Traditional data-driven fault diagnosis methods depend on expert experience to manually extract effective fault features of signals,which has certain limitations.Conversely,deep learning techniques have gained promine...Traditional data-driven fault diagnosis methods depend on expert experience to manually extract effective fault features of signals,which has certain limitations.Conversely,deep learning techniques have gained prominence as a central focus of research in the field of fault diagnosis by strong fault feature extraction ability and end-to-end fault diagnosis efficiency.Recently,utilizing the respective advantages of convolution neural network(CNN)and Transformer in local and global feature extraction,research on cooperating the two have demonstrated promise in the field of fault diagnosis.However,the cross-channel convolution mechanism in CNN and the self-attention calculations in Transformer contribute to excessive complexity in the cooperative model.This complexity results in high computational costs and limited industrial applicability.To tackle the above challenges,this paper proposes a lightweight CNN-Transformer named as SEFormer for rotating machinery fault diagnosis.First,a separable multiscale depthwise convolution block is designed to extract and integrate multiscale feature information from different channel dimensions of vibration signals.Then,an efficient self-attention block is developed to capture critical fine-grained features of the signal from a global perspective.Finally,experimental results on the planetary gearbox dataset and themotor roller bearing dataset prove that the proposed framework can balance the advantages of robustness,generalization and lightweight compared to recent state-of-the-art fault diagnosis models based on CNN and Transformer.This study presents a feasible strategy for developing a lightweight rotating machinery fault diagnosis framework aimed at economical deployment.展开更多
Recently,video-based fire detection technology has become an important research topic in the field of machine vision.This paper proposes a method of combining the classification model and target detection model in dee...Recently,video-based fire detection technology has become an important research topic in the field of machine vision.This paper proposes a method of combining the classification model and target detection model in deep learning for fire detection.Firstly,the depthwise separable convolution is used to classify fire images,which saves a lot of detection time under the premise of ensuring detection accuracy.Secondly,You Only Look Once version 3(YOLOv3)target regression function is used to output the fire position information for the images whose classification result is fire,which avoids the problem that the accuracy of detection cannot be guaranteed by using YOLOv3 for target classification and position regression.At the same time,the detection time of target regression for images without fire is greatly reduced saved.The experiments were tested using a network public database.The detection accuracy reached 98%and the detection rate reached 38fps.This method not only saves the workload of manually extracting flame characteristics,reduces the calculation cost,and reduces the amount of parameters,but also improves the detection accuracy and detection rate.展开更多
Channel pruning can reduce memory consumption and running time with least performance damage,and is one of the most important techniques in network compression.However,existing channel pruning methods mainly focus on ...Channel pruning can reduce memory consumption and running time with least performance damage,and is one of the most important techniques in network compression.However,existing channel pruning methods mainly focus on the pruning of standard convolutional networks,and they rely intensively on time-consuming fine-tuning to achieve the performance improvement.To this end,we present a novel efficient probability-based channel pruning method for depthwise separable convolutional networks.Our method leverages a new simple yet effective probability-based channel pruning criterion by taking the scaling and shifting factors of batch normalization layers into consideration.A novel shifting factor fusion technique is further developed to improve the performance of the pruned networks without requiring extra time-consuming fine-tuning.We apply the proposed method to five representative deep learning networks,namely MobileNetV1,MobileNetV2,ShuffleNetV1,ShuffleNetV2,and GhostNet,to demonstrate the efficiency of our pruning method.Extensive experimental results and comparisons on publicly available CIFAR10,CIFAR100,and ImageNet datasets validate the feasibility of the proposed method.展开更多
Image classification using Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)achieves optimal perfor-mance with a particular strategy.MobileNet reduces the parameter number for learning features by switching from the standard convolut...Image classification using Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)achieves optimal perfor-mance with a particular strategy.MobileNet reduces the parameter number for learning features by switching from the standard convolution paradigm to the depthwise separable convolution(DSC)paradigm.However,there are not enough features to learn for identify-ing the freshness of fish eyes.Furthermore,minor variances in features should not require complicated CNN architecture.In this paper,our first contribution proposed DSC Bottle-neck with Expansion for learning features of the freshness of fish eyes with a Bottleneck Multiplier.The second contribution proposed Residual Transition to bridge current feature maps and skip connection feature maps to the next convolution block.The third contribu-tion proposed MobileNetV1 Bottleneck with Expansion(MB-BE)for classifying the freshness of fish eyes.The result obtained from the Freshness of the Fish Eyes dataset shows that MB-BE outperformed other models such as original MobileNet,VGG16,Densenet,Nasnet Mobile with 63.21%accuracy.展开更多
Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are widely used in image classification tasks, but their increasing model size and computation make them challenging to implement on embedded systems with constrained hardware reso...Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are widely used in image classification tasks, but their increasing model size and computation make them challenging to implement on embedded systems with constrained hardware resources. To address this issue, the MobileNetV1 network was developed, which employs depthwise convolution to reduce network complexity. MobileNetV1 employs a stride of 2 in several convolutional layers to decrease the spatial resolution of feature maps, thereby lowering computational costs. However, this stride setting can lead to a loss of spatial information, particularly affecting the detection and representation of smaller objects or finer details in images. To maintain the trade-off between complexity and model performance, a lightweight convolutional neural network with hierarchical multi-scale feature fusion based on the MobileNetV1 network is proposed. The network consists of two main subnetworks. The first subnetwork uses a depthwise dilated separable convolution (DDSC) layer to learn imaging features with fewer parameters, which results in a lightweight and computationally inexpensive network. Furthermore, depthwise dilated convolution in DDSC layer effectively expands the field of view of filters, allowing them to incorporate a larger context. The second subnetwork is a hierarchical multi-scale feature fusion (HMFF) module that uses parallel multi-resolution branches architecture to process the input feature map in order to extract the multi-scale feature information of the input image. Experimental results on the CIFAR-10, Malaria, and KvasirV1 datasets demonstrate that the proposed method is efficient, reducing the network parameters and computational cost by 65.02% and 39.78%, respectively, while maintaining the network performance compared to the MobileNetV1 baseline.展开更多
Deep kernel mapping support vector machines have achieved good results in numerous tasks by mapping features from a low-dimensional space to a high-dimensional space and then using support vector machines for classifi...Deep kernel mapping support vector machines have achieved good results in numerous tasks by mapping features from a low-dimensional space to a high-dimensional space and then using support vector machines for classification.However,the depth kernel mapping support vector machine does not take into account the connection of different dimensional spaces and increases the model parameters.To further improve the recognition capability of deep kernel mapping support vector machines while reducing the number of model parameters,this paper proposes a framework of Lightweight Deep Convolutional Cross-Connected Kernel Mapping Support Vector Machines(LC-CKMSVM).The framework consists of a feature extraction module and a classification module.The feature extraction module first maps the data from low-dimensional to high-dimensional space by fusing the representations of different dimensional spaces through cross-connections;then,it uses depthwise separable convolution to replace part of the original convolution to reduce the number of parameters in the module;The classification module uses a soft margin support vector machine for classification.The results on 6 different visual datasets show that LC-CKMSVM obtains better classification accuracies on most cases than the other five models.展开更多
In this paper,a new bolt fault diagnosis method is developed to solve the fault diagnosis problem of wind turbine flange bolts using one-dimensional depthwise separable convolutions.The main idea is to use a one-dimen...In this paper,a new bolt fault diagnosis method is developed to solve the fault diagnosis problem of wind turbine flange bolts using one-dimensional depthwise separable convolutions.The main idea is to use a one-dimensional convolutional neural network model to classify and identify the acoustic vibration signals of bolts,which represent different bolt damage states.Through the methods of knock test and modal simulation,it is concluded that the damage state of wind turbine flange bolt is related to the natural frequency distribution of acoustic vibration signal.It is found that the bolt damage state affects the modal shape of the structure,and then affects the natural frequency distribution of the bolt vibration signal.Therefore,the damage state can be obtained by identifying the natural frequency distribution of the bolt acoustic vibration signal.In the present one-dimensional depth-detachable convolutional neural network model,the one-dimensional vector is first convolved into multiple channels,and then each channel is separately learned by depth-detachable convolution,which can effectively improve the feature quality and the effect of data classification.From the perspective of the realization mechanism of convolution operation,the depthwise separable convolution operation has fewer parameters and faster computing speed,making it easier to build lightweight models and deploy them to mobile devices.展开更多
目的近年来,基于深度学习的水印方法得到了广泛研究。现有方法通常对特征图的低频和高频部分同等对待,忽视了不同频率成分之间的重要差异,导致模型在处理多样化攻击时缺乏灵活性,难以同时实现水印的高保真性和强鲁棒性。为此,本文提出...目的近年来,基于深度学习的水印方法得到了广泛研究。现有方法通常对特征图的低频和高频部分同等对待,忽视了不同频率成分之间的重要差异,导致模型在处理多样化攻击时缺乏灵活性,难以同时实现水印的高保真性和强鲁棒性。为此,本文提出一种频率感知驱动的深度鲁棒图像水印技术(deep robust image watermarking driven by frequency awareness,RIWFP)。方法通过差异化机制处理低频和高频成分,提升水印性能。具体而言,低频成分通过小波卷积神经网络进行建模,利用宽感受野卷积在粗粒度层面高效学习全局结构和上下文信息;高频成分则采用深度可分离卷积和注意力机制组成的特征蒸馏块进行精炼,强化图像细节,在细粒度层面高效捕捉高频信息。此外,本文使用多频率小波损失函数,引导模型聚焦于不同频带的特征分布,进一步提升生成图像的质量。结果实验结果表明,提出的频率感知驱动的深度鲁棒图像水印技术在多个数据集上均表现出优越性能。在COCO(common objects in context)数据集上,RIWFP在随机丢弃攻击下的准确率达到91.4%;在椒盐噪声和中值滤波攻击下,RIWFP分别以100%和99.5%的准确率达到了最高水平,展现了其对高频信息的高效学习能力。在Ima⁃geNet数据集上,RIWFP在裁剪攻击下的准确率为93.4%;在JPEG压缩攻击下的准确率为99.6%,均显著优于其他对比方法。综合来看,RIWFP在COCO和ImageNet数据集上的平均准确率分别为96.7%和96.9%,均高于其他对比方法。结论本文所提方法通过频率感知的粗到细处理策略,显著增强了水印的不可见性和鲁棒性,在处理多种攻击时表现出优越性能。展开更多
以轻量化为目标,提出一种可用于多目标跟踪(Multi-Object Tracking,MOT)模型的高效卷积QuarkModule,该卷积算子可从宽度和深度两个方面对深度神经网络模型进行轻量化。基于QuarkModule,对经典JDE(Joint Detection and Embedding)算法进...以轻量化为目标,提出一种可用于多目标跟踪(Multi-Object Tracking,MOT)模型的高效卷积QuarkModule,该卷积算子可从宽度和深度两个方面对深度神经网络模型进行轻量化。基于QuarkModule,对经典JDE(Joint Detection and Embedding)算法进行改进,提出一种轻量化的MOT模型QuarkJDE,为进一步验证QuarkModule的泛化能力,构建轻量化分类模型QuarkNet。基于公开数据集,对两个轻量化模型展开多维实验,实验结果充分验证QuarkModule的效率和特征学习能力。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52277055).
文摘Traditional data-driven fault diagnosis methods depend on expert experience to manually extract effective fault features of signals,which has certain limitations.Conversely,deep learning techniques have gained prominence as a central focus of research in the field of fault diagnosis by strong fault feature extraction ability and end-to-end fault diagnosis efficiency.Recently,utilizing the respective advantages of convolution neural network(CNN)and Transformer in local and global feature extraction,research on cooperating the two have demonstrated promise in the field of fault diagnosis.However,the cross-channel convolution mechanism in CNN and the self-attention calculations in Transformer contribute to excessive complexity in the cooperative model.This complexity results in high computational costs and limited industrial applicability.To tackle the above challenges,this paper proposes a lightweight CNN-Transformer named as SEFormer for rotating machinery fault diagnosis.First,a separable multiscale depthwise convolution block is designed to extract and integrate multiscale feature information from different channel dimensions of vibration signals.Then,an efficient self-attention block is developed to capture critical fine-grained features of the signal from a global perspective.Finally,experimental results on the planetary gearbox dataset and themotor roller bearing dataset prove that the proposed framework can balance the advantages of robustness,generalization and lightweight compared to recent state-of-the-art fault diagnosis models based on CNN and Transformer.This study presents a feasible strategy for developing a lightweight rotating machinery fault diagnosis framework aimed at economical deployment.
基金This work was supported by Liaoning Provincial Science Public Welfare Research Fund Project(No.2016002006)Liaoning Provincial Department of Education Scientific Research Service Local Project(No.L201708).
文摘Recently,video-based fire detection technology has become an important research topic in the field of machine vision.This paper proposes a method of combining the classification model and target detection model in deep learning for fire detection.Firstly,the depthwise separable convolution is used to classify fire images,which saves a lot of detection time under the premise of ensuring detection accuracy.Secondly,You Only Look Once version 3(YOLOv3)target regression function is used to output the fire position information for the images whose classification result is fire,which avoids the problem that the accuracy of detection cannot be guaranteed by using YOLOv3 for target classification and position regression.At the same time,the detection time of target regression for images without fire is greatly reduced saved.The experiments were tested using a network public database.The detection accuracy reached 98%and the detection rate reached 38fps.This method not only saves the workload of manually extracting flame characteristics,reduces the calculation cost,and reduces the amount of parameters,but also improves the detection accuracy and detection rate.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.62036010 and 62072340the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.LZ21F020001 and LSZ19F020001the Open Project Program of the State Key Laboratory of CAD&CG,Zhejiang University under Grant No.A2220.
文摘Channel pruning can reduce memory consumption and running time with least performance damage,and is one of the most important techniques in network compression.However,existing channel pruning methods mainly focus on the pruning of standard convolutional networks,and they rely intensively on time-consuming fine-tuning to achieve the performance improvement.To this end,we present a novel efficient probability-based channel pruning method for depthwise separable convolutional networks.Our method leverages a new simple yet effective probability-based channel pruning criterion by taking the scaling and shifting factors of batch normalization layers into consideration.A novel shifting factor fusion technique is further developed to improve the performance of the pruned networks without requiring extra time-consuming fine-tuning.We apply the proposed method to five representative deep learning networks,namely MobileNetV1,MobileNetV2,ShuffleNetV1,ShuffleNetV2,and GhostNet,to demonstrate the efficiency of our pruning method.Extensive experimental results and comparisons on publicly available CIFAR10,CIFAR100,and ImageNet datasets validate the feasibility of the proposed method.
文摘Image classification using Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)achieves optimal perfor-mance with a particular strategy.MobileNet reduces the parameter number for learning features by switching from the standard convolution paradigm to the depthwise separable convolution(DSC)paradigm.However,there are not enough features to learn for identify-ing the freshness of fish eyes.Furthermore,minor variances in features should not require complicated CNN architecture.In this paper,our first contribution proposed DSC Bottle-neck with Expansion for learning features of the freshness of fish eyes with a Bottleneck Multiplier.The second contribution proposed Residual Transition to bridge current feature maps and skip connection feature maps to the next convolution block.The third contribu-tion proposed MobileNetV1 Bottleneck with Expansion(MB-BE)for classifying the freshness of fish eyes.The result obtained from the Freshness of the Fish Eyes dataset shows that MB-BE outperformed other models such as original MobileNet,VGG16,Densenet,Nasnet Mobile with 63.21%accuracy.
文摘Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are widely used in image classification tasks, but their increasing model size and computation make them challenging to implement on embedded systems with constrained hardware resources. To address this issue, the MobileNetV1 network was developed, which employs depthwise convolution to reduce network complexity. MobileNetV1 employs a stride of 2 in several convolutional layers to decrease the spatial resolution of feature maps, thereby lowering computational costs. However, this stride setting can lead to a loss of spatial information, particularly affecting the detection and representation of smaller objects or finer details in images. To maintain the trade-off between complexity and model performance, a lightweight convolutional neural network with hierarchical multi-scale feature fusion based on the MobileNetV1 network is proposed. The network consists of two main subnetworks. The first subnetwork uses a depthwise dilated separable convolution (DDSC) layer to learn imaging features with fewer parameters, which results in a lightweight and computationally inexpensive network. Furthermore, depthwise dilated convolution in DDSC layer effectively expands the field of view of filters, allowing them to incorporate a larger context. The second subnetwork is a hierarchical multi-scale feature fusion (HMFF) module that uses parallel multi-resolution branches architecture to process the input feature map in order to extract the multi-scale feature information of the input image. Experimental results on the CIFAR-10, Malaria, and KvasirV1 datasets demonstrate that the proposed method is efficient, reducing the network parameters and computational cost by 65.02% and 39.78%, respectively, while maintaining the network performance compared to the MobileNetV1 baseline.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61806013,61876010,61906005,62166002)General project of Science and Technology Plan of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(KM202110005028)+1 种基金Project of Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Beijing University of Technology(2021020101)International Research Cooperation Seed Fund of Beijing University of Technology(2021A01).
文摘Deep kernel mapping support vector machines have achieved good results in numerous tasks by mapping features from a low-dimensional space to a high-dimensional space and then using support vector machines for classification.However,the depth kernel mapping support vector machine does not take into account the connection of different dimensional spaces and increases the model parameters.To further improve the recognition capability of deep kernel mapping support vector machines while reducing the number of model parameters,this paper proposes a framework of Lightweight Deep Convolutional Cross-Connected Kernel Mapping Support Vector Machines(LC-CKMSVM).The framework consists of a feature extraction module and a classification module.The feature extraction module first maps the data from low-dimensional to high-dimensional space by fusing the representations of different dimensional spaces through cross-connections;then,it uses depthwise separable convolution to replace part of the original convolution to reduce the number of parameters in the module;The classification module uses a soft margin support vector machine for classification.The results on 6 different visual datasets show that LC-CKMSVM obtains better classification accuracies on most cases than the other five models.
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2021YFE0206100 and 2018YFB1702300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62073321)+1 种基金the National Defense Basic Scientific Research Program(No.JCKY2019203C029)the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR(No.0015/2020/AMJ).
文摘In this paper,a new bolt fault diagnosis method is developed to solve the fault diagnosis problem of wind turbine flange bolts using one-dimensional depthwise separable convolutions.The main idea is to use a one-dimensional convolutional neural network model to classify and identify the acoustic vibration signals of bolts,which represent different bolt damage states.Through the methods of knock test and modal simulation,it is concluded that the damage state of wind turbine flange bolt is related to the natural frequency distribution of acoustic vibration signal.It is found that the bolt damage state affects the modal shape of the structure,and then affects the natural frequency distribution of the bolt vibration signal.Therefore,the damage state can be obtained by identifying the natural frequency distribution of the bolt acoustic vibration signal.In the present one-dimensional depth-detachable convolutional neural network model,the one-dimensional vector is first convolved into multiple channels,and then each channel is separately learned by depth-detachable convolution,which can effectively improve the feature quality and the effect of data classification.From the perspective of the realization mechanism of convolution operation,the depthwise separable convolution operation has fewer parameters and faster computing speed,making it easier to build lightweight models and deploy them to mobile devices.
文摘目的近年来,基于深度学习的水印方法得到了广泛研究。现有方法通常对特征图的低频和高频部分同等对待,忽视了不同频率成分之间的重要差异,导致模型在处理多样化攻击时缺乏灵活性,难以同时实现水印的高保真性和强鲁棒性。为此,本文提出一种频率感知驱动的深度鲁棒图像水印技术(deep robust image watermarking driven by frequency awareness,RIWFP)。方法通过差异化机制处理低频和高频成分,提升水印性能。具体而言,低频成分通过小波卷积神经网络进行建模,利用宽感受野卷积在粗粒度层面高效学习全局结构和上下文信息;高频成分则采用深度可分离卷积和注意力机制组成的特征蒸馏块进行精炼,强化图像细节,在细粒度层面高效捕捉高频信息。此外,本文使用多频率小波损失函数,引导模型聚焦于不同频带的特征分布,进一步提升生成图像的质量。结果实验结果表明,提出的频率感知驱动的深度鲁棒图像水印技术在多个数据集上均表现出优越性能。在COCO(common objects in context)数据集上,RIWFP在随机丢弃攻击下的准确率达到91.4%;在椒盐噪声和中值滤波攻击下,RIWFP分别以100%和99.5%的准确率达到了最高水平,展现了其对高频信息的高效学习能力。在Ima⁃geNet数据集上,RIWFP在裁剪攻击下的准确率为93.4%;在JPEG压缩攻击下的准确率为99.6%,均显著优于其他对比方法。综合来看,RIWFP在COCO和ImageNet数据集上的平均准确率分别为96.7%和96.9%,均高于其他对比方法。结论本文所提方法通过频率感知的粗到细处理策略,显著增强了水印的不可见性和鲁棒性,在处理多种攻击时表现出优越性能。
文摘以轻量化为目标,提出一种可用于多目标跟踪(Multi-Object Tracking,MOT)模型的高效卷积QuarkModule,该卷积算子可从宽度和深度两个方面对深度神经网络模型进行轻量化。基于QuarkModule,对经典JDE(Joint Detection and Embedding)算法进行改进,提出一种轻量化的MOT模型QuarkJDE,为进一步验证QuarkModule的泛化能力,构建轻量化分类模型QuarkNet。基于公开数据集,对两个轻量化模型展开多维实验,实验结果充分验证QuarkModule的效率和特征学习能力。
