Labubu has become a global star,from Paris and New York to London and Milan.These charming figurines from Chinese toy manufacturer Pop Mart,with their soft fur,expressive eyes,pointed teeth and rabbit ears,have captiv...Labubu has become a global star,from Paris and New York to London and Milan.These charming figurines from Chinese toy manufacturer Pop Mart,with their soft fur,expressive eyes,pointed teeth and rabbit ears,have captivated buyers both in shops and online.展开更多
Biomass conversion offers an efficient approach to alleviate the energy and environmental issues.Electrochemical oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)has attracted tremendous attention in the latest few years for ...Biomass conversion offers an efficient approach to alleviate the energy and environmental issues.Electrochemical oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)has attracted tremendous attention in the latest few years for the mild synthesis conditions and high conversion efficiency to obtain 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid(FDCA),but there still remain problems such as limited yield,short cycle life,and ambiguous reaction mechanism.Despite many reviews highlighting a variety of electrocatalysts for electrochemical oxidation of HMF,a detailed discussion of the structural modulation of catalyst and the underlying catalytic mechanism is still lacking.We herein provide a comprehensive summary of the recent development of electrochemical oxidation of HMF to FDCA,particularly focusing on the mechanism studies as well as the advanced strategies developed to regulate the structure and optimize the performance of the electrocatalysts,including heterointerface construction,defect engineering,single-atom engineering,and in situ reconstruction.Experimental characterization techniques and theoretical calculation methods for mechanism and active site studies are elaborated,and challenges and future directions of electrochemical oxidation of HMF are also prospected.This review will provide guidance for designing advanced catalysts and deepening the understanding of the reaction mechanism beneath electrochemical oxidation of HMF to FDCA.展开更多
In this paper,the application of Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access(NOMA)is investigated in a multiple-input single-output network consisting of multiple legitimate users and a potential eavesdropper.To support secure tra...In this paper,the application of Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access(NOMA)is investigated in a multiple-input single-output network consisting of multiple legitimate users and a potential eavesdropper.To support secure transmissions from legitimate users,two NOMA Secrecy Sum Rate Transmit Beam Forming(NOMA-SSR-TBF)schemes are proposed to maximise the SSR of a Base Station(BS)with sufficient and insufficient transmit power.For BS with sufficient transmit power,an artificial jamming beamforming design scheme is proposed to disrupt the potential eavesdropping without impacting the legitimate transmissions.In addition,for BS with insufficient transmit power,a modified successive interference cancellation decoding sequence is used to reduce the impact of artificial jamming on legitimate transmissions.More specifically,iterative algorithm for the successive convex approximation are provided to jointly optimise the vectors of transmit beamforming and artificial jamming.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed NOMA-SSR-TBF schemes outperforms the existing works,such as the maximized artificial jamming power scheme,the maximized artificial jamming power scheme with artificial jamming beamforming design and maximized secrecy sum rate scheme without artificial jamming beamforming design.展开更多
The upper bound on the model error will be decreased when the mean square error and the maximum distance deviation are sufficiently small in the uniform designs for mixture experiments and the design is more robust fo...The upper bound on the model error will be decreased when the mean square error and the maximum distance deviation are sufficiently small in the uniform designs for mixture experiments and the design is more robust for the model.However,the analytical expressions of MSED and MD are currently only available in the hypercube,but both types of deviations in other studies are just approximations.Although it can obtain good approximations in the low-dimensional case,the calculation will be more complicated for an experiment with more variables.Therefore,in this paper,an algorithm based on lattice point partitioning design is proposed to obtain the analytical expression of the MSED and MD in the region covered by the lattice points.Furthermore,the design’s optimality is considered and illustrated by examples under the same uniformity.展开更多
This paper delves into the baseline design under the baseline parameterization model in experimental design, focusing on the relationship between the K-aberration criterion and the word length pattern (WLP) of regular...This paper delves into the baseline design under the baseline parameterization model in experimental design, focusing on the relationship between the K-aberration criterion and the word length pattern (WLP) of regular two-level designs. The paper provides a detailed analysis of the relationship between K5and the WLP for regular two-level designs with resolution t=3, and proposes corresponding theoretical results. These results not only theoretically reveal the connection between the orthogonal parameterization model and the baseline parameterization model but also provide theoretical support for finding the K-aberration optimal regular two-level baseline designs. It demonstrates how to apply these theories to evaluate and select the optimal experimental designs. In practical applications, experimental designers can utilize the theoretical results of this paper to quickly assess and select regular two-level baseline designs with minimal K-aberration by analyzing the WLP of the experimental design. This allows for the identification of key factors that significantly affect the experimental outcomes without frequently changing the factor levels, thereby maximizing the benefits of the experiment.展开更多
Reconstruction of a traumatic distal femur defect remains a therapeutic challenge.Bone defect implants have been proposed to substitute the bone defect,and their biomechanical performances can be analyzed via a numeri...Reconstruction of a traumatic distal femur defect remains a therapeutic challenge.Bone defect implants have been proposed to substitute the bone defect,and their biomechanical performances can be analyzed via a numerical approach.However,the material assumptions for past computational human femur simulations were mainly homogeneous.Thus,this study aimed to design and analyze scaffolds for reconstructing the distal femur defect using a patient-specific finite element modeling technique.A three-dimensional finite element model of the human femur with accurate geometry and material distribution was developed using the finite element method and material mapping technique.An intact femur and a distal femur defect model treated with nine microstructure scaffolds and two solid scaffolds were investigated and compared under a single-leg stance loading.The results showed that the metal solid scaffold design could provide the most stable fixation for reconstructing the distal femur defect.However,the fixation stability was affected by various microstructure designs and pillar diameters.A microstructure scaffold can be designed to satisfy all the biomechanical indexes,opening up future possibilities for more stable reconstructions.A three-dimensional finite element model of the femur with real bone geometry and bone material distribution can be developed,and this patient-specific femur model can be used for studying other femoral fractures or injuries,paving the way for more comprehensive research in the field.Besides,this patient-specific finite element modeling technique can also be applied to developing other human or animal bone models,expanding the scope of biomechanical research.展开更多
The traditional Feng Shui pattern embodies rich ecological wisdom and philosophical thoughts,which are of great significance to the modern sustainable space design.The core concepts of Feng Shui patterns from traditio...The traditional Feng Shui pattern embodies rich ecological wisdom and philosophical thoughts,which are of great significance to the modern sustainable space design.The core concepts of Feng Shui patterns from traditional civilization can provide a theoretical foundation and research framework for this study.By integrating these principles,such as“hiding the wind and gathering the Qi”and“backing the mountain and facing the water”,a functional relationship between urban structures can be established.This approach can help optimize the spatial layout of urban elements,minimize energy consumption,and enhance environmental comfort.It also examines the influence of the ShanShui City pattern in traditional Feng Shui on guiding the development of modern urban ecological networks,as well as its role in protecting and restoring biodiversity through ecological corridors and ecological nodes.The modern urban design of traditional Feng Shui culture focuses on the inheritance and innovation of riotous things and the combination of traditional Feng Shui concepts and modern design concepts to form ecological spaces with cultural connotation.This paper hopes to give some inspiration or methods for contemporary urban design and to reconcile the relationship between human and nature through these thoughts.展开更多
This study aimed to devise strategies for alleviating the detrimental impacts of floods in the vicinity of a dike. Experiments were conducted in an open rectangular channel to investigate the flow dynamics under varyi...This study aimed to devise strategies for alleviating the detrimental impacts of floods in the vicinity of a dike. Experiments were conducted in an open rectangular channel to investigate the flow dynamics under varying dike conditions. To address concerns related to intense whirls and concentrated flow around the dike head, comparative analysis was performed in terms of flow structures and energy reduction around I-shaped and T-shaped dikes with two ratios of wing length (lw) to dike length (ld) (lw/ld = 1.41 and 2.43). The T-shaped dike wings were equipped with diverse designs: angled footing, delta vane, and streamlined tapered, resulting in elevated backwater in front of the dike, reduced velocity, and enhanced energy reduction. The findings indicated that elongating the wing reciprocally affected the depth-averaged velocity (at the dike head and near the adjacent dike bank), concurrently impacting flow deflection, backwater rise, and energy reduction rate. The T-shaped dike, specifically with an angled footing (lw/ld = 2.43), yielded optimal outcomes. These included significant reductions in maximum energy (46%), tip velocity (98%), and dike adjacent bank velocity (90%), as well as significant flow deflection towards the mainstream, outperforming the I-shaped impermeable dike. The proposed solutions exhibit efficacy in mitigating rapid deterioration during floods, securing both the dike head and the neighboring bank to avert failures in high-energy flow.展开更多
To revive the nation,the rural area must be revitalized.Every regional cultural and creative industry has its own development path and practical mode.From the perspective of rural revitalization,this paper conducts re...To revive the nation,the rural area must be revitalized.Every regional cultural and creative industry has its own development path and practical mode.From the perspective of rural revitalization,this paper conducts research on the development model of cultural and creative design,and analyzes the significance of the integration of creative design with rural regional culture.Based on the current situation of rural cultural and creative development in Shanxi Province,this study proposes to form a brand communication chain through the integration between cultural design and rural culture,and the establishment of cultural and creative brands,furthermore,to establish trending topics through multiple channels.Finally,the important practical significance of cultural and creative design in promoting rural economic development and enhancing rural culture value is discussed in this design strategy,so as to actively help the new journey of rural revitalization.展开更多
Experimentally, the best design gives estimates of the desired effects and contrasts with maximum precision. Efficiency as a discriminating factor enables comparison of designs. The goal of Response Surface Methodolog...Experimentally, the best design gives estimates of the desired effects and contrasts with maximum precision. Efficiency as a discriminating factor enables comparison of designs. The goal of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is the determination of the best settings of the in-put variables for a maximum (or a minimum) response within a region of interest, R. This calls for fitting a model that adequately represents the mean response since such a model, is then used to locate the optimum. D-, A-, E- and T-Optimal designs of a rotatable design of degree two in four dimensions constructed using balanced incomplete block designs (BIBD) when the number of replications is less than three times the number of pairs of treatments occur together in the design and their relative efficiencies to general designs are presented. D-optimal design had 88 runs after replicating the factorial part twice and the axial part thrice with an optimal variance of 0.6965612 giving an efficiency of 97.7% while for A- and T-optimal designs they are formed with 112 runs each obtained by replicating the factorial part two times and axial part six times. Their optimal variances are 0.05798174 and 1.29828 respectively, with efficiency of 71.8% for A-optimal and 87.5% for T-optimal design. E-optimal design was found to be the most efficient design with an only 32 runs comprising only of the factorial part and with an optimal variance of 0.4182000, attaining an efficiency of approximately 1%. This study proposes the adoption of the E-optimal design in estimating the parameters of a rotatable second-order degree model constructed using BIBD for less costs and time saving.展开更多
AIM:To elucidate whether differences exist in the impact on retarding the elongation of axial length(AL)among children with myopia when utilizing orthokeratology(ortho-k)lenses employing the corneal refractive therapy...AIM:To elucidate whether differences exist in the impact on retarding the elongation of axial length(AL)among children with myopia when utilizing orthokeratology(ortho-k)lenses employing the corneal refractive therapy(CRT)design versus those employing the vision shaping treatment(VST)design.METHODS:This retrospective clinical trial aimed to collect and analyze AL data from individuals who wore ortho-k lenses for three years.A total of 654 subjects were enrolled and prescribed one of the three specific brands of ortho-k lenses:CRT,Euclid,and Mouldway.The study’s primary focus was to compare the rates of AL elongation and myopic progression across these three brands of ortho-k lenses.RESULTS:In the 3-year follow-up,the AL elongation exhibited variations of 0.73±0.36 mm in the CRT lens group,0.59±0.37 mm in the Euclid lens group,and 0.63±0.38 mm in the Mouldway lens group.A noteworthy disparity emerged between the CRT and Mouldway groups(P<0.01),as well as between the CRT and Euclid groups(P<0.001).Additionally,it was observed that 32.1%of participants who wore CRT lenses experienced a decelerated progression of myopia,in contrast to 47.2%in the Euclid group and 44.4%in the Mouldway group.Statistical analyses revealed a statistically significant distinction between the CRT and Euclid groups(P<0.01),and similarly,the CRT group demonstrated a statistically significant difference when compared to the Mouldway group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Ortho-k lenses represent a pragmatic strategy for mitigating the advancement of myopia.In contradistinction to ortho-k lenses utilizing the CRT design,those employing the VST design exhibited a more favorable impact regarding retarding AL elongation.展开更多
Porous titanium alloy is currently widely used in clinical treatment of orthopaedic diseases for its lower elastic modulus and ability to integrate with bone tissue.At the micro-level,cells can respond to different ge...Porous titanium alloy is currently widely used in clinical treatment of orthopaedic diseases for its lower elastic modulus and ability to integrate with bone tissue.At the micro-level,cells can respond to different geometries,and at the macro-level,the geometric design of implants will also affect the biological function of cells.In this study,three kinds of porous scaffolds with square,triangular and circle rod shapes were designed and 3D printed.This study observed the proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells during surface culture of the three types of scaffolds.It also evaluated the characteristics of the three scaffolds by means of compression tests and scanning electron microscopy to provide a reference for the design of porous titanium alloy implants for clinical applications.The trends of cell proliferation and gene expression between the three types of scaffolds were observed after treatment with two inhibitors.The results show that the square rod porous scaffolds have the best proliferative and osteogenic activities,and these findings may be due to differences in piezo-type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1(Piezo1)and Yes-associated protein(YAP)expression caused by the macro-geometric topography.展开更多
Despite continuous efforts to improve the robustness of cardiac valve implants,neither bioprosthetic nor mechanical valves fulfill both hemodynamic and durability requirements.This study discussed novel flexible leafl...Despite continuous efforts to improve the robustness of cardiac valve implants,neither bioprosthetic nor mechanical valves fulfill both hemodynamic and durability requirements.This study discussed novel flexible leaflet designs,focusing on polymeric materials with proven hemocompatibility,such as polyether ether ketone,of much higher stiffness than native tissue,aiming at optimal valve implants.A biomimetic valve with a single-curvature belly-curve(B-C)was used as a reference for new design variants with a double-curvature B-C with varying radii.Soft(13.2 MPa)and stiff(2.4 GPa)leaflet materials and different thicknesses were studied using lean simulations and in vitro experiments under physiologic hemodynamic conditions.The performance was assessed using opening pressure(OP)and orifice area(OA).The latter was determined by a newly developed automatized image processing tool.Experimental trends are in agreement with simulations and demonstrated that a buckling-inspired double-curvature leaflet design significantly enhances the trileaflet valve opening behavior,which is particularly advantageous for stiffer leaflet materials.Compared to the reference,the best-performing variant showed an OP improvement of 47%and 44%based on simulations and experiments,respectively.In contrast,the achieved mean pressure differential was directly comparable to state-of-the-art bioprosthetic valves.The OA was slightly reduced for new variants but still in the satisfying range.展开更多
This paper focuses on the route and roadbed pavement design in highway reconstruction and upgrading projects.It discusses the importance of project design for highway reconstruction and upgrading,highlighting key aspe...This paper focuses on the route and roadbed pavement design in highway reconstruction and upgrading projects.It discusses the importance of project design for highway reconstruction and upgrading,highlighting key aspects of route design and roadbed pavement design.The analysis reveals that the main design considerations in these projects include controlling factors of route reconstruction,expansion,and upgrading,as well as route plan design and longitudinal section design combined with roadbed pavement.In roadbed pavement design,it is crucial for designers to thoroughly collect existing data and make reasonable use of the current roadbed and pavement to develop a comprehensive design scheme.This analysis aims to provide a reference for the reasonable design of such projects.展开更多
The study on designs for the baseline parameterization has aroused attention in recent years. This paper focuses on two-level regular designs for the baseline parameterization. A general result on the relationship bet...The study on designs for the baseline parameterization has aroused attention in recent years. This paper focuses on two-level regular designs for the baseline parameterization. A general result on the relationship between K-aberration and word length pattern is developed.展开更多
A t-(v,k,λ)design is said to be G-point-primitive or G-block-transitive,if its automorphism group G acts primitively on the point set or transitively on the block set,respectively.In this paper we begin by extending ...A t-(v,k,λ)design is said to be G-point-primitive or G-block-transitive,if its automorphism group G acts primitively on the point set or transitively on the block set,respectively.In this paper we begin by extending some results on block-transitive Steiner 2-designs to block-transitive 3-designs,and then based on these results,investigate the G-point-primitive block-transitive 3-(v,k,λ)designs for alternating or symmetric groups G.We prove that when n≥min{λ^(2),30}the point stabilizer in G must be of intransitive type,and specifically,when n≥30 there exists no nontrivial G-point-primitive block-transitive 3-(v,k,2)design.展开更多
A symbol is an expression of meaning,while blank symbols express special meanings.By focusing on the application of blank symbols in Japanese architecture and indoor designs,we analyzed the aesthetic principles in Jap...A symbol is an expression of meaning,while blank symbols express special meanings.By focusing on the application of blank symbols in Japanese architecture and indoor designs,we analyzed the aesthetic principles in Japanese architecture and indoor designs from the perspective of semiotics,such as“Kongji,”“Emptiness,”and“Dying out,”and their minimalist and pure design concepts.Traditional Chinese culture was also further explored,especially the profound influence of the“Chan sect”and the philosophy of“unity of heaven and mankind”on Japanese architecture and designs.This study aims to facilitate the coexistence and mutual appreciation of Chinese and Japanese architectural designs.展开更多
With the rapid development of modern wireless communications and radar, antennas and arrays are becoming more complex, therein having, e.g., more degrees of design freedom, integration and fabrication constraints and ...With the rapid development of modern wireless communications and radar, antennas and arrays are becoming more complex, therein having, e.g., more degrees of design freedom, integration and fabrication constraints and design objectives. While fullwave electromagnetic simulation can be very accurate and therefore essential to the design process, it is also very time consuming, which leads to many challenges for antenna design, optimization and sensitivity analysis(SA). Recently, machine-learning-assisted optimization(MLAO) has been widely introduced to accelerate the design process of antennas and arrays. Machine learning(ML) methods, including Gaussian process regression, support vector machine(SVM) and artificial neural networks(ANNs), have been applied to build surrogate models of antennas to achieve fast response prediction. With the help of these ML methods, various MLAO algorithms have been proposed for different applications. A comprehensive survey of recent advances in ML methods for antenna modeling is first presented. Then, algorithms for ML-assisted antenna design, including optimization and SA, are reviewed. Finally, some challenges facing future MLAO for antenna design are discussed.展开更多
Through elaborating the concept of plant architecture, analyzing and summarizing its design principles and material selection, this study tries to offer a new approach for architectural designs in China.
文摘Labubu has become a global star,from Paris and New York to London and Milan.These charming figurines from Chinese toy manufacturer Pop Mart,with their soft fur,expressive eyes,pointed teeth and rabbit ears,have captivated buyers both in shops and online.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(22272150,22302177)Major Program of Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LD22B030002)+2 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Ten Thousand Talent Program(2021R51009)Public Technology Application Project of Jinhua City(2022-4-067)Self Designed Scientific Research of Zhejiang Normal University(2021ZS0604)。
文摘Biomass conversion offers an efficient approach to alleviate the energy and environmental issues.Electrochemical oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)has attracted tremendous attention in the latest few years for the mild synthesis conditions and high conversion efficiency to obtain 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid(FDCA),but there still remain problems such as limited yield,short cycle life,and ambiguous reaction mechanism.Despite many reviews highlighting a variety of electrocatalysts for electrochemical oxidation of HMF,a detailed discussion of the structural modulation of catalyst and the underlying catalytic mechanism is still lacking.We herein provide a comprehensive summary of the recent development of electrochemical oxidation of HMF to FDCA,particularly focusing on the mechanism studies as well as the advanced strategies developed to regulate the structure and optimize the performance of the electrocatalysts,including heterointerface construction,defect engineering,single-atom engineering,and in situ reconstruction.Experimental characterization techniques and theoretical calculation methods for mechanism and active site studies are elaborated,and challenges and future directions of electrochemical oxidation of HMF are also prospected.This review will provide guidance for designing advanced catalysts and deepening the understanding of the reaction mechanism beneath electrochemical oxidation of HMF to FDCA.
基金supported in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province under Grant 2022J01169the Local Science and Technology Development of Fujian Province under Grant 2021L3010+3 种基金the Key Project of Science and Technology Innovation of Fujian Province under Grant 2021G02006the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 61971360 and 62271420the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62071247the Urban Carbon Neutral Science and Technology Innovation Fund Project of Beijing University of Technology ($040000514122607$)。
文摘In this paper,the application of Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access(NOMA)is investigated in a multiple-input single-output network consisting of multiple legitimate users and a potential eavesdropper.To support secure transmissions from legitimate users,two NOMA Secrecy Sum Rate Transmit Beam Forming(NOMA-SSR-TBF)schemes are proposed to maximise the SSR of a Base Station(BS)with sufficient and insufficient transmit power.For BS with sufficient transmit power,an artificial jamming beamforming design scheme is proposed to disrupt the potential eavesdropping without impacting the legitimate transmissions.In addition,for BS with insufficient transmit power,a modified successive interference cancellation decoding sequence is used to reduce the impact of artificial jamming on legitimate transmissions.More specifically,iterative algorithm for the successive convex approximation are provided to jointly optimise the vectors of transmit beamforming and artificial jamming.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed NOMA-SSR-TBF schemes outperforms the existing works,such as the maximized artificial jamming power scheme,the maximized artificial jamming power scheme with artificial jamming beamforming design and maximized secrecy sum rate scheme without artificial jamming beamforming design.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Fund for Basic Research of Guizhou Province([2020]1Y010)National Nature Sciences Foundation of China(11901260,12071096,12501342)Specialized Fund for the Doctoral Development of Kaili University(BS202502028)。
文摘The upper bound on the model error will be decreased when the mean square error and the maximum distance deviation are sufficiently small in the uniform designs for mixture experiments and the design is more robust for the model.However,the analytical expressions of MSED and MD are currently only available in the hypercube,but both types of deviations in other studies are just approximations.Although it can obtain good approximations in the low-dimensional case,the calculation will be more complicated for an experiment with more variables.Therefore,in this paper,an algorithm based on lattice point partitioning design is proposed to obtain the analytical expression of the MSED and MD in the region covered by the lattice points.Furthermore,the design’s optimality is considered and illustrated by examples under the same uniformity.
文摘This paper delves into the baseline design under the baseline parameterization model in experimental design, focusing on the relationship between the K-aberration criterion and the word length pattern (WLP) of regular two-level designs. The paper provides a detailed analysis of the relationship between K5and the WLP for regular two-level designs with resolution t=3, and proposes corresponding theoretical results. These results not only theoretically reveal the connection between the orthogonal parameterization model and the baseline parameterization model but also provide theoretical support for finding the K-aberration optimal regular two-level baseline designs. It demonstrates how to apply these theories to evaluate and select the optimal experimental designs. In practical applications, experimental designers can utilize the theoretical results of this paper to quickly assess and select regular two-level baseline designs with minimal K-aberration by analyzing the WLP of the experimental design. This allows for the identification of key factors that significantly affect the experimental outcomes without frequently changing the factor levels, thereby maximizing the benefits of the experiment.
基金funded by the TaipeiMedical University-National Taiwan University of Science and Technology joint research program under Grant No.TMU-NTUST-109-09.
文摘Reconstruction of a traumatic distal femur defect remains a therapeutic challenge.Bone defect implants have been proposed to substitute the bone defect,and their biomechanical performances can be analyzed via a numerical approach.However,the material assumptions for past computational human femur simulations were mainly homogeneous.Thus,this study aimed to design and analyze scaffolds for reconstructing the distal femur defect using a patient-specific finite element modeling technique.A three-dimensional finite element model of the human femur with accurate geometry and material distribution was developed using the finite element method and material mapping technique.An intact femur and a distal femur defect model treated with nine microstructure scaffolds and two solid scaffolds were investigated and compared under a single-leg stance loading.The results showed that the metal solid scaffold design could provide the most stable fixation for reconstructing the distal femur defect.However,the fixation stability was affected by various microstructure designs and pillar diameters.A microstructure scaffold can be designed to satisfy all the biomechanical indexes,opening up future possibilities for more stable reconstructions.A three-dimensional finite element model of the femur with real bone geometry and bone material distribution can be developed,and this patient-specific femur model can be used for studying other femoral fractures or injuries,paving the way for more comprehensive research in the field.Besides,this patient-specific finite element modeling technique can also be applied to developing other human or animal bone models,expanding the scope of biomechanical research.
文摘The traditional Feng Shui pattern embodies rich ecological wisdom and philosophical thoughts,which are of great significance to the modern sustainable space design.The core concepts of Feng Shui patterns from traditional civilization can provide a theoretical foundation and research framework for this study.By integrating these principles,such as“hiding the wind and gathering the Qi”and“backing the mountain and facing the water”,a functional relationship between urban structures can be established.This approach can help optimize the spatial layout of urban elements,minimize energy consumption,and enhance environmental comfort.It also examines the influence of the ShanShui City pattern in traditional Feng Shui on guiding the development of modern urban ecological networks,as well as its role in protecting and restoring biodiversity through ecological corridors and ecological nodes.The modern urban design of traditional Feng Shui culture focuses on the inheritance and innovation of riotous things and the combination of traditional Feng Shui concepts and modern design concepts to form ecological spaces with cultural connotation.This paper hopes to give some inspiration or methods for contemporary urban design and to reconcile the relationship between human and nature through these thoughts.
文摘This study aimed to devise strategies for alleviating the detrimental impacts of floods in the vicinity of a dike. Experiments were conducted in an open rectangular channel to investigate the flow dynamics under varying dike conditions. To address concerns related to intense whirls and concentrated flow around the dike head, comparative analysis was performed in terms of flow structures and energy reduction around I-shaped and T-shaped dikes with two ratios of wing length (lw) to dike length (ld) (lw/ld = 1.41 and 2.43). The T-shaped dike wings were equipped with diverse designs: angled footing, delta vane, and streamlined tapered, resulting in elevated backwater in front of the dike, reduced velocity, and enhanced energy reduction. The findings indicated that elongating the wing reciprocally affected the depth-averaged velocity (at the dike head and near the adjacent dike bank), concurrently impacting flow deflection, backwater rise, and energy reduction rate. The T-shaped dike, specifically with an angled footing (lw/ld = 2.43), yielded optimal outcomes. These included significant reductions in maximum energy (46%), tip velocity (98%), and dike adjacent bank velocity (90%), as well as significant flow deflection towards the mainstream, outperforming the I-shaped impermeable dike. The proposed solutions exhibit efficacy in mitigating rapid deterioration during floods, securing both the dike head and the neighboring bank to avert failures in high-energy flow.
文摘To revive the nation,the rural area must be revitalized.Every regional cultural and creative industry has its own development path and practical mode.From the perspective of rural revitalization,this paper conducts research on the development model of cultural and creative design,and analyzes the significance of the integration of creative design with rural regional culture.Based on the current situation of rural cultural and creative development in Shanxi Province,this study proposes to form a brand communication chain through the integration between cultural design and rural culture,and the establishment of cultural and creative brands,furthermore,to establish trending topics through multiple channels.Finally,the important practical significance of cultural and creative design in promoting rural economic development and enhancing rural culture value is discussed in this design strategy,so as to actively help the new journey of rural revitalization.
文摘Experimentally, the best design gives estimates of the desired effects and contrasts with maximum precision. Efficiency as a discriminating factor enables comparison of designs. The goal of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is the determination of the best settings of the in-put variables for a maximum (or a minimum) response within a region of interest, R. This calls for fitting a model that adequately represents the mean response since such a model, is then used to locate the optimum. D-, A-, E- and T-Optimal designs of a rotatable design of degree two in four dimensions constructed using balanced incomplete block designs (BIBD) when the number of replications is less than three times the number of pairs of treatments occur together in the design and their relative efficiencies to general designs are presented. D-optimal design had 88 runs after replicating the factorial part twice and the axial part thrice with an optimal variance of 0.6965612 giving an efficiency of 97.7% while for A- and T-optimal designs they are formed with 112 runs each obtained by replicating the factorial part two times and axial part six times. Their optimal variances are 0.05798174 and 1.29828 respectively, with efficiency of 71.8% for A-optimal and 87.5% for T-optimal design. E-optimal design was found to be the most efficient design with an only 32 runs comprising only of the factorial part and with an optimal variance of 0.4182000, attaining an efficiency of approximately 1%. This study proposes the adoption of the E-optimal design in estimating the parameters of a rotatable second-order degree model constructed using BIBD for less costs and time saving.
文摘AIM:To elucidate whether differences exist in the impact on retarding the elongation of axial length(AL)among children with myopia when utilizing orthokeratology(ortho-k)lenses employing the corneal refractive therapy(CRT)design versus those employing the vision shaping treatment(VST)design.METHODS:This retrospective clinical trial aimed to collect and analyze AL data from individuals who wore ortho-k lenses for three years.A total of 654 subjects were enrolled and prescribed one of the three specific brands of ortho-k lenses:CRT,Euclid,and Mouldway.The study’s primary focus was to compare the rates of AL elongation and myopic progression across these three brands of ortho-k lenses.RESULTS:In the 3-year follow-up,the AL elongation exhibited variations of 0.73±0.36 mm in the CRT lens group,0.59±0.37 mm in the Euclid lens group,and 0.63±0.38 mm in the Mouldway lens group.A noteworthy disparity emerged between the CRT and Mouldway groups(P<0.01),as well as between the CRT and Euclid groups(P<0.001).Additionally,it was observed that 32.1%of participants who wore CRT lenses experienced a decelerated progression of myopia,in contrast to 47.2%in the Euclid group and 44.4%in the Mouldway group.Statistical analyses revealed a statistically significant distinction between the CRT and Euclid groups(P<0.01),and similarly,the CRT group demonstrated a statistically significant difference when compared to the Mouldway group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Ortho-k lenses represent a pragmatic strategy for mitigating the advancement of myopia.In contradistinction to ortho-k lenses utilizing the CRT design,those employing the VST design exhibited a more favorable impact regarding retarding AL elongation.
基金This study was carried out at the 3D Printing Innovation Research Centre of the Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to the School of Medicine of Shanghai Jiao Tong University,and the authors thank the founding support from the Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty-Biomedical Materials(shslczdzk06701)the 3-year Action Plan of Shen kang Development Centre(SHDC2020CR2019B)+2 种基金the Huangpu District Industrial Support Fund(XK2020009)the Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Innovative Orthopedic Instruments and Personalized Medicine(19DZ2250200)the Industry Standard Study on 3D Printing Personalized Titanium Alloy Pelvic Reconstruction Prosthesis(21DZ2201500).
文摘Porous titanium alloy is currently widely used in clinical treatment of orthopaedic diseases for its lower elastic modulus and ability to integrate with bone tissue.At the micro-level,cells can respond to different geometries,and at the macro-level,the geometric design of implants will also affect the biological function of cells.In this study,three kinds of porous scaffolds with square,triangular and circle rod shapes were designed and 3D printed.This study observed the proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells during surface culture of the three types of scaffolds.It also evaluated the characteristics of the three scaffolds by means of compression tests and scanning electron microscopy to provide a reference for the design of porous titanium alloy implants for clinical applications.The trends of cell proliferation and gene expression between the three types of scaffolds were observed after treatment with two inhibitors.The results show that the square rod porous scaffolds have the best proliferative and osteogenic activities,and these findings may be due to differences in piezo-type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1(Piezo1)and Yes-associated protein(YAP)expression caused by the macro-geometric topography.
基金provided by Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of TechnologyUniversitat Zürichthe Laboratory of Composite Materials and Adaptive structures。
文摘Despite continuous efforts to improve the robustness of cardiac valve implants,neither bioprosthetic nor mechanical valves fulfill both hemodynamic and durability requirements.This study discussed novel flexible leaflet designs,focusing on polymeric materials with proven hemocompatibility,such as polyether ether ketone,of much higher stiffness than native tissue,aiming at optimal valve implants.A biomimetic valve with a single-curvature belly-curve(B-C)was used as a reference for new design variants with a double-curvature B-C with varying radii.Soft(13.2 MPa)and stiff(2.4 GPa)leaflet materials and different thicknesses were studied using lean simulations and in vitro experiments under physiologic hemodynamic conditions.The performance was assessed using opening pressure(OP)and orifice area(OA).The latter was determined by a newly developed automatized image processing tool.Experimental trends are in agreement with simulations and demonstrated that a buckling-inspired double-curvature leaflet design significantly enhances the trileaflet valve opening behavior,which is particularly advantageous for stiffer leaflet materials.Compared to the reference,the best-performing variant showed an OP improvement of 47%and 44%based on simulations and experiments,respectively.In contrast,the achieved mean pressure differential was directly comparable to state-of-the-art bioprosthetic valves.The OA was slightly reduced for new variants but still in the satisfying range.
文摘This paper focuses on the route and roadbed pavement design in highway reconstruction and upgrading projects.It discusses the importance of project design for highway reconstruction and upgrading,highlighting key aspects of route design and roadbed pavement design.The analysis reveals that the main design considerations in these projects include controlling factors of route reconstruction,expansion,and upgrading,as well as route plan design and longitudinal section design combined with roadbed pavement.In roadbed pavement design,it is crucial for designers to thoroughly collect existing data and make reasonable use of the current roadbed and pavement to develop a comprehensive design scheme.This analysis aims to provide a reference for the reasonable design of such projects.
文摘The study on designs for the baseline parameterization has aroused attention in recent years. This paper focuses on two-level regular designs for the baseline parameterization. A general result on the relationship between K-aberration and word length pattern is developed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12471022)。
文摘A t-(v,k,λ)design is said to be G-point-primitive or G-block-transitive,if its automorphism group G acts primitively on the point set or transitively on the block set,respectively.In this paper we begin by extending some results on block-transitive Steiner 2-designs to block-transitive 3-designs,and then based on these results,investigate the G-point-primitive block-transitive 3-(v,k,λ)designs for alternating or symmetric groups G.We prove that when n≥min{λ^(2),30}the point stabilizer in G must be of intransitive type,and specifically,when n≥30 there exists no nontrivial G-point-primitive block-transitive 3-(v,k,2)design.
基金Department of Education in Yunnan Province Fund for Scientific Research,Research on the Origin Tracing of the Traditional Architectures of Limi People of Yunnan Yi Ethnic Group(No.2022Y658).
文摘A symbol is an expression of meaning,while blank symbols express special meanings.By focusing on the application of blank symbols in Japanese architecture and indoor designs,we analyzed the aesthetic principles in Japanese architecture and indoor designs from the perspective of semiotics,such as“Kongji,”“Emptiness,”and“Dying out,”and their minimalist and pure design concepts.Traditional Chinese culture was also further explored,especially the profound influence of the“Chan sect”and the philosophy of“unity of heaven and mankind”on Japanese architecture and designs.This study aims to facilitate the coexistence and mutual appreciation of Chinese and Japanese architectural designs.
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China under grant 2018YFB1801101the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grants 61671145 and 61960206006the Key R&D Program of Jiangsu Province of China under grant BE2018121.
文摘With the rapid development of modern wireless communications and radar, antennas and arrays are becoming more complex, therein having, e.g., more degrees of design freedom, integration and fabrication constraints and design objectives. While fullwave electromagnetic simulation can be very accurate and therefore essential to the design process, it is also very time consuming, which leads to many challenges for antenna design, optimization and sensitivity analysis(SA). Recently, machine-learning-assisted optimization(MLAO) has been widely introduced to accelerate the design process of antennas and arrays. Machine learning(ML) methods, including Gaussian process regression, support vector machine(SVM) and artificial neural networks(ANNs), have been applied to build surrogate models of antennas to achieve fast response prediction. With the help of these ML methods, various MLAO algorithms have been proposed for different applications. A comprehensive survey of recent advances in ML methods for antenna modeling is first presented. Then, algorithms for ML-assisted antenna design, including optimization and SA, are reviewed. Finally, some challenges facing future MLAO for antenna design are discussed.
文摘Through elaborating the concept of plant architecture, analyzing and summarizing its design principles and material selection, this study tries to offer a new approach for architectural designs in China.
