Morphine is a schedule II-controlled substance that used to allow the diminution of intra-operative, post-operative orchronic pain. However, its usage is limited due to addiction and overdose liabilities. Morphine was...Morphine is a schedule II-controlled substance that used to allow the diminution of intra-operative, post-operative orchronic pain. However, its usage is limited due to addiction and overdose liabilities. Morphine was observed to cause tolerance,dependence and withdrawal in human. Justification: to date lack of scientific evidence of morphine addiction was carried out byusing specific single human neuroblastoma cell-line (SK-N-SH). Therefore, this study was performed to establish the morphineaddiction model in this cell line. The cells were exposed to morphine for 24 hrs before treatment with methadone, as ananti-withdrawal drug for subsequence 24 hours. The cytosolic fraction of the cell was used in different objectives including receptoraffinity, withdrawal properties, endocytic machinery, desensitisation or internalisation and cellular adaptation. The result shows thatmorphine and methadone bind to the μ-opioid receptor. The morphine-treated cells were observed to increase the expression ofaddiction markers, have a low rate of the endocytic machinery, cause desensitisation of receptor and reduce cellular adaptation.Those changes by morphine were normalised by the treatment of methadone. As a whole, it is postulated that neuroblastoma cell line,SK-N-SH, can be used as an in-vitro model to demonstrate morphine addiction before animal and human testing.展开更多
Food allergy in children is a major health concern,and its prevalence is rising.It is often over-diagnosed by parents,resulting occasionally in unnecessary exclusion of some important food.It also causes stress,anxiet...Food allergy in children is a major health concern,and its prevalence is rising.It is often over-diagnosed by parents,resulting occasionally in unnecessary exclusion of some important food.It also causes stress,anxiety,and even depression in parents and affects the family’s quality of life.Current diagnostic tests are useful when interpreted in the context of the clinical history,although cross-sensitivity and inability to predict the severity of the allergic reactions remain major limitations.Although the oral food challenge is the current gold standard for making the diagnosis,it is only available to a small number of patients because of its requirement in time and medical personnel.New diagnostic methods have recently emerged,such as the Component Resolved Diagnostics and the Basophil Activation Test,but their use is still limited,and the latter lacks standardisation.Currently,there is no definite treatment available to induce life-long natural tolerance and cure for food allergy.Presently available treatments only aim to decrease the occurrence of anaphylaxis by enabling the child to tolerate small amounts of the offending food,usually taken by accident.New evidence supports the early introduction of the allergenic food to infants to decrease the incidence of food allergy.If standardised and widely implemented,this may result in decreasing the prevalence of food allergy.展开更多
Laser-sensitive primary explosives(LSPEs)are crucial material bases of advanced laser initiation technology.Copper azide(CA),a primary explosive with excellent detonation properties,is limited in preparation and appli...Laser-sensitive primary explosives(LSPEs)are crucial material bases of advanced laser initiation technology.Copper azide(CA),a primary explosive with excellent detonation properties,is limited in preparation and application owing to its extremely high sensitivity.Thus,incorporating CA into LSPEs relies on precise desensitisation strategies.This study successfully implemented a strategy involving sensitive-unit molecular-scale encapsulation.A 2D energetic metal–organic framework(EMOF)[Cu(ATRZ)(N_(3))_(2)]_(n)(CA-ATRZ)(ATRZ=4,4′-azo-1,2,4-triazole)was designed and synthesized via a safe and facile single-crystal-to-single-crystal(SCSC)transformation from a 3D EMOF[Cu(ATRZ)_(3)(NO_(3))_(2)]_(n).Leveraging its distinctive structural attributes of encapsulated confinement,CA-ATRZ is substantially improved in terms of safety compared to CA,while maintaining its superior detonation performance.Furthermore,CA-ATRZ obtained by combining MOFs with CA has outstanding ultrafast direct laser initiation characteristics,is free of toxic metals and perchlorate,has high initiating ability,and has decent thermal stability.This strategy could pave the way for developing advanced high-energy LSPEs.展开更多
文摘Morphine is a schedule II-controlled substance that used to allow the diminution of intra-operative, post-operative orchronic pain. However, its usage is limited due to addiction and overdose liabilities. Morphine was observed to cause tolerance,dependence and withdrawal in human. Justification: to date lack of scientific evidence of morphine addiction was carried out byusing specific single human neuroblastoma cell-line (SK-N-SH). Therefore, this study was performed to establish the morphineaddiction model in this cell line. The cells were exposed to morphine for 24 hrs before treatment with methadone, as ananti-withdrawal drug for subsequence 24 hours. The cytosolic fraction of the cell was used in different objectives including receptoraffinity, withdrawal properties, endocytic machinery, desensitisation or internalisation and cellular adaptation. The result shows thatmorphine and methadone bind to the μ-opioid receptor. The morphine-treated cells were observed to increase the expression ofaddiction markers, have a low rate of the endocytic machinery, cause desensitisation of receptor and reduce cellular adaptation.Those changes by morphine were normalised by the treatment of methadone. As a whole, it is postulated that neuroblastoma cell line,SK-N-SH, can be used as an in-vitro model to demonstrate morphine addiction before animal and human testing.
文摘Food allergy in children is a major health concern,and its prevalence is rising.It is often over-diagnosed by parents,resulting occasionally in unnecessary exclusion of some important food.It also causes stress,anxiety,and even depression in parents and affects the family’s quality of life.Current diagnostic tests are useful when interpreted in the context of the clinical history,although cross-sensitivity and inability to predict the severity of the allergic reactions remain major limitations.Although the oral food challenge is the current gold standard for making the diagnosis,it is only available to a small number of patients because of its requirement in time and medical personnel.New diagnostic methods have recently emerged,such as the Component Resolved Diagnostics and the Basophil Activation Test,but their use is still limited,and the latter lacks standardisation.Currently,there is no definite treatment available to induce life-long natural tolerance and cure for food allergy.Presently available treatments only aim to decrease the occurrence of anaphylaxis by enabling the child to tolerate small amounts of the offending food,usually taken by accident.New evidence supports the early introduction of the allergenic food to infants to decrease the incidence of food allergy.If standardised and widely implemented,this may result in decreasing the prevalence of food allergy.
基金support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China 21975232 is acknowledged(Q.Z.).
文摘Laser-sensitive primary explosives(LSPEs)are crucial material bases of advanced laser initiation technology.Copper azide(CA),a primary explosive with excellent detonation properties,is limited in preparation and application owing to its extremely high sensitivity.Thus,incorporating CA into LSPEs relies on precise desensitisation strategies.This study successfully implemented a strategy involving sensitive-unit molecular-scale encapsulation.A 2D energetic metal–organic framework(EMOF)[Cu(ATRZ)(N_(3))_(2)]_(n)(CA-ATRZ)(ATRZ=4,4′-azo-1,2,4-triazole)was designed and synthesized via a safe and facile single-crystal-to-single-crystal(SCSC)transformation from a 3D EMOF[Cu(ATRZ)_(3)(NO_(3))_(2)]_(n).Leveraging its distinctive structural attributes of encapsulated confinement,CA-ATRZ is substantially improved in terms of safety compared to CA,while maintaining its superior detonation performance.Furthermore,CA-ATRZ obtained by combining MOFs with CA has outstanding ultrafast direct laser initiation characteristics,is free of toxic metals and perchlorate,has high initiating ability,and has decent thermal stability.This strategy could pave the way for developing advanced high-energy LSPEs.
