Rationality is a fundamental concept in economics. Most researchers will accept that human beings are not fully rational. Herbert Simon suggested that we are ＂bounded rational＂. However, it is very difficult to quan...Rationality is a fundamental concept in economics. Most researchers will accept that human beings are not fully rational. Herbert Simon suggested that we are ＂bounded rational＂. However, it is very difficult to quantify ＂bounded rationality＂, and therefore it is difficult to pinpoint its impact to all those economic theories that depend on the assumption of full rationality. Ariel Rubinstein proposed to model bounded rationality by explicitly specifying the decision makers＇ decision-making procedures. This paper takes a computational point of view to Rubinstein＇s approach. From a computational point of view, decision procedures can be encoded in algorithms and heuristics. We argue that, everything else being equal, the effective rationality of an agent is determined by its computational power - we refer to this as the computational intelligence determines effective rationality （CIDER） theory. This is not an attempt to propose a unifying definition of bounded rationality. It is merely a proposal of a computational point of view of bounded rationality. This way of interpreting bounded rationality enables us to （computationally） reason about economic systems when the full rationality assumption is relaxed.展开更多
Water availability is a major constraint on grain production in China, therefore, improving irrigation efficiency is particularly important when agriculture faces extreme weather events. This paper first calculates ir...Water availability is a major constraint on grain production in China, therefore, improving irrigation efficiency is particularly important when agriculture faces extreme weather events. This paper first calculates irrigation efficiency with a translog stochastic frontier production function and then investigates what happens when extreme weather events occur via a Tobit model. The estimated results reveal several important features of irrigation practices: i) irrigation efficiency is lower when extreme weather events occur; ii) large variations in irrigation efficiency occur across irrigation facilities; iii) the farm plots exhibit an extreme distribution across efficiency levels; and iv) water-saving techniques, technology adoption, and the maintenance of farmers’ economic resilience are major determinants of irrigation efficiency. Based on these results we propose the following recommendations: i) farmers should balance crop yield and water use; undertake relevant training programs and adopt water-saving techniques; ii) local governments and researchers should help farmers to find the optimal level of irrigation water use based on their own circumstances and provide better water-saving techniques and training programs rather than simply encouraging farmers to invest in irrigation facilities in the most extreme weather years; and iii) the income level of farm households should be increased so as to improve their resilience to natural disasters.展开更多
Based on literature review and five focus groups, a model was analyzed describing individual, social environmental and physical environmental (perceived) determinants of walking by older people. Aim was to test whethe...Based on literature review and five focus groups, a model was analyzed describing individual, social environmental and physical environmental (perceived) determinants of walking by older people. Aim was to test whether these determinants were significantly associated with the duration of walking by older people (N = 567, 50 - 80 years) in a middle-sized Dutch town. Walking time was best predicted by attitude towards walking (partial correlation in model (partial r) 0.18;p r 0.12, p r 0.21 p r - 0.14, p r 0.28 p < 0.01). The model explained 20% of the total variance in walking time. Conclusion is that individual and social determinants predicted the most variance in walking time and that perceived environmental determinants played only a minor role. Health promotion actions may benefit from these insights.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish a quantitative assessment method for the textural quality of chieh-qua fruit.[Methods]Using two modes of a texture analyzer,namely TPA(texture profile analysis)and pun...[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish a quantitative assessment method for the textural quality of chieh-qua fruit.[Methods]Using two modes of a texture analyzer,namely TPA(texture profile analysis)and puncture,the index data of the fruit were obtained by setting different trigger forces,deformation levels,test speeds,as well as puncture speeds and puncture depths.The data included TPA hardness,adhesiveness,springiness,cohesiveness,gumminess,chewiness,resilience,as well as skin hardness,skin toughness,flesh hardness,fracturability,and compactness.[Results]Different deformation levels had a significant impact on all parameters.Hardness,adhesiveness,gumminess and chewiness showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the deformation level increasing.When the deformation level was 30%,the adhesiveness,gumminess and chewiness reached their maximum values.When the deformation level was 50%,TPA hardness reached its maximum.When the compression speed was 3 mm/s,the measured values of TPA hardness,adhesiveness,chewiness,and resilience were at their maximums.The skin hardness varied significantly under different trigger forces.When the trigger force was 15 g,the skin hardness reached a maximum value of 944.63 g,and the skin toughness,flesh hardness,fracturability,and compactness also reach their maximum values respectively.When the puncture depth was 12 mm,the flesh hardness and skin toughness reached their maximums of 682.51 g and 1.82 mm,respectively.In the TPA mode,the flesh hardness of chieh-qua showed an extremely significant negative correlation with springiness,cohesiveness,and resilience(P<0.01).The fruit fracturability detected by puncture had an extremely significant positive correlation with compactness(P<0.01).[Conclusions]The evaluation method for measuring chieh-qua texture by combining TPA and the puncture mode could accurately and quantitatively reflect the differences in the flesh texture quality of chieh-qua.The optimal parameters for texture measurement of chieh-qua fruit were determined as a 15 g trigger force with 50%deformation and a 3 mm/s compression speed in TPA mode,and a 15 g trigger force with a 12 mm puncture depth in puncture mode.Puncture speed was found to have no significant effect on the texture indices of chieh-qua.展开更多
Tuberculosis(TB),one of the oldest infectious diseases caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis,poses a considerable challenge to global public health.There are approximately 10 million new TB cases worldwide annually,and...Tuberculosis(TB),one of the oldest infectious diseases caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis,poses a considerable challenge to global public health.There are approximately 10 million new TB cases worldwide annually,and TB claims the lives of nearly 3 million people each year,making it one of the leading causes of death from a single infectious disease[1].China ranks third globally in terms of TB burden,with approximately 733,000 TB cases reported in 2023[2].Based on the ecological model of health determinants developed by Whitehead and Dahlgren,health determinants can be classified into direct causes.展开更多
An image processing and deep learning method for identifying different types of rock images was proposed.Preprocessing,such as rock image acquisition,gray scaling,Gaussian blurring,and feature dimensionality reduction...An image processing and deep learning method for identifying different types of rock images was proposed.Preprocessing,such as rock image acquisition,gray scaling,Gaussian blurring,and feature dimensionality reduction,was conducted to extract useful feature information and recognize and classify rock images using Tensor Flow-based convolutional neural network(CNN)and Py Qt5.A rock image dataset was established and separated into workouts,confirmation sets,and test sets.The framework was subsequently compiled and trained.The categorization approach was evaluated using image data from the validation and test datasets,and key metrics,such as accuracy,precision,and recall,were analyzed.Finally,the classification model conducted a probabilistic analysis of the measured data to determine the equivalent lithological type for each image.The experimental results indicated that the method combining deep learning,Tensor Flow-based CNN,and Py Qt5 to recognize and classify rock images has an accuracy rate of up to 98.8%,and can be successfully utilized for rock image recognition.The system can be extended to geological exploration,mine engineering,and other rock and mineral resource development to more efficiently and accurately recognize rock samples.Moreover,it can match them with the intelligent support design system to effectively improve the reliability and economy of the support scheme.The system can serve as a reference for supporting the design of other mining and underground space projects.展开更多
Large-volume presses(LVPs)are widely utilized in diverse research fields—including high-pressure physics,chemistry,materials science,and Earth and planetary sciences—to investigate the physical and chemical properti...Large-volume presses(LVPs)are widely utilized in diverse research fields—including high-pressure physics,chemistry,materials science,and Earth and planetary sciences—to investigate the physical and chemical properties of materials under extreme high-pressure and hightemperature conditions.A prerequisite for achieving reproducible property measurements is the determination and control of pressure within experimental setups.However,the lack of precise pressure calibration in LVPs hinders the broader application of such devices in ultrahigh-pressure studies.This study employs a suite of standard phase transition-based pressure markers—comprising metallic conductors,semiconductors,and minerals—through both in situ and ex situ identification approaches,to establish pressure calibration curves ranging from 0.4 to>30 GPa for various types of LVP installed at the Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research(HPSTAR),Beijing,including piston–cylinder,cubic,and multi-anvil presses.The results provide a unified and traceable pressure reference for highpressure experiments conducted at HPSTAR,while also offering technical guidance and calibration standards for other researchers utilizing similar LVP systems,thereby enabling more consistent comparison between different laboratories.This work facilitates the advancement of LVP research toward broader applications in higher-pressure regimes.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has garnered increasing attention globally,with its modernization becoming a prominent research focus both within China and internationally.However,the lack of a precise definition for...Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has garnered increasing attention globally,with its modernization becoming a prominent research focus both within China and internationally.However,the lack of a precise definition for TCM modernization has hindered clear guidance for its development.Additionally,cancer remains a significant global public health challenge,largely untreatable with current methods.Therefore,a comprehensive understanding of TCM modernization is crucial for its evolution,revolution,drug discovery,and cancer therapy.This study provides an overview of the history,theory,characteristics,and evolution of TCM,highlighting its potential in cancer prevention and treatment.We propose a definition for TCM modernization,innovative Chinese medicine(ICM),and elucidate strategies to elevate TCM from a supporting role to a leading one.Electronic databases such as PubMed,Web of Science,ScienceDirect,and Clinical Trials were utilized to retrieve relevant literature spanning from 1979 to 2024,with most publications being from the last five years,using keywords like“Traditional Chinese medicine”,“Cancer”,“Mechanism”,and“Clinical trial”.In this study,we introduce the theory of TCM modernization following target identification and initial compound screening:ICM,defined by“3 D”elements:definite active ingredient composition and content,determined functional mechanism,and detection through evidence-based medicine.Overall,the“3 D”definition of ICM will establish a standard for ICM,accelerate TCM modernization,enhance drug discovery targeting cancer and various human diseases,and benefit patients worldwide.展开更多
[Objectives]To determine the content of Zhuang medicine Sauropus spatulifolius Beille from Guangxi.[Methods]The amino acid content of S.spatulifolius Beille was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry(UVs).The con...[Objectives]To determine the content of Zhuang medicine Sauropus spatulifolius Beille from Guangxi.[Methods]The amino acid content of S.spatulifolius Beille was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry(UVs).The content of kaempferol-3-O-gentiobioside in S.spatulifolius Beille was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS).Pesticide residues in S.spatulifolius Beille were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).Heavy metal elements arsenic(As),cadmium(Cd),and lead(Pb)in S.spatulifolius Beille were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).[Results]The amino acid content in S.spatulifolius Beille was 3.233 mg/g,with a relative standard deviation(RSD)of 0.36%.The content of kaempferol-3-O-gentiobioside was 1.15μg/mL.No pesticide residues or heavy metals were detected in the S.spatulifolius Beille medicinal material.[Conclusions]This study improves the quality control system for S.spatulifolius Beille and provides a reference basis for the quality standard control of Zhuang medicine S.spatulifolius Beille from Guangxi.展开更多
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,a collaborative study by the laboratories of Dr.Hu Guohong(胡国宏)from Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Dr.Yang ...Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,a collaborative study by the laboratories of Dr.Hu Guohong(胡国宏)from Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Dr.Yang Qifeng(杨其峰)from Shangdong University demonstrates that Dickkopf1(DKK1)展开更多
In this paper we study the problem of characterizing the real Banach spaces whose unit sphere determines polynomials, i.e., if two polynomials coincide in the unit sphere, is this sufficient to guarantee that they are...In this paper we study the problem of characterizing the real Banach spaces whose unit sphere determines polynomials, i.e., if two polynomials coincide in the unit sphere, is this sufficient to guarantee that they are identical？ We show that, in the frame of spaces with unconditional basis, non- reflexivity is a sufficient, although not necessary, condition for the above question to have an affirmative answer. We prove that the only lp^n spaces having this property are those with p irrational, while the only lp spaces which do not enjoy it are those with p an even integer. We also introduce a class of polynomial determining sets in any real Banach space.展开更多
Prof.Yang Zhongnan’s laboratory at the College of Life and Environment Sciences,Shanghai Normal University,reported the tapetal AHL family protein TEK determining nexine formation in the pollen wall,which was publish...Prof.Yang Zhongnan’s laboratory at the College of Life and Environment Sciences,Shanghai Normal University,reported the tapetal AHL family protein TEK determining nexine formation in the pollen wall,which was published in Nature Communications(2014,5:3855).展开更多
Although inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) retains high sensitivity and has been intensively used for the measurement of ^(99)Tc, it usually suffers from tedious, expensive, and timeconsuming sample...Although inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) retains high sensitivity and has been intensively used for the measurement of ^(99)Tc, it usually suffers from tedious, expensive, and timeconsuming sample pretreatments due to the isobaric interferences from ^(99)Ru and ^(98)Mo^(1)H. Herein, capillary electrophoresis(CE) was applied as sample introduction system for the sensitive, and interferencefree determination of ^(99)TcO_(4)^(-) from RuO_(4)^(-), and MoO_(4)^(2-) by ICP-MS with a simple sample treatment. Compared to the conventional methods, the hyphenated CE-ICP-MS avoids the use of expensive separation resins and reduces the consumption of mineral acid, representing a simpler, more efficient and environmentally benign approach. Moreover, the proposed method exhibits higher accuracy compared with the mathematical correction method using the natural isotope ratio of ^(99)Ru and ^(101)Ru, and significantly reduces sample consumption and the amount of waste, thus remarkably alleviating the radioactive exposure to operators and the pressure of radioactive waste treatment. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limits of 25 μg/L and 0.06 μg/L were obtained for RuO_(4)^(-) and ReO_(4)^(-)(Tc was replaced by Re), respectively, with relative standard deviation(RSD) lower than 5%. In addition, efficient recoveries of RuO_(4)^(-),ReO_(4)^(-),and ^(99)TcO_(4)^(-) from simulated Hanford site groundwater were achieved. The method is expected to be a promising candidate for sensitive and accurate analysis of ^(99)Tc from contaminated environmental samples.展开更多
Fenton/Fenton-like reactions have gained popularity for their remarkable proficiency in decomposing organic pollutants,especially when enhanced by reductants addition for accel-erating the Fe2+regeneration.Nevertheles...Fenton/Fenton-like reactions have gained popularity for their remarkable proficiency in decomposing organic pollutants,especially when enhanced by reductants addition for accel-erating the Fe2+regeneration.Nevertheless,these works predominantly centered on the formation and utilization of hydroxyl radicals(•OH)in the process,neglecting the evolution of oxidant and reductant due to the difficulty in the simultaneous determination of these two components.By employing the quenching-iodometric method,we could simultaneously determine the concentrations of HSO_(3)-and peroxydisulfate(PDS).This method first employed an excess of peroxymonosulfate(PMS)to effectively quench HSO_(3)-,and then used the iodometric spectrophotometry to simultaneously determine the concentrations of PMS and PDS in the reaction system.Finally,through precise stoichiometric relationships,we could accurately calculate the concentration of HSO_(3)-.Based on this method,we achieved concentration measurements that,upon linear fitting,yielded a correlation coefficient(R^(2))surpassing 0.99,unequivocally affirming the method’s accuracy and trustworthiness.In this work,an innovation approach for determining the concentrations of HSO_(3)-(reductant)and PDS(oxidant)was explored.Additionally,the resilience of the method was verified across different pH levels and in the presence of diverse impurity ions.The results ensured precise concentration measure-ments in the real wastewater.This method was characterized by its simplicity,rapid analysis,and environmental friendliness,offering a newanalytical strategy for the determination of PDS and HSO_(3)-in environmental samples.The method enables more meticulous monitoring of chemical usage in water treatment,facilitating optimized dosing strategies and assessments of reductant-enhanced Fenton or Fenton-like system in water purification.展开更多
The reaction rate constant is a crucial kinetic parameter that governs the charge and discharge performance of batteries,particularly in high-rate and thick-electrode applications.However,conventional estimation or fi...The reaction rate constant is a crucial kinetic parameter that governs the charge and discharge performance of batteries,particularly in high-rate and thick-electrode applications.However,conventional estimation or fitting methods often overestimate the charge transfer overpotential,leading to substantial errors in reaction rate constant measurements.These inaccuracies hinder the accurate prediction of voltage profiles and overall cell performance.In this study,we propose the characteristic time-decomposed overpotential(CTDO)method,which employs a single-layer particle electrode(SLPE)structure to eliminate interference overpotentials.By leveraging the distribution of relaxation times(DRT),our method effectively isolates the characteristic time of the charge transfer process,enabling a more precise determination of the reaction rate constant.Simulation results indicate that our approach reduces measurement errors to below 2%,closely aligning with theoretical values.Furthermore,experimental validation demonstrates an 80% reduction in error compared to the conventional galvanostatic intermittent titration technique(GITT)method.Overall,this study provides a novel voltage-based approach for determining the reaction rate constant,enhancing the applicability of theoretical analysis in electrode structural design and facilitating rapid battery optimization.展开更多
The dynamics of phase separation in H–He binary systems within gas giants such as Jupiter and Saturn exhibit remarkable complexity, yet lack systematic investigation. Through large-scale machine-learning-accelerated ...The dynamics of phase separation in H–He binary systems within gas giants such as Jupiter and Saturn exhibit remarkable complexity, yet lack systematic investigation. Through large-scale machine-learning-accelerated molecular dynamics simulations spanning broad temperature-pressure-composition(2000–10000 K, 1–7 Mbar,pure H to pure He) regimes, we systematically determine self and mutual diffusion coefficients in H–He systems and establish a six-dimensional framework correlating temperature, pressure, helium abundance, phase separation degree, diffusion coefficients, and anisotropy. Key findings reveal that hydrogen exhibits active directional migration with pronounced diffusion anisotropy, whereas helium passively aggregates in response. While the conventional mixing rule underestimates mutual diffusion coefficients by neglecting velocity cross-correlations,the assumption of an ideal thermodynamic factor(Q = 1) overestimates them due to unaccounted non-ideal thermodynamic effects—both particularly pronounced in strongly phase-separated regimes. Notably, hydrogen's dual role, anisotropic diffusion and bond stabilization via helium doping, modulates demixing kinetics. Large-scale simulations(216,000 atoms) propose novel phase-separation paradigms, such as “hydrogen bubble/wisp” formation, challenging the classical “helium rain” scenario, striving to bridge atomic-scale dynamics to planetary-scale phase evolution.展开更多
The Internet of Things(IoT)has orchestrated various domains in numerous applications,contributing significantly to the growth of the smart world,even in regions with low literacy rates,boosting socio-economic developm...The Internet of Things(IoT)has orchestrated various domains in numerous applications,contributing significantly to the growth of the smart world,even in regions with low literacy rates,boosting socio-economic development.This study provides valuable insights into optimizing wireless communication,paving the way for a more connected and productive future in the mining industry.The IoT revolution is advancing across industries,but harsh geometric environments,including open-pit mines,pose unique challenges for reliable communication.The advent of IoT in the mining industry has significantly improved communication for critical operations through the use of Radio Frequency(RF)protocols such as Bluetooth,Wi-Fi,GSM/GPRS,Narrow Band(NB)-IoT,SigFox,ZigBee,and Long Range Wireless Area Network(LoRaWAN).This study addresses the optimization of network implementations by comparing two leading free-spreading IoT-based RF protocols such as ZigBee and LoRaWAN.Intensive field tests are conducted in various opencast mines to investigate coverage potential and signal attenuation.ZigBee is tested in the Tadicherla open-cast coal mine in India.Similarly,LoRaWAN field tests are conducted at one of the associated cement companies(ACC)in the limestone mine in Bargarh,India,covering both Indoor-toOutdoor(I2O)and Outdoor-to-Outdoor(O2O)environments.A robust framework of path-loss models,referred to as Free space,Egli,Okumura-Hata,Cost231-Hata and Ericsson models,combined with key performance metrics,is employed to evaluate the patterns of signal attenuation.Extensive field testing and careful data analysis revealed that the Egli model is the most consistent path-loss model for the ZigBee protocol in an I2O environment,with a coefficient of determination(R^(2))of 0.907,balanced error metrics such as Normalized Root Mean Square Error(NRMSE)of 0.030,Mean Square Error(MSE)of 4.950,Mean Absolute Percentage Error(MAPE)of 0.249 and Scatter Index(SI)of 2.723.In the O2O scenario,the Ericsson model showed superior performance,with the highest R^(2)value of 0.959,supported by strong correlation metrics:NRMSE of 0.026,MSE of 8.685,MAPE of 0.685,Mean Absolute Deviation(MAD)of 20.839 and SI of 2.194.For the LoRaWAN protocol,the Cost-231 model achieved the highest R^(2)value of 0.921 in the I2O scenario,complemented by the lowest metrics:NRMSE of 0.018,MSE of 1.324,MAPE of 0.217,MAD of 9.218 and SI of 1.238.In the O2O environment,the Okumura-Hata model achieved the highest R^(2)value of 0.978,indicating a strong fit with metrics NRMSE of 0.047,MSE of 27.807,MAPE of 27.494,MAD of 37.287 and SI of 3.927.This advancement in reliable communication networks promises to transform the opencast landscape into networked signal attenuation.These results support decision-making for mining needs and ensure reliable communications even in the face of formidable obstacles.展开更多
Objectives:This scoping review aims to methodically identify and analyse the determinants which influence maternal mortality and healthcare utilization in women of childbearing years in Nigeria.The review specifically...Objectives:This scoping review aims to methodically identify and analyse the determinants which influence maternal mortality and healthcare utilization in women of childbearing years in Nigeria.The review specifically addresses the difficulties faced in assessing medical care,and the ongoing initiatives to lower the maternal mortality ratio.Methods:Primary studies(published after year 2000)focused on maternal mortality,health determinants,and the utilization of maternal healthcare services in Nigeria were retrieved following a systematic search across multiple databases,including Scopus,PubMed,Google Scholar,and Web of Science.These were screened using defined inclusion and exclusion criteria.Data from these studies were extracted and thematically analysed to identify common themes and trends.Results:A total of 21 publications were included in this review comprising 2 qualitative,17 quantitative,and2 mixed study designs.Major health determinants identified in these studies include hypertensive disorders of pregnancy,haemorrhage,and sepsis/septicaemia,contributing as much as 29%,24%,and 14.2%of maternal deaths respectively in over 10%of the reviewed studies.Similarly,social-economic determinants including poverty,maternal education,health system issues and culture significantly impacted the utilization of maternal healthcare services,inadvertently impacting maternal mortality.Despite various maternal health interventions such as the"Abiye"Safe Motherhood Initiative,the Integrated Maternal,Newborn,and Child Health Strategy and strengthening emergency obstetric care by governmental and non-governmental agencies,early childbearing,unemployment,large family sizes,and dependence on male spouses continued to result in suboptimal utilization of services and adverse maternal outcomes.Conclusion:This scoping review comprehensively integrated existing data from published studies to provide a detailed picture of maternal mortality,its health determinants,and factors influencing care utilization among women of childbearing age in Nigeria and approaches to reduce maternal mortality in the country and possibly in the West African sub-region.展开更多
AlphaPanda(AlphaFold2[1]inspired protein-specific antibody design in a diffusional manner)is an advanced algorithm for designing complementary determining regions(CDRs)of the antibody targeted the specific epitope,com...AlphaPanda(AlphaFold2[1]inspired protein-specific antibody design in a diffusional manner)is an advanced algorithm for designing complementary determining regions(CDRs)of the antibody targeted the specific epitope,combining transformer[2]models,3DCNN[3],and diffusion[4]generative models.展开更多
文摘Rationality is a fundamental concept in economics. Most researchers will accept that human beings are not fully rational. Herbert Simon suggested that we are ＂bounded rational＂. However, it is very difficult to quantify ＂bounded rationality＂, and therefore it is difficult to pinpoint its impact to all those economic theories that depend on the assumption of full rationality. Ariel Rubinstein proposed to model bounded rationality by explicitly specifying the decision makers＇ decision-making procedures. This paper takes a computational point of view to Rubinstein＇s approach. From a computational point of view, decision procedures can be encoded in algorithms and heuristics. We argue that, everything else being equal, the effective rationality of an agent is determined by its computational power - we refer to this as the computational intelligence determines effective rationality （CIDER） theory. This is not an attempt to propose a unifying definition of bounded rationality. It is merely a proposal of a computational point of view of bounded rationality. This way of interpreting bounded rationality enables us to （computationally） reason about economic systems when the full rationality assumption is relaxed.
基金supported by the State Social Science Funds of China (14BGL093)the Specialized Research Fund for the Jointed Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (20124105110006)the International Development Research Center (107093-001)
文摘Water availability is a major constraint on grain production in China, therefore, improving irrigation efficiency is particularly important when agriculture faces extreme weather events. This paper first calculates irrigation efficiency with a translog stochastic frontier production function and then investigates what happens when extreme weather events occur via a Tobit model. The estimated results reveal several important features of irrigation practices: i) irrigation efficiency is lower when extreme weather events occur; ii) large variations in irrigation efficiency occur across irrigation facilities; iii) the farm plots exhibit an extreme distribution across efficiency levels; and iv) water-saving techniques, technology adoption, and the maintenance of farmers’ economic resilience are major determinants of irrigation efficiency. Based on these results we propose the following recommendations: i) farmers should balance crop yield and water use; undertake relevant training programs and adopt water-saving techniques; ii) local governments and researchers should help farmers to find the optimal level of irrigation water use based on their own circumstances and provide better water-saving techniques and training programs rather than simply encouraging farmers to invest in irrigation facilities in the most extreme weather years; and iii) the income level of farm households should be increased so as to improve their resilience to natural disasters.
文摘Based on literature review and five focus groups, a model was analyzed describing individual, social environmental and physical environmental (perceived) determinants of walking by older people. Aim was to test whether these determinants were significantly associated with the duration of walking by older people (N = 567, 50 - 80 years) in a middle-sized Dutch town. Walking time was best predicted by attitude towards walking (partial correlation in model (partial r) 0.18;p r 0.12, p r 0.21 p r - 0.14, p r 0.28 p < 0.01). The model explained 20% of the total variance in walking time. Conclusion is that individual and social determinants predicted the most variance in walking time and that perceived environmental determinants played only a minor role. Health promotion actions may benefit from these insights.
基金Supported by Shanghai Agriculture Applied Technology Development Program (Grant No.T20220120).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish a quantitative assessment method for the textural quality of chieh-qua fruit.[Methods]Using two modes of a texture analyzer,namely TPA(texture profile analysis)and puncture,the index data of the fruit were obtained by setting different trigger forces,deformation levels,test speeds,as well as puncture speeds and puncture depths.The data included TPA hardness,adhesiveness,springiness,cohesiveness,gumminess,chewiness,resilience,as well as skin hardness,skin toughness,flesh hardness,fracturability,and compactness.[Results]Different deformation levels had a significant impact on all parameters.Hardness,adhesiveness,gumminess and chewiness showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the deformation level increasing.When the deformation level was 30%,the adhesiveness,gumminess and chewiness reached their maximum values.When the deformation level was 50%,TPA hardness reached its maximum.When the compression speed was 3 mm/s,the measured values of TPA hardness,adhesiveness,chewiness,and resilience were at their maximums.The skin hardness varied significantly under different trigger forces.When the trigger force was 15 g,the skin hardness reached a maximum value of 944.63 g,and the skin toughness,flesh hardness,fracturability,and compactness also reach their maximum values respectively.When the puncture depth was 12 mm,the flesh hardness and skin toughness reached their maximums of 682.51 g and 1.82 mm,respectively.In the TPA mode,the flesh hardness of chieh-qua showed an extremely significant negative correlation with springiness,cohesiveness,and resilience(P<0.01).The fruit fracturability detected by puncture had an extremely significant positive correlation with compactness(P<0.01).[Conclusions]The evaluation method for measuring chieh-qua texture by combining TPA and the puncture mode could accurately and quantitatively reflect the differences in the flesh texture quality of chieh-qua.The optimal parameters for texture measurement of chieh-qua fruit were determined as a 15 g trigger force with 50%deformation and a 3 mm/s compression speed in TPA mode,and a 15 g trigger force with a 12 mm puncture depth in puncture mode.Puncture speed was found to have no significant effect on the texture indices of chieh-qua.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82574173,82003516)Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation(BK20251958)+2 种基金Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Discipline(ZDXK202250)Top Talent Awards Project Fund(RDF-TP-0023,RDF-TP-0030)Postgraduate Research Fund(PGRS2112022)at Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University.
文摘Tuberculosis(TB),one of the oldest infectious diseases caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis,poses a considerable challenge to global public health.There are approximately 10 million new TB cases worldwide annually,and TB claims the lives of nearly 3 million people each year,making it one of the leading causes of death from a single infectious disease[1].China ranks third globally in terms of TB burden,with approximately 733,000 TB cases reported in 2023[2].Based on the ecological model of health determinants developed by Whitehead and Dahlgren,health determinants can be classified into direct causes.
基金financially supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project——Deep Earth Probe and Mineral Resources Exploration(No.2024ZD1003701)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC2905004)。
文摘An image processing and deep learning method for identifying different types of rock images was proposed.Preprocessing,such as rock image acquisition,gray scaling,Gaussian blurring,and feature dimensionality reduction,was conducted to extract useful feature information and recognize and classify rock images using Tensor Flow-based convolutional neural network(CNN)and Py Qt5.A rock image dataset was established and separated into workouts,confirmation sets,and test sets.The framework was subsequently compiled and trained.The categorization approach was evaluated using image data from the validation and test datasets,and key metrics,such as accuracy,precision,and recall,were analyzed.Finally,the classification model conducted a probabilistic analysis of the measured data to determine the equivalent lithological type for each image.The experimental results indicated that the method combining deep learning,Tensor Flow-based CNN,and Py Qt5 to recognize and classify rock images has an accuracy rate of up to 98.8%,and can be successfully utilized for rock image recognition.The system can be extended to geological exploration,mine engineering,and other rock and mineral resource development to more efficiently and accurately recognize rock samples.Moreover,it can match them with the intelligent support design system to effectively improve the reliability and economy of the support scheme.The system can serve as a reference for supporting the design of other mining and underground space projects.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U1530402 and U1930401).
文摘Large-volume presses(LVPs)are widely utilized in diverse research fields—including high-pressure physics,chemistry,materials science,and Earth and planetary sciences—to investigate the physical and chemical properties of materials under extreme high-pressure and hightemperature conditions.A prerequisite for achieving reproducible property measurements is the determination and control of pressure within experimental setups.However,the lack of precise pressure calibration in LVPs hinders the broader application of such devices in ultrahigh-pressure studies.This study employs a suite of standard phase transition-based pressure markers—comprising metallic conductors,semiconductors,and minerals—through both in situ and ex situ identification approaches,to establish pressure calibration curves ranging from 0.4 to>30 GPa for various types of LVP installed at the Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research(HPSTAR),Beijing,including piston–cylinder,cubic,and multi-anvil presses.The results provide a unified and traceable pressure reference for highpressure experiments conducted at HPSTAR,while also offering technical guidance and calibration standards for other researchers utilizing similar LVP systems,thereby enabling more consistent comparison between different laboratories.This work facilitates the advancement of LVP research toward broader applications in higher-pressure regimes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82203343)the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents of China(No.BX20220273)+3 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M712874)Henan Province Key Research and Development Promotion Special Project(Science and Technology)in 2023(No.232102311007)Henan Province Key Scientific Research Project of Colleges and Universities in 2023(No.23A310007)the Outstanding Youth Project of Henan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.252300421123)。
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has garnered increasing attention globally,with its modernization becoming a prominent research focus both within China and internationally.However,the lack of a precise definition for TCM modernization has hindered clear guidance for its development.Additionally,cancer remains a significant global public health challenge,largely untreatable with current methods.Therefore,a comprehensive understanding of TCM modernization is crucial for its evolution,revolution,drug discovery,and cancer therapy.This study provides an overview of the history,theory,characteristics,and evolution of TCM,highlighting its potential in cancer prevention and treatment.We propose a definition for TCM modernization,innovative Chinese medicine(ICM),and elucidate strategies to elevate TCM from a supporting role to a leading one.Electronic databases such as PubMed,Web of Science,ScienceDirect,and Clinical Trials were utilized to retrieve relevant literature spanning from 1979 to 2024,with most publications being from the last five years,using keywords like“Traditional Chinese medicine”,“Cancer”,“Mechanism”,and“Clinical trial”.In this study,we introduce the theory of TCM modernization following target identification and initial compound screening:ICM,defined by“3 D”elements:definite active ingredient composition and content,determined functional mechanism,and detection through evidence-based medicine.Overall,the“3 D”definition of ICM will establish a standard for ICM,accelerate TCM modernization,enhance drug discovery targeting cancer and various human diseases,and benefit patients worldwide.
基金Supported by Guangxi Key Research and Development Program Project(GuiKe AB18221095)Open Fund Project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Research on Ethnic Medicinal Plants in the Youjiang River Basin(yykf2024-01)+1 种基金High-level Talent Research Project of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities(1002018079)2023 National-level College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program Project(202310599008).
文摘[Objectives]To determine the content of Zhuang medicine Sauropus spatulifolius Beille from Guangxi.[Methods]The amino acid content of S.spatulifolius Beille was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry(UVs).The content of kaempferol-3-O-gentiobioside in S.spatulifolius Beille was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS).Pesticide residues in S.spatulifolius Beille were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).Heavy metal elements arsenic(As),cadmium(Cd),and lead(Pb)in S.spatulifolius Beille were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).[Results]The amino acid content in S.spatulifolius Beille was 3.233 mg/g,with a relative standard deviation(RSD)of 0.36%.The content of kaempferol-3-O-gentiobioside was 1.15μg/mL.No pesticide residues or heavy metals were detected in the S.spatulifolius Beille medicinal material.[Conclusions]This study improves the quality control system for S.spatulifolius Beille and provides a reference basis for the quality standard control of Zhuang medicine S.spatulifolius Beille from Guangxi.
文摘Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,a collaborative study by the laboratories of Dr.Hu Guohong(胡国宏)from Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Dr.Yang Qifeng(杨其峰)from Shangdong University demonstrates that Dickkopf1(DKK1)
文摘In this paper we study the problem of characterizing the real Banach spaces whose unit sphere determines polynomials, i.e., if two polynomials coincide in the unit sphere, is this sufficient to guarantee that they are identical？ We show that, in the frame of spaces with unconditional basis, non- reflexivity is a sufficient, although not necessary, condition for the above question to have an affirmative answer. We prove that the only lp^n spaces having this property are those with p irrational, while the only lp spaces which do not enjoy it are those with p an even integer. We also introduce a class of polynomial determining sets in any real Banach space.
基金support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31100227)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2013CB945100)
文摘Prof.Yang Zhongnan’s laboratory at the College of Life and Environment Sciences,Shanghai Normal University,reported the tapetal AHL family protein TEK determining nexine formation in the pollen wall,which was published in Nature Communications(2014,5:3855).
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. U1867205, 21622508, and 21575092)Study on Physical/Chemical Characteristics Related to the Migration of Key Nuclides under Simulated Disposal Conditions (Phase Ⅱ) (Contract No. KGES 2019(170), dated February 21, 2019.) for financial support。
文摘Although inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) retains high sensitivity and has been intensively used for the measurement of ^(99)Tc, it usually suffers from tedious, expensive, and timeconsuming sample pretreatments due to the isobaric interferences from ^(99)Ru and ^(98)Mo^(1)H. Herein, capillary electrophoresis(CE) was applied as sample introduction system for the sensitive, and interferencefree determination of ^(99)TcO_(4)^(-) from RuO_(4)^(-), and MoO_(4)^(2-) by ICP-MS with a simple sample treatment. Compared to the conventional methods, the hyphenated CE-ICP-MS avoids the use of expensive separation resins and reduces the consumption of mineral acid, representing a simpler, more efficient and environmentally benign approach. Moreover, the proposed method exhibits higher accuracy compared with the mathematical correction method using the natural isotope ratio of ^(99)Ru and ^(101)Ru, and significantly reduces sample consumption and the amount of waste, thus remarkably alleviating the radioactive exposure to operators and the pressure of radioactive waste treatment. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limits of 25 μg/L and 0.06 μg/L were obtained for RuO_(4)^(-) and ReO_(4)^(-)(Tc was replaced by Re), respectively, with relative standard deviation(RSD) lower than 5%. In addition, efficient recoveries of RuO_(4)^(-),ReO_(4)^(-),and ^(99)TcO_(4)^(-) from simulated Hanford site groundwater were achieved. The method is expected to be a promising candidate for sensitive and accurate analysis of ^(99)Tc from contaminated environmental samples.
基金supported by National Natural Scienc Foundation of China(No.52400097)the Nanqiang Young Talents Supporting Program from Xiamen University.
文摘Fenton/Fenton-like reactions have gained popularity for their remarkable proficiency in decomposing organic pollutants,especially when enhanced by reductants addition for accel-erating the Fe2+regeneration.Nevertheless,these works predominantly centered on the formation and utilization of hydroxyl radicals(•OH)in the process,neglecting the evolution of oxidant and reductant due to the difficulty in the simultaneous determination of these two components.By employing the quenching-iodometric method,we could simultaneously determine the concentrations of HSO_(3)-and peroxydisulfate(PDS).This method first employed an excess of peroxymonosulfate(PMS)to effectively quench HSO_(3)-,and then used the iodometric spectrophotometry to simultaneously determine the concentrations of PMS and PDS in the reaction system.Finally,through precise stoichiometric relationships,we could accurately calculate the concentration of HSO_(3)-.Based on this method,we achieved concentration measurements that,upon linear fitting,yielded a correlation coefficient(R^(2))surpassing 0.99,unequivocally affirming the method’s accuracy and trustworthiness.In this work,an innovation approach for determining the concentrations of HSO_(3)-(reductant)and PDS(oxidant)was explored.Additionally,the resilience of the method was verified across different pH levels and in the presence of diverse impurity ions.The results ensured precise concentration measure-ments in the real wastewater.This method was characterized by its simplicity,rapid analysis,and environmental friendliness,offering a newanalytical strategy for the determination of PDS and HSO_(3)-in environmental samples.The method enables more meticulous monitoring of chemical usage in water treatment,facilitating optimized dosing strategies and assessments of reductant-enhanced Fenton or Fenton-like system in water purification.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China 2022YFB2404300the National Natural Science Foundation of China U22B2069the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 2024M761006。
文摘The reaction rate constant is a crucial kinetic parameter that governs the charge and discharge performance of batteries,particularly in high-rate and thick-electrode applications.However,conventional estimation or fitting methods often overestimate the charge transfer overpotential,leading to substantial errors in reaction rate constant measurements.These inaccuracies hinder the accurate prediction of voltage profiles and overall cell performance.In this study,we propose the characteristic time-decomposed overpotential(CTDO)method,which employs a single-layer particle electrode(SLPE)structure to eliminate interference overpotentials.By leveraging the distribution of relaxation times(DRT),our method effectively isolates the characteristic time of the charge transfer process,enabling a more precise determination of the reaction rate constant.Simulation results indicate that our approach reduces measurement errors to below 2%,closely aligning with theoretical values.Furthermore,experimental validation demonstrates an 80% reduction in error compared to the conventional galvanostatic intermittent titration technique(GITT)method.Overall,this study provides a novel voltage-based approach for determining the reaction rate constant,enhancing the applicability of theoretical analysis in electrode structural design and facilitating rapid battery optimization.
基金supported by the National University of Defense Technology Research Fund Projectthe National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 12047561 and 12104507+1 种基金the NSAF under Grant No. U1830206the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province under Grant No. 2021RC4026。
文摘The dynamics of phase separation in H–He binary systems within gas giants such as Jupiter and Saturn exhibit remarkable complexity, yet lack systematic investigation. Through large-scale machine-learning-accelerated molecular dynamics simulations spanning broad temperature-pressure-composition(2000–10000 K, 1–7 Mbar,pure H to pure He) regimes, we systematically determine self and mutual diffusion coefficients in H–He systems and establish a six-dimensional framework correlating temperature, pressure, helium abundance, phase separation degree, diffusion coefficients, and anisotropy. Key findings reveal that hydrogen exhibits active directional migration with pronounced diffusion anisotropy, whereas helium passively aggregates in response. While the conventional mixing rule underestimates mutual diffusion coefficients by neglecting velocity cross-correlations,the assumption of an ideal thermodynamic factor(Q = 1) overestimates them due to unaccounted non-ideal thermodynamic effects—both particularly pronounced in strongly phase-separated regimes. Notably, hydrogen's dual role, anisotropic diffusion and bond stabilization via helium doping, modulates demixing kinetics. Large-scale simulations(216,000 atoms) propose novel phase-separation paradigms, such as “hydrogen bubble/wisp” formation, challenging the classical “helium rain” scenario, striving to bridge atomic-scale dynamics to planetary-scale phase evolution.
文摘The Internet of Things(IoT)has orchestrated various domains in numerous applications,contributing significantly to the growth of the smart world,even in regions with low literacy rates,boosting socio-economic development.This study provides valuable insights into optimizing wireless communication,paving the way for a more connected and productive future in the mining industry.The IoT revolution is advancing across industries,but harsh geometric environments,including open-pit mines,pose unique challenges for reliable communication.The advent of IoT in the mining industry has significantly improved communication for critical operations through the use of Radio Frequency(RF)protocols such as Bluetooth,Wi-Fi,GSM/GPRS,Narrow Band(NB)-IoT,SigFox,ZigBee,and Long Range Wireless Area Network(LoRaWAN).This study addresses the optimization of network implementations by comparing two leading free-spreading IoT-based RF protocols such as ZigBee and LoRaWAN.Intensive field tests are conducted in various opencast mines to investigate coverage potential and signal attenuation.ZigBee is tested in the Tadicherla open-cast coal mine in India.Similarly,LoRaWAN field tests are conducted at one of the associated cement companies(ACC)in the limestone mine in Bargarh,India,covering both Indoor-toOutdoor(I2O)and Outdoor-to-Outdoor(O2O)environments.A robust framework of path-loss models,referred to as Free space,Egli,Okumura-Hata,Cost231-Hata and Ericsson models,combined with key performance metrics,is employed to evaluate the patterns of signal attenuation.Extensive field testing and careful data analysis revealed that the Egli model is the most consistent path-loss model for the ZigBee protocol in an I2O environment,with a coefficient of determination(R^(2))of 0.907,balanced error metrics such as Normalized Root Mean Square Error(NRMSE)of 0.030,Mean Square Error(MSE)of 4.950,Mean Absolute Percentage Error(MAPE)of 0.249 and Scatter Index(SI)of 2.723.In the O2O scenario,the Ericsson model showed superior performance,with the highest R^(2)value of 0.959,supported by strong correlation metrics:NRMSE of 0.026,MSE of 8.685,MAPE of 0.685,Mean Absolute Deviation(MAD)of 20.839 and SI of 2.194.For the LoRaWAN protocol,the Cost-231 model achieved the highest R^(2)value of 0.921 in the I2O scenario,complemented by the lowest metrics:NRMSE of 0.018,MSE of 1.324,MAPE of 0.217,MAD of 9.218 and SI of 1.238.In the O2O environment,the Okumura-Hata model achieved the highest R^(2)value of 0.978,indicating a strong fit with metrics NRMSE of 0.047,MSE of 27.807,MAPE of 27.494,MAD of 37.287 and SI of 3.927.This advancement in reliable communication networks promises to transform the opencast landscape into networked signal attenuation.These results support decision-making for mining needs and ensure reliable communications even in the face of formidable obstacles.
文摘Objectives:This scoping review aims to methodically identify and analyse the determinants which influence maternal mortality and healthcare utilization in women of childbearing years in Nigeria.The review specifically addresses the difficulties faced in assessing medical care,and the ongoing initiatives to lower the maternal mortality ratio.Methods:Primary studies(published after year 2000)focused on maternal mortality,health determinants,and the utilization of maternal healthcare services in Nigeria were retrieved following a systematic search across multiple databases,including Scopus,PubMed,Google Scholar,and Web of Science.These were screened using defined inclusion and exclusion criteria.Data from these studies were extracted and thematically analysed to identify common themes and trends.Results:A total of 21 publications were included in this review comprising 2 qualitative,17 quantitative,and2 mixed study designs.Major health determinants identified in these studies include hypertensive disorders of pregnancy,haemorrhage,and sepsis/septicaemia,contributing as much as 29%,24%,and 14.2%of maternal deaths respectively in over 10%of the reviewed studies.Similarly,social-economic determinants including poverty,maternal education,health system issues and culture significantly impacted the utilization of maternal healthcare services,inadvertently impacting maternal mortality.Despite various maternal health interventions such as the"Abiye"Safe Motherhood Initiative,the Integrated Maternal,Newborn,and Child Health Strategy and strengthening emergency obstetric care by governmental and non-governmental agencies,early childbearing,unemployment,large family sizes,and dependence on male spouses continued to result in suboptimal utilization of services and adverse maternal outcomes.Conclusion:This scoping review comprehensively integrated existing data from published studies to provide a detailed picture of maternal mortality,its health determinants,and factors influencing care utilization among women of childbearing age in Nigeria and approaches to reduce maternal mortality in the country and possibly in the West African sub-region.
基金supported by the Key Project of International Cooperation of Qilu University of Technology(Grant No.:QLUTGJHZ2018008)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation Committee,China(Grant No.:ZR2016HB54)Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering(SME).
文摘AlphaPanda(AlphaFold2[1]inspired protein-specific antibody design in a diffusional manner)is an advanced algorithm for designing complementary determining regions(CDRs)of the antibody targeted the specific epitope,combining transformer[2]models,3DCNN[3],and diffusion[4]generative models.
