目的 采用大气压基质辅助激光解吸电离-离子阱-飞行时间质谱(atmospheric pressure matrix assisted laser desorption combined with ion trap-time of flight mass spectrometry, AP-MALDI-IT-TOF/MS)和解吸电喷雾电离-四级杆-飞行时...目的 采用大气压基质辅助激光解吸电离-离子阱-飞行时间质谱(atmospheric pressure matrix assisted laser desorption combined with ion trap-time of flight mass spectrometry, AP-MALDI-IT-TOF/MS)和解吸电喷雾电离-四级杆-飞行时间质谱(desorption electrospray ionization combined with quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry, DESI-Q-TOF/MS)两种技术,实现板蓝根的全质谱成像分析,揭示多种成分的组织原位可视化分布,寻找品质特征相关指标群。方法 不同商品规格的板蓝根,分别喷涂2,5-二羟基苯乙酮(2,5-DHAP)和1,5-二氨基萘(1,5-DAN)基质,在正、负离子模式下进行AP-MALDI-IT-TOF/MS质谱成像、成分鉴定和偏最小二乘回归(partial least squares regression, PLSR)分析。不同品质特征的板蓝根,在正、负离子模式下进行DESI-Q-TOF/MS质谱成像、成分鉴定和正交偏最小二乘判别分析(orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis, OPLS-DA)分析。结果 板蓝根经质谱成像分析,初步鉴别得到多个类别约100余个化合物,AP-MALDI-IT-TOF/MS和DESI-Q-TOF/MS均可揭示板蓝根化合物的空间分布,并可区分不同规格、品质样品,3-醛基吲哚、前告依春/表前告依春、isatithioetherin C/isatithioetherin E、松柏苷、紫丁香酚苷、直铁线莲宁B、腺苷、腺嘌呤、尿苷、精氨酸、2-羟基丁二酸、顺丁烯二酸/富马酸、枸橼酸、大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、异牡荆素在高商品规格/品质样品中特定空间分布信号更强,对分类影响显著,组成品质特征相关指标群。结论 质谱成像可将中药材的品质与化学信息建立连接,为其质量评价和进一步开发利用提供实验基础和新的手段。展开更多
The reusable launch vehicle (RLV) presents a new avenue for reducing cost of space transportation. The landing mechanism, which provides landing support and impact absorption, is a vital component of the RLV at final ...The reusable launch vehicle (RLV) presents a new avenue for reducing cost of space transportation. The landing mechanism, which provides landing support and impact absorption, is a vital component of the RLV at final stage of recovery. This study proposes a novel legged deployable landing mechanism (LDLM) for RLV. The Watt-II six-bar mechanism is adopted to obtain the preferred configuration via the application of the linkage variation approach. To endow the proposed LDLM with advantages of large landing support region, lightweight, and reasonable linkage internal forces, a multi-objective optimization paradigm is developed. Furthermore, the optimal scale parameters for guiding the LDLM prototype design is obtained numerically using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) evolutionary algorithm. A fully-functional scaled RLV prototype is developed by integrating the gravity-governed deploying scheme to facilitate unfolding action to avoid full-range actuation, a dual-backup locking mechanism to enhance reliability of structure stiffening as fully deployed, and a shock absorber (SA) with multistage honeycomb to offer reliable shock absorbing performance. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed LDLM is capable of providing rapid and smooth deployment (duration less than 1.5 s) with mild posture disturbance to the cabin (yaw and pitch fluctuations less than 6°). In addition, it provides satisfactory impact attenuation (acceleration peak less than 10g (g is the gravitational acceleration)) in the 0.2 m freefall test, which makes the proposed LDLM a potential alternative for developing future RLV archetype.展开更多
The acceptability properties, total phenolic content, and antioxidant potential of four (red, green, brown, cream) desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars from the World Germplasm Bank were evaluated. Protein con...The acceptability properties, total phenolic content, and antioxidant potential of four (red, green, brown, cream) desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars from the World Germplasm Bank were evaluated. Protein content of the grains varied from 20.12% to 28.85% (dw), highest for Cream ICC3421. The water absorption capacity (WAC) and cooking time (CT) of the whole grains ranged from 97.7 to 117.5 g water/100 g seeds (ww) and from 109.5 to 193.5 min, respectively;the highest WAC and lowest CT corresponded to Cream ICC3421 cultivar. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total hydrophilic antioxidant activity (AoxA) [oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) value] of desi chickpea cultivars varied from 746 to 1.286 μg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g sample (dw) and from 43.9 to 53.9 μmol Trolox equivalents (TE)/g sample (dw);Brown ICC3512 showed the highest ORAC value. Chickpea cultivars could contribute significantly to the management and/or prevention of degenerative diseases associated with free radical damage.展开更多
Background Studies on genetic variation and combining ability are essential tools to employ the suitable breeding programme,particularly for hybrid production,to exploit the heterosis in cross-pollinated crops like co...Background Studies on genetic variation and combining ability are essential tools to employ the suitable breeding programme,particularly for hybrid production,to exploit the heterosis in cross-pollinated crops like cotton.Thus,combining ability studies in desi cotton(Gossypium arboreum L.)was carried out using 13 diverse parents through diallel mating design,evaluating 78 F,hybrids along with their parents,without reciprocals using Griffing's and Hayman's approaches.Results Genotypes H 509,AC 3265,AKH 496,and PBN 565 exhibited superior per se performance,indicating their potential use as parents in future breeding programs to develop superior hybrids.The general combining ability(GCA)effect of the genotypes revealed that AC 3097 and AKA 13-SP1 were good general combiners for most traits in this study.Genotypes PBS 1127-SP1,AKH 496,H 509,N11-54-31-32,and AKA 13-SP1 exhibited strong combining ability,contributing to a significant specific combining ability(SCA)effect in seven selected crosses(AC 3265×PBS1127-SP1,AKH 496×H 509,AKH 496×AC 3097,PBS 1127-SP1×N11-54-31-32,AC 3216×AKA 13-SP1,H 503×N11-54-31-32,and H 509×AKA 13-SP1)for yield improvement.These crosses showed positive heterosis in a positive direction.Conclusion From the present study,five genotypes(AC 3097,AKA 13-SP1,N11-54-31-32,AC 3265,and H 509)were identified as good general combiners for producing hybrids,and seven combinations showed a promising hybrid for future breeding programs.展开更多
文摘目的 采用大气压基质辅助激光解吸电离-离子阱-飞行时间质谱(atmospheric pressure matrix assisted laser desorption combined with ion trap-time of flight mass spectrometry, AP-MALDI-IT-TOF/MS)和解吸电喷雾电离-四级杆-飞行时间质谱(desorption electrospray ionization combined with quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry, DESI-Q-TOF/MS)两种技术,实现板蓝根的全质谱成像分析,揭示多种成分的组织原位可视化分布,寻找品质特征相关指标群。方法 不同商品规格的板蓝根,分别喷涂2,5-二羟基苯乙酮(2,5-DHAP)和1,5-二氨基萘(1,5-DAN)基质,在正、负离子模式下进行AP-MALDI-IT-TOF/MS质谱成像、成分鉴定和偏最小二乘回归(partial least squares regression, PLSR)分析。不同品质特征的板蓝根,在正、负离子模式下进行DESI-Q-TOF/MS质谱成像、成分鉴定和正交偏最小二乘判别分析(orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis, OPLS-DA)分析。结果 板蓝根经质谱成像分析,初步鉴别得到多个类别约100余个化合物,AP-MALDI-IT-TOF/MS和DESI-Q-TOF/MS均可揭示板蓝根化合物的空间分布,并可区分不同规格、品质样品,3-醛基吲哚、前告依春/表前告依春、isatithioetherin C/isatithioetherin E、松柏苷、紫丁香酚苷、直铁线莲宁B、腺苷、腺嘌呤、尿苷、精氨酸、2-羟基丁二酸、顺丁烯二酸/富马酸、枸橼酸、大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、异牡荆素在高商品规格/品质样品中特定空间分布信号更强,对分类影响显著,组成品质特征相关指标群。结论 质谱成像可将中药材的品质与化学信息建立连接,为其质量评价和进一步开发利用提供实验基础和新的手段。
文摘The reusable launch vehicle (RLV) presents a new avenue for reducing cost of space transportation. The landing mechanism, which provides landing support and impact absorption, is a vital component of the RLV at final stage of recovery. This study proposes a novel legged deployable landing mechanism (LDLM) for RLV. The Watt-II six-bar mechanism is adopted to obtain the preferred configuration via the application of the linkage variation approach. To endow the proposed LDLM with advantages of large landing support region, lightweight, and reasonable linkage internal forces, a multi-objective optimization paradigm is developed. Furthermore, the optimal scale parameters for guiding the LDLM prototype design is obtained numerically using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) evolutionary algorithm. A fully-functional scaled RLV prototype is developed by integrating the gravity-governed deploying scheme to facilitate unfolding action to avoid full-range actuation, a dual-backup locking mechanism to enhance reliability of structure stiffening as fully deployed, and a shock absorber (SA) with multistage honeycomb to offer reliable shock absorbing performance. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed LDLM is capable of providing rapid and smooth deployment (duration less than 1.5 s) with mild posture disturbance to the cabin (yaw and pitch fluctuations less than 6°). In addition, it provides satisfactory impact attenuation (acceleration peak less than 10g (g is the gravitational acceleration)) in the 0.2 m freefall test, which makes the proposed LDLM a potential alternative for developing future RLV archetype.
文摘The acceptability properties, total phenolic content, and antioxidant potential of four (red, green, brown, cream) desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars from the World Germplasm Bank were evaluated. Protein content of the grains varied from 20.12% to 28.85% (dw), highest for Cream ICC3421. The water absorption capacity (WAC) and cooking time (CT) of the whole grains ranged from 97.7 to 117.5 g water/100 g seeds (ww) and from 109.5 to 193.5 min, respectively;the highest WAC and lowest CT corresponded to Cream ICC3421 cultivar. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total hydrophilic antioxidant activity (AoxA) [oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) value] of desi chickpea cultivars varied from 746 to 1.286 μg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g sample (dw) and from 43.9 to 53.9 μmol Trolox equivalents (TE)/g sample (dw);Brown ICC3512 showed the highest ORAC value. Chickpea cultivars could contribute significantly to the management and/or prevention of degenerative diseases associated with free radical damage.
基金supported by ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research,Regional Station,Coimbatore,India。
文摘Background Studies on genetic variation and combining ability are essential tools to employ the suitable breeding programme,particularly for hybrid production,to exploit the heterosis in cross-pollinated crops like cotton.Thus,combining ability studies in desi cotton(Gossypium arboreum L.)was carried out using 13 diverse parents through diallel mating design,evaluating 78 F,hybrids along with their parents,without reciprocals using Griffing's and Hayman's approaches.Results Genotypes H 509,AC 3265,AKH 496,and PBN 565 exhibited superior per se performance,indicating their potential use as parents in future breeding programs to develop superior hybrids.The general combining ability(GCA)effect of the genotypes revealed that AC 3097 and AKA 13-SP1 were good general combiners for most traits in this study.Genotypes PBS 1127-SP1,AKH 496,H 509,N11-54-31-32,and AKA 13-SP1 exhibited strong combining ability,contributing to a significant specific combining ability(SCA)effect in seven selected crosses(AC 3265×PBS1127-SP1,AKH 496×H 509,AKH 496×AC 3097,PBS 1127-SP1×N11-54-31-32,AC 3216×AKA 13-SP1,H 503×N11-54-31-32,and H 509×AKA 13-SP1)for yield improvement.These crosses showed positive heterosis in a positive direction.Conclusion From the present study,five genotypes(AC 3097,AKA 13-SP1,N11-54-31-32,AC 3265,and H 509)were identified as good general combiners for producing hybrids,and seven combinations showed a promising hybrid for future breeding programs.
