Deposition/dissolution-type cathodes can enable aqueous batteries to achieve high volumetric energy density,making them promising for large-scale energy storage systems(ESSs).However,developing low-cost materials with...Deposition/dissolution-type cathodes can enable aqueous batteries to achieve high volumetric energy density,making them promising for large-scale energy storage systems(ESSs).However,developing low-cost materials with high deposition/dissolution efficiency remains challenging.Iron(Fe),the fourth most abundant element in the Earth’s crust,offers a cost-effective solution.Designing a battery system based on deposition/dissolution-type Fe cathode could significantly reduce EES costs.Inspired by this,a battery system with 1 M ZnSO_(4)+1 M FeSO_(4)+0.01 M H_(2)SO_(4)(ZFH)electrolyte,graphite felt(GF)collector,and zinc anode is designed.As a result,the constructed half-cell exhibits a high cathode deposition/dissolution efficiency of about 100%and a flat discharge platform of 0.34 V vs.Ag/AgCl.Coupled with the zinc(Zn)anode,the Zn//GF full-cell stable cycling for over 2300 times with nearly 100%efficiency in the ZFH electrolyte.The discharging voltage reaches approximately 1.0 V at 5 mA·cm^(-2).The electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance(EQCM)measurement combined with other technologies reveals the transformation mechanism between the Fe^(2+)and FeOOH·0.5H_(2)O on the GF cathode during electrochemical cycling.This strategy further reduces cost by adopting cheap elements,giving new insights into the cost-effective large-scale electrochemical energy storage systems.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22279063)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.63241519)Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(No.22JCYBJC00590).
文摘Deposition/dissolution-type cathodes can enable aqueous batteries to achieve high volumetric energy density,making them promising for large-scale energy storage systems(ESSs).However,developing low-cost materials with high deposition/dissolution efficiency remains challenging.Iron(Fe),the fourth most abundant element in the Earth’s crust,offers a cost-effective solution.Designing a battery system based on deposition/dissolution-type Fe cathode could significantly reduce EES costs.Inspired by this,a battery system with 1 M ZnSO_(4)+1 M FeSO_(4)+0.01 M H_(2)SO_(4)(ZFH)electrolyte,graphite felt(GF)collector,and zinc anode is designed.As a result,the constructed half-cell exhibits a high cathode deposition/dissolution efficiency of about 100%and a flat discharge platform of 0.34 V vs.Ag/AgCl.Coupled with the zinc(Zn)anode,the Zn//GF full-cell stable cycling for over 2300 times with nearly 100%efficiency in the ZFH electrolyte.The discharging voltage reaches approximately 1.0 V at 5 mA·cm^(-2).The electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance(EQCM)measurement combined with other technologies reveals the transformation mechanism between the Fe^(2+)and FeOOH·0.5H_(2)O on the GF cathode during electrochemical cycling.This strategy further reduces cost by adopting cheap elements,giving new insights into the cost-effective large-scale electrochemical energy storage systems.
