The poor reversibility and stability of Zn anodes greatly restrict the practical application of aqueous Zn-ion batteries(AZIBs),resulting from the uncontrollable dendrite growth and H_(2)O-induced side reactions durin...The poor reversibility and stability of Zn anodes greatly restrict the practical application of aqueous Zn-ion batteries(AZIBs),resulting from the uncontrollable dendrite growth and H_(2)O-induced side reactions during cycling.Electrolyte additive modification is considered one of the most effective and simplest methods for solving the aforementioned problems.Herein,the pyridine derivatives(PD)including 2,4-dihydroxypyridine(2,4-DHP),2,3-dihydroxypyridine(2,3-DHP),and 2-hydroxypyrdine(2-DHP),were em-ployed as novel electrolyte additives in ZnSO_(4)electrolyte.Both density functional theory calculation and experimental findings demonstrated that the incorporation of PD additives into the electrolyte effectively modulates the solvation structure of hydrated Zn ions,thereby suppressing side reactions in AZIBs.Ad-ditionally,the adsorption of PD molecules on the zinc anode surface contributed to uniform Zn deposi-tion and dendrite growth inhibition.Consequently,a 2,4-DHP-modified Zn/Zn symmetrical cell achieved an extremely long cyclic stability up to 5650 h at 1 mA cm^(-2).Furthermore,the Zn/NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10)full cell with 2,4-DHP-containing electrolyte exhibited an outstanding initial capacity of 204 mAh g^(-1),with a no-table capacity retention of 79%after 1000 cycles at 5 A g^(-1).Hence,this study expands the selection of electrolyte additives for AZIBs,and the working mechanism of PD additives provides new insights for electrolyte modification enabling highly reversible zinc anode.展开更多
This study investigated environmental distribution and human exposure of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and their derivatives in one Chinese petroleum refinery facility.It was found that,following with high con...This study investigated environmental distribution and human exposure of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and their derivatives in one Chinese petroleum refinery facility.It was found that,following with high concentrations of 16 EPA PAHs(∑Parent-PAHs)in smelting subarea of studied petroleum refinery facility,total derivatives of PAHs[named as XPAHs,including nitro PAHs(NPAHs),chlorinated PAHs(Cl-PAHs),and brominated PAHs(Br-PAHs)]in gas(mean=1.57×10^(4)ng/m^(3)),total suspended particulate(TSP)(mean=4.33×10^(3) ng/m^(3))and soil(mean=4.37×10^(3) ng/g)in this subarea had 1.76-6.19 times higher levels than those from other subareas of this facility,surrounding residential areas and reference areas,indicating that petroleum refining processes would lead apparent derivation of PAHs.Especially,compared with those in residential and reference areas,gas samples in the petrochemical areas had higher∑NPAH/∑PAHs(mean=2.18),but lower∑Cl-PAH/∑PAHs(mean=1.43×10^(-1))and∑Br-PAH/∑PAHs ratios(mean=7.49×10^(-2)),indicating the richer nitrification of PAHs than chlorination during petrochemical process.The occupational exposure to PAHs and XPAHs in this petroleum refinery facility were 24-343 times higher than non-occupational exposure,and the ILCR(1.04×10^(-4))for petrochemical workers was considered to be potential high risk.Furthermore,one expanded high-resolution screening through GC Orbitrap/MS was performed for soils from petrochemical area,and another 35 PAHs were found,including alkyl-PAHs,phenyl-PAHs and other species,indicat-ing that profiles and risks of PAHs analogs in petrochemical areas deserve further expanded investigation.展开更多
Guided by molecular networking,nine novel curvularin derivatives(1-9)and 16 known analogs(10-25)were isolated from the hydrothermal vent sediment fungus Penicillium sp.HL-50.Notably,compounds 5-7 represented a hybrid ...Guided by molecular networking,nine novel curvularin derivatives(1-9)and 16 known analogs(10-25)were isolated from the hydrothermal vent sediment fungus Penicillium sp.HL-50.Notably,compounds 5-7 represented a hybrid of curvularin and purine.The structures and absolute configurations of compounds 1-9 were elucidated via nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,electronic circular dichroism(ECD)calculations,^(13)C NMR calculation,modified Mosher's method,and chemical derivatization.Investigation of anti-inflammatory activities revealed that compounds 7-9,11,12,14,15,and 18 exhibited significant suppressive effects against lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced nitric oxide(NO)production in murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells,with IC_(50)values ranging from 0.44 to 4.40μmol·L^(-1).Furthermore,these bioactive compounds were found to suppress the expression of inflammation-related proteins,including inducible NO synthase(i NOS),cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2),NLR family pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3),and nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB).Additional studies demonstrated that the novel compound 7 possessed potent antiinflammatory activity by inhibiting the transcription of inflammation-related genes,downregulating the expression of inflammation-related proteins,and inhibiting the release of inflammatory cytokines,indicating its potential application in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.展开更多
We report five coordination polymers(CPs)based on fluorescent ligands[1,6-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyrene(dip),9,10-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)anthracene(dia)]and anionic ligands[cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid(H_(2)cda),campho...We report five coordination polymers(CPs)based on fluorescent ligands[1,6-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyrene(dip),9,10-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)anthracene(dia)]and anionic ligands[cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid(H_(2)cda),camphoric acid(H_(2)cpa)].In[Cd(dip)(cda)]·4H_(2)O}_(n)(1),the Cd^(2+)ions,acting as tetrahedral nodes,are linked by dipand cda^(2-)ligands with four Cd^(2+)ions into five-fold interpenetrating network array of topology of dia.In{[Cd(dip)(cpa)]·4H_(2)O}_(n)(2),the Cd^(2+)ions,acting as a 4-connector,are linked by cpa^(2-)and dip ligands into a 3D framework ofcds topology.In{[Ni(dia)_(2)Cl_(2)]·DMF}_(n)(3),the Ni^(2+)ion is linked by four dia ligands into a layer structure,and 1Dchannels of a cross-section of 1.35 nm×0.96 nm are formed.In{[Cd(dia)_(2)(H_(2)O)_(2)](NO_(3))_(2)·2DMSO}n(4),the dia ligandsconnected Cd^(2+)ions into a 2D layer,and 1D channels are formed between adjacent layers with a cross-section of0.87 nm×0.43 nm.In[Zn(dip)Cl_(2)]_(n)(5),the Zn^(2+)ion is linked by dip ligands into an infinite 1D chain.The infrared,thermal gravimetric,and fluorescent emission data were collected and analyzed for these coordination polymers.CCDC:2356055,1;2440075,2;2356057,3;2356057,4;2356059,5.展开更多
The selective hydrogenation ofα,β-unsaturated aldehydes/ketones enables precise control over product structures and properties by regulating hydrogen transport pathways and bond cleavage sequences to selectively red...The selective hydrogenation ofα,β-unsaturated aldehydes/ketones enables precise control over product structures and properties by regulating hydrogen transport pathways and bond cleavage sequences to selectively reduce C=C or C=O bonds while preserving other functional groups within the molecule.This approach serves as a critical strategy for the directional synthesis of high-value molecules.However,achieving such selectivity remains challenging due to the thermodynamic equilibrium and kinetic competition between C=O and C=C bonds inα,β-unsaturated systems.Consequently,constructing precisely targeted catalytic systems is essential to overcome these limitations,offering both fundamental scientific significance and industrial application potential.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)and their derivatives have emerged as innovative platforms for designing such systems,owing to their programmable topology,tunable pore microenvironments,spatially controllable active sites,and modifiable electronic structures.This review systematically summarizes the research progress of MOF-based catalysts for selec-tive hydrogenation ofα,β-unsaturated aldehydes/ketones in the last decade,with emphasis on the design strategy,conformational relationship,and catalytic mechanism,aiming to provide new ideas for the design of targeted catalyt-ic systems for the selective hydrogenation ofα,β-unsaturated aldehydes/ketones.展开更多
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)has garnered increased attention as a result of its persistent symptoms,which undermine patientsʼquality of life.Fudosteine has substantial advantages in the treatment of COP...Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)has garnered increased attention as a result of its persistent symptoms,which undermine patientsʼquality of life.Fudosteine has substantial advantages in the treatment of COPD due to its high efficacy and low adverse effects.In this study,Fudosteine sulfonamide derivatives Series I and amine derivatives Series II were designed and synthesized,and their biological activities were evaluated.The results showed that compound 6f had outstanding anti-inflammatory action with an IC_(50) of 1.08 mmol/L,and a higher antioxidant capacity than the lead molecule.At the same time,molecular docking investigations have revealed that compound 6f establishes hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic contacts with the MUC5AC protein.Furthermore,derivative 1f inhibited PDE4A1 enzyme activity five times more than Fudosteine.2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)free radical scavenging tests demonstrated that all examined substances had higher antioxidant activity than Fudosteine.This study established a solid foundation for further research into COPD drug therapy.展开更多
Scalar fields should have no spin angular momentum according to conventional textbook understandings inclassical field theory.Yet,recent studies demonstrate the undoubted existence of wave spin endowed by acousticand ...Scalar fields should have no spin angular momentum according to conventional textbook understandings inclassical field theory.Yet,recent studies demonstrate the undoubted existence of wave spin endowed by acousticand elastic longitudinal waves,which are of irrotational curl-free nature without vorticity and can be describedby scalar fields.Moreover,the conventional theory cannot even answer the question of whether wave spin existsin dissipative fields,given the ubiquitous dissipation in reality.Here,to resolve the seeming paradox and answerthe challenging question,we uncover the origin of wave spin in scalar fields beyond traditional formalism byclarifying that the presence of higher-order derivatives in scalar field Lagrangians can give rise to non-vanishingwave spin.For“spinless”scalar fields of only first-order derivatives,we can make the hidden wave spin emergeby revealing a latent field that leads to the original field through a time derivative,thus giving higher-order termsin Lagrangian.Based on the standard Noether theorem approach,we exemplify the wave spin for unconventionaldrifted acoustic fields,and even for dissipative media,in scalar fields with higher-order derivative Lagrangian.The results would prompt people to build more comprehensive and fundamental understandings of structuralwave spin in classical fields.展开更多
To investigate the temperature susceptibility and nonlinear memory effects of artificially frozen soil creep behavior,this study conducted uniaxial step-loading creep tests under controlled temperatures ranging from-1...To investigate the temperature susceptibility and nonlinear memory effects of artificially frozen soil creep behavior,this study conducted uniaxial step-loading creep tests under controlled temperatures ranging from-10℃to-20℃.The transient creep characteristics and steady-state creep rates of artificially frozen soils were systematically examined with respect to variations in temperature and stress.Experimental results demonstrate that decreasing temperatures lead to a decaying trend in the steady-state creep rate of silty frozen soil,confirming that low-temperature environments significantly inhibit plastic flow while enhancing material stiffness.Based on fractional calculus theory,a fractional derivative creep model was established.By incorporating temperature dependencies,the model was further improved to account for both stress and temperature effects.The model predictions align closely with experimental data,achieving over 91%agreement(standard deviation±1.8%),and effectively capture the stress-strain behavior of artificially frozen soil under varying thermal conditions.This research provides a reliable theoretical foundation for studying deformation characteristics in cold-regions engineering.展开更多
In this article,we develop the Laplace transform(LT)based Chebyshev spectral collocation method(CSCM)to approximate the time fractional advection-diffusion equation,incorporating the Atangana-Baleanu Caputo(ABC)deriva...In this article,we develop the Laplace transform(LT)based Chebyshev spectral collocation method(CSCM)to approximate the time fractional advection-diffusion equation,incorporating the Atangana-Baleanu Caputo(ABC)derivative.The advection-diffusion equation,which governs the transport of mass,heat,or energy through combined advection and diffusion processes,is central to modeling physical systems with nonlocal behavior.Our numerical scheme employs the LT to transform the time-dependent time-fractional PDEs into a time-independent PDE in LT domain,eliminating the need for classical time-stepping methods that often suffer from stability constraints.For spatial discretization,we employ the CSCM,where the solution is approximated using Lagrange interpolation polynomial based on the Chebyshev collocation nodes,achieving exponential convergence that outperforms the algebraic convergence rates of finite difference and finite element methods.Finally,the solution is reverted to the time domain using contour integration technique.We also establish the existence and uniqueness of the solution for the proposed problem.The performance,efficiency,and accuracy of the proposed method are validated through various fractional advection-diffusion problems.The computed results demonstrate that the proposed method has less computational cost and is highly accurate.展开更多
The quantum geometric tensor(QGT)is a fundamental quantity for characterizing the geometric properties of quantum states and plays an essential role in elucidating various physical phenomena.The traditional QGT,defned...The quantum geometric tensor(QGT)is a fundamental quantity for characterizing the geometric properties of quantum states and plays an essential role in elucidating various physical phenomena.The traditional QGT,defned only for pure states,has limited applicability in realistic scenarios where mixed states are common.To address this limitation,we generalize the defnition of the QGT to mixed states using the purifcation bundle and the covariant derivative.Notably,our proposed defnition reduces to the traditional QGT when mixed states approach pure states.In our framework,the real and imaginary parts of this generalized QGT correspond to the Bures metric and the mean gauge curvature,respectively,endowing it with a broad range of potential applications.Additionally,using our proposed mixed-state QGT,we derive the geodesic equation applicable to mixed states.This work establishes a unifed framework for the geometric analysis of both pure and mixed states,thereby deepening our understanding of the geometric properties of quantum states.展开更多
In this article,we study the approximate controllability of neutral partial differential equations with Hilfer fractional derivative and not instantaneous impulses effects.By using the Sadovskii's fixed point theo...In this article,we study the approximate controllability of neutral partial differential equations with Hilfer fractional derivative and not instantaneous impulses effects.By using the Sadovskii's fixed point theorem,fractional calculus and resolvent operator functions,we prove the approximate controllability of the considered system.展开更多
The basidiomycetes Stereum hirsutum and Boreostereum vibrans are two fungi of the same genus.In this study,chemical investigation on the co-cultures of the two congeneric fungi led to the isolation of eleven new vibra...The basidiomycetes Stereum hirsutum and Boreostereum vibrans are two fungi of the same genus.In this study,chemical investigation on the co-cultures of the two congeneric fungi led to the isolation of eleven new vibralactone derivatives,hirsutavibrins A-K(1-11).The structures of 1-11 were elucidated by extensive NMR and HRESIMS spectroscopic analysis,and computational methods.Hirsutavibrins A(1)and B(2)showed weak cytotoxicity against the human lung cancer cell line A549.Hirsutavibrin D(4)showed moderate anti-nitric oxide activity in murine monocytic RAW 264.7 macrophages.This work not only expands the members of vibralactone derivatives with variable configurations but also opens a new avenue for fungal co-culturing study between congeneric fungi.展开更多
In this paper,we present some properties of scattering data for the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation in H^(S)(R)(s≥1/2)starting from the Lax pair.We show that the reciprocal of the transmission coeffici...In this paper,we present some properties of scattering data for the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation in H^(S)(R)(s≥1/2)starting from the Lax pair.We show that the reciprocal of the transmission coefficient can be expressed as the sum of some iterative integrals,and its logarithm can be written as the sum of some connected iterative integrals.We provide the asymptotic properties of the first few iterative integrals of the reciprocal of the transmission coefficient.Moreover,we provide some regularity properties of the reciprocal of the transmission coefficient related to scattering data in H^(S)(R).展开更多
The Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations has released seventeen goals for sustainable development and SDG No.3 is“Good Health and Well-being”,which mainly emphasizes the strategies to be a...The Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations has released seventeen goals for sustainable development and SDG No.3 is“Good Health and Well-being”,which mainly emphasizes the strategies to be adopted for maintaining a healthy life.The Monkeypox Virus disease was first reported in 1970.Since then,various health initiatives have been taken,including by the WHO.In the present work,we attempt a fractional model of Monkeypox virus disease,which we feel is crucial for a better understanding of this disease.We use the recently introduced ABC fractional derivative to closely examine the Monkeypox virus disease model.The evaluation of this model determines the existence of two equilibrium states.These two stable points exist within the model and include a disease-free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium.The disease-free equilibrium has undergone proof to demonstrate its stability properties.The system remains stable locally and globally whenever the effective reproduction number remains below one.The effective reproduction number becoming greater than unity makes the endemic equilibrium more stable both globally and locally than unity.To comprehensively study the model’s solutions,we employ the Picard-Lindelof approach to investigate their existence and uniqueness.We investigate the Ulam-Hyers and UlamHyers Rassias stability of the fractional order nonlinear framework for the Monkeypox virus disease model.Furthermore,the approximate solutions of the ABC fractional order Monkeypox virus disease model are obtained with the help of a numerical technique combining the Lagrange polynomial interpolation and fundamental theorem of fractional calculus with the ABC fractional derivative.展开更多
5-Hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)and its oxidation derivatives have emerged as a bridge between biomass resources and the future energy industry.These renewable biomass resources can be transformed into a variety of value-...5-Hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)and its oxidation derivatives have emerged as a bridge between biomass resources and the future energy industry.These renewable biomass resources can be transformed into a variety of value-added chemicals,thereby addressing the challenges posed by diminishing fossil fuel reserves and environmental concerns.The immobilization of catalysts represents an innovative method for the sustainable and efficient synthesis of HMF and its oxidation derivatives.This method not only enhances the yield and selectivity of the products but also allows for the optimization of the catalytic performance of immobilized catalysts through the strategic design of their supports.In this review,we provide an overview of the recent advancements in the technology of immobilized catalyst and its application in the synthesis of HMF and its oxidation derivatives,with a particular focus on the preparation and catalytic characteristics of these immobilized catalysts.Furthermore,we discuss potential future directions for the development of immobilized catalysts,including the preparation of high-performance immobilized catalysts,the exploration of their growth and catalytic mechanisms,and the economic implications of raw material utilization.This area of research presents both significant promise and considerable challenges.展开更多
Energy conversion and environmental pollution present significant challenges that necessitate the development of materials with optimal characteristics for effective applications in solar energy-driven photocatalysis....Energy conversion and environmental pollution present significant challenges that necessitate the development of materials with optimal characteristics for effective applications in solar energy-driven photocatalysis.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)serve as excellent platforms for the development of various MOF-derived materials,which have garnered extensive attention due to their unique structural features,high crystallinity,large surface areas,diverse morphologies,adjustable dimensions,tunable textural characteristics,and inherent catalytic activity.However,the sluggish charge kinetics and poor stability of MOFs and MOF-derived photocatalysts restrict their photocatalytic activity,thereby limiting their applications in the field of photocatalysis.Consequently,substantial research efforts have been directed toward maximizing the advantages of these intriguing materials while addressing their shortcomings.This review provides a comprehensive summary and analysis of various synthesis strategies of MOFs and their derivatives.Effective modification strategies to enhance the performance of these novel materials are also summarized.This review systematically explores the current advancements in the application of MOFs and their derivatives for photocatalytic water splitting,photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction,and environmental water pollution treatment.Finally,it discusses the challenges and future prospects of MOFs and MOF-derived materials in photocatalytic applications.Researchers should systematically optimize synthetic strategies and functionalize MOFs and their derivatives to enhance their application in energy conversion and environmental pollution control,thereby underscoring their extensive potential.Future research will increasingly concentrate on the intelligent design and functionalization of MOFs to attain superior catalytic performance and tackle the urgent energy and environmental challenges confronting the world.展开更多
This study investigates the dynamics of pneumococcal pneumonia using a novel fractal-fractional Susceptible-Carrier-Infected-Recovered model formulated with the Atangana-Baleanu in Caputo(ABC)sense.Unlike traditional ...This study investigates the dynamics of pneumococcal pneumonia using a novel fractal-fractional Susceptible-Carrier-Infected-Recovered model formulated with the Atangana-Baleanu in Caputo(ABC)sense.Unlike traditional epidemiological models that rely on classical or Caputo fractional derivatives,the proposed model incorporates nonlocal memory effects,hereditary properties,and complex transmission dynamics through fractalfractional calculus.The Atangana-Baleanu operator,with its non-singular Mittag-Leffler kernel,ensures a more realistic representation of disease progression compared to classical integer-order models and singular kernel-based fractional models.The study establishes the existence and uniqueness of the proposed system and conducts a comprehensive stability analysis,including local and global stability.Furthermore,numerical simulations illustrate the effectiveness of the ABC operator in capturing long-memory effects and nonlocal interactions in disease transmission.The results provide valuable insights into public health interventions,particularly in optimizing vaccination strategies,treatment approaches,and mitigation measures.By extending epidemiological modeling through fractal-fractional derivatives,this study offers an advanced framework for analyzing infectious disease dynamics with enhanced accuracy and predictive capabilities.展开更多
Natural products are the important sources in cardiovascular drug development.In this study,twenty-nine buthutin derivatives were designed,synthesized,and evaluated for their NHE-1 inhibition and protective effects on...Natural products are the important sources in cardiovascular drug development.In this study,twenty-nine buthutin derivatives were designed,synthesized,and evaluated for their NHE-1 inhibition and protective effects on cardiomyo-cyte injury.The structure of the newly synthesized compounds had been confirmed by 1H-NMR,13C-NMR,and HR-ESI-MS spectra.Among all target compounds at 1μM,compounds 9d,9f,9k,9m,and 9n,with a protection ratio exceeding 30%,exerted stronger protective effects on H9c2 cardiomyocyte than positive control dexrazoxane and buthutin A.Meanwhile,compounds 9k,9m,and 9o showed the significant NHE-1 inhibitory activities on H9c2 cardiomyocyte,all with a dpHi/min value less than 0.23.What is more,compounds 9k,9m,9o and buthutin A all exhibited the specificity on NHE-1 inhibition.Molecular modelling studies suggested the ability of compounds 9m and 9o to establish interactions with three hydrogen bonds to Asp267 and Glu346 of NHE-1,but also the ability with much lower CDOCKER energies than positive control cariporide and buthutin A.The structure-activity relationship(SAR)studies suggested that the presences of amide group,four-carbon linker,and para hydroxyl benzene ring were advantageous pharmacophores for above two pharmacological actions.This research would open new avenues for developing amide-guanidine-based cardioprotective agents.展开更多
High-energy-density(HED)fuel(e.g.widely used JP-10 and RJ-4),featuring compact 3D polycyclic structure with high strain,is of critical importance for volume-limited military aircraft,since their high density and combu...High-energy-density(HED)fuel(e.g.widely used JP-10 and RJ-4),featuring compact 3D polycyclic structure with high strain,is of critical importance for volume-limited military aircraft,since their high density and combustion heat can provide more propulsion energy.To reduce the reliance on petroleum source,it is highly desirable to develop renewable alternatives for the production of strained polycyclic HED fuel,but which remains a big challenge because of the inaccessibility caused by the high strain,We herein demonstrate a three-step catalytic route towards highly strained C_(17)and C_(18)spirofuel with biomass feedstocks.The process includes catalytic aldol condensation of renewable cyclohexanone/cyclopentanone with benzaldehyde,catalytic spiro Diels-Alder(D-A)reaction of aldol adduct with isoprene,and catalytic hydrodeoxygenation.The key spiro D-A reaction is enabled by the catalysis of heterogeneous Lewis acidic ionic liquid.The chloroaluminate IL,formed by benign urea and AICl3,exhibits good catalytic performance and reusability for this step.An eventual hydrodeoxygenation(HDO)over Pd/C and H-Y produces strained tricyclic spirofuel with density>0.93 g/mL,combustion heat>41 MJ/L and freezing point<-40℃,which are better than the properties of tactical fuel RJ-4.Therefore,it is anticipated that the as-prepared renewable fuels have the potential to replace traditional petroleum-derived HED fuels.展开更多
This study introduces a novel mathematical model to describe the progression of cholera by integrating fractional derivatives with both singular and non-singular kernels alongside stochastic differential equations ove...This study introduces a novel mathematical model to describe the progression of cholera by integrating fractional derivatives with both singular and non-singular kernels alongside stochastic differential equations over four distinct time intervals.The model incorporates three key fractional derivatives:the Caputo-Fabrizio fractional derivative with a non-singular kernel,the Caputo proportional constant fractional derivative with a singular kernel,and the Atangana-Baleanu fractional derivative with a non-singular kernel.We analyze the stability of the core model and apply various numerical methods to approximate the proposed crossover model.To achieve this,the approximation of Caputo proportional constant fractional derivative with Grünwald-Letnikov nonstandard finite difference method is used for the deterministic model with a singular kernel,while the Toufik-Atangana method is employed for models involving a non-singular Mittag-Leffler kernel.Additionally,the integral Caputo-Fabrizio approximation and a two-step Lagrange polynomial are utilized to approximate the model with a non-singular exponential decay kernel.For the stochastic component,the Milstein method is implemented to approximate the stochastic differential equations.The stability and effectiveness of the proposed model and methodologies are validated through numerical simulations and comparisons with real-world cholera data from Yemen.The results confirm the reliability and practical applicability of the model,providing strong theoretical and empirical support for the approach.展开更多
基金supported by the Key Science and Technol-ogy Program of Henan Province(No.232102241020)the Ph.D.Research Startup Foundation of Henan University of Science and Technology(No.400613480015)+1 种基金the Postdoctoral Research Startup Foundation of Henan University of Science and Technology(No.400613554001)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(242300420021).
文摘The poor reversibility and stability of Zn anodes greatly restrict the practical application of aqueous Zn-ion batteries(AZIBs),resulting from the uncontrollable dendrite growth and H_(2)O-induced side reactions during cycling.Electrolyte additive modification is considered one of the most effective and simplest methods for solving the aforementioned problems.Herein,the pyridine derivatives(PD)including 2,4-dihydroxypyridine(2,4-DHP),2,3-dihydroxypyridine(2,3-DHP),and 2-hydroxypyrdine(2-DHP),were em-ployed as novel electrolyte additives in ZnSO_(4)electrolyte.Both density functional theory calculation and experimental findings demonstrated that the incorporation of PD additives into the electrolyte effectively modulates the solvation structure of hydrated Zn ions,thereby suppressing side reactions in AZIBs.Ad-ditionally,the adsorption of PD molecules on the zinc anode surface contributed to uniform Zn deposi-tion and dendrite growth inhibition.Consequently,a 2,4-DHP-modified Zn/Zn symmetrical cell achieved an extremely long cyclic stability up to 5650 h at 1 mA cm^(-2).Furthermore,the Zn/NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10)full cell with 2,4-DHP-containing electrolyte exhibited an outstanding initial capacity of 204 mAh g^(-1),with a no-table capacity retention of 79%after 1000 cycles at 5 A g^(-1).Hence,this study expands the selection of electrolyte additives for AZIBs,and the working mechanism of PD additives provides new insights for electrolyte modification enabling highly reversible zinc anode.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFC1804501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22036007 and 22122611)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2020ME228)the Introduction and Cultivation Plan for Young Innovative Talents of Colleges and Universities.
文摘This study investigated environmental distribution and human exposure of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and their derivatives in one Chinese petroleum refinery facility.It was found that,following with high concentrations of 16 EPA PAHs(∑Parent-PAHs)in smelting subarea of studied petroleum refinery facility,total derivatives of PAHs[named as XPAHs,including nitro PAHs(NPAHs),chlorinated PAHs(Cl-PAHs),and brominated PAHs(Br-PAHs)]in gas(mean=1.57×10^(4)ng/m^(3)),total suspended particulate(TSP)(mean=4.33×10^(3) ng/m^(3))and soil(mean=4.37×10^(3) ng/g)in this subarea had 1.76-6.19 times higher levels than those from other subareas of this facility,surrounding residential areas and reference areas,indicating that petroleum refining processes would lead apparent derivation of PAHs.Especially,compared with those in residential and reference areas,gas samples in the petrochemical areas had higher∑NPAH/∑PAHs(mean=2.18),but lower∑Cl-PAH/∑PAHs(mean=1.43×10^(-1))and∑Br-PAH/∑PAHs ratios(mean=7.49×10^(-2)),indicating the richer nitrification of PAHs than chlorination during petrochemical process.The occupational exposure to PAHs and XPAHs in this petroleum refinery facility were 24-343 times higher than non-occupational exposure,and the ILCR(1.04×10^(-4))for petrochemical workers was considered to be potential high risk.Furthermore,one expanded high-resolution screening through GC Orbitrap/MS was performed for soils from petrochemical area,and another 35 PAHs were found,including alkyl-PAHs,phenyl-PAHs and other species,indicat-ing that profiles and risks of PAHs analogs in petrochemical areas deserve further expanded investigation.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC2804101)the Guangdong Provincial Key R&D Program(No.2023B1111050011)+2 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2023A1515010432)the Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.202201010305)the High-Level Talents Special Program of Zhejiang(No.2022R52036)。
文摘Guided by molecular networking,nine novel curvularin derivatives(1-9)and 16 known analogs(10-25)were isolated from the hydrothermal vent sediment fungus Penicillium sp.HL-50.Notably,compounds 5-7 represented a hybrid of curvularin and purine.The structures and absolute configurations of compounds 1-9 were elucidated via nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,electronic circular dichroism(ECD)calculations,^(13)C NMR calculation,modified Mosher's method,and chemical derivatization.Investigation of anti-inflammatory activities revealed that compounds 7-9,11,12,14,15,and 18 exhibited significant suppressive effects against lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced nitric oxide(NO)production in murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells,with IC_(50)values ranging from 0.44 to 4.40μmol·L^(-1).Furthermore,these bioactive compounds were found to suppress the expression of inflammation-related proteins,including inducible NO synthase(i NOS),cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2),NLR family pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3),and nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB).Additional studies demonstrated that the novel compound 7 possessed potent antiinflammatory activity by inhibiting the transcription of inflammation-related genes,downregulating the expression of inflammation-related proteins,and inhibiting the release of inflammatory cytokines,indicating its potential application in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
文摘We report five coordination polymers(CPs)based on fluorescent ligands[1,6-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyrene(dip),9,10-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)anthracene(dia)]and anionic ligands[cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid(H_(2)cda),camphoric acid(H_(2)cpa)].In[Cd(dip)(cda)]·4H_(2)O}_(n)(1),the Cd^(2+)ions,acting as tetrahedral nodes,are linked by dipand cda^(2-)ligands with four Cd^(2+)ions into five-fold interpenetrating network array of topology of dia.In{[Cd(dip)(cpa)]·4H_(2)O}_(n)(2),the Cd^(2+)ions,acting as a 4-connector,are linked by cpa^(2-)and dip ligands into a 3D framework ofcds topology.In{[Ni(dia)_(2)Cl_(2)]·DMF}_(n)(3),the Ni^(2+)ion is linked by four dia ligands into a layer structure,and 1Dchannels of a cross-section of 1.35 nm×0.96 nm are formed.In{[Cd(dia)_(2)(H_(2)O)_(2)](NO_(3))_(2)·2DMSO}n(4),the dia ligandsconnected Cd^(2+)ions into a 2D layer,and 1D channels are formed between adjacent layers with a cross-section of0.87 nm×0.43 nm.In[Zn(dip)Cl_(2)]_(n)(5),the Zn^(2+)ion is linked by dip ligands into an infinite 1D chain.The infrared,thermal gravimetric,and fluorescent emission data were collected and analyzed for these coordination polymers.CCDC:2356055,1;2440075,2;2356057,3;2356057,4;2356059,5.
文摘The selective hydrogenation ofα,β-unsaturated aldehydes/ketones enables precise control over product structures and properties by regulating hydrogen transport pathways and bond cleavage sequences to selectively reduce C=C or C=O bonds while preserving other functional groups within the molecule.This approach serves as a critical strategy for the directional synthesis of high-value molecules.However,achieving such selectivity remains challenging due to the thermodynamic equilibrium and kinetic competition between C=O and C=C bonds inα,β-unsaturated systems.Consequently,constructing precisely targeted catalytic systems is essential to overcome these limitations,offering both fundamental scientific significance and industrial application potential.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)and their derivatives have emerged as innovative platforms for designing such systems,owing to their programmable topology,tunable pore microenvironments,spatially controllable active sites,and modifiable electronic structures.This review systematically summarizes the research progress of MOF-based catalysts for selec-tive hydrogenation ofα,β-unsaturated aldehydes/ketones in the last decade,with emphasis on the design strategy,conformational relationship,and catalytic mechanism,aiming to provide new ideas for the design of targeted catalyt-ic systems for the selective hydrogenation ofα,β-unsaturated aldehydes/ketones.
文摘Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)has garnered increased attention as a result of its persistent symptoms,which undermine patientsʼquality of life.Fudosteine has substantial advantages in the treatment of COPD due to its high efficacy and low adverse effects.In this study,Fudosteine sulfonamide derivatives Series I and amine derivatives Series II were designed and synthesized,and their biological activities were evaluated.The results showed that compound 6f had outstanding anti-inflammatory action with an IC_(50) of 1.08 mmol/L,and a higher antioxidant capacity than the lead molecule.At the same time,molecular docking investigations have revealed that compound 6f establishes hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic contacts with the MUC5AC protein.Furthermore,derivative 1f inhibited PDE4A1 enzyme activity five times more than Fudosteine.2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)free radical scavenging tests demonstrated that all examined substances had higher antioxidant activity than Fudosteine.This study established a solid foundation for further research into COPD drug therapy.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFA1404400 and 2023YFA1406900)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Grant No.23ZR1481200)the Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader(Grant No.23XD1423800)。
文摘Scalar fields should have no spin angular momentum according to conventional textbook understandings inclassical field theory.Yet,recent studies demonstrate the undoubted existence of wave spin endowed by acousticand elastic longitudinal waves,which are of irrotational curl-free nature without vorticity and can be describedby scalar fields.Moreover,the conventional theory cannot even answer the question of whether wave spin existsin dissipative fields,given the ubiquitous dissipation in reality.Here,to resolve the seeming paradox and answerthe challenging question,we uncover the origin of wave spin in scalar fields beyond traditional formalism byclarifying that the presence of higher-order derivatives in scalar field Lagrangians can give rise to non-vanishingwave spin.For“spinless”scalar fields of only first-order derivatives,we can make the hidden wave spin emergeby revealing a latent field that leads to the original field through a time derivative,thus giving higher-order termsin Lagrangian.Based on the standard Noether theorem approach,we exemplify the wave spin for unconventionaldrifted acoustic fields,and even for dissipative media,in scalar fields with higher-order derivative Lagrangian.The results would prompt people to build more comprehensive and fundamental understandings of structuralwave spin in classical fields.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China“Structural Stability Assessment Techniques and Demonstration for Masonry Ancient Pagodas”(2023YFF0906005)。
文摘To investigate the temperature susceptibility and nonlinear memory effects of artificially frozen soil creep behavior,this study conducted uniaxial step-loading creep tests under controlled temperatures ranging from-10℃to-20℃.The transient creep characteristics and steady-state creep rates of artificially frozen soils were systematically examined with respect to variations in temperature and stress.Experimental results demonstrate that decreasing temperatures lead to a decaying trend in the steady-state creep rate of silty frozen soil,confirming that low-temperature environments significantly inhibit plastic flow while enhancing material stiffness.Based on fractional calculus theory,a fractional derivative creep model was established.By incorporating temperature dependencies,the model was further improved to account for both stress and temperature effects.The model predictions align closely with experimental data,achieving over 91%agreement(standard deviation±1.8%),and effectively capture the stress-strain behavior of artificially frozen soil under varying thermal conditions.This research provides a reliable theoretical foundation for studying deformation characteristics in cold-regions engineering.
基金extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University for funding this work through Large Research Project under grant number RGP2/174/46.
文摘In this article,we develop the Laplace transform(LT)based Chebyshev spectral collocation method(CSCM)to approximate the time fractional advection-diffusion equation,incorporating the Atangana-Baleanu Caputo(ABC)derivative.The advection-diffusion equation,which governs the transport of mass,heat,or energy through combined advection and diffusion processes,is central to modeling physical systems with nonlocal behavior.Our numerical scheme employs the LT to transform the time-dependent time-fractional PDEs into a time-independent PDE in LT domain,eliminating the need for classical time-stepping methods that often suffer from stability constraints.For spatial discretization,we employ the CSCM,where the solution is approximated using Lagrange interpolation polynomial based on the Chebyshev collocation nodes,achieving exponential convergence that outperforms the algebraic convergence rates of finite difference and finite element methods.Finally,the solution is reverted to the time domain using contour integration technique.We also establish the existence and uniqueness of the solution for the proposed problem.The performance,efficiency,and accuracy of the proposed method are validated through various fractional advection-diffusion problems.The computed results demonstrate that the proposed method has less computational cost and is highly accurate.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12347104,U24A2017,12461160276,and 12175075)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFC2205802)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant Nos.BK20243060 and BK20233001)in part by the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks,China。
文摘The quantum geometric tensor(QGT)is a fundamental quantity for characterizing the geometric properties of quantum states and plays an essential role in elucidating various physical phenomena.The traditional QGT,defned only for pure states,has limited applicability in realistic scenarios where mixed states are common.To address this limitation,we generalize the defnition of the QGT to mixed states using the purifcation bundle and the covariant derivative.Notably,our proposed defnition reduces to the traditional QGT when mixed states approach pure states.In our framework,the real and imaginary parts of this generalized QGT correspond to the Bures metric and the mean gauge curvature,respectively,endowing it with a broad range of potential applications.Additionally,using our proposed mixed-state QGT,we derive the geodesic equation applicable to mixed states.This work establishes a unifed framework for the geometric analysis of both pure and mixed states,thereby deepening our understanding of the geometric properties of quantum states.
基金Supported by Shandong University of Finance and Economics 2023 International Collaborative Projectsthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62073190)。
文摘In this article,we study the approximate controllability of neutral partial differential equations with Hilfer fractional derivative and not instantaneous impulses effects.By using the Sadovskii's fixed point theorem,fractional calculus and resolvent operator functions,we prove the approximate controllability of the considered system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant number 82473810)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,South-Central Minzu University(Grant No.CPT22033).
文摘The basidiomycetes Stereum hirsutum and Boreostereum vibrans are two fungi of the same genus.In this study,chemical investigation on the co-cultures of the two congeneric fungi led to the isolation of eleven new vibralactone derivatives,hirsutavibrins A-K(1-11).The structures of 1-11 were elucidated by extensive NMR and HRESIMS spectroscopic analysis,and computational methods.Hirsutavibrins A(1)and B(2)showed weak cytotoxicity against the human lung cancer cell line A549.Hirsutavibrin D(4)showed moderate anti-nitric oxide activity in murine monocytic RAW 264.7 macrophages.This work not only expands the members of vibralactone derivatives with variable configurations but also opens a new avenue for fungal co-culturing study between congeneric fungi.
基金W.W.was supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023M741992)Z.Y.was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11925108).
文摘In this paper,we present some properties of scattering data for the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation in H^(S)(R)(s≥1/2)starting from the Lax pair.We show that the reciprocal of the transmission coefficient can be expressed as the sum of some iterative integrals,and its logarithm can be written as the sum of some connected iterative integrals.We provide the asymptotic properties of the first few iterative integrals of the reciprocal of the transmission coefficient.Moreover,we provide some regularity properties of the reciprocal of the transmission coefficient related to scattering data in H^(S)(R).
基金sponsored by Prince Sattam Bin Abulaziz University(PSAU)as part of funding for its SDG Roadmap Research Funding Programme Project Number PSAU-2023-SDG-107.
文摘The Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations has released seventeen goals for sustainable development and SDG No.3 is“Good Health and Well-being”,which mainly emphasizes the strategies to be adopted for maintaining a healthy life.The Monkeypox Virus disease was first reported in 1970.Since then,various health initiatives have been taken,including by the WHO.In the present work,we attempt a fractional model of Monkeypox virus disease,which we feel is crucial for a better understanding of this disease.We use the recently introduced ABC fractional derivative to closely examine the Monkeypox virus disease model.The evaluation of this model determines the existence of two equilibrium states.These two stable points exist within the model and include a disease-free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium.The disease-free equilibrium has undergone proof to demonstrate its stability properties.The system remains stable locally and globally whenever the effective reproduction number remains below one.The effective reproduction number becoming greater than unity makes the endemic equilibrium more stable both globally and locally than unity.To comprehensively study the model’s solutions,we employ the Picard-Lindelof approach to investigate their existence and uniqueness.We investigate the Ulam-Hyers and UlamHyers Rassias stability of the fractional order nonlinear framework for the Monkeypox virus disease model.Furthermore,the approximate solutions of the ABC fractional order Monkeypox virus disease model are obtained with the help of a numerical technique combining the Lagrange polynomial interpolation and fundamental theorem of fractional calculus with the ABC fractional derivative.
文摘5-Hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)and its oxidation derivatives have emerged as a bridge between biomass resources and the future energy industry.These renewable biomass resources can be transformed into a variety of value-added chemicals,thereby addressing the challenges posed by diminishing fossil fuel reserves and environmental concerns.The immobilization of catalysts represents an innovative method for the sustainable and efficient synthesis of HMF and its oxidation derivatives.This method not only enhances the yield and selectivity of the products but also allows for the optimization of the catalytic performance of immobilized catalysts through the strategic design of their supports.In this review,we provide an overview of the recent advancements in the technology of immobilized catalyst and its application in the synthesis of HMF and its oxidation derivatives,with a particular focus on the preparation and catalytic characteristics of these immobilized catalysts.Furthermore,we discuss potential future directions for the development of immobilized catalysts,including the preparation of high-performance immobilized catalysts,the exploration of their growth and catalytic mechanisms,and the economic implications of raw material utilization.This area of research presents both significant promise and considerable challenges.
基金The financial support for this study by the Technology Project of Qingdao(22-3-7-cspz-9-nsh)the National Key Research and Development Program(2021YFB3500102)。
文摘Energy conversion and environmental pollution present significant challenges that necessitate the development of materials with optimal characteristics for effective applications in solar energy-driven photocatalysis.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)serve as excellent platforms for the development of various MOF-derived materials,which have garnered extensive attention due to their unique structural features,high crystallinity,large surface areas,diverse morphologies,adjustable dimensions,tunable textural characteristics,and inherent catalytic activity.However,the sluggish charge kinetics and poor stability of MOFs and MOF-derived photocatalysts restrict their photocatalytic activity,thereby limiting their applications in the field of photocatalysis.Consequently,substantial research efforts have been directed toward maximizing the advantages of these intriguing materials while addressing their shortcomings.This review provides a comprehensive summary and analysis of various synthesis strategies of MOFs and their derivatives.Effective modification strategies to enhance the performance of these novel materials are also summarized.This review systematically explores the current advancements in the application of MOFs and their derivatives for photocatalytic water splitting,photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction,and environmental water pollution treatment.Finally,it discusses the challenges and future prospects of MOFs and MOF-derived materials in photocatalytic applications.Researchers should systematically optimize synthetic strategies and functionalize MOFs and their derivatives to enhance their application in energy conversion and environmental pollution control,thereby underscoring their extensive potential.Future research will increasingly concentrate on the intelligent design and functionalization of MOFs to attain superior catalytic performance and tackle the urgent energy and environmental challenges confronting the world.
基金funded by the Research,Development,and Innovation Authority(RDIA)-Kingdom of Saudi Arabia-with grant number 12803-baha-2023-BU-R-3-1-EI.
文摘This study investigates the dynamics of pneumococcal pneumonia using a novel fractal-fractional Susceptible-Carrier-Infected-Recovered model formulated with the Atangana-Baleanu in Caputo(ABC)sense.Unlike traditional epidemiological models that rely on classical or Caputo fractional derivatives,the proposed model incorporates nonlocal memory effects,hereditary properties,and complex transmission dynamics through fractalfractional calculus.The Atangana-Baleanu operator,with its non-singular Mittag-Leffler kernel,ensures a more realistic representation of disease progression compared to classical integer-order models and singular kernel-based fractional models.The study establishes the existence and uniqueness of the proposed system and conducts a comprehensive stability analysis,including local and global stability.Furthermore,numerical simulations illustrate the effectiveness of the ABC operator in capturing long-memory effects and nonlocal interactions in disease transmission.The results provide valuable insights into public health interventions,particularly in optimizing vaccination strategies,treatment approaches,and mitigation measures.By extending epidemiological modeling through fractal-fractional derivatives,this study offers an advanced framework for analyzing infectious disease dynamics with enhanced accuracy and predictive capabilities.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)Youth Project(No.82204397).
文摘Natural products are the important sources in cardiovascular drug development.In this study,twenty-nine buthutin derivatives were designed,synthesized,and evaluated for their NHE-1 inhibition and protective effects on cardiomyo-cyte injury.The structure of the newly synthesized compounds had been confirmed by 1H-NMR,13C-NMR,and HR-ESI-MS spectra.Among all target compounds at 1μM,compounds 9d,9f,9k,9m,and 9n,with a protection ratio exceeding 30%,exerted stronger protective effects on H9c2 cardiomyocyte than positive control dexrazoxane and buthutin A.Meanwhile,compounds 9k,9m,and 9o showed the significant NHE-1 inhibitory activities on H9c2 cardiomyocyte,all with a dpHi/min value less than 0.23.What is more,compounds 9k,9m,9o and buthutin A all exhibited the specificity on NHE-1 inhibition.Molecular modelling studies suggested the ability of compounds 9m and 9o to establish interactions with three hydrogen bonds to Asp267 and Glu346 of NHE-1,but also the ability with much lower CDOCKER energies than positive control cariporide and buthutin A.The structure-activity relationship(SAR)studies suggested that the presences of amide group,four-carbon linker,and para hydroxyl benzene ring were advantageous pharmacophores for above two pharmacological actions.This research would open new avenues for developing amide-guanidine-based cardioprotective agents.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2023QN1009)Xuzhou Basic Research Project(KC23018)+1 种基金China University of Mining and Technology(CUMT)Open Sharing Fund for Large-scale Instruments and Equipment(DYGX-2024-34)Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘High-energy-density(HED)fuel(e.g.widely used JP-10 and RJ-4),featuring compact 3D polycyclic structure with high strain,is of critical importance for volume-limited military aircraft,since their high density and combustion heat can provide more propulsion energy.To reduce the reliance on petroleum source,it is highly desirable to develop renewable alternatives for the production of strained polycyclic HED fuel,but which remains a big challenge because of the inaccessibility caused by the high strain,We herein demonstrate a three-step catalytic route towards highly strained C_(17)and C_(18)spirofuel with biomass feedstocks.The process includes catalytic aldol condensation of renewable cyclohexanone/cyclopentanone with benzaldehyde,catalytic spiro Diels-Alder(D-A)reaction of aldol adduct with isoprene,and catalytic hydrodeoxygenation.The key spiro D-A reaction is enabled by the catalysis of heterogeneous Lewis acidic ionic liquid.The chloroaluminate IL,formed by benign urea and AICl3,exhibits good catalytic performance and reusability for this step.An eventual hydrodeoxygenation(HDO)over Pd/C and H-Y produces strained tricyclic spirofuel with density>0.93 g/mL,combustion heat>41 MJ/L and freezing point<-40℃,which are better than the properties of tactical fuel RJ-4.Therefore,it is anticipated that the as-prepared renewable fuels have the potential to replace traditional petroleum-derived HED fuels.
文摘This study introduces a novel mathematical model to describe the progression of cholera by integrating fractional derivatives with both singular and non-singular kernels alongside stochastic differential equations over four distinct time intervals.The model incorporates three key fractional derivatives:the Caputo-Fabrizio fractional derivative with a non-singular kernel,the Caputo proportional constant fractional derivative with a singular kernel,and the Atangana-Baleanu fractional derivative with a non-singular kernel.We analyze the stability of the core model and apply various numerical methods to approximate the proposed crossover model.To achieve this,the approximation of Caputo proportional constant fractional derivative with Grünwald-Letnikov nonstandard finite difference method is used for the deterministic model with a singular kernel,while the Toufik-Atangana method is employed for models involving a non-singular Mittag-Leffler kernel.Additionally,the integral Caputo-Fabrizio approximation and a two-step Lagrange polynomial are utilized to approximate the model with a non-singular exponential decay kernel.For the stochastic component,the Milstein method is implemented to approximate the stochastic differential equations.The stability and effectiveness of the proposed model and methodologies are validated through numerical simulations and comparisons with real-world cholera data from Yemen.The results confirm the reliability and practical applicability of the model,providing strong theoretical and empirical support for the approach.
