As a response to the complexity of modern health care,nursing education is undergoing significant transformation.This paper aims to explore changing dynamics in nursing education,highlighting trends,challenges,and the...As a response to the complexity of modern health care,nursing education is undergoing significant transformation.This paper aims to explore changing dynamics in nursing education,highlighting trends,challenges,and the potential of Design-Based Research(DBR)as a methodological approach for curricular enhancement.This study employed a qualitative synthesis methodology was utilised,employing a systematic literature analysis of peer-reviewed articles published from 2019 to 2023.Relevant studies were searched in primary databases such as PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar,using specific keywords pertaining to nursing education,innovative pedagogical approaches,and DBR.The review revealed significant trends in nursing education including empathy and resilience,cultural competence,technology,interprofessional education,as well as competency-based approaches.Major challenges included teacher shortages,limited clinical placements,technological adaptability,and student mental health issues.DBR became an approach to address these challenges and offers an iterative model for curriculum development and educational innovation.DBR is a systematic and collaborative way to improve nursing education.Despite the barriers to implementation,DBR can lead to a more applicable curriculum based on real-world healthcare needs and create a nimbler educational process to prepare nursing graduates for working in complex healthcare environments.展开更多
In recent years,China has been issuing artificial intelligence(AI)education policies to promote the deep integration between AI and education.Setting AI courses at the basic education phase can cultivate students’AI ...In recent years,China has been issuing artificial intelligence(AI)education policies to promote the deep integration between AI and education.Setting AI courses at the basic education phase can cultivate students’AI literacy and enhance the country’s science and technology competitiveness in the future.However,due to shortages of AI teachers and inadequate conditions for practice,the current AI courses in primary and secondary schools are not enough in effectiveness.In light of current problems,this study,based on the foundation of university-enterprise cooperation,integrates the“competition and education”mechanism into informal AI course design and practice.Using a design-based research paradigm,the study proposes the design framework from four dimensions:goals,themes and content,methods and steps,and evaluation,and then further refines the framework through two rounds of iterations,to provide a reference for the development and practice of AI courses.展开更多
Remotely sensed data are frequently used for predicting and mapping ecosystem characteristics,and spatially explicit wall-to-wall information is sometimes proposed as the best possible source of information for decisi...Remotely sensed data are frequently used for predicting and mapping ecosystem characteristics,and spatially explicit wall-to-wall information is sometimes proposed as the best possible source of information for decisionmaking.However,wall-to-wall information typically relies on model-based prediction,and several features of model-based prediction should be understood before extensively relying on this type of information.One such feature is that model-based predictors can be considered both unbiased and biased at the same time,which has important implications in several areas of application.In this discussion paper,we first describe the conventional model-unbiasedness paradigm that underpins most prediction techniques using remotely sensed(or other)auxiliary data.From this point of view,model-based predictors are typically unbiased.Secondly,we show that for specific domains,identified based on their true values,the same model-based predictors can be considered biased,and sometimes severely so.We suggest distinguishing between conventional model-bias,defined in the statistical literature as the difference between the expected value of a predictor and the expected value of the quantity being predicted,and design-bias of model-based estimators,defined as the difference between the expected value of a model-based estimator and the true value of the quantity being predicted.We show that model-based estimators(or predictors)are typically design-biased,and that there is a trend in the design-bias from overestimating small true values to underestimating large true values.Further,we give examples of applications where this is important to acknowledge and to potentially make adjustments to correct for the design-bias trend.We argue that relying entirely on conventional model-unbiasedness may lead to mistakes in several areas of application that use predictions from remotely sensed data.展开更多
This paper focuses on the use of models for increasing the precision of estimators in large-area forest surveys. It is motivated by the increasing availability of remotely sensed data, which facilitates the developmen...This paper focuses on the use of models for increasing the precision of estimators in large-area forest surveys. It is motivated by the increasing availability of remotely sensed data, which facilitates the development of models predicting the variables of interest in forest surveys. We present, review and compare three different estimation frameworks where models play a core role： model-assisted, model-based, and hybrid estimation. The first two are well known, whereas the third has only recently been introduced in forest surveys. Hybrid inference mixes design- based and model-based inference, since it relies on a probability sample of auxiliary data and a model predicting the target variable from the auxiliary data.We review studies on large-area forest surveys based on model-assisted, model- based, and hybrid estimation, and discuss advantages and disadvantages of the approaches. We conclude that no general recommendations can be made about whether model-assisted, model-based, or hybrid estimation should be preferred. The choice depends on the objective of the survey and the possibilities to acquire appropriate field and remotely sensed data. We also conclude that modelling approaches can only be successfully applied for estimating target variables such as growing stock volume or biomass, which are adequately related to commonly available remotely sensed data, and thus purely field based surveys remain important for several important forest parameters.展开更多
The characterization of agronomically important genes has great potential for the improvement of wheat.However,progress in wheat genetics and functional genomics has been impeded by the high complexity and enormous si...The characterization of agronomically important genes has great potential for the improvement of wheat.However,progress in wheat genetics and functional genomics has been impeded by the high complexity and enormous size of the wheat genome.Recent advances in genome sequencing and sequence assembly have produced a high-quality genome sequence for wheat.Here,we suggest that the strategies used to characterize biological mechanisms in model species,including mutant preparation and characterization,gene cloning methods,and improved transgenic technology,can be applied to wheat biology.These strategies will accelerate progress in wheat biology and promote wheat breeding program development.We also outline recent advances in wheat functional genomics.Finally,we discuss the future of wheat functional genomics and the rational design-based molecular breeding of new wheat varieties to contribute to world food security.展开更多
There are two distinct types of domains,design-and cross-classes domains,with the former extensively studied under the topic of small-area estimation.In natural resource inventory,however,most classes listed in the co...There are two distinct types of domains,design-and cross-classes domains,with the former extensively studied under the topic of small-area estimation.In natural resource inventory,however,most classes listed in the condition tables of national inventory programs are characterized as cross-classes domains,such as vegetation type,productivity class,and age class.To date,challenges remain active for inventorying cross-classes domains because these domains are usually of unknown sampling frame and spatial distribution with the result that inference relies on population-level as opposed to domain-level sampling.Multiple challenges are noteworthy:(1)efficient sampling strategies are difficult to develop because of little priori information about the target domain;(2)domain inference relies on a sample designed for the population,so within-domain sample sizes could be too small to support a precise estimation;and(3)increasing sample size for the population does not ensure an increase to the domain,so actual sample size for a target domain remains highly uncertain,particularly for small domains.In this paper,we introduce a design-based generalized systematic adaptive cluster sampling(GSACS)for inventorying cross-classes domains.Design-unbiased Hansen-Hurwitz and Horvitz-Thompson estimators are derived for domain totals and compared within GSACS and with systematic sampling(SYS).Comprehensive Monte Carlo simulations show that(1)GSACS Hansen-Hurwitz and Horvitz-Thompson estimators are unbiased and equally efficient,whereas thelatter outperforms the former for supporting a sample of size one;(2)SYS is a special case of GSACS while the latter outperforms the former in terms of increased efficiency and reduced intensity;(3)GSACS Horvitz-Thompson variance estimator is design-unbiased for a single SYS sample;and(4)rules-ofthumb summarized with respect to sampling design and spatial effect improve precision.Because inventorying a mini domain is analogous to inventorying a rare variable,alternative network sampling procedures are also readily available for inventorying cross-classes domains.展开更多
Renewable energy sources(RES)have strong uncertainties,which significantly increase the risks of power imbalance and load shedding in composite power systems.It is thus necessary to evaluate the operational reliabilit...Renewable energy sources(RES)have strong uncertainties,which significantly increase the risks of power imbalance and load shedding in composite power systems.It is thus necessary to evaluate the operational reliability for guiding economic dispatch and reducing the risks.Current methods cannot meet the requirement for the operational timeliness of reliability evaluations due to the high computa-tional complexity of the optimal power flow(OPF)calculations of massive contingencies.This paper pro-poses a fully analytical approach to construct fast-to-run analytical functions of reliability indices and avoid reassessments when the load and RES change.The approach consists of uniform design(UD)-based contingency screening and a modified stochastic response surface method(mSRSM).The contin-gency screening method is used to select critical contingencies while considering the uncertainties.The mSRSM is used to construct the analytical functions of the load shedding to the load and RES gener-ation for the selected contingencies.An analytical function of a smooth virtual variable that maps to the load shedding is established in such a way that,when the load and RES vary,the reliability can be assessed within a very short time rather than using laborious OPF calculations.Case studies illustrate the excellent performance of the proposed method for real-time reliability evaluation.展开更多
The new ecolinguistics treats language as a part of human action.Languaging,the basis for language development,co-constitutes technologically endowed environments.The result,we argue,can enhance both second language l...The new ecolinguistics treats language as a part of human action.Languaging,the basis for language development,co-constitutes technologically endowed environments.The result,we argue,can enhance both second language learning and aspects of human agency.Using historical and current research,we stress skillful action and,given a special stance,how expertise is generated by drawing on languages while engaging in a range of practices.A combination of languaging,statistical learning and skillful action therefore enables technology to sustain a vast range of coordinated activities.Accordingly,we advocate for the design of technology-rich environments where people change themselves by drawing on second languages to gain skills and expertise as they use new modes of action,coordination and collaboration.展开更多
The production-oriented approach （POA） has been developed over a decade. It is driven by the need to improve English classroom instruction for university students in China （Wen, 2016）. It is also motivated by the ...The production-oriented approach （POA） has been developed over a decade. It is driven by the need to improve English classroom instruction for university students in China （Wen, 2016）. It is also motivated by the aspiration to enhance the quality of foreign language education in other similar pedagogical contexts outside China. A volume of research has been done by Wen Qiufang and her research team, to formulate the theory of POA and to test its effectiveness in classroom pedagogy （e.g. Wen, 2016, 2015; Yang, 2015; Zhang, 2015）. At the moment, the POA is still at an early stage of theory building and almost all empirical research is done in the Chinese context. In order to improve the quality of this theory and to make it intelligible to the international academic community, a one-day symposium was held in Beijing Foreign Studies University on May 15, 2017. The symposium was entitled ＇The first international forum on innovative foreign language education in China： Appraisal of the POA＇. In the forum, leading experts in applied linguistics were invited to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the POA and the directions for its future development. The symposium was the first attempt for the POA research team to discuss its latest work with international scholars. This Viewpoint section collects the responses of four experts who participated in the symposium, listed in alphabetical order. The collection of articles covers three topics related to the POA： its pedagogical application, its use for teacher training, and its research. Alister Cumming is Professor Emeritus and the former Head of the Centre for Educational Research on Languages and Literacies, University of Toronto, Canada. His article focuses primarily on POA research as an exemplary case of design-based research. Rod Ellis is Research Professor in the School of Education at Curtin University, Australia. He discusses POA in terms of pedagogy, teacher training and research, with both critiques and constructive suggestions. Paul Kei Matsuda is Professor of English and Director of Second Language Writing at Arizona State University, the writed states. He responds to POA from the perspective of an expert researcher and teacher of L2 writing. Charlene Polio is Professor and Associate Chair in the Department of Linguistics ＆ Germanic, Slavic, Asian ＆ African Languages atMichigan State University, the writed states. She conceptualises POA as a useful method to address some issues in pre-service teacher development. Overall, the articles in this section are insightful and reader-friendly. They are not only useful for the development of POA in particular, but may also be valuable to a broad range of researchers as they touch upon pertaining issues, as well as emerging topics, in the field of applied linguistics. We therefore find it necessary to make them accessible to a wide readership.展开更多
文摘As a response to the complexity of modern health care,nursing education is undergoing significant transformation.This paper aims to explore changing dynamics in nursing education,highlighting trends,challenges,and the potential of Design-Based Research(DBR)as a methodological approach for curricular enhancement.This study employed a qualitative synthesis methodology was utilised,employing a systematic literature analysis of peer-reviewed articles published from 2019 to 2023.Relevant studies were searched in primary databases such as PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar,using specific keywords pertaining to nursing education,innovative pedagogical approaches,and DBR.The review revealed significant trends in nursing education including empathy and resilience,cultural competence,technology,interprofessional education,as well as competency-based approaches.Major challenges included teacher shortages,limited clinical placements,technological adaptability,and student mental health issues.DBR became an approach to address these challenges and offers an iterative model for curriculum development and educational innovation.DBR is a systematic and collaborative way to improve nursing education.Despite the barriers to implementation,DBR can lead to a more applicable curriculum based on real-world healthcare needs and create a nimbler educational process to prepare nursing graduates for working in complex healthcare environments.
文摘In recent years,China has been issuing artificial intelligence(AI)education policies to promote the deep integration between AI and education.Setting AI courses at the basic education phase can cultivate students’AI literacy and enhance the country’s science and technology competitiveness in the future.However,due to shortages of AI teachers and inadequate conditions for practice,the current AI courses in primary and secondary schools are not enough in effectiveness.In light of current problems,this study,based on the foundation of university-enterprise cooperation,integrates the“competition and education”mechanism into informal AI course design and practice.Using a design-based research paradigm,the study proposes the design framework from four dimensions:goals,themes and content,methods and steps,and evaluation,and then further refines the framework through two rounds of iterations,to provide a reference for the development and practice of AI courses.
基金part of the programme Mistra Digital Forests and of the Center for Research-based Innovation Smart Forest:Bringing Industry 4.0to the Norwegian forest sector(NFR SFI project no.309671,smartforest.no)。
文摘Remotely sensed data are frequently used for predicting and mapping ecosystem characteristics,and spatially explicit wall-to-wall information is sometimes proposed as the best possible source of information for decisionmaking.However,wall-to-wall information typically relies on model-based prediction,and several features of model-based prediction should be understood before extensively relying on this type of information.One such feature is that model-based predictors can be considered both unbiased and biased at the same time,which has important implications in several areas of application.In this discussion paper,we first describe the conventional model-unbiasedness paradigm that underpins most prediction techniques using remotely sensed(or other)auxiliary data.From this point of view,model-based predictors are typically unbiased.Secondly,we show that for specific domains,identified based on their true values,the same model-based predictors can be considered biased,and sometimes severely so.We suggest distinguishing between conventional model-bias,defined in the statistical literature as the difference between the expected value of a predictor and the expected value of the quantity being predicted,and design-bias of model-based estimators,defined as the difference between the expected value of a model-based estimator and the true value of the quantity being predicted.We show that model-based estimators(or predictors)are typically design-biased,and that there is a trend in the design-bias from overestimating small true values to underestimating large true values.Further,we give examples of applications where this is important to acknowledge and to potentially make adjustments to correct for the design-bias trend.We argue that relying entirely on conventional model-unbiasedness may lead to mistakes in several areas of application that use predictions from remotely sensed data.
文摘This paper focuses on the use of models for increasing the precision of estimators in large-area forest surveys. It is motivated by the increasing availability of remotely sensed data, which facilitates the development of models predicting the variables of interest in forest surveys. We present, review and compare three different estimation frameworks where models play a core role： model-assisted, model-based, and hybrid estimation. The first two are well known, whereas the third has only recently been introduced in forest surveys. Hybrid inference mixes design- based and model-based inference, since it relies on a probability sample of auxiliary data and a model predicting the target variable from the auxiliary data.We review studies on large-area forest surveys based on model-assisted, model- based, and hybrid estimation, and discuss advantages and disadvantages of the approaches. We conclude that no general recommendations can be made about whether model-assisted, model-based, or hybrid estimation should be preferred. The choice depends on the objective of the survey and the possibilities to acquire appropriate field and remotely sensed data. We also conclude that modelling approaches can only be successfully applied for estimating target variables such as growing stock volume or biomass, which are adequately related to commonly available remotely sensed data, and thus purely field based surveys remain important for several important forest parameters.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0101001)the Beijing Municipal Government Science Foundation,China(IDHT20170513)the Starting Grant from Hebei Agricultural University,China(YJ201958)。
文摘The characterization of agronomically important genes has great potential for the improvement of wheat.However,progress in wheat genetics and functional genomics has been impeded by the high complexity and enormous size of the wheat genome.Recent advances in genome sequencing and sequence assembly have produced a high-quality genome sequence for wheat.Here,we suggest that the strategies used to characterize biological mechanisms in model species,including mutant preparation and characterization,gene cloning methods,and improved transgenic technology,can be applied to wheat biology.These strategies will accelerate progress in wheat biology and promote wheat breeding program development.We also outline recent advances in wheat functional genomics.Finally,we discuss the future of wheat functional genomics and the rational design-based molecular breeding of new wheat varieties to contribute to world food security.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 2021ZY04)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 32001252)the International Center for Bamboo and Rattan (Grant No. 1632020029)
文摘There are two distinct types of domains,design-and cross-classes domains,with the former extensively studied under the topic of small-area estimation.In natural resource inventory,however,most classes listed in the condition tables of national inventory programs are characterized as cross-classes domains,such as vegetation type,productivity class,and age class.To date,challenges remain active for inventorying cross-classes domains because these domains are usually of unknown sampling frame and spatial distribution with the result that inference relies on population-level as opposed to domain-level sampling.Multiple challenges are noteworthy:(1)efficient sampling strategies are difficult to develop because of little priori information about the target domain;(2)domain inference relies on a sample designed for the population,so within-domain sample sizes could be too small to support a precise estimation;and(3)increasing sample size for the population does not ensure an increase to the domain,so actual sample size for a target domain remains highly uncertain,particularly for small domains.In this paper,we introduce a design-based generalized systematic adaptive cluster sampling(GSACS)for inventorying cross-classes domains.Design-unbiased Hansen-Hurwitz and Horvitz-Thompson estimators are derived for domain totals and compared within GSACS and with systematic sampling(SYS).Comprehensive Monte Carlo simulations show that(1)GSACS Hansen-Hurwitz and Horvitz-Thompson estimators are unbiased and equally efficient,whereas thelatter outperforms the former for supporting a sample of size one;(2)SYS is a special case of GSACS while the latter outperforms the former in terms of increased efficiency and reduced intensity;(3)GSACS Horvitz-Thompson variance estimator is design-unbiased for a single SYS sample;and(4)rules-ofthumb summarized with respect to sampling design and spatial effect improve precision.Because inventorying a mini domain is analogous to inventorying a rare variable,alternative network sampling procedures are also readily available for inventorying cross-classes domains.
基金supported by the Joint Research Fund in Smart Grid under cooperative agreement between the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)and the State Grid Cooperation of China(SGCC,U1966601)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(2023CDJYXTD-004).
文摘Renewable energy sources(RES)have strong uncertainties,which significantly increase the risks of power imbalance and load shedding in composite power systems.It is thus necessary to evaluate the operational reliability for guiding economic dispatch and reducing the risks.Current methods cannot meet the requirement for the operational timeliness of reliability evaluations due to the high computa-tional complexity of the optimal power flow(OPF)calculations of massive contingencies.This paper pro-poses a fully analytical approach to construct fast-to-run analytical functions of reliability indices and avoid reassessments when the load and RES change.The approach consists of uniform design(UD)-based contingency screening and a modified stochastic response surface method(mSRSM).The contin-gency screening method is used to select critical contingencies while considering the uncertainties.The mSRSM is used to construct the analytical functions of the load shedding to the load and RES gener-ation for the selected contingencies.An analytical function of a smooth virtual variable that maps to the load shedding is established in such a way that,when the load and RES vary,the reliability can be assessed within a very short time rather than using laborious OPF calculations.Case studies illustrate the excellent performance of the proposed method for real-time reliability evaluation.
文摘The new ecolinguistics treats language as a part of human action.Languaging,the basis for language development,co-constitutes technologically endowed environments.The result,we argue,can enhance both second language learning and aspects of human agency.Using historical and current research,we stress skillful action and,given a special stance,how expertise is generated by drawing on languages while engaging in a range of practices.A combination of languaging,statistical learning and skillful action therefore enables technology to sustain a vast range of coordinated activities.Accordingly,we advocate for the design of technology-rich environments where people change themselves by drawing on second languages to gain skills and expertise as they use new modes of action,coordination and collaboration.
文摘The production-oriented approach （POA） has been developed over a decade. It is driven by the need to improve English classroom instruction for university students in China （Wen, 2016）. It is also motivated by the aspiration to enhance the quality of foreign language education in other similar pedagogical contexts outside China. A volume of research has been done by Wen Qiufang and her research team, to formulate the theory of POA and to test its effectiveness in classroom pedagogy （e.g. Wen, 2016, 2015; Yang, 2015; Zhang, 2015）. At the moment, the POA is still at an early stage of theory building and almost all empirical research is done in the Chinese context. In order to improve the quality of this theory and to make it intelligible to the international academic community, a one-day symposium was held in Beijing Foreign Studies University on May 15, 2017. The symposium was entitled ＇The first international forum on innovative foreign language education in China： Appraisal of the POA＇. In the forum, leading experts in applied linguistics were invited to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the POA and the directions for its future development. The symposium was the first attempt for the POA research team to discuss its latest work with international scholars. This Viewpoint section collects the responses of four experts who participated in the symposium, listed in alphabetical order. The collection of articles covers three topics related to the POA： its pedagogical application, its use for teacher training, and its research. Alister Cumming is Professor Emeritus and the former Head of the Centre for Educational Research on Languages and Literacies, University of Toronto, Canada. His article focuses primarily on POA research as an exemplary case of design-based research. Rod Ellis is Research Professor in the School of Education at Curtin University, Australia. He discusses POA in terms of pedagogy, teacher training and research, with both critiques and constructive suggestions. Paul Kei Matsuda is Professor of English and Director of Second Language Writing at Arizona State University, the writed states. He responds to POA from the perspective of an expert researcher and teacher of L2 writing. Charlene Polio is Professor and Associate Chair in the Department of Linguistics ＆ Germanic, Slavic, Asian ＆ African Languages atMichigan State University, the writed states. She conceptualises POA as a useful method to address some issues in pre-service teacher development. Overall, the articles in this section are insightful and reader-friendly. They are not only useful for the development of POA in particular, but may also be valuable to a broad range of researchers as they touch upon pertaining issues, as well as emerging topics, in the field of applied linguistics. We therefore find it necessary to make them accessible to a wide readership.
