This article focuses on the clinical efficacy and mechanism of action of heatclearing and detoxifying traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)in the treatment of erosive gastritis,providing a reference for the treatment of...This article focuses on the clinical efficacy and mechanism of action of heatclearing and detoxifying traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)in the treatment of erosive gastritis,providing a reference for the treatment of this disease.In the clinical treatment of erosive gastritis,TCM combinations such as Qing Gastric San,Semixia Diarrheal Heart Soup,and single-flavored heat-clearing and detoxifying drugs such as dandelion and Huanglian have specific efficacies and effectively improve the patient's symptoms,including killing or inhibiting Helicobacter pylori,reducing inflammatory reactions,protecting the gastric mucosa,inhibiting gastric acid secretion,regulating gastrointestinal hormones,and regulating immune function,playing therapeutic roles through multi-level and multi-target mechanisms.Thus,heat-clearing and detoxifying TCMs have broad application prospects in clinical practice for erosive gastritis.展开更多
The polyphagous B-biotype of Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius） has demonstrated a high capacity to adapt to numerous hosts from diverse plant families. To illustrate induced responses by the host plant, biochemical researc...The polyphagous B-biotype of Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius） has demonstrated a high capacity to adapt to numerous hosts from diverse plant families. To illustrate induced responses by the host plant, biochemical research on eight plant-insect interaction correlative enzymes, representing detoxifying, antioxidant and digestive pathways, were investigated. Transferring whitefly adults to Zhongmian 23 from the pre-adapted host Zhongmian 41 induced activities of carboxylesterase （by 1.80-fold）, glutathione S-transferase （by 3.79-fold）, proteinase （by 1.62-fold） and amylase （by 2.41-fold） activities, hut decreased polyphenol oxidase （by 1.89-fold） and peroxidase （by 1.88-fold）. However, transferring whitefly adults to the favorite host abutilon from Zhongmian 41 was associated with increased activities of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase （by 1.61-fold） and amylase （by 1.42-fold）, and decreased activities of polyphenol oxidase （by 2.96-fold） and peroxidase （by 2.07-fold）. Our results, together with previous studies, proved that multiple pathways are involved in coping with host shifts by polyphagous herbivores, and the taxonomic status and preference of the host transferred would affect which pathway would be induced. These results would represent a key challenge in developing long-term sustainable insect control strategies.展开更多
The method to determine moniliformin content was established in our laboratory. The recovery rate is 97 7% while the moniliformin content in the sample is 8 8 mg/g. In comparison with different methods of detoxifyi...The method to determine moniliformin content was established in our laboratory. The recovery rate is 97 7% while the moniliformin content in the sample is 8 8 mg/g. In comparison with different methods of detoxifying moniliformin in water, the best antidote is chlorinated lime. 1 5 mg active chlorine in chlorinated lime was required to detoxify 1 mg moniliformin. 5% H 2O 2 spray was the best way for detoxifying moniliformin in grains. These two methods are convenient, economic and with no secondary pollution. They can be used for preventing human and livestock from the toxicity of moniliformin.展开更多
Methamidophos resistance of brown planthopper(BPH), Nilaparvata lugens was selected in laboratory for 19 generations (F1 to F19). The resistance development in BPH was approximatively shaped as the letter 'S' ...Methamidophos resistance of brown planthopper(BPH), Nilaparvata lugens was selected in laboratory for 19 generations (F1 to F19). The resistance development in BPH was approximatively shaped as the letter 'S' : resistance change was small before the fifth generation and after the fifteenth generation, and the changing pattern was sharp between the fifth and the fifteenth generation. Esterase might play an important role in the resistance development, because the esterase activity and the number of individuals with high activities increased along with the resistance development. The esterase activities of insecticide-sensitive population S, field population F0, its selective generations F5, F10 and F15 were highly correlated with the resistance ratios of these generations, and the coefficient was 0.9899. Mixed-function oxidases and glutathione S-transferase also might play some roles in the resistance development, but the big change in the activities of the two detoxifying enzymes both took place before the tenth generation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Heat-clearing and detoxifying drugs has protective effect on colorectal cancer(CRC).Given the complicated features of Traditional Chinese medicine formulas,network pharmacology is an effective approach for ...BACKGROUND Heat-clearing and detoxifying drugs has protective effect on colorectal cancer(CRC).Given the complicated features of Traditional Chinese medicine formulas,network pharmacology is an effective approach for studying the multiple interactions between drugs and diseases.AIM To systematically explore the anticancer mechanism of heat-clearing and detoxifying drug JC724.METHODS This study obtained the active compounds and their targets in JC724 from Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology Database.In addition,the CRC targets were obtained from Drugbank,TTD,DisGeNET and GeneCards databases.We performed transcriptome analysis of differentially expressed genes in CRC treated with JC724.Venn diagram was used to screen the JC724-CRC intersection targets as candidate targets.Core targets were selected by proteinprotein interaction network and herb ingredient-target-disease network analysis.The functional and pathway of core targets were analysed by enrichment analysis.RESULTS We found 174 active ingredients and 283 compound targets from JC724.940 CRC-related targets were reserved from the four databases and 304 CRC differentially expressed genes were obtained by transcriptome analysis.We constructed the network and found that the five core ingredients were quercetin,βBeta sitosterol,wogonin,kaempferol and baicalein.The core JC724-CRC targets were CYP1A1,HMOX1,CXCL8,NQO1 and FOSL1.JC724 acts on multiple signaling pathways associated with CRC,including the Nrf2 signaling pathway,oxidative stress,and the IL-17 signaling pathway.CONCLUSION In this study,we systematically analyzed the active ingredients,core targets and main mechanisms of JC724 in the treatment of CRC.This study could bring a new perspective to the heat-clearing and detoxifying therapy of CRC.展开更多
Objective:The purpose of this review was to evaluate the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine for activating blood circulation and detoxifying(ABCD)in patients with unstable angina pectoris.Methods:We perform...Objective:The purpose of this review was to evaluate the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine for activating blood circulation and detoxifying(ABCD)in patients with unstable angina pectoris.Methods:We performed an electronic literature search of six medical databases for relevant articles published up to December 2014.Randomized controlled trials that compared ABCD Chinese medicine(alone or alongside conventional drugs)with conventional drugs or other Chinese medicines alone were included.A meta-analysis was performed for the following outcome measures:reduction of angina symptoms,electrocardiogram improvement,blood lipid levels,inflammatory factor levels,and plasma fibrinogen levels.Results:In total,11 moderate-to low-quality studies involving 686 patients were included.The evidence indicated that ABCD Chinese medicine exhibited superior effectiveness in relieving angina symptoms compared with conventional drugs[relative risk,1.23;95%confidence interval,1.05e1.44];however,electrocardiogram improvement was not very significant(relative risk,1.21;95%confidence interval,0.91e1.62).Moreover,ABCD Chinese medicine exhibited superior anti-inflammatory,anticoagulant,and lipid-lowering effects compared with other medicines.Conclusions:Within the methodological limitations of the included studies,our results suggest that ABCD Chinese medicine is beneficial for the treatment of unstable angina pectoris.展开更多
Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)detoxifying wash in the treatment of tinea versicolor with gastrointestinal dampness-heat syndrome.Methods:Ninety-three patient...Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)detoxifying wash in the treatment of tinea versicolor with gastrointestinal dampness-heat syndrome.Methods:Ninety-three patients with tinea versicolor were randomly divided into observation group(48 cases)and control group(45 cases).This study was a single-blind,randomized controlled trial.The observation group was treated with external application of detoxifying wash,whereas the control group was treated with 1%bifonazole solution.Both groups received treatment for 20 days,with 10 days as one course.The clinical efficacy and adverse reactions were recorded after treatment.Results:After treatment,the observation group showed significant improvement in clinical indicators,including erythema,scales,itching,and skin greasiness.After 10 days of treatment,there was no significant difference in clinical efficacy between the two groups.After 20 days,the cure rate,effective rate,and fungal clearance rate in the observation group were higher than those of the control group,indicating superior clinical efficacy.No significant adverse reactions were observed in either group during treatment.Conclusion:Detoxifying wash is safe and effective in treating tinea versicolor with gastrointestinal dampness-heat syndrome.展开更多
Plutella xylostella,a major pest of cruciferous vegetables worldwide,has developed resistance to diamide insecticides.Thiotraniliprole,a novel synthetic diamide insecticide,exhibits excellent activity against P.xylost...Plutella xylostella,a major pest of cruciferous vegetables worldwide,has developed resistance to diamide insecticides.Thiotraniliprole,a novel synthetic diamide insecticide,exhibits excellent activity against P.xylostella.In the present study,we aimed to confirm the resistance risk,cross-resistance,and mechanisms of resistance to thiotraniliprole in P.xylostella.After 40 consecutive generations of thiotraniliprole selection,we obtained a thiotraniliprole-resistance P.xylostella strain with a 5141.58-fold resistance ratio(RR)to thiotraniliprole.The overall realized heritability(h^(2))value of resistance was estimated as 0.9 using threshold trait analysis,indicating that the risk of developing resistance to thiotraniliprole is high in P.xylostella.The thiotraniliprole-resistant(TR)strain showed noticeable cross-resistance to chlorantraniliprole(RR=44670.05),cyantraniliprole(RR=7038.58),and tetrachlorantraniliprole(RR=1506.01),but no cross-resistance to tolfenpyrad,indoxacarb,diafenthiuron,or abamectin compared with the susceptible(S)strain.The enzyme assay data showed that the activities of glutathione-S transferase(GST),carboxylesterase(CarE),and the content of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase(P450s)were significantly higher in the TR strain than in the S strain.Sequencing of the full-length PxRyR cDNA revealed the gene site I4790K in the TR strain with a 100%frequency.This mutation in PxRyR likely underlies the high-level cross-resistance between thiotraniliprole and three other diamide insecticides.These findings provide valuable information for optimizing resistance management strategies to delay thiotraniliprole resistance development and ensure sustainable control of P.xylostella.展开更多
This paper first analyzes the complexity of pathological processes involved in acute hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke,including primary and secondary brain injury manifestations and mechanisms,potential transformations ...This paper first analyzes the complexity of pathological processes involved in acute hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke,including primary and secondary brain injury manifestations and mechanisms,potential transformations between hemorrhage and infarction,and the impact of postbrain injury inflammation on disease progression.Based on decades of extensive clinical and pharmacological research on the usage of Chinese herbal medicine(CHM)monomers or formulas that promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis(such as Angong Niuhuang Wan,Buyang Huanwu Tang,Dahuoluo Wan,and Dushen Tang)for stroke treatment,it proposes that tonifying qi,promoting blood circulation,removing blood stasis,and detoxifying are rational treatment principles of CHM.These principles correspond to the following Western medical implications:tonifying qi corresponds to neuroprotection effects,promoting blood circulation corresponds to anticoagulation and thrombolysis,removing blood stasis addresses hematoma absorption and cerebral edema reduction,and detoxifying corresponds to anti-inflammatory actions.This paper further proposes from a systems medicine perspective that acute stroke is a complex disease requiring individualized CHM treatment with timely modifications rather than a one-sizefits-all approach.CHM monomers or formulas for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis,which have various effects such as lowering blood pressure,hemostasis,anticoagulation,antiplatelet,anti-inflammatory,promoting fibrinolysis,and edema reduction,must align with disease progression and be applied within appropriate therapeutic time windows to ensure efficacy and safety.Finally,this paper suggests that a combined use of acupuncture and CHM can potentially synergistically leverage their respective therapeutic strengths.Additionally,acupuncture shows clear benefits in the acute phase of intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH),such as stimulating the vagus nerve to enhance cerebral blood flow,reducing inflammation,as well as triggering hemostatic effects.By applying these rational treatment principles in an integrated approach,better CHM treatment outcomes and higher efficacy of stroke management may be attained.展开更多
Objective： To observe the regulatory effect of Chinese drugs for activating blood circulation （ABC） and for activating blood circulation and detoxifying （ABCD） on indices of thrombosis, inflammatory reaction, and...Objective： To observe the regulatory effect of Chinese drugs for activating blood circulation （ABC） and for activating blood circulation and detoxifying （ABCD） on indices of thrombosis, inflammatory reaction, and tissue damage in a rabbit model of toxin-heat and blood stasis syndrome. Methods： Fifty-four rabbits were randomized into the normal control group, model group, simvastatin group （simvastatin, 0.93 mg/kg per day）, ABC group [Xiongshao Capsule （~ff_）, 0.07 g/kg per day], and ABCD group [Xiongshao Capsule, 0.07 g/kg per day, and Huanglian Capsule （-~L^t）, 0.14 g/kg per day]. All except the normal control group received a single injection of bovine serum albumin and were fed with high-fat diets for 6 weeks. At the end of week 4 of giving high- fat diets, a dose of endoxitin was given by ear vein injection, and a randomized 2-week treatment was initiated. At the end of treatment, blood lipids, circulating endothelial cells, and the pathological changes of the aortic arch were assessed. The serum levels of matrix metalloproteinases （MMP-9）, tissue inhibitors to metalloproteinase （TIMP-1）, granule membrane protein-140 （GMP-140）, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 （PAl-l）, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein （hs-CRP）, interleukin-6 （IL-6）, and tumor necrosis factor- ~ （TNF- oL ） were determined. Results： Compared with the model group, ABCD group showed decreased serum triglycaride （TG） level, improvement in the pathological change in the aortic arch, and reduction in the number of circulating endothelial cells （4.00_＋ 1.41 per 0.9 p~ L for ABCD group vs 7.83_＋ 1.72 per 0.9 μL for the model group）. In addition, the levels of serum GMP-140, PAl-l, and IL-6 in ABCD group were also significantly reduced [0.79＋0.20 ng/mL, 5.23± 1.39 ng/mL, 40.64 ± 10.11 pg/mL for ABCD group vs 1.08 ± 0.31 ng/mL, 7.28± 2.01 ng/mL, 54.44 ± 13.56 pg/mL for the model group, respectively, P〈0.05]. A trend showing improvement in the indices of thrombosis, inflammatory reaction, and tissue damage was observed in the ABC group when compared to the model group, but the changes were not statistically significant （P〉0.05）. Conclusions： Chinese drugs for activating blood circulation and detoxifying have beneficial effects on regulating indices of thrombosis （GMP-140 and PAl-l） and inflammatory reaction （IL-6） in rabbit model with toxic-heat and blood stasis. The effect of the activating blood circulation and detoxifying drugs in regulating the levels of serum GMP-140, PAl-l, and IL-6 was superior to that of the activating blood circulation drugs.展开更多
Objective：To observe the pharmaceutical effect of Chinese drugs for activating blood circulation （Xiongshao Capsule,XSC,芎芍胶囊）and for activating blood circulation and detoxification（Xiongshao Capsule and Huangl...Objective：To observe the pharmaceutical effect of Chinese drugs for activating blood circulation （Xiongshao Capsule,XSC,芎芍胶囊）and for activating blood circulation and detoxification（Xiongshao Capsule and Huanglian Capsule,XSHLC,黄连胶囊）in terms of the indices of thrombosis,inflammatory reaction and tissue damage related factors in experimental carotid artery thrombosis rats.Methods：Fifty Wistar rats were randomly divided into the sham operation group,the model group,the Simvastatin group（SG）,the activating blood circulation（ABC）group,and the activating blood circulation and detoxifying（ABCD）group,with 10 rats in each group.Simvastatin（1.8 mg/kg）,XSC（0.135 g/kg）and XSHLC（0.135 g/kg）were administered to Simvastatin,ABC and ABCD group by gastrogavage,and an equal volume of normal saline was given to the sham operation group and the model group.After 2 weeks of successive medication,the rats in the model and all drug therapy groups were made into experimental carotid artery thrombosis model.The serum levels of matrix metalloproteinases（MMP-9）,tissue inhibitors to metalloproteinase（TIMP-1）,granule membrane protein-140（GMP-140）,tissue-type plasminogen activator（t-PA）,high-sensitivity C-reactive protein（hs-CRP） and interleukin-6（IL-6）were detected with enzyme-linked immunoassay 24 h later.Results：Compared with the model group,the levels of serum GMP-140,hs-CRP,IL-6 and MMP-9 were significantly decreased,and the level of t-PA was significantly increased in the ABC and ABCD group（P〈0.05）,while the level of serum hs-CRP in ABCD group decreased significantly compared with that in the ABC group（P〈0.05）.Conclusions：Chinese drugs both for activating blood circulation and for activating blood circulation and detoxifying have good effects on regulating indices of thrombosis,inflammatory reaction and tissue damage in experimental carotid artery thrombosis rats.The effect of activating blood circulation and detoxifying drugs on regulating the level of serum hs-CRP is superior to that of activating blood circulation drug alone.展开更多
Methamidophos resistance of brown planthopper ( Nilaparvata lugens Stl, BPH) was selected in laboratory. After successive selection for 9 generations, the selection was ceased by rearing BPH without contact with an...Methamidophos resistance of brown planthopper ( Nilaparvata lugens Stl, BPH) was selected in laboratory. After successive selection for 9 generations, the selection was ceased by rearing BPH without contact with any insecticide for 9 generations. In the full course, the successive changes of esterase activity, MFO activity, GSTs activity and AChE insensitivity were analyzed. The results showed that the change of esterase activity was high correlated with that of methamidophos in the full course, which indicated that esterase played very important role both in the resistance development and in the resistance decline. However, the change of AChE insensitivity only significantly correlated with that of resistance in the development stage, and the change of MFO activity or GSTs activity only significantly correlated with that of the resistance in the decline stage, which indicated the changes of AChE insensitivity, MFO activity or GSTs activity only played some roles in different stages of the resistance change.展开更多
Although having five different ways of transmission the vector-borne is the principal way of transmission of Chagas disease, which involves insects of the subfamily Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Nineteen of the...Although having five different ways of transmission the vector-borne is the principal way of transmission of Chagas disease, which involves insects of the subfamily Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Nineteen of the 31 species that occur in Mexico are associated with humans, and all are capable of transmitting the disease. Pyrethroids are the insecticides recommended for the control of these vectors in Mexico. We determined the susceptibility to the pyrethroids dcltamethrin and permethrin of peridomestic populations of Triatoma mazzottii Usinger and two populations of Triatoma longipetmis Usinger in comparison with a reference strain for each species. Bioassays were performed for the determination of the LD50 for both field populations and reference strains. A maximum of 27 fold resistance to deltamethrin was observed in T. mazzottii, meanwhile, for permethrin, T. longipennis from Jalisco show the highest value of 3.19 fold. There was significantly increased activity of esterases in field populations in comparison with their corresponding reference strain. The results of the search of kdr mutations related to the resistance to deltamethrin and permethrin in the evaluated species show the presence of mutations in the field populations, as is the case with individuals of T. mazzottii, for which the mutation was found A943V, and for the two populations of T. longipennis included in this study, we report the presence of the kdr mutation K964R. Evaluation of the various mechanisms involved in resistance to pyrethroids in triatomines from Mexico could guide us to the real justification for insecticide resistance monitoring.展开更多
Objective:To examine the effects of modified Shenmai Yin on invigorating vital energy, promoting blood flow, and protection against neural impairment in an endotoxin-induced shock rat model. Methods: Ninety-six SD rat...Objective:To examine the effects of modified Shenmai Yin on invigorating vital energy, promoting blood flow, and protection against neural impairment in an endotoxin-induced shock rat model. Methods: Ninety-six SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham operation (saline 20 ml/kg), shock model (lipopolysaccharide, LPS, 8 mg/kg), Reformed Shengmai Yin (加味生脉饮 Pulse-activating Decoction) (LPS 8 mg/kg + reformed Shengmai Yin Injection 10 ml/kg), and dexamethasone (LPS 8 mg/kg + dexamethasone 5 mg/kg) groups. Each group was subdivided into 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, and 6 h time points for observation. The carotid artery was separated and connected with a biological functional system to monitor mean arterial pressure (MAP). Brain water levels, malonaldehyde (MDA) content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were also determined. Results: In the shock model group, MAP was progressively decreased after injection of LPS, brain water and MDA contents were increased, brain SOD activity was decreased, and capillary vessel edema in brain tissue was also observed. All these parameters were improved significantly in both treatment groups, although the effects were more marked with Shengmai Yin than with dexamethasone. Conclusion: Modified Shengmai Yin exhibits strong anti-shock and neuroprotective effects against Endotoxininduced shock.展开更多
The objective of this study was to examine the effect ofbenzo[a]pyrene （BaP） on the detoxification and antioxidant systems of two microalgae, Isochrysis zhanjiangensis and Platymonas subcordiformis. In our study, th...The objective of this study was to examine the effect ofbenzo[a]pyrene （BaP） on the detoxification and antioxidant systems of two microalgae, Isochrysis zhanjiangensis and Platymonas subcordiformis. In our study, these two algae were exposed to BaP for 4 days at three different concentrations including 0.5 μg L-1 （low）, 3 μg L-1 （mid） and 18 μg L-1 （high）. The activity of detoxi- fication enzymes, ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase （EROD） and glutathione S-transferase （GST） increased in P subcordiformis in all BaP-treated groups. In 1. zhanjiangensis, the activity of these two enzymes increased at the beginning of exposure, and then de- creased in the groups treated with mid- and high BaP. The activity of antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase （SOD） increased in/. zhanjiangensis in all BaP-treated groups, and then decreased in high BaP-treated group, while no significant change was observed in P subcordiformis. The activity of antioxidant enzyme catalase （CAT） increased in I. zhanjiangensis and P subcordiformis in all BaP- treated groups. The content of malondialdehyde （MDA） in Isochrysis zhanjiangensis increased first, and then decreased in high BaP-treated group, while no change occurred in P. subcordiformis. These results demonstrated that BaP significantly influenced the activity of detoxifying and antioxidant enzymes in microalgae. The metabolic related enzymes （EROD, GST and CAT） may serve as sensitive biomarkers of measuring the contamination level of BaP in marine water.展开更多
Earthworms promises to provide cheaper solutions to several social, economic and environmental problems plaguing the human society. Earthworms can safely manage all municipal and industrial organic wastes including se...Earthworms promises to provide cheaper solutions to several social, economic and environmental problems plaguing the human society. Earthworms can safely manage all municipal and industrial organic wastes including sewage sludge and divert them from ending up in the landfills. Their body work as a ‘biofilter’ and they can ‘purify’ and also ‘disinfect’ and ‘detoxify’ municipal and several industrial wastewater. They reduce the BOD & COD loads and the TDSS of wastewater significantly. They can even remove the EDCs (endocrine disrupting chemicals) from sewage which is not removed by the conventional sewage treatments plants. Earthworms can bio-accumulate and bio-transform many chemical contaminants including heavy metals and organic pollutants in soil and clean-up the contaminated lands for re-development. Earthworms restore & improve soil fertility by their secretions (growth hormones) and excreta (vermicast with beneficial soil microbes) & boost ‘crop productivity’. They have potential to replace the environmentally destructive chemical fertilizers from farm production. The ‘protein rich’ earthworm biomass is being used for production of ‘nutritive feed materials’ for fishery, dairy & poultry industries. They are also being used as ‘raw materials’ for rubber, lubricant and detergent industries. The bioactive compounds isolated from earthworms are finding new uses in production of ‘life saving medicines’ for cardiovascular diseases and cancer cure.展开更多
Radiotherapy is an essential method in the comprehensive treatment of malignant tumors.However,radiation proctitis(RP)is a common complication of pelvic tumors after radiotherapy.Due to RP's various etiology and c...Radiotherapy is an essential method in the comprehensive treatment of malignant tumors.However,radiation proctitis(RP)is a common complication of pelvic tumors after radiotherapy.Due to RP's various etiology and complex pathogenesis,it is currently no standard for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)treatment.Professor Yuan-hong Zhao believes that refractory RP,which is named chronic hemorrhagic radiation proctitis(CHRP),should be classified as"Intestinal Wind Bleeding"(Bleeding like a note before defecation,bright red blood,no swelling and pain in the anus)and"Intestinal Afflux"(Refers to the symptoms of pus and blood in the lower mucus,similar to ulcerative colitis,peptic ulcer and other diseases in modern medicine.)in TCM.The critical pathogenesis of CHRP lies in local stasis and collaterals injury of intestinal collaterals.In general,it is a syndrome of excess and scarcity.External treatment with TCM is the preferred treatment strategy for CHRP,and the primary way is to disperse blood stasis and detoxify and nourish the intestinal collaterals.展开更多
In recent years,due to excessive emission of industrial waste,wastewater irrigation,and unreasonable utilization of fertilizers,pesticides and plastic sheeting,heavy metal pollution is increasing rapidly,resulting in ...In recent years,due to excessive emission of industrial waste,wastewater irrigation,and unreasonable utilization of fertilizers,pesticides and plastic sheeting,heavy metal pollution is increasing rapidly,resulting in many environmental problems.Silicon(Si),as the second most abundant element in the soil,can not only stimulate plant growth,but alleviate various biotic and abiotic stresses,including heavy metal stress.Here,we reviewed recent advances in the mechanisms for Si-mediated heavy metal tolerance in plants.These mechanisms included reducing active heavy metal ions in growth media,reducing heavy metal transport to the shoot,stimulating enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants,chelation,compartmentation,regulation of the expression of metal transport genes,and structural changes in plants.Further research orientation is also discussed.展开更多
基金Supported by National Science and Technology Major Project,No.2024ZD0521002The Innovation Team Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province,No.LNZYYCXTD-CCCX-003+1 种基金General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82074296Construction Project of Inheritance Studios of Famous Chinese Medicine Experts in China,No.[2022]No.75.
文摘This article focuses on the clinical efficacy and mechanism of action of heatclearing and detoxifying traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)in the treatment of erosive gastritis,providing a reference for the treatment of this disease.In the clinical treatment of erosive gastritis,TCM combinations such as Qing Gastric San,Semixia Diarrheal Heart Soup,and single-flavored heat-clearing and detoxifying drugs such as dandelion and Huanglian have specific efficacies and effectively improve the patient's symptoms,including killing or inhibiting Helicobacter pylori,reducing inflammatory reactions,protecting the gastric mucosa,inhibiting gastric acid secretion,regulating gastrointestinal hormones,and regulating immune function,playing therapeutic roles through multi-level and multi-target mechanisms.Thus,heat-clearing and detoxifying TCMs have broad application prospects in clinical practice for erosive gastritis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30800131)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China(2012ZYTS043)
文摘The polyphagous B-biotype of Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius） has demonstrated a high capacity to adapt to numerous hosts from diverse plant families. To illustrate induced responses by the host plant, biochemical research on eight plant-insect interaction correlative enzymes, representing detoxifying, antioxidant and digestive pathways, were investigated. Transferring whitefly adults to Zhongmian 23 from the pre-adapted host Zhongmian 41 induced activities of carboxylesterase （by 1.80-fold）, glutathione S-transferase （by 3.79-fold）, proteinase （by 1.62-fold） and amylase （by 2.41-fold） activities, hut decreased polyphenol oxidase （by 1.89-fold） and peroxidase （by 1.88-fold）. However, transferring whitefly adults to the favorite host abutilon from Zhongmian 41 was associated with increased activities of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase （by 1.61-fold） and amylase （by 1.42-fold）, and decreased activities of polyphenol oxidase （by 2.96-fold） and peroxidase （by 2.07-fold）. Our results, together with previous studies, proved that multiple pathways are involved in coping with host shifts by polyphagous herbivores, and the taxonomic status and preference of the host transferred would affect which pathway would be induced. These results would represent a key challenge in developing long-term sustainable insect control strategies.
文摘The method to determine moniliformin content was established in our laboratory. The recovery rate is 97 7% while the moniliformin content in the sample is 8 8 mg/g. In comparison with different methods of detoxifying moniliformin in water, the best antidote is chlorinated lime. 1 5 mg active chlorine in chlorinated lime was required to detoxify 1 mg moniliformin. 5% H 2O 2 spray was the best way for detoxifying moniliformin in grains. These two methods are convenient, economic and with no secondary pollution. They can be used for preventing human and livestock from the toxicity of moniliformin.
文摘Methamidophos resistance of brown planthopper(BPH), Nilaparvata lugens was selected in laboratory for 19 generations (F1 to F19). The resistance development in BPH was approximatively shaped as the letter 'S' : resistance change was small before the fifth generation and after the fifteenth generation, and the changing pattern was sharp between the fifth and the fifteenth generation. Esterase might play an important role in the resistance development, because the esterase activity and the number of individuals with high activities increased along with the resistance development. The esterase activities of insecticide-sensitive population S, field population F0, its selective generations F5, F10 and F15 were highly correlated with the resistance ratios of these generations, and the coefficient was 0.9899. Mixed-function oxidases and glutathione S-transferase also might play some roles in the resistance development, but the big change in the activities of the two detoxifying enzymes both took place before the tenth generation.
基金Supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82074061Beijing Natural Science Foundation Proposed Program,No.7202076.
文摘BACKGROUND Heat-clearing and detoxifying drugs has protective effect on colorectal cancer(CRC).Given the complicated features of Traditional Chinese medicine formulas,network pharmacology is an effective approach for studying the multiple interactions between drugs and diseases.AIM To systematically explore the anticancer mechanism of heat-clearing and detoxifying drug JC724.METHODS This study obtained the active compounds and their targets in JC724 from Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology Database.In addition,the CRC targets were obtained from Drugbank,TTD,DisGeNET and GeneCards databases.We performed transcriptome analysis of differentially expressed genes in CRC treated with JC724.Venn diagram was used to screen the JC724-CRC intersection targets as candidate targets.Core targets were selected by proteinprotein interaction network and herb ingredient-target-disease network analysis.The functional and pathway of core targets were analysed by enrichment analysis.RESULTS We found 174 active ingredients and 283 compound targets from JC724.940 CRC-related targets were reserved from the four databases and 304 CRC differentially expressed genes were obtained by transcriptome analysis.We constructed the network and found that the five core ingredients were quercetin,βBeta sitosterol,wogonin,kaempferol and baicalein.The core JC724-CRC targets were CYP1A1,HMOX1,CXCL8,NQO1 and FOSL1.JC724 acts on multiple signaling pathways associated with CRC,including the Nrf2 signaling pathway,oxidative stress,and the IL-17 signaling pathway.CONCLUSION In this study,we systematically analyzed the active ingredients,core targets and main mechanisms of JC724 in the treatment of CRC.This study could bring a new perspective to the heat-clearing and detoxifying therapy of CRC.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81030063 and no.81202837)。
文摘Objective:The purpose of this review was to evaluate the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine for activating blood circulation and detoxifying(ABCD)in patients with unstable angina pectoris.Methods:We performed an electronic literature search of six medical databases for relevant articles published up to December 2014.Randomized controlled trials that compared ABCD Chinese medicine(alone or alongside conventional drugs)with conventional drugs or other Chinese medicines alone were included.A meta-analysis was performed for the following outcome measures:reduction of angina symptoms,electrocardiogram improvement,blood lipid levels,inflammatory factor levels,and plasma fibrinogen levels.Results:In total,11 moderate-to low-quality studies involving 686 patients were included.The evidence indicated that ABCD Chinese medicine exhibited superior effectiveness in relieving angina symptoms compared with conventional drugs[relative risk,1.23;95%confidence interval,1.05e1.44];however,electrocardiogram improvement was not very significant(relative risk,1.21;95%confidence interval,0.91e1.62).Moreover,ABCD Chinese medicine exhibited superior anti-inflammatory,anticoagulant,and lipid-lowering effects compared with other medicines.Conclusions:Within the methodological limitations of the included studies,our results suggest that ABCD Chinese medicine is beneficial for the treatment of unstable angina pectoris.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China General Project(No.82374618)Qin Chuangyuan Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry Innovation Cluster Project(L2024-QCY-ZYYJJQ-X18).
文摘Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)detoxifying wash in the treatment of tinea versicolor with gastrointestinal dampness-heat syndrome.Methods:Ninety-three patients with tinea versicolor were randomly divided into observation group(48 cases)and control group(45 cases).This study was a single-blind,randomized controlled trial.The observation group was treated with external application of detoxifying wash,whereas the control group was treated with 1%bifonazole solution.Both groups received treatment for 20 days,with 10 days as one course.The clinical efficacy and adverse reactions were recorded after treatment.Results:After treatment,the observation group showed significant improvement in clinical indicators,including erythema,scales,itching,and skin greasiness.After 10 days of treatment,there was no significant difference in clinical efficacy between the two groups.After 20 days,the cure rate,effective rate,and fungal clearance rate in the observation group were higher than those of the control group,indicating superior clinical efficacy.No significant adverse reactions were observed in either group during treatment.Conclusion:Detoxifying wash is safe and effective in treating tinea versicolor with gastrointestinal dampness-heat syndrome.
基金Supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Public Welfare Technology Application Research Program(No:LGN21C140001).
文摘Plutella xylostella,a major pest of cruciferous vegetables worldwide,has developed resistance to diamide insecticides.Thiotraniliprole,a novel synthetic diamide insecticide,exhibits excellent activity against P.xylostella.In the present study,we aimed to confirm the resistance risk,cross-resistance,and mechanisms of resistance to thiotraniliprole in P.xylostella.After 40 consecutive generations of thiotraniliprole selection,we obtained a thiotraniliprole-resistance P.xylostella strain with a 5141.58-fold resistance ratio(RR)to thiotraniliprole.The overall realized heritability(h^(2))value of resistance was estimated as 0.9 using threshold trait analysis,indicating that the risk of developing resistance to thiotraniliprole is high in P.xylostella.The thiotraniliprole-resistant(TR)strain showed noticeable cross-resistance to chlorantraniliprole(RR=44670.05),cyantraniliprole(RR=7038.58),and tetrachlorantraniliprole(RR=1506.01),but no cross-resistance to tolfenpyrad,indoxacarb,diafenthiuron,or abamectin compared with the susceptible(S)strain.The enzyme assay data showed that the activities of glutathione-S transferase(GST),carboxylesterase(CarE),and the content of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase(P450s)were significantly higher in the TR strain than in the S strain.Sequencing of the full-length PxRyR cDNA revealed the gene site I4790K in the TR strain with a 100%frequency.This mutation in PxRyR likely underlies the high-level cross-resistance between thiotraniliprole and three other diamide insecticides.These findings provide valuable information for optimizing resistance management strategies to delay thiotraniliprole resistance development and ensure sustainable control of P.xylostella.
文摘This paper first analyzes the complexity of pathological processes involved in acute hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke,including primary and secondary brain injury manifestations and mechanisms,potential transformations between hemorrhage and infarction,and the impact of postbrain injury inflammation on disease progression.Based on decades of extensive clinical and pharmacological research on the usage of Chinese herbal medicine(CHM)monomers or formulas that promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis(such as Angong Niuhuang Wan,Buyang Huanwu Tang,Dahuoluo Wan,and Dushen Tang)for stroke treatment,it proposes that tonifying qi,promoting blood circulation,removing blood stasis,and detoxifying are rational treatment principles of CHM.These principles correspond to the following Western medical implications:tonifying qi corresponds to neuroprotection effects,promoting blood circulation corresponds to anticoagulation and thrombolysis,removing blood stasis addresses hematoma absorption and cerebral edema reduction,and detoxifying corresponds to anti-inflammatory actions.This paper further proposes from a systems medicine perspective that acute stroke is a complex disease requiring individualized CHM treatment with timely modifications rather than a one-sizefits-all approach.CHM monomers or formulas for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis,which have various effects such as lowering blood pressure,hemostasis,anticoagulation,antiplatelet,anti-inflammatory,promoting fibrinolysis,and edema reduction,must align with disease progression and be applied within appropriate therapeutic time windows to ensure efficacy and safety.Finally,this paper suggests that a combined use of acupuncture and CHM can potentially synergistically leverage their respective therapeutic strengths.Additionally,acupuncture shows clear benefits in the acute phase of intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH),such as stimulating the vagus nerve to enhance cerebral blood flow,reducing inflammation,as well as triggering hemostatic effects.By applying these rational treatment principles in an integrated approach,better CHM treatment outcomes and higher efficacy of stroke management may be attained.
基金Supported by National Basic Research Program of China(No. 2006CB504803 and No.81030063)
文摘Objective： To observe the regulatory effect of Chinese drugs for activating blood circulation （ABC） and for activating blood circulation and detoxifying （ABCD） on indices of thrombosis, inflammatory reaction, and tissue damage in a rabbit model of toxin-heat and blood stasis syndrome. Methods： Fifty-four rabbits were randomized into the normal control group, model group, simvastatin group （simvastatin, 0.93 mg/kg per day）, ABC group [Xiongshao Capsule （~ff_）, 0.07 g/kg per day], and ABCD group [Xiongshao Capsule, 0.07 g/kg per day, and Huanglian Capsule （-~L^t）, 0.14 g/kg per day]. All except the normal control group received a single injection of bovine serum albumin and were fed with high-fat diets for 6 weeks. At the end of week 4 of giving high- fat diets, a dose of endoxitin was given by ear vein injection, and a randomized 2-week treatment was initiated. At the end of treatment, blood lipids, circulating endothelial cells, and the pathological changes of the aortic arch were assessed. The serum levels of matrix metalloproteinases （MMP-9）, tissue inhibitors to metalloproteinase （TIMP-1）, granule membrane protein-140 （GMP-140）, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 （PAl-l）, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein （hs-CRP）, interleukin-6 （IL-6）, and tumor necrosis factor- ~ （TNF- oL ） were determined. Results： Compared with the model group, ABCD group showed decreased serum triglycaride （TG） level, improvement in the pathological change in the aortic arch, and reduction in the number of circulating endothelial cells （4.00_＋ 1.41 per 0.9 p~ L for ABCD group vs 7.83_＋ 1.72 per 0.9 μL for the model group）. In addition, the levels of serum GMP-140, PAl-l, and IL-6 in ABCD group were also significantly reduced [0.79＋0.20 ng/mL, 5.23± 1.39 ng/mL, 40.64 ± 10.11 pg/mL for ABCD group vs 1.08 ± 0.31 ng/mL, 7.28± 2.01 ng/mL, 54.44 ± 13.56 pg/mL for the model group, respectively, P〈0.05]. A trend showing improvement in the indices of thrombosis, inflammatory reaction, and tissue damage was observed in the ABC group when compared to the model group, but the changes were not statistically significant （P〉0.05）. Conclusions： Chinese drugs for activating blood circulation and detoxifying have beneficial effects on regulating indices of thrombosis （GMP-140 and PAl-l） and inflammatory reaction （IL-6） in rabbit model with toxic-heat and blood stasis. The effect of the activating blood circulation and detoxifying drugs in regulating the levels of serum GMP-140, PAl-l, and IL-6 was superior to that of the activating blood circulation drugs.
基金Supported by National Basic Research Program of China(No. 2006CB504803)
文摘Objective：To observe the pharmaceutical effect of Chinese drugs for activating blood circulation （Xiongshao Capsule,XSC,芎芍胶囊）and for activating blood circulation and detoxification（Xiongshao Capsule and Huanglian Capsule,XSHLC,黄连胶囊）in terms of the indices of thrombosis,inflammatory reaction and tissue damage related factors in experimental carotid artery thrombosis rats.Methods：Fifty Wistar rats were randomly divided into the sham operation group,the model group,the Simvastatin group（SG）,the activating blood circulation（ABC）group,and the activating blood circulation and detoxifying（ABCD）group,with 10 rats in each group.Simvastatin（1.8 mg/kg）,XSC（0.135 g/kg）and XSHLC（0.135 g/kg）were administered to Simvastatin,ABC and ABCD group by gastrogavage,and an equal volume of normal saline was given to the sham operation group and the model group.After 2 weeks of successive medication,the rats in the model and all drug therapy groups were made into experimental carotid artery thrombosis model.The serum levels of matrix metalloproteinases（MMP-9）,tissue inhibitors to metalloproteinase（TIMP-1）,granule membrane protein-140（GMP-140）,tissue-type plasminogen activator（t-PA）,high-sensitivity C-reactive protein（hs-CRP） and interleukin-6（IL-6）were detected with enzyme-linked immunoassay 24 h later.Results：Compared with the model group,the levels of serum GMP-140,hs-CRP,IL-6 and MMP-9 were significantly decreased,and the level of t-PA was significantly increased in the ABC and ABCD group（P〈0.05）,while the level of serum hs-CRP in ABCD group decreased significantly compared with that in the ABC group（P〈0.05）.Conclusions：Chinese drugs both for activating blood circulation and for activating blood circulation and detoxifying have good effects on regulating indices of thrombosis,inflammatory reaction and tissue damage in experimental carotid artery thrombosis rats.The effect of activating blood circulation and detoxifying drugs on regulating the level of serum hs-CRP is superior to that of activating blood circulation drug alone.
文摘Methamidophos resistance of brown planthopper ( Nilaparvata lugens Stl, BPH) was selected in laboratory. After successive selection for 9 generations, the selection was ceased by rearing BPH without contact with any insecticide for 9 generations. In the full course, the successive changes of esterase activity, MFO activity, GSTs activity and AChE insensitivity were analyzed. The results showed that the change of esterase activity was high correlated with that of methamidophos in the full course, which indicated that esterase played very important role both in the resistance development and in the resistance decline. However, the change of AChE insensitivity only significantly correlated with that of resistance in the development stage, and the change of MFO activity or GSTs activity only significantly correlated with that of the resistance in the decline stage, which indicated the changes of AChE insensitivity, MFO activity or GSTs activity only played some roles in different stages of the resistance change.
文摘Although having five different ways of transmission the vector-borne is the principal way of transmission of Chagas disease, which involves insects of the subfamily Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Nineteen of the 31 species that occur in Mexico are associated with humans, and all are capable of transmitting the disease. Pyrethroids are the insecticides recommended for the control of these vectors in Mexico. We determined the susceptibility to the pyrethroids dcltamethrin and permethrin of peridomestic populations of Triatoma mazzottii Usinger and two populations of Triatoma longipetmis Usinger in comparison with a reference strain for each species. Bioassays were performed for the determination of the LD50 for both field populations and reference strains. A maximum of 27 fold resistance to deltamethrin was observed in T. mazzottii, meanwhile, for permethrin, T. longipennis from Jalisco show the highest value of 3.19 fold. There was significantly increased activity of esterases in field populations in comparison with their corresponding reference strain. The results of the search of kdr mutations related to the resistance to deltamethrin and permethrin in the evaluated species show the presence of mutations in the field populations, as is the case with individuals of T. mazzottii, for which the mutation was found A943V, and for the two populations of T. longipennis included in this study, we report the presence of the kdr mutation K964R. Evaluation of the various mechanisms involved in resistance to pyrethroids in triatomines from Mexico could guide us to the real justification for insecticide resistance monitoring.
基金supported by a grant from National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30672737)
文摘Objective:To examine the effects of modified Shenmai Yin on invigorating vital energy, promoting blood flow, and protection against neural impairment in an endotoxin-induced shock rat model. Methods: Ninety-six SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham operation (saline 20 ml/kg), shock model (lipopolysaccharide, LPS, 8 mg/kg), Reformed Shengmai Yin (加味生脉饮 Pulse-activating Decoction) (LPS 8 mg/kg + reformed Shengmai Yin Injection 10 ml/kg), and dexamethasone (LPS 8 mg/kg + dexamethasone 5 mg/kg) groups. Each group was subdivided into 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, and 6 h time points for observation. The carotid artery was separated and connected with a biological functional system to monitor mean arterial pressure (MAP). Brain water levels, malonaldehyde (MDA) content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were also determined. Results: In the shock model group, MAP was progressively decreased after injection of LPS, brain water and MDA contents were increased, brain SOD activity was decreased, and capillary vessel edema in brain tissue was also observed. All these parameters were improved significantly in both treatment groups, although the effects were more marked with Shengmai Yin than with dexamethasone. Conclusion: Modified Shengmai Yin exhibits strong anti-shock and neuroprotective effects against Endotoxininduced shock.
基金supported by the State Oceanic Administration Specific Public Project of China (201105013)
文摘The objective of this study was to examine the effect ofbenzo[a]pyrene （BaP） on the detoxification and antioxidant systems of two microalgae, Isochrysis zhanjiangensis and Platymonas subcordiformis. In our study, these two algae were exposed to BaP for 4 days at three different concentrations including 0.5 μg L-1 （low）, 3 μg L-1 （mid） and 18 μg L-1 （high）. The activity of detoxi- fication enzymes, ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase （EROD） and glutathione S-transferase （GST） increased in P subcordiformis in all BaP-treated groups. In 1. zhanjiangensis, the activity of these two enzymes increased at the beginning of exposure, and then de- creased in the groups treated with mid- and high BaP. The activity of antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase （SOD） increased in/. zhanjiangensis in all BaP-treated groups, and then decreased in high BaP-treated group, while no significant change was observed in P subcordiformis. The activity of antioxidant enzyme catalase （CAT） increased in I. zhanjiangensis and P subcordiformis in all BaP- treated groups. The content of malondialdehyde （MDA） in Isochrysis zhanjiangensis increased first, and then decreased in high BaP-treated group, while no change occurred in P. subcordiformis. These results demonstrated that BaP significantly influenced the activity of detoxifying and antioxidant enzymes in microalgae. The metabolic related enzymes （EROD, GST and CAT） may serve as sensitive biomarkers of measuring the contamination level of BaP in marine water.
文摘Earthworms promises to provide cheaper solutions to several social, economic and environmental problems plaguing the human society. Earthworms can safely manage all municipal and industrial organic wastes including sewage sludge and divert them from ending up in the landfills. Their body work as a ‘biofilter’ and they can ‘purify’ and also ‘disinfect’ and ‘detoxify’ municipal and several industrial wastewater. They reduce the BOD & COD loads and the TDSS of wastewater significantly. They can even remove the EDCs (endocrine disrupting chemicals) from sewage which is not removed by the conventional sewage treatments plants. Earthworms can bio-accumulate and bio-transform many chemical contaminants including heavy metals and organic pollutants in soil and clean-up the contaminated lands for re-development. Earthworms restore & improve soil fertility by their secretions (growth hormones) and excreta (vermicast with beneficial soil microbes) & boost ‘crop productivity’. They have potential to replace the environmentally destructive chemical fertilizers from farm production. The ‘protein rich’ earthworm biomass is being used for production of ‘nutritive feed materials’ for fishery, dairy & poultry industries. They are also being used as ‘raw materials’ for rubber, lubricant and detergent industries. The bioactive compounds isolated from earthworms are finding new uses in production of ‘life saving medicines’ for cardiovascular diseases and cancer cure.
文摘Radiotherapy is an essential method in the comprehensive treatment of malignant tumors.However,radiation proctitis(RP)is a common complication of pelvic tumors after radiotherapy.Due to RP's various etiology and complex pathogenesis,it is currently no standard for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)treatment.Professor Yuan-hong Zhao believes that refractory RP,which is named chronic hemorrhagic radiation proctitis(CHRP),should be classified as"Intestinal Wind Bleeding"(Bleeding like a note before defecation,bright red blood,no swelling and pain in the anus)and"Intestinal Afflux"(Refers to the symptoms of pus and blood in the lower mucus,similar to ulcerative colitis,peptic ulcer and other diseases in modern medicine.)in TCM.The critical pathogenesis of CHRP lies in local stasis and collaterals injury of intestinal collaterals.In general,it is a syndrome of excess and scarcity.External treatment with TCM is the preferred treatment strategy for CHRP,and the primary way is to disperse blood stasis and detoxify and nourish the intestinal collaterals.
基金Supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of China(No.NCET-11-0441)the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund(No.QN2011092)the Talent Introduction Startup Fund of Northwest A&F University,China(No.Z111021003)
文摘In recent years,due to excessive emission of industrial waste,wastewater irrigation,and unreasonable utilization of fertilizers,pesticides and plastic sheeting,heavy metal pollution is increasing rapidly,resulting in many environmental problems.Silicon(Si),as the second most abundant element in the soil,can not only stimulate plant growth,but alleviate various biotic and abiotic stresses,including heavy metal stress.Here,we reviewed recent advances in the mechanisms for Si-mediated heavy metal tolerance in plants.These mechanisms included reducing active heavy metal ions in growth media,reducing heavy metal transport to the shoot,stimulating enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants,chelation,compartmentation,regulation of the expression of metal transport genes,and structural changes in plants.Further research orientation is also discussed.
