In the past few years, three-dimensional（3-D） seismogram has become an essential tool for the interpretation of subsurface stratigraphy and depositional systems. Seismic stratigraphy in conjunction with seismic geom...In the past few years, three-dimensional（3-D） seismogram has become an essential tool for the interpretation of subsurface stratigraphy and depositional systems. Seismic stratigraphy in conjunction with seismic geomorphology has elevated the degree to which seismic data can facilitate geological interpretation, especially in a deepwater environment. Technologies such as time slicing and interval attribute analysis can enhance geomorphological interpretations, and, when integrated with stratigraphic analyses, can yield insights regarding distribution of seal and reservoir facies. Multiple attributes corendering can further bring out features of geological interest that other technologies may overlook. This method involves corender spectral decomposition components（SDC） with semblance attributes to describe the distribution of deepwater channel elements and the boundaries of deepwater sinuous channel. Applying this technology to four elements is observed：（1） point-bars,（2） migration of channel meander loops,（3） channel erosion/cut, and（4） avulsion. The planview expression of the deepwater channel ranges from low sinuosity to high sinuosity. Furthermore, this technology has enabled interpreters to visualize details of complex depositional elements and can be used to predict net-to-gross ratio in channel systems, which can be incorporated into borehole planning for exploration as well as development needs to improve risk management significantly. The technology is applied to the study area in an effort to illustrate the variety of interpretation technologies available to the geoscientist.展开更多
Cu–Ni and Cu–Co–Ni superhydrophobic films were constructed on the surface of B10 copper–nickel alloy welded joints using a two-step process of electrodeposition and stearic acid modification.The chemical compositi...Cu–Ni and Cu–Co–Ni superhydrophobic films were constructed on the surface of B10 copper–nickel alloy welded joints using a two-step process of electrodeposition and stearic acid modification.The chemical composition of the film surface was determined using surface characterization techniques.The corrosion resistance of the films was characterized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,potentiodynamic polarization,and scanning Kelvin probe microscopy at multiple scales.The thermal stability,mechanical stability,and self-cleaning properties of the films were also characterized.It was determined that the Cu–Co–Ni superhydrophobic film exhibited the best performance,with a static water contact angle of 159.3°,a roll-off angle of 2.3°,a charge transfer resistance 3300 times higher than the substrate,a self-corrosion current density nearly three orders of magnitude lower,and a surface Kelvin potential increase of 420 mV.The film demonstrated good thermal stability,excellent mechanical stability,and outstanding self-cleaning properties.Combining with previous studies,it was found that Co elements in the film contribute to the formation of a uniform and dense film,Ni elements enhance the adhesion and corrosion resistance between the films,and the combination of Co and Ni elements promotes uniform surface potential and further improves the corrosion resistance and interfilm adhesion of the films.展开更多
A new type of rare earth elements （REEs） deposit was discovered from the gaolinite mudstone in the weathering crust of Permian basalt, Bijie region, western Guizhou, China. It contained ∑RE2O3 0.065%-1.086%. This t...A new type of rare earth elements （REEs） deposit was discovered from the gaolinite mudstone in the weathering crust of Permian basalt, Bijie region, western Guizhou, China. It contained ∑RE2O3 0.065%-1.086%. This type of REEs deposit was widely distributed with steady horizon and thickness of 3-4 m. The ore-bearing weathering crust （kaolinite） of the three discovered REEs deposits belonged to the third episode of the Emeishan basalt eruption. The new type of REEs deposit was suggested that basalt （tuff） weathering could lead to the enrichment of the rare earth elements. Therefore, it is of important economic significance to explore REEs deposits in the weathering crust of basalt （tuffs） in Yunnan, Guizhou, and Sichuan Provinces.展开更多
Dry-deposited particles were collected during the passage of an extremely strong dust storm in March, 2010 at a coastal site in Qingdao（36.15°N, 120.49°E）, a city located in Eastern China. The size, morpho...Dry-deposited particles were collected during the passage of an extremely strong dust storm in March, 2010 at a coastal site in Qingdao（36.15°N, 120.49°E）, a city located in Eastern China. The size, morphology, and elemental composition of the particles were quantified with a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray instrument（SEM–EDX）. The particles appeared in various shapes, and their size mainly varied from 0.4to 10 μm, with the mean diameters of 0.5, 1.5, and 1.0 μm before, during, and after the dust storm, respectively. The critical size of the mineral particles settling on the surface in the current case was about 0.3–0.4 μm before the dust storm and about 0.5–0.7 μm during the dust storm. Particles that appeared in high concentration but were smaller than the critical size deposited onto the surface at a small number flux. The elements Al, Si and Mg were frequently detected in all samples, indicating the dominance of mineral particles. The frequency of Al in particles collected before the dust storm was significantly lower than for those collected during and after the dust storm. The frequencies of Cl and Fe did not show obvious changes, while those of S, K and Ca decreased after the dust arrival. These results indicate that the dust particles deposited onto the surface were less influenced by anthropogenic pollutants in terms of particle number.展开更多
Rare earth and trace elements are determined for cassiterite from a vein-type orebody , a lens and a sheeted-type orebody in the Dachang Sn-polymetallic ore field ,Guangxi Province .Cassiterite from the vein-type oreb...Rare earth and trace elements are determined for cassiterite from a vein-type orebody , a lens and a sheeted-type orebody in the Dachang Sn-polymetallic ore field ,Guangxi Province .Cassiterite from the vein-type orebody has rare earth and trace dement characteristics similar to that of Dachang biotite granite of Late Yanshan age, showing an inheritable and a genetic relationship. Cassiterites from the kns and sheeted-vein orebody have rare earth and trace element characteristics greatly different from those of the vein-type cassiterite and the granite,showing distinctly higher contents of the ore-forming elements As, Sb,Zn,Ag etc.and a positive Eu anomaly and a negative Ce anomaly.The difference of rare earth and trace element characteristics for cassiterite from two kinds of orebodies reflects the compositional difference of ore-forming solutions. Authors suggest that the kns and sheeted-vein orebody was of nonmagmatic , mixed with underground hot brine origin , and that this kind of hot brine reacted with Devonian and Predevonian older strata and extraced some ore-forming metals from the strata and finaly empbced along the bedding and interbyer fracture zone etc. on its ascending way driven by the Indonisian orogenic movement . The vein-type orebody was formed chiefly by post-magmatic hydrothermal sobtions derived from magma differentiation of the Dachang biotite granite .展开更多
The zircon ore deposit in metasediments and peralkaline granite of the Kyemyeongsan Formation is located in southwest of Chungju city, Korea. The deposit, closely associated with REE and Nb,is composed of metasomatic ...The zircon ore deposit in metasediments and peralkaline granite of the Kyemyeongsan Formation is located in southwest of Chungju city, Korea. The deposit, closely associated with REE and Nb,is composed of metasomatic alkaline rocks and rare metal alkali granite, and was formed in late Carboniferous (340～343Ma). Zircon occurs in different paragenetic sequence: (1) earlier rare metal alkali granite, (2) later metasomatic zircon ore. The metasomatic zone contains abundant microcline, albite and quartz with minor biotite, magnetite, hornblende, allanite and zircon. The alkali granites have high silica (72.13～74.52wt.% as SiO 2), and total iron content (5.95～6.89%), and are characterized by low Al 2O 3 content (7.12～9.74%). They also show variable K 2O content (3.60～6.98%), and high ratios of K 2O/Na 2O. The REE patterns of rare metal alkali granite are similar to those of felsic volcanics from rifts, or back arc basins in, or near continental crust. Zircon ores are characterized by high iron content and low Al 2O 3, SiO 2, and K 2O content and have unusually high total REE content (0.18～2.33%). REE patterns show relatively flat to somewhat heavy REE (HREE) depleted characteristics (Ce/Yb=0.39～5.17) with large Eu negative anomaly (Eu/Eu *=0.16～0.29). Laser ablation microprobe inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (LAM ICP MS) analyses has been carried on zircon. The REE patterns of mineral zircons are almost the same to those of zircon ores and rare metal alkali granites, which may reflect the inability of zircons to effectively fractionated REE at formation of origin. The Sm Nd isochron age of the zircon ore and rare metal alkali granite are 330Ma, and 331Ma, respectively with ε Nd(t) being range from -2.00 to -1.84. This data suggest that the ore forming material came from the mantle. Alkali granite has suffered extensive post magmatic metasomatism of a high temperature to produce zircon ores. Geochemical characteristics show that metasomatism of alkaline fluid was probably the dominant ore forming process in Chungju district.展开更多
The Cr-/Si-modified Ni Al Hf coatings were produced on single-crystal（SC） superalloy N5 by electron beam physical vapor deposition（EB-PVD）. The cyclic oxidation behavior of the coatings at 1100 °C was investi...The Cr-/Si-modified Ni Al Hf coatings were produced on single-crystal（SC） superalloy N5 by electron beam physical vapor deposition（EB-PVD）. The cyclic oxidation behavior of the coatings at 1100 °C was investigated. The microstructures of the oxide scales grown on the coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscope（SEM） with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum（EDX）,electron probe micro-analyzer（EPMA） and X-ray diffraction（XRD）. The effects of Cr and Si on the cyclic oxidation behavior of the Ni Al Hf coatings were discussed. The addition of Si to the Ni Al Hf Cr coating not only reduces the oxidation rate but also enhances the oxide scale adherence.Owing to the addition of Si in the coating, the segregation of Cr and Mo beneath the oxide scale is effectively avoided,which contributes to enhancing oxide scale adherence.展开更多
The Dongsha submarine canyon is a large canyon belonging to a group of canyons on the northeastern South China Sea margin Investigation of the Dongsha canyon is important for understanding the origin of this canyon gr...The Dongsha submarine canyon is a large canyon belonging to a group of canyons on the northeastern South China Sea margin Investigation of the Dongsha canyon is important for understanding the origin of this canyon group as well as the transport mechanism of sediments on the margin, and the evolution of the Taixinan foreland basin and the associated Taiwan orogenic belt. In this study, the morphology, sedimentary characteristics, and origin of the Dongsha canyon were investigated by inte- grating high-resolution multi-channel seismic reflection profiles and high-precision multibeam bathymetric data. This is a slope-confined canyon that originates in the upper slope east of the Dongsha Islands, extends downslope in the SEE direction, and finally merges with the South Taiwan Shoal canyon at a water depth of 3000 m. The total length and average width of the canyon are around 190 and 10 km, respectively. Eleven seismic sequence boundaries within the canyon fills were identified and interpreted as incision surfaces of the canyon. In the canyon fills, four types of seismic facies were defined： parallel onlap fill, chaotic fill, mounded divergent facies, and migrated wavy facies. The parallel onlap fill facies is interpreted as altemating coarser turbidites or other gravity-flow deposits and fine hemipelagic sediments filling the canyon valley. The chaotic fill faci- es is presumed to be debrites and/or basal lag deposits filling the thalwegs. The mounded divergent and migrated wavy seismic facies can be explained as canyon levees consisting mainly of overspilled fine turbidites and sediment waves on the levees or on the canyon-mouth submarine fans. Age correlation between the sequence boundaries and the ODP Site 1144 data suggests that the Dongsha canyon was initiated at approximately 0.9 Ma in the middle Pleistocene. Mapping of the canyon indicates that the canyon originated at the upstream portion of the middle reach of the modem canyon, and has been continuously expanding both upstream and downstream by retrogressive erosion, incision, and deposition of turbidity currents and other gravity transport processes. The ages of the sequence boundaries representing major canyon incision events are in good agreement with those of global sea-level lowstands, indicating that sea-level changes may have played an important role in the canyon＇s development. The Dongsha canyon developed in a region with an active tectonic background characterized by the Taiwan up- lifting and the development of the Taixinan foreland basin. However, no evidence suggests that the canyon formation is directly associated with local or regional faulting and magmatic activities. Turbidity currents and other gravity transport processes （includ- ing submarine slides and slumps） may have had an important influence on the formation and evolution of the canyon.展开更多
Modelling of the agglomeration and deposition on a constricted tube collector of colloidal size particles immersed in a liquid is investigated using the discrete element method （DEM）. The ability of this method to r...Modelling of the agglomeration and deposition on a constricted tube collector of colloidal size particles immersed in a liquid is investigated using the discrete element method （DEM）. The ability of this method to represent surface interactions allows the simulation of agglomeration and deposition at the particle scale. The numerical model adopts a mechanistic approach to represent the forces involved in colloidal suspensions by including near-wall drag retardation, surface interaction and Brownian forces. The model is implemented using the commercially available DEM package EDEM 2.3~, so that results can be repli- cated in a standard and user-friendly framework. The effects of various particle-to-collector size ratios, inlet fluid flow-rates and particle concentrations are examined and it is found that deposition efficiency is strongly dependent on the inter-relation of these parameters. Particle deposition and re-suspension mechanisms have been identified and analyzed thanks to EDEM＇s post processing capability. One-way coupling with computational fluid dynamics （CFD） is considered and results are compared with a two- way coupling between EDEM 2.3 and FLUENT 12.1. It is found that two-way coupling requires circa 500% more time than one-way coupling for similar results.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41102059 and 91328201the National Science and Technology Major Project of China under contract No.2017ZX05032-001
文摘In the past few years, three-dimensional（3-D） seismogram has become an essential tool for the interpretation of subsurface stratigraphy and depositional systems. Seismic stratigraphy in conjunction with seismic geomorphology has elevated the degree to which seismic data can facilitate geological interpretation, especially in a deepwater environment. Technologies such as time slicing and interval attribute analysis can enhance geomorphological interpretations, and, when integrated with stratigraphic analyses, can yield insights regarding distribution of seal and reservoir facies. Multiple attributes corendering can further bring out features of geological interest that other technologies may overlook. This method involves corender spectral decomposition components（SDC） with semblance attributes to describe the distribution of deepwater channel elements and the boundaries of deepwater sinuous channel. Applying this technology to four elements is observed：（1） point-bars,（2） migration of channel meander loops,（3） channel erosion/cut, and（4） avulsion. The planview expression of the deepwater channel ranges from low sinuosity to high sinuosity. Furthermore, this technology has enabled interpreters to visualize details of complex depositional elements and can be used to predict net-to-gross ratio in channel systems, which can be incorporated into borehole planning for exploration as well as development needs to improve risk management significantly. The technology is applied to the study area in an effort to illustrate the variety of interpretation technologies available to the geoscientist.
基金fnancial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42176209)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2021MD064).
文摘Cu–Ni and Cu–Co–Ni superhydrophobic films were constructed on the surface of B10 copper–nickel alloy welded joints using a two-step process of electrodeposition and stearic acid modification.The chemical composition of the film surface was determined using surface characterization techniques.The corrosion resistance of the films was characterized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,potentiodynamic polarization,and scanning Kelvin probe microscopy at multiple scales.The thermal stability,mechanical stability,and self-cleaning properties of the films were also characterized.It was determined that the Cu–Co–Ni superhydrophobic film exhibited the best performance,with a static water contact angle of 159.3°,a roll-off angle of 2.3°,a charge transfer resistance 3300 times higher than the substrate,a self-corrosion current density nearly three orders of magnitude lower,and a surface Kelvin potential increase of 420 mV.The film demonstrated good thermal stability,excellent mechanical stability,and outstanding self-cleaning properties.Combining with previous studies,it was found that Co elements in the film contribute to the formation of a uniform and dense film,Ni elements enhance the adhesion and corrosion resistance between the films,and the combination of Co and Ni elements promotes uniform surface potential and further improves the corrosion resistance and interfilm adhesion of the films.
基金the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (2006CB403202)the Doctoral Discipline Foundation of Guizhou University
文摘A new type of rare earth elements （REEs） deposit was discovered from the gaolinite mudstone in the weathering crust of Permian basalt, Bijie region, western Guizhou, China. It contained ∑RE2O3 0.065%-1.086%. This type of REEs deposit was widely distributed with steady horizon and thickness of 3-4 m. The ore-bearing weathering crust （kaolinite） of the three discovered REEs deposits belonged to the third episode of the Emeishan basalt eruption. The new type of REEs deposit was suggested that basalt （tuff） weathering could lead to the enrichment of the rare earth elements. Therefore, it is of important economic significance to explore REEs deposits in the weathering crust of basalt （tuffs） in Yunnan, Guizhou, and Sichuan Provinces.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No.2013CB228503)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.91544214,21190052,41121004,41541038)the Education Bureau of Hebei Province for Excellent Young Scholars (No.YQ2014020)
文摘Dry-deposited particles were collected during the passage of an extremely strong dust storm in March, 2010 at a coastal site in Qingdao（36.15°N, 120.49°E）, a city located in Eastern China. The size, morphology, and elemental composition of the particles were quantified with a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray instrument（SEM–EDX）. The particles appeared in various shapes, and their size mainly varied from 0.4to 10 μm, with the mean diameters of 0.5, 1.5, and 1.0 μm before, during, and after the dust storm, respectively. The critical size of the mineral particles settling on the surface in the current case was about 0.3–0.4 μm before the dust storm and about 0.5–0.7 μm during the dust storm. Particles that appeared in high concentration but were smaller than the critical size deposited onto the surface at a small number flux. The elements Al, Si and Mg were frequently detected in all samples, indicating the dominance of mineral particles. The frequency of Al in particles collected before the dust storm was significantly lower than for those collected during and after the dust storm. The frequencies of Cl and Fe did not show obvious changes, while those of S, K and Ca decreased after the dust arrival. These results indicate that the dust particles deposited onto the surface were less influenced by anthropogenic pollutants in terms of particle number.
基金The project is supported by Professional Foundation of Geology Carl Duesberg Gesellschaft
文摘Rare earth and trace elements are determined for cassiterite from a vein-type orebody , a lens and a sheeted-type orebody in the Dachang Sn-polymetallic ore field ,Guangxi Province .Cassiterite from the vein-type orebody has rare earth and trace dement characteristics similar to that of Dachang biotite granite of Late Yanshan age, showing an inheritable and a genetic relationship. Cassiterites from the kns and sheeted-vein orebody have rare earth and trace element characteristics greatly different from those of the vein-type cassiterite and the granite,showing distinctly higher contents of the ore-forming elements As, Sb,Zn,Ag etc.and a positive Eu anomaly and a negative Ce anomaly.The difference of rare earth and trace element characteristics for cassiterite from two kinds of orebodies reflects the compositional difference of ore-forming solutions. Authors suggest that the kns and sheeted-vein orebody was of nonmagmatic , mixed with underground hot brine origin , and that this kind of hot brine reacted with Devonian and Predevonian older strata and extraced some ore-forming metals from the strata and finaly empbced along the bedding and interbyer fracture zone etc. on its ascending way driven by the Indonisian orogenic movement . The vein-type orebody was formed chiefly by post-magmatic hydrothermal sobtions derived from magma differentiation of the Dachang biotite granite .
文摘The zircon ore deposit in metasediments and peralkaline granite of the Kyemyeongsan Formation is located in southwest of Chungju city, Korea. The deposit, closely associated with REE and Nb,is composed of metasomatic alkaline rocks and rare metal alkali granite, and was formed in late Carboniferous (340～343Ma). Zircon occurs in different paragenetic sequence: (1) earlier rare metal alkali granite, (2) later metasomatic zircon ore. The metasomatic zone contains abundant microcline, albite and quartz with minor biotite, magnetite, hornblende, allanite and zircon. The alkali granites have high silica (72.13～74.52wt.% as SiO 2), and total iron content (5.95～6.89%), and are characterized by low Al 2O 3 content (7.12～9.74%). They also show variable K 2O content (3.60～6.98%), and high ratios of K 2O/Na 2O. The REE patterns of rare metal alkali granite are similar to those of felsic volcanics from rifts, or back arc basins in, or near continental crust. Zircon ores are characterized by high iron content and low Al 2O 3, SiO 2, and K 2O content and have unusually high total REE content (0.18～2.33%). REE patterns show relatively flat to somewhat heavy REE (HREE) depleted characteristics (Ce/Yb=0.39～5.17) with large Eu negative anomaly (Eu/Eu *=0.16～0.29). Laser ablation microprobe inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (LAM ICP MS) analyses has been carried on zircon. The REE patterns of mineral zircons are almost the same to those of zircon ores and rare metal alkali granites, which may reflect the inability of zircons to effectively fractionated REE at formation of origin. The Sm Nd isochron age of the zircon ore and rare metal alkali granite are 330Ma, and 331Ma, respectively with ε Nd(t) being range from -2.00 to -1.84. This data suggest that the ore forming material came from the mantle. Alkali granite has suffered extensive post magmatic metasomatism of a high temperature to produce zircon ores. Geochemical characteristics show that metasomatism of alkaline fluid was probably the dominant ore forming process in Chungju district.
基金financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Nos. 2012CB625100 and 2010CB631200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51231001)
文摘The Cr-/Si-modified Ni Al Hf coatings were produced on single-crystal（SC） superalloy N5 by electron beam physical vapor deposition（EB-PVD）. The cyclic oxidation behavior of the coatings at 1100 °C was investigated. The microstructures of the oxide scales grown on the coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscope（SEM） with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum（EDX）,electron probe micro-analyzer（EPMA） and X-ray diffraction（XRD）. The effects of Cr and Si on the cyclic oxidation behavior of the Ni Al Hf coatings were discussed. The addition of Si to the Ni Al Hf Cr coating not only reduces the oxidation rate but also enhances the oxide scale adherence.Owing to the addition of Si in the coating, the segregation of Cr and Mo beneath the oxide scale is effectively avoided,which contributes to enhancing oxide scale adherence.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.91028003,41076020)the Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey(GMGS)(Grant No.GZH2011003-05)
文摘The Dongsha submarine canyon is a large canyon belonging to a group of canyons on the northeastern South China Sea margin Investigation of the Dongsha canyon is important for understanding the origin of this canyon group as well as the transport mechanism of sediments on the margin, and the evolution of the Taixinan foreland basin and the associated Taiwan orogenic belt. In this study, the morphology, sedimentary characteristics, and origin of the Dongsha canyon were investigated by inte- grating high-resolution multi-channel seismic reflection profiles and high-precision multibeam bathymetric data. This is a slope-confined canyon that originates in the upper slope east of the Dongsha Islands, extends downslope in the SEE direction, and finally merges with the South Taiwan Shoal canyon at a water depth of 3000 m. The total length and average width of the canyon are around 190 and 10 km, respectively. Eleven seismic sequence boundaries within the canyon fills were identified and interpreted as incision surfaces of the canyon. In the canyon fills, four types of seismic facies were defined： parallel onlap fill, chaotic fill, mounded divergent facies, and migrated wavy facies. The parallel onlap fill facies is interpreted as altemating coarser turbidites or other gravity-flow deposits and fine hemipelagic sediments filling the canyon valley. The chaotic fill faci- es is presumed to be debrites and/or basal lag deposits filling the thalwegs. The mounded divergent and migrated wavy seismic facies can be explained as canyon levees consisting mainly of overspilled fine turbidites and sediment waves on the levees or on the canyon-mouth submarine fans. Age correlation between the sequence boundaries and the ODP Site 1144 data suggests that the Dongsha canyon was initiated at approximately 0.9 Ma in the middle Pleistocene. Mapping of the canyon indicates that the canyon originated at the upstream portion of the middle reach of the modem canyon, and has been continuously expanding both upstream and downstream by retrogressive erosion, incision, and deposition of turbidity currents and other gravity transport processes. The ages of the sequence boundaries representing major canyon incision events are in good agreement with those of global sea-level lowstands, indicating that sea-level changes may have played an important role in the canyon＇s development. The Dongsha canyon developed in a region with an active tectonic background characterized by the Taiwan up- lifting and the development of the Taixinan foreland basin. However, no evidence suggests that the canyon formation is directly associated with local or regional faulting and magmatic activities. Turbidity currents and other gravity transport processes （includ- ing submarine slides and slumps） may have had an important influence on the formation and evolution of the canyon.
文摘Modelling of the agglomeration and deposition on a constricted tube collector of colloidal size particles immersed in a liquid is investigated using the discrete element method （DEM）. The ability of this method to represent surface interactions allows the simulation of agglomeration and deposition at the particle scale. The numerical model adopts a mechanistic approach to represent the forces involved in colloidal suspensions by including near-wall drag retardation, surface interaction and Brownian forces. The model is implemented using the commercially available DEM package EDEM 2.3~, so that results can be repli- cated in a standard and user-friendly framework. The effects of various particle-to-collector size ratios, inlet fluid flow-rates and particle concentrations are examined and it is found that deposition efficiency is strongly dependent on the inter-relation of these parameters. Particle deposition and re-suspension mechanisms have been identified and analyzed thanks to EDEM＇s post processing capability. One-way coupling with computational fluid dynamics （CFD） is considered and results are compared with a two- way coupling between EDEM 2.3 and FLUENT 12.1. It is found that two-way coupling requires circa 500% more time than one-way coupling for similar results.
