alleviates liver defects in the prox1a mutant zebrafish.Finally,chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis reveals that Prox1a binds directly to the promoter region of cdx1b,thereby repressing its expression.Overall,our findings indicate that Prox1a is required to promote and protect hepatic development by repression of Cdx1b-mediated intestinal cell fate in zebrafish.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFD2400401)the Na-tional Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31672642).
文摘Circular RNAs(circRNAs)are a type of endogenous competitive RNA that can perform various functions and regulate a number of biological activities in organisms.Many studies have shown that circRNAs can modulate skeletal muscle development in animals.However,the effects of circRNAs on the skeletal muscle development of Japanese flounder and its regulatory mechanisms remain unclear.We screened circRNA_2111 from previously obtained transcriptomic data related to Japanese flounder skeletal mus-cle development.Derived from the tefb gene,it has been designated as circtefb.Circtefb was formed by the reverse splicing of two exons of tefb.Circtefb was more stable than its corresponding linear RNA.There was a significant difference in the expression of circtefb at different stages P1(90 d),P2(12 months)and P3(24 months)of Japanese flounder(p<0.05).Over-expression of circtefb in Japanese flounder myocytes resulted in a significant upregulation of proliferation marker genes ccnd1,ccnd2a and pcna(p<0.05),suggesting that it promoted proliferation of Japanese flounder myocytes.The expressions of ccnd1,ccnd2a,and pcna were signifi-cantly decreased after the transfection of pol-miR-138 into Japanese flounder myocytes(p<0.05).In addition,circtefb can suppress pol-miR-138 function by binding to it,which was detected by dual-Luciferase reporter assay and co-transfection of circtefb and pol-miR-138,thereby promoting the proliferation of Japanese flounder myocytes.The results indicated the function of circRNAs in Japanese flounder muscle development,,which is also helpful to understand the growth and development of other fish species.
