We compare the jet-path length and beam-energy dependence of the pion nuclear modification factor and a patton-jet nuclear modification factor at RHIC and LHC, and contrast the predictions based on a linear pQCD and a...We compare the jet-path length and beam-energy dependence of the pion nuclear modification factor and a patton-jet nuclear modification factor at RHIC and LHC, and contrast the predictions based on a linear pQCD and a highly non-linear hybrid AdS holographic model of jet-energy loss. It is found that both models require a reduction of the jet-medium coupling from RHIC to LHC to account for the measured pion nuclear modification factor. In the case of the parton-jet nuclear modification factor, however, which serves as a lower bound for the LO jet nuclear modification factor of reconstructed jets, the extracted data can be characterized without a reduced jet-medium coupling at LHC energies. It is concluded that when the reconstructed jets are sensitive to both quarks and gluons and thus provide more information than the pion nuclear modification factor, their information regarding the jet-medium coupling is limited due to the superposition with NLO and medium effects. Hence, a detailed description of the underlying physics requires both the leading hadron and the reconstructed jet nuclear modification factor. Unfortunately, the results for both the pion and the parton-jet nuclear modification factor are insensitive to the jet-path dependence of the models considered.展开更多
BACKGROUND Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate dependent Rac exchange factor 1(PREX1)was reported to be overexpressed in some cancers and involved in cancer development,but its expression and significance in gast...BACKGROUND Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate dependent Rac exchange factor 1(PREX1)was reported to be overexpressed in some cancers and involved in cancer development,but its expression and significance in gastric cancer remain unclear.AIM To evaluate the expression of PREX1 in gastric cancer and its significance in the development of gastric cancer,especially to evaluate the potential mechanism of PREX1 in gastric cancer.METHODS Bioinformatic analysis was performed in order to examine the expression of PREX1 in gastric cancer.The relationship between the survival rate of gastric cancer patients and PREX1 expression was assessed by Kaplan Meier portal.The Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and the correlation between PREX1 and transforming growth factor(TGF)β1 pathway-related mediators were evaluated by cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics.Western blotting and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay were used to test the role of TGFβ1 on the expression of PREX1.Western blotting and dual-luciferase reporter system was used to evaluate the effect of PREX1 on the activation of TGFβ1 pathway.Wound healing and Transwell assay were used to assess the effect of PREX1 on the metastasis activity of gastric cancer cells.RESULTS PREX1 was overexpressed in the gastric tumors,and the expression levels were positively associated with the development of gastric cancer.Also,the high expression of PREX1 revealed poor prognosis,especially for those advanced and specific intestinal gastric cancer patients.PREX1 was closely involved in the positive regulation of cell adhesion and positively correlated with TGFβ1-related mediators.Furthermore,TGFβ1 could induce the expression of PREX1 at both the protein and mRNA level.Also,PREX1 could activate the TGFβ1 pathway.The induced PREX1 could increase the migration and invasion activity of gastric cancer cells.CONCLUSION PREX1 is overexpressed in gastric cancer,and the high level of PREX1 predicts poor prognosis.PREX1 is closely associated with TGFβsignaling and promotes the metastasis of gastric cancer cells.展开更多
BACKGROUND Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate dependent Rac exchange factor 1(PRex1)was reported to be a risk factor in several cancers,including breast cancer,lung cancer,and melanoma,but its expression and rol...BACKGROUND Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate dependent Rac exchange factor 1(PRex1)was reported to be a risk factor in several cancers,including breast cancer,lung cancer,and melanoma,but its expression and role in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)have not yet been fully studied.AIM To explore the expression of P-Rex1 in HCC,and further evaluate its potential application in the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC,especially in hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related patients.METHODS P-Rex1 expression in HCC was evaluated by real-time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction.The expression of P-Rex1 was subjected to correlation analysis with clinical features,such as lymph node invasion,distant metastasis,HBV infection,patient’s age and gender.Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to examine the potential role of P-Rex1 as a diagnostic biomarker in HCC.Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to determine the association between P-Rex1 expression and overall survival,progression-free survival and relapse-free survival.Bioinformatic analysis was used to validate the clinical findings.RESULTS P-Rex1 expression was significantly increased in HCC tumors than adjacent tissues.The expression of P-Rex1 was higher in HCC patients with lymph node invasion,distant metastasis,HBV infection and positive alpha-fetoprotein,respectively.The receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that P-Rex1 was a diagnostic biomarker with a higher area under the curve value,especially in patients with HBV infection.Survival analysis showed that patients with higher P-Rex1 expression had a favorable survival rate,even in early-stage patients.CONCLUSION P-Rex1 expression was highly increased in HCC,and the expression level of PRex1 was positively correlated with tumor progression.P-Rex1 has a higher efficiency in the diagnosis of HBV-related HCC,and could also be used as a favorable prognostic factor for HCC patients.展开更多
This paper summarizes the main instrumental and methodological points of the tidal research which was performed in the framework of the National Scientific Research Fund Project K101603. Since the project is still run...This paper summarizes the main instrumental and methodological points of the tidal research which was performed in the framework of the National Scientific Research Fund Project K101603. Since the project is still running the tidal analysis results published here are only preliminary. Unmodelled tidal effects have been highlighted in some recent absolute gravity measurements carried out in the Pannonian basin resulting in a periodic modulation exceeding the typical standard deviations （±1microGal） of the drop sets. Since the most dominant source of the daily gravity variation is the bulk tidal effect, the goal of the project is to check its location dependency at BGal level. Unfortunately Hungary has had no dedicated instrumentation, so an effort was made to make the available LaCoste- Romberg spring G meters capable for continuous recording. As a reference instrument the GWR SG025 operated in the Conrad Observatory, Austria was also used and in the mean time of the project, a Scintrex CG-5 became also available, Eventually 6 instruments at 5 different locations were operated for 3 9 months mainly in co-located configuration. Although many experiments （moving mass calibrations） were done to determine the scale factors and scale functions of the instruments, the direct comparison of the tidal parameters obtained from the observations is still questionable. Therefore the ratio of the delta factors of O1 and M2 tidal constituents was investigated supposing that M2 is much more influenced by the ocean loading effect than O1. The slight detected increase of δ（O1 ）/δ（M2） （≈0.2%） toward east does not contradict to theory. This result has to be validated in the near future by analyzing available ocean loading models.展开更多
We study cos 2φ azimuthal asymmetry in doubly longitudinally polarized proton-proton Drell-Yan collisions within the transverse momentum dependent factorization framework.The asymmetry arises from the convolution of ...We study cos 2φ azimuthal asymmetry in doubly longitudinally polarized proton-proton Drell-Yan collisions within the transverse momentum dependent factorization framework.The asymmetry arises from the convolution of the longitudinal transversity distribution h_(1L)^(⊥)for both protons.Using the Bacchetta-Delcarro-Pisano-RadiciSignori parameterization for the nonperturbative Sudakov form factor and the Wandzura-Wilczek approximation for collinear h_(1L)^(⊥),we predict the double spin asymmetry ALLcos2 φ at RHIC and NIC A kinematics.Our results demonstrate sensitivity to sea quark distributions,with the asymmetry reaching up to 25% for maximal sea quark contributions.These predictions highlight the potential of polarized Drell-Yan measurements to probe sea quark dynamics and advance our understanding of nucleon structures.展开更多
This paper is concerned with the convergence of a sequence of discrete-time Markov decision processes(DTMDPs)with constraints,state-action dependent discount factors,and possibly unbounded costs.Using the convex analy...This paper is concerned with the convergence of a sequence of discrete-time Markov decision processes(DTMDPs)with constraints,state-action dependent discount factors,and possibly unbounded costs.Using the convex analytic approach under mild conditions,we prove that the optimal values and optimal policies of the original DTMDPs converge to those of the"limit"one.Furthermore,we show that any countablestate DTMDP can be approximated by a sequence of finite-state DTMDPs,which are constructed using the truncation technique.Finally,we illustrate the approximation by solving a controlled queueing system numerically,and give the corresponding error bound of the approximation.展开更多
The high mutation rate of SARS-CoV-2 leads to the emergence of multiple variants,some of which are resistant to vaccines and drugs targeting viral elements.Targeting host dependency factors,e.g.cellular proteins requi...The high mutation rate of SARS-CoV-2 leads to the emergence of multiple variants,some of which are resistant to vaccines and drugs targeting viral elements.Targeting host dependency factors,e.g.cellular proteins required for viral replication,would help prevent the development of resistance.However,it remains unclear whether different SARS-CoV-2 variants induce conserved cellular responses and exploit the same core host factors.To this end,we compared three variants of concern and found that the host transcriptional response was conserved,differing only in kinetics and magnitude.Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats screening identified host genes required for each variant during infection.Most of the genes were shared by multiple variants.We validated our hits with small molecules and repurposed the US Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs.All the drugs were highly active against all the tested variants,including new variants that emerged during the study(Delta and Omicron).Mechanistically,we identified reactive oxygen species production as a key step in early viral replication.Antioxidants such as N-acetyl cysteine(NAC)were effective against all the variants in both human lung cells and a humanized mouse model.Our study supports the use of available antioxidant drugs,such as NAC,as a general and effective anti-COVID-19 approach.展开更多
Nuclear receptors(NRs)are a large family of ligand-dependent transcription factors that regulate the expression of a wide range of target genes in response to endogenous and exogenous ligands,including steroid hormone...Nuclear receptors(NRs)are a large family of ligand-dependent transcription factors that regulate the expression of a wide range of target genes in response to endogenous and exogenous ligands,including steroid hormones,thyroid hormone,vitamin D,retinoic acid,fatty acids,and oxidative steroids.Upon ligand binding,nuclear receptors form dimer complexes with transcriptional cofactors,which interact with specific DNA sequences in the promoter or enhancer regions of target genes to modulate gene expression.This process plays a crucial role in many physiological processes such as reproduction,development,immune responses,metabolism,and homeostasis.Dysregulation of nuclear receptor signaling is implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases,including cancers,metabolic disorders,cardiovascular diseases,and autoimmune conditions.展开更多
We study the Markov decision processes under the average-value-at-risk criterion.The state space and the action space are Borel spaces,the costs are admitted to be unbounded from above,and the discount factors are sta...We study the Markov decision processes under the average-value-at-risk criterion.The state space and the action space are Borel spaces,the costs are admitted to be unbounded from above,and the discount factors are state-action dependent.Under suitable conditions,we establish the existence of optimal deterministic stationary policies.Furthermore,we apply our main results to a cash-balance model.展开更多
基金Supported by the Helmholtz International Centre for FAIR within the Framework of the LOEWE Programthe US-DOE Nuclear Science under Grant Nos DE-FG02-93ER40764 and DE-AC02-05CH11231
文摘We compare the jet-path length and beam-energy dependence of the pion nuclear modification factor and a patton-jet nuclear modification factor at RHIC and LHC, and contrast the predictions based on a linear pQCD and a highly non-linear hybrid AdS holographic model of jet-energy loss. It is found that both models require a reduction of the jet-medium coupling from RHIC to LHC to account for the measured pion nuclear modification factor. In the case of the parton-jet nuclear modification factor, however, which serves as a lower bound for the LO jet nuclear modification factor of reconstructed jets, the extracted data can be characterized without a reduced jet-medium coupling at LHC energies. It is concluded that when the reconstructed jets are sensitive to both quarks and gluons and thus provide more information than the pion nuclear modification factor, their information regarding the jet-medium coupling is limited due to the superposition with NLO and medium effects. Hence, a detailed description of the underlying physics requires both the leading hadron and the reconstructed jet nuclear modification factor. Unfortunately, the results for both the pion and the parton-jet nuclear modification factor are insensitive to the jet-path dependence of the models considered.
文摘BACKGROUND Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate dependent Rac exchange factor 1(PREX1)was reported to be overexpressed in some cancers and involved in cancer development,but its expression and significance in gastric cancer remain unclear.AIM To evaluate the expression of PREX1 in gastric cancer and its significance in the development of gastric cancer,especially to evaluate the potential mechanism of PREX1 in gastric cancer.METHODS Bioinformatic analysis was performed in order to examine the expression of PREX1 in gastric cancer.The relationship between the survival rate of gastric cancer patients and PREX1 expression was assessed by Kaplan Meier portal.The Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and the correlation between PREX1 and transforming growth factor(TGF)β1 pathway-related mediators were evaluated by cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics.Western blotting and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay were used to test the role of TGFβ1 on the expression of PREX1.Western blotting and dual-luciferase reporter system was used to evaluate the effect of PREX1 on the activation of TGFβ1 pathway.Wound healing and Transwell assay were used to assess the effect of PREX1 on the metastasis activity of gastric cancer cells.RESULTS PREX1 was overexpressed in the gastric tumors,and the expression levels were positively associated with the development of gastric cancer.Also,the high expression of PREX1 revealed poor prognosis,especially for those advanced and specific intestinal gastric cancer patients.PREX1 was closely involved in the positive regulation of cell adhesion and positively correlated with TGFβ1-related mediators.Furthermore,TGFβ1 could induce the expression of PREX1 at both the protein and mRNA level.Also,PREX1 could activate the TGFβ1 pathway.The induced PREX1 could increase the migration and invasion activity of gastric cancer cells.CONCLUSION PREX1 is overexpressed in gastric cancer,and the high level of PREX1 predicts poor prognosis.PREX1 is closely associated with TGFβsignaling and promotes the metastasis of gastric cancer cells.
文摘BACKGROUND Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate dependent Rac exchange factor 1(PRex1)was reported to be a risk factor in several cancers,including breast cancer,lung cancer,and melanoma,but its expression and role in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)have not yet been fully studied.AIM To explore the expression of P-Rex1 in HCC,and further evaluate its potential application in the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC,especially in hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related patients.METHODS P-Rex1 expression in HCC was evaluated by real-time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction.The expression of P-Rex1 was subjected to correlation analysis with clinical features,such as lymph node invasion,distant metastasis,HBV infection,patient’s age and gender.Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to examine the potential role of P-Rex1 as a diagnostic biomarker in HCC.Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to determine the association between P-Rex1 expression and overall survival,progression-free survival and relapse-free survival.Bioinformatic analysis was used to validate the clinical findings.RESULTS P-Rex1 expression was significantly increased in HCC tumors than adjacent tissues.The expression of P-Rex1 was higher in HCC patients with lymph node invasion,distant metastasis,HBV infection and positive alpha-fetoprotein,respectively.The receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that P-Rex1 was a diagnostic biomarker with a higher area under the curve value,especially in patients with HBV infection.Survival analysis showed that patients with higher P-Rex1 expression had a favorable survival rate,even in early-stage patients.CONCLUSION P-Rex1 expression was highly increased in HCC,and the expression level of PRex1 was positively correlated with tumor progression.P-Rex1 has a higher efficiency in the diagnosis of HBV-related HCC,and could also be used as a favorable prognostic factor for HCC patients.
基金the financial support of NKFIH-OTKA in the framework of contract K101603
文摘This paper summarizes the main instrumental and methodological points of the tidal research which was performed in the framework of the National Scientific Research Fund Project K101603. Since the project is still running the tidal analysis results published here are only preliminary. Unmodelled tidal effects have been highlighted in some recent absolute gravity measurements carried out in the Pannonian basin resulting in a periodic modulation exceeding the typical standard deviations （±1microGal） of the drop sets. Since the most dominant source of the daily gravity variation is the bulk tidal effect, the goal of the project is to check its location dependency at BGal level. Unfortunately Hungary has had no dedicated instrumentation, so an effort was made to make the available LaCoste- Romberg spring G meters capable for continuous recording. As a reference instrument the GWR SG025 operated in the Conrad Observatory, Austria was also used and in the mean time of the project, a Scintrex CG-5 became also available, Eventually 6 instruments at 5 different locations were operated for 3 9 months mainly in co-located configuration. Although many experiments （moving mass calibrations） were done to determine the scale factors and scale functions of the instruments, the direct comparison of the tidal parameters obtained from the observations is still questionable. Therefore the ratio of the delta factors of O1 and M2 tidal constituents was investigated supposing that M2 is much more influenced by the ocean loading effect than O1. The slight detected increase of δ（O1 ）/δ（M2） （≈0.2%） toward east does not contradict to theory. This result has to be validated in the near future by analyzing available ocean loading models.
基金supported by Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(202203021222224)Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Normal University(JCYJ2023021)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(242300421377,232300421140)。
文摘We study cos 2φ azimuthal asymmetry in doubly longitudinally polarized proton-proton Drell-Yan collisions within the transverse momentum dependent factorization framework.The asymmetry arises from the convolution of the longitudinal transversity distribution h_(1L)^(⊥)for both protons.Using the Bacchetta-Delcarro-Pisano-RadiciSignori parameterization for the nonperturbative Sudakov form factor and the Wandzura-Wilczek approximation for collinear h_(1L)^(⊥),we predict the double spin asymmetry ALLcos2 φ at RHIC and NIC A kinematics.Our results demonstrate sensitivity to sea quark distributions,with the asymmetry reaching up to 25% for maximal sea quark contributions.These predictions highlight the potential of polarized Drell-Yan measurements to probe sea quark dynamics and advance our understanding of nucleon structures.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61374067 and 41271076)
文摘This paper is concerned with the convergence of a sequence of discrete-time Markov decision processes(DTMDPs)with constraints,state-action dependent discount factors,and possibly unbounded costs.Using the convex analytic approach under mild conditions,we prove that the optimal values and optimal policies of the original DTMDPs converge to those of the"limit"one.Furthermore,we show that any countablestate DTMDP can be approximated by a sequence of finite-state DTMDPs,which are constructed using the truncation technique.Finally,we illustrate the approximation by solving a controlled queueing system numerically,and give the corresponding error bound of the approximation.
基金supported by the CaRiPaRo Foundation(NewTarCoV2)the Ministry of Education,University and Research(PRIN-2020KSY3KL)+13 种基金supported by the Telethon Foundation Core Grant,European Research Council(ERC)(CellKarma)Regione Campania(PO-FESR 2014-2020,PO-FESR 2014-2020)Italian Ministry of Health(Piano Operativo Salute Traiettoria 3,‘Genomed’).supported by the Giovanni Armenise-Harvard Foundation,the Telethon Foundation(TCP13013)ERC(ERC Starting Grant,‘MetEpiStem’)supported by ERC(ERC Consolidator 615879)the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation(OPP1035881 and OPP1097238)the Italian Foundation for Cancer Research(AIRC 21850)the Collaborative Center for XDP at Massachusetts General Hospital(239295)supported by the Italian Foundation for Cancer Research(AIRC-MFAG 25745)University of Padua(STARS Consolidator Grant,‘EMERALD’)supported by the Italian Foundation for Cancer Research(AIRC 2135)Italian Ministry of Health(RCR-201923669115,NET-201602361632)supported by the EVA-GLOBAL project that has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement number 871029EVA-GLOBAL provided access to SARS-CoV-2 Alpha and Delta isolates(human nCoV19 isolate/England/MIG457/2020 and hCoV-19/Netherlands/NH-RIVM-27142/2021_P2).
文摘The high mutation rate of SARS-CoV-2 leads to the emergence of multiple variants,some of which are resistant to vaccines and drugs targeting viral elements.Targeting host dependency factors,e.g.cellular proteins required for viral replication,would help prevent the development of resistance.However,it remains unclear whether different SARS-CoV-2 variants induce conserved cellular responses and exploit the same core host factors.To this end,we compared three variants of concern and found that the host transcriptional response was conserved,differing only in kinetics and magnitude.Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats screening identified host genes required for each variant during infection.Most of the genes were shared by multiple variants.We validated our hits with small molecules and repurposed the US Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs.All the drugs were highly active against all the tested variants,including new variants that emerged during the study(Delta and Omicron).Mechanistically,we identified reactive oxygen species production as a key step in early viral replication.Antioxidants such as N-acetyl cysteine(NAC)were effective against all the variants in both human lung cells and a humanized mouse model.Our study supports the use of available antioxidant drugs,such as NAC,as a general and effective anti-COVID-19 approach.
基金supported by the following research grants:the Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province(2023YFS0037)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170759,82303506,82273126)+2 种基金the Sichuan Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2023MS267)Sichuan Science and Technology Department(2025ZNSFSC1893)the Technological Innovation Research and Development Project from the Chengdu Science and Technology Bureau(2022-YF05-01950-SN)the Basic Research Program of Yunnan Province(202401CF070184).
文摘Nuclear receptors(NRs)are a large family of ligand-dependent transcription factors that regulate the expression of a wide range of target genes in response to endogenous and exogenous ligands,including steroid hormones,thyroid hormone,vitamin D,retinoic acid,fatty acids,and oxidative steroids.Upon ligand binding,nuclear receptors form dimer complexes with transcriptional cofactors,which interact with specific DNA sequences in the promoter or enhancer regions of target genes to modulate gene expression.This process plays a crucial role in many physiological processes such as reproduction,development,immune responses,metabolism,and homeostasis.Dysregulation of nuclear receptor signaling is implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases,including cancers,metabolic disorders,cardiovascular diseases,and autoimmune conditions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61673019,11931018)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant Nos.2018A030313738,2021A1515010057)+1 种基金Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Computational Science at the Sun Yat-sen University(2020B1212060032)IMR and RAE Research Fund,Faculty of Science,HKU.
文摘We study the Markov decision processes under the average-value-at-risk criterion.The state space and the action space are Borel spaces,the costs are admitted to be unbounded from above,and the discount factors are state-action dependent.Under suitable conditions,we establish the existence of optimal deterministic stationary policies.Furthermore,we apply our main results to a cash-balance model.
