Operation optimization is an effective method to explore potential economic benefits for existing plants. The m.aximum potential benefit from operationoptimization is determined by the distances between current operat...Operation optimization is an effective method to explore potential economic benefits for existing plants. The m.aximum potential benefit from operationoptimization is determined by the distances between current operating point and process constraints, which is related to the margins of design variables. Because of various ciisturbances in chemical processes, some distances must be reserved for fluctuations of process variables and the optimum operating point is not on some process constraints. Thus the benefit of steady-state optimization can not be fully achied（ed while that of dynamic optimization can be really achieved. In this study, the steady-state optimizationand dynamic optimization are used, and the potential benefit-is divided into achievable benefit for profit and unachievable benefit for control. The fluid catalytic cracking unit （FCCU） is used for case study. With the analysis on how the margins of design variables influence the economic benefit and control performance, the bottlenecks of process design are found and appropriate control structure can be selected.展开更多
The flow pattern design of supercaviting torpedo,like the shape design of conventional bedewed torpedo,occupies an important position in torpedo system design.In this paper,the flow pattern design issues were studied ...The flow pattern design of supercaviting torpedo,like the shape design of conventional bedewed torpedo,occupies an important position in torpedo system design.In this paper,the flow pattern design issues were studied systematically.A set of design criteria and main design requirements were proposed,and the design method and procedure were established.Moreover,the determination method of necessary parameters of cavitator and ventilated system for desired cavity flow pattern was given.Considered the speed and pressure disturbances in the torpedo navigation,a concept named margin design was proposed to solve the supercavitation deformation and instability caused by the disturbances.展开更多
This paper describes the development of a T-year design tide hydrograph （DTH）. A core innovation is that the proposed technique uses the design risk threshold and copula-based conditional risk probability to analyze...This paper describes the development of a T-year design tide hydrograph （DTH）. A core innovation is that the proposed technique uses the design risk threshold and copula-based conditional risk probability to analyze the optimal combination of high waters and low waters of the DTH. A brief description of the method is presented. The in situ semi-diurnal tide data at the coast of Jiangsu Province in China are analyzed. Marginal distributions for high waters and low waters of tides are examined. Furthermore, the joint distributions, condition risk probabilities and risk thresholds of high waters and low waters are presented. Results of the DTH from the proposed method are compared with those from the traditional same-multiple enlarging design approach. It is demonstrated that the proposed method is preferable.展开更多
Optimal resource allocation with an objective of maximizing the system capacity is an NP-hard problem in multihop cellular networks. Hence, different heuristic algorithms have been developed over the years that would ...Optimal resource allocation with an objective of maximizing the system capacity is an NP-hard problem in multihop cellular networks. Hence, different heuristic algorithms have been developed over the years that would improve the network system capacity. In this paper, a novel cluster-based architecture is proposed for a two-hop cellular network whereby the transmission distance between any communicating pair is restricted to half the cell radius. In this design, a given radio resource is used by two simultaneously communicating pairs in every hexagonal cell, but for only half the time slot period. The characteristic feature of this cluster-based design is that it enables a frequency reuse ratio of one. The proposed hierarchical system is analyzed and tested under realistic propagation conditions including lognormal shadowing. It has been observed that the system capacity of a cluster-based design is 2.5 times that obtained from the single-hop cellular system with no relaying. In addition, the cluster-based design achieves higher capacity compared to state-of-the-art two-hop algorithms. This is an important finding since the hierarchical cluster-based approach has fewer degrees of freedom in the selection of the routing path for the end-to-end connection. Practical routing algorithms should be able to benefit from this.展开更多
边缘骨吸收(marginal bone loss,MBL)是衡量种植修复成功率与种植体颈部设计优劣的重要指标,牙种植体颈部处于种植体、基台、边缘骨、软组织四者交界的特殊区域,其外形、结构、材料、表面处理等对种植体的长期稳定性和维持边缘骨水平起...边缘骨吸收(marginal bone loss,MBL)是衡量种植修复成功率与种植体颈部设计优劣的重要指标,牙种植体颈部处于种植体、基台、边缘骨、软组织四者交界的特殊区域,其外形、结构、材料、表面处理等对种植体的长期稳定性和维持边缘骨水平起着至关重要的作用。颈部设计的目的是减少种植体周围骨组织所受应力、利于形成稳定的软组织封闭,从而减少边缘骨吸收,提升种植修复的长期功能性、稳定性及美观性。本文分别对软组织水平(tissue level,TL)种植体与骨水平(bone level,BL)种植体颈部设计的特点及其对边缘骨吸收的影响进行综述,为临床上选择不同颈部设计的种植体类型提供参考。展开更多
为解决颤振控制TMD(tuned mass damper)设计时更准确地获取拟控制桥梁动力特性的问题,基于Sherman Morrison公式、拟控制桥梁的频响函数以及TMD参数,推导桥梁-TMD耦合系统的模态频率和阻尼。基于航空领域的颤振裕度法,推导两自由度弯扭...为解决颤振控制TMD(tuned mass damper)设计时更准确地获取拟控制桥梁动力特性的问题,基于Sherman Morrison公式、拟控制桥梁的频响函数以及TMD参数,推导桥梁-TMD耦合系统的模态频率和阻尼。基于航空领域的颤振裕度法,推导两自由度弯扭耦合气弹系统附加扭转TMD之后的颤振裕度随风速变化的表达式。提出了一种基于颤振裕度的TMD优化设计方法,以最大化颤振临界风速(颤振裕度等于0)为目标,得到TMD的优化参数。基于一个两自由度桥梁截面数值例子,对比分析了颤振裕度法和传统复特征值法所预测的耦合系统颤振临界风速和最优TMD参数,探讨了基于颤振裕度法的TMD优化设计方法的准确性,对比分析了控制前后4个风速下的时域响应,探讨了最优TMD的控制效果。研究结果表明:颤振裕度法和复特征值法两者计算得到的TMD最优参数一致,基于颤振裕度法预测的桥梁-最优TMD系统的颤振临界风速与基于复特征值法预测的结果仅存在2.2%的误差,且用最优TMD控制后桥梁颤振临界风速提高了50%。研究结果为桥梁颤振控制TMD的优化设计提供了一种新的方法。该方法所使用的频响函数包含了结构和气动力信息,依据应用场景不同,其可以是数值计算的频率响应函数,也可以是实测的频响函数。在实际应用中可通过大型激振器进行实验模态分析测试得到,其更加准确地表征了拟控制桥梁的动力特性,为TMD的精准设计奠定了基础。该方法的实际工程应用值得进一步发展和研究。展开更多
在气体绝缘变电站(GIS)中,盆式绝缘子表面电荷的存在会使局部电场发生畸变,严重时还会降低沿面闪络电压。为此,研制了一种用于实际252 k V GIS盆式绝缘子表面电荷的3维测量装置,可以对盆式绝缘子表面电荷进行全径向、全角度测量。参考...在气体绝缘变电站(GIS)中,盆式绝缘子表面电荷的存在会使局部电场发生畸变,严重时还会降低沿面闪络电压。为此,研制了一种用于实际252 k V GIS盆式绝缘子表面电荷的3维测量装置,可以对盆式绝缘子表面电荷进行全径向、全角度测量。参考实际盆式绝缘子的绝缘设计裕度及其沿面闪络特性,设计了闪络试验模型,分别针对直流、交流电压作用下绝缘子表面电荷对沿面闪络电压的影响开展了研究。结果表明:在交流电压和直流电压作用下,随着表面电荷积累量的增加,绝缘子沿面闪络电压有所减小;相比于交流电压50 k V作用1 h工况下,在53 k V交流电压作用3 h工况下,盆式绝缘子的沿面闪络电压降低了10.2%,而直流电压下,绝缘子的沿面闪络电压最大可降低23.0%,这说明了绝缘子表面电荷的存在对其沿面闪络电压具有明显的影响,在绝缘设计时需予以重视。研究结果可为GIS及气体绝缘输电线路(GIL)绝缘子的绝缘设计提供参考。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21006127)the National Basic Research Program of China(2012CB720500)the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum(KYJJ2012-05-28)
文摘Operation optimization is an effective method to explore potential economic benefits for existing plants. The m.aximum potential benefit from operationoptimization is determined by the distances between current operating point and process constraints, which is related to the margins of design variables. Because of various ciisturbances in chemical processes, some distances must be reserved for fluctuations of process variables and the optimum operating point is not on some process constraints. Thus the benefit of steady-state optimization can not be fully achied（ed while that of dynamic optimization can be really achieved. In this study, the steady-state optimizationand dynamic optimization are used, and the potential benefit-is divided into achievable benefit for profit and unachievable benefit for control. The fluid catalytic cracking unit （FCCU） is used for case study. With the analysis on how the margins of design variables influence the economic benefit and control performance, the bottlenecks of process design are found and appropriate control structure can be selected.
文摘The flow pattern design of supercaviting torpedo,like the shape design of conventional bedewed torpedo,occupies an important position in torpedo system design.In this paper,the flow pattern design issues were studied systematically.A set of design criteria and main design requirements were proposed,and the design method and procedure were established.Moreover,the determination method of necessary parameters of cavitator and ventilated system for desired cavity flow pattern was given.Considered the speed and pressure disturbances in the torpedo navigation,a concept named margin design was proposed to solve the supercavitation deformation and instability caused by the disturbances.
基金financially supported by the Ministry of Water Resources Special Funds for Scientific Research Projects of Public Welfare Industry(Grant No.201001070)Jiangsu Province Science and Technology(Grant Nos.BM2014397 and BM2016031)
文摘This paper describes the development of a T-year design tide hydrograph （DTH）. A core innovation is that the proposed technique uses the design risk threshold and copula-based conditional risk probability to analyze the optimal combination of high waters and low waters of the DTH. A brief description of the method is presented. The in situ semi-diurnal tide data at the coast of Jiangsu Province in China are analyzed. Marginal distributions for high waters and low waters of tides are examined. Furthermore, the joint distributions, condition risk probabilities and risk thresholds of high waters and low waters are presented. Results of the DTH from the proposed method are compared with those from the traditional same-multiple enlarging design approach. It is demonstrated that the proposed method is preferable.
文摘Optimal resource allocation with an objective of maximizing the system capacity is an NP-hard problem in multihop cellular networks. Hence, different heuristic algorithms have been developed over the years that would improve the network system capacity. In this paper, a novel cluster-based architecture is proposed for a two-hop cellular network whereby the transmission distance between any communicating pair is restricted to half the cell radius. In this design, a given radio resource is used by two simultaneously communicating pairs in every hexagonal cell, but for only half the time slot period. The characteristic feature of this cluster-based design is that it enables a frequency reuse ratio of one. The proposed hierarchical system is analyzed and tested under realistic propagation conditions including lognormal shadowing. It has been observed that the system capacity of a cluster-based design is 2.5 times that obtained from the single-hop cellular system with no relaying. In addition, the cluster-based design achieves higher capacity compared to state-of-the-art two-hop algorithms. This is an important finding since the hierarchical cluster-based approach has fewer degrees of freedom in the selection of the routing path for the end-to-end connection. Practical routing algorithms should be able to benefit from this.
文摘边缘骨吸收(marginal bone loss,MBL)是衡量种植修复成功率与种植体颈部设计优劣的重要指标,牙种植体颈部处于种植体、基台、边缘骨、软组织四者交界的特殊区域,其外形、结构、材料、表面处理等对种植体的长期稳定性和维持边缘骨水平起着至关重要的作用。颈部设计的目的是减少种植体周围骨组织所受应力、利于形成稳定的软组织封闭,从而减少边缘骨吸收,提升种植修复的长期功能性、稳定性及美观性。本文分别对软组织水平(tissue level,TL)种植体与骨水平(bone level,BL)种植体颈部设计的特点及其对边缘骨吸收的影响进行综述,为临床上选择不同颈部设计的种植体类型提供参考。
文摘为解决颤振控制TMD(tuned mass damper)设计时更准确地获取拟控制桥梁动力特性的问题,基于Sherman Morrison公式、拟控制桥梁的频响函数以及TMD参数,推导桥梁-TMD耦合系统的模态频率和阻尼。基于航空领域的颤振裕度法,推导两自由度弯扭耦合气弹系统附加扭转TMD之后的颤振裕度随风速变化的表达式。提出了一种基于颤振裕度的TMD优化设计方法,以最大化颤振临界风速(颤振裕度等于0)为目标,得到TMD的优化参数。基于一个两自由度桥梁截面数值例子,对比分析了颤振裕度法和传统复特征值法所预测的耦合系统颤振临界风速和最优TMD参数,探讨了基于颤振裕度法的TMD优化设计方法的准确性,对比分析了控制前后4个风速下的时域响应,探讨了最优TMD的控制效果。研究结果表明:颤振裕度法和复特征值法两者计算得到的TMD最优参数一致,基于颤振裕度法预测的桥梁-最优TMD系统的颤振临界风速与基于复特征值法预测的结果仅存在2.2%的误差,且用最优TMD控制后桥梁颤振临界风速提高了50%。研究结果为桥梁颤振控制TMD的优化设计提供了一种新的方法。该方法所使用的频响函数包含了结构和气动力信息,依据应用场景不同,其可以是数值计算的频率响应函数,也可以是实测的频响函数。在实际应用中可通过大型激振器进行实验模态分析测试得到,其更加准确地表征了拟控制桥梁的动力特性,为TMD的精准设计奠定了基础。该方法的实际工程应用值得进一步发展和研究。
文摘在气体绝缘变电站(GIS)中,盆式绝缘子表面电荷的存在会使局部电场发生畸变,严重时还会降低沿面闪络电压。为此,研制了一种用于实际252 k V GIS盆式绝缘子表面电荷的3维测量装置,可以对盆式绝缘子表面电荷进行全径向、全角度测量。参考实际盆式绝缘子的绝缘设计裕度及其沿面闪络特性,设计了闪络试验模型,分别针对直流、交流电压作用下绝缘子表面电荷对沿面闪络电压的影响开展了研究。结果表明:在交流电压和直流电压作用下,随着表面电荷积累量的增加,绝缘子沿面闪络电压有所减小;相比于交流电压50 k V作用1 h工况下,在53 k V交流电压作用3 h工况下,盆式绝缘子的沿面闪络电压降低了10.2%,而直流电压下,绝缘子的沿面闪络电压最大可降低23.0%,这说明了绝缘子表面电荷的存在对其沿面闪络电压具有明显的影响,在绝缘设计时需予以重视。研究结果可为GIS及气体绝缘输电线路(GIL)绝缘子的绝缘设计提供参考。
