Background:This study aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms between parental marital conflict and adolescent short video dependence by constructing a chain mediation model,focusing on the mediating roles of ex...Background:This study aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms between parental marital conflict and adolescent short video dependence by constructing a chain mediation model,focusing on the mediating roles of experiential avoidance and emotional disturbance(anxiety,depression,and stress).Methods:Conducted in January 2025,the research recruited 4125 adolescents from multiple Chinese provinces through convenience sampling;after data cleaning,3957 valid participants(1959 males,1998 females)were included.Using a cross-sectional design,measures included parental marital conflict,experiential avoidance,anxiety,depression,stress,and short video dependence.Results:Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations among all variables.Mediation analysis using the SPSS PROCESS macro showed that parental marital conflict directly predicted short video dependence(β=0.269,p<0.001),and also significantly predicted experiential avoidance(β=0.519,p<0.001),anxiety(β=0.072,p<0.001),depression(β=0.067,p<0.001),and stress(β=0.048,p<0.05).Experiential avoidance further predicted anxiety(β=0.521,p<0.001),depression(β=0.489,p<0.001),stress(β=0.408,p<0.001),and short video dependence(β=0.244,p<0.001).While both anxiety(β=0.050,p<0.05)and depression(β=0.116,p<0.001)positively predicted short video dependence,stress did not(β=0.019,p=0.257).Overall,experiential avoidance,anxiety,depression,and stress significantly mediated the relationship between parental marital conflict and short video dependence.Conclusion:These findings confirm that parental marital conflict not only directly influences adolescent short video dependence but also operates through a chain mediation pathway involving experiential avoidance and emotional disturbance,highlighting central psychological mechanisms and providing theoretical support for integrated mental health and behavioral interventions.展开更多
Grouting with water–cement mixtures is the most widely used and cost-effective method for managing excess water inflow during tunnel construction.Due to uncertain geological and hydrological conditions,current grouti...Grouting with water–cement mixtures is the most widely used and cost-effective method for managing excess water inflow during tunnel construction.Due to uncertain geological and hydrological conditions,current grouting design relies heavily on the experience of onsite engineers.Recent advances in machine learning offer a promising alternative to traditional design to predict grout volume and improve grouting efficiency.Here,an artificial neural network(ANN)model was developed using the data set from an operation tunnel of Jurong Rock Caverns in Singapore to showcase an efficient and physics-guided training strategy.The ANN model was refined by incorporating the spatial scenarios,including the number of grouting holes in four quadrants of tunneling faces,the sequence of grouting screens along the tunnel axis,and the order of grouting rounds on the tunneling faces.The results indicate that an improved training strategy should encompass the grouting process,from Round 1 with grouting holes uniformly distributed around the tunnel periphery,to Round 2 with grouting holes drilled midway between neighboring first-round holes,and to Round 3 with grouting holes determined by onsite engineers.This model,trained based on the order of grouting rounds,performs better than the other models,highlighting the importance of establishing machine learning models grounded in physical principles.The finding was verified by the data set from another operation tunnel and concluded with a perspective on future grouting research.展开更多
Dear Editor,The Cay2.1 channel,also known as the P/Q-type Ca^(2+) channel,is a particular type of voltage-gated Ca^(2+) channel primarily expressed on the presynaptic membrane in the brain[1].It serves as an essential...Dear Editor,The Cay2.1 channel,also known as the P/Q-type Ca^(2+) channel,is a particular type of voltage-gated Ca^(2+) channel primarily expressed on the presynaptic membrane in the brain[1].It serves as an essential part of the precisely orchestrated neurotransmitter release machinery.展开更多
Distributions of nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)relaxation times provide detailed information about the water in wood.This study documents the water dynamics analysis of T_(2)and T_(1)distributions for saturated delig...Distributions of nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)relaxation times provide detailed information about the water in wood.This study documents the water dynamics analysis of T_(2)and T_(1)distributions for saturated delignified sapwood(DSW),delignified heartwood(DHW)and lignocellulose(LC)samples at different temperatures.Results indicate that below the freezing point of bulk water,free water freezes,causing its signal to disappear from the distribution.Then,the low temperature distributions of the unfrozen bound water contain more information about its components,with DSW,DHW and LC containing two distinct states of bound water(OH bound water(B-water)and more freely bound water(C-water)).Furthermore,it was observed that within the temperature range of−3°C to−60°C,B-water in DSW,DHW and LC maintained a higher unfrozen water content(UWC)value than C-water,and the T_(1)/T_(2)ratios for B-water were consistently higher than that for C-water,indicating that B-water has a greater antifreeze capacity.T_(2)and T_(1)distributions offer different kinds of information about water components,and all peaks within the distribution have been assigned.展开更多
The mammalian cerebral cortex,despite its variation in brain shape and size,is a stereotypical six-layered structure composed of pyramidal cells,interneurons,astrocytes,microglia,oligodendrocytes,and endothelial cells...The mammalian cerebral cortex,despite its variation in brain shape and size,is a stereotypical six-layered structure composed of pyramidal cells,interneurons,astrocytes,microglia,oligodendrocytes,and endothelial cells.During development,these cells differ in their origin,birth timing,and developmental trajectories.Nonetheless,they converge during development,forming nascent cortical circuits crucial for organismal behavior.While the relative proportions of cortical cells vary between regions.展开更多
The coexistence of emerging containments,such as antibiotic resistant bacteria(ARB),antibiotic-resistant genes(ARGs)and antibiotics,potentially influence elimination efficiencies in UV light-emitting diode(UV-LED)alon...The coexistence of emerging containments,such as antibiotic resistant bacteria(ARB),antibiotic-resistant genes(ARGs)and antibiotics,potentially influence elimination efficiencies in UV light-emitting diode(UV-LED)alone and UV-LED/H_(2)O_(2) system as their complex interactions.Tetracycline(TC)degradation efficiency(kF)correlated closely with its UV molar absorbance(R^(2)=0.831)in UV-LED alone system and with·OH yield(R^(2)=0.999)in UV-LED/H_(2)O_(2) system across studied wavelengths(265,280 and 310 nm).The kF values for intracellular DNA(i-ARGs)also exhibited a high correlation with UV-LED wavelengths in both systems(R^(2)=0.997-0.999).The coexistence of TC and ARB/ARGs resulted in a mutual inhibition of their degradation efficiencies due to competition for photons and·OH,along with the consequent reduction in intracellular ROS within ARB,with their degradation efficiencies exhibiting marked dependence on wavelength in both systems.Notably,the UV-LED/H_(2)O_(2) system at 265 nm effectively achieved the simultaneous removal of TC,ARB and ARGs with minimal energy consumption,and successfully fragmented ARGs.The degradation pathway of TC was analyzed,and the biotoxicity of its degradation intermediates demonstrated the environmental friendliness and safety of UV-LED/H_(2)O_(2) technology.This study elucidated the competitive interactions between antibiotics and ARB/ARGs within UV-LED/H_(2)O_(2) system,providing a promising approach for their simultaneous removal while ensuring energy efficiency.展开更多
Dear Editor,In this letter,we focus on the algebraic relationship between the coefficient matrices and the solution of the stochastic algebraic Riccati equation.It is revealed that,if the coefficient matrices are in a...Dear Editor,In this letter,we focus on the algebraic relationship between the coefficient matrices and the solution of the stochastic algebraic Riccati equation.It is revealed that,if the coefficient matrices are in an algebra,then the solution(and also the control gain in many cases)is also in the same algebra.The main result is verified by a numerical simulation.展开更多
We obtain an approximate value of the quantized momentum eigenvalues, <em>P<sub>n</sub></em>, together with the space-like coherent eigenvectors for the space-like counterpart of the Schr<sp...We obtain an approximate value of the quantized momentum eigenvalues, <em>P<sub>n</sub></em>, together with the space-like coherent eigenvectors for the space-like counterpart of the Schr<span style="white-space:nowrap;">ö</span>dinger equation, the Feinberg-Horodecki equation, with a screened Kratzer-Hellmann potential which is constructed by the temporal counterpart of the spatial form of this potential. In addition, we got exact eigenvalues of the momentum and the eigenstates by solving Feinberg-Horodecki equation with Kratzer potential. The present work is illustrated with three special cases of the screened Kratzer-Hellman potential: the time-dependent screened Kratzer potential, time-dependent Hellmann potential and, the time-dependent screened Coulomb potential.展开更多
Rural communities in developing countries often struggle with resource dependency,economic challenges,and poor infrastructure,and villages in Uttarakhand,India,are no exception.This study aims to examine the socioecon...Rural communities in developing countries often struggle with resource dependency,economic challenges,and poor infrastructure,and villages in Uttarakhand,India,are no exception.This study aims to examine the socioeconomic factors influencing forest conservation,assess livelihood dependency on forest resources,and evaluate how socioeconomic status shapes sustainable forest management in Shishambara and Buddhi villages in Dehradun.The study employed purposive and random sampling covering 10%of households,using structured surveys,interviews,field observations,market surveys,and focus group discussions.The survey reveals an agriculture-dominated livelihood,engaging 60%in Buddhi and 65%in Shishambara,alongside private-sector jobs and daily wage labour.Literacy rates differ significantly,with Buddhi at 72%and Shishambara at 58%.Despite accessibility to LPG connections,traditional cooking fuels like fuelwood and cow dung remain predominant,utilized by 70%of households in Buddhi and 75%in Shishambara.Most homes are Pakka,yet only 18.8%in Buddhi and 22%in Shishambara have toilets.Public transport is scarce,leaving villagers reliant on private vehicles.These findings underscore the need for policies that address resource management,improve basic services,and support sustainable development,offering a road map for uplifting rural livelihoods and bridging infrastructure gaps.展开更多
Supported metal catalysts are the backbone of heterogeneous catalysis,playing a crucial role in the modern chemical industry.Metal-support interactions(MSIs)are known important in determining the catalytic performance...Supported metal catalysts are the backbone of heterogeneous catalysis,playing a crucial role in the modern chemical industry.Metal-support interactions(MSIs)are known important in determining the catalytic performance of supported metal catalysts.This is particularly true for single-atom catalysts(SACs)and pseudo-single-atom catalysts(pseudo-SACs),where all metal atoms are dispersed on,and interact directly with the support.Consequently,the MSI of SACs and pseudo-SACs are theoretically more sensitive to modulation compared to that of traditional nanoparticle catalysts.In this work,we experimentally demonstrated this hypothesis by an observed size-dependent MSI modulation.We fabricated CoFe_(2)O_(4) supported Pt pseudo-SACs and nanoparticle catalysts,followed by a straightforward water treatment process.It was found that the covalent strong metal-support interaction(CMSI)in pseudo-SACs can be weakened,leading to a significant activity improvement in methane combustion reaction.This finding aligns with our recent observation of CoFe_(2)O_(4) supported Pt SACs.By contrast,the MSI in Pt nanoparticle catalyst was barely affected by the water treatment,giving rise to almost unchanged catalytic performance.This work highlights the critical role of metal size in determining the MSI modulation,offering a novel strategy for tuning the catalytic performance of SACs and pseudo-SACs by fine-tuning their MSIs.展开更多
In this paper,by utilizing the Marcinkiewicz-Zygmund inequality and Rosenthal-type inequality of negatively superadditive dependent(NSD)random arrays and truncated method,we investigate the complete f-moment convergen...In this paper,by utilizing the Marcinkiewicz-Zygmund inequality and Rosenthal-type inequality of negatively superadditive dependent(NSD)random arrays and truncated method,we investigate the complete f-moment convergence of NSD random variables.We establish and improve a general result on the complete f-moment convergence for Sung’s type randomly weighted sums of NSD random variables under some general assumptions.As an application,we show the complete consistency for the randomly weighted estimator in a nonparametric regression model based on NSD errors.展开更多
Based on the EAM potential, a molecular dynamics study on the tensile properties of ultrathin nickel nanowires in the （100〉 orientation with diameters of 3.94, 4.95 and 5.99 nm was presented at different temperature...Based on the EAM potential, a molecular dynamics study on the tensile properties of ultrathin nickel nanowires in the （100〉 orientation with diameters of 3.94, 4.95 and 5.99 nm was presented at different temperatures and strain rates. The temperature and strain rate dependences of tensile properties were investigated. The simulation results show that the elastic modulus and the yield strength are gradually decreasing with the increase of temperature, while with the increase of the strain rate, the stress--strain curves fluctuate more intensely and the ultrathin nickel nanowires rupture at one smaller and smaller strain. At an ideal temperature of 0.01 K, the yield strength of the nanowires drops rapidly with the increase of strain rate, and at other temperatures the strain rate has a little influence on the elastic modulus and the yield strength. Finally, the effects of size on the tensile properties of ultrathin nickel nanowires were briefly discussed.展开更多
BACKGROUND Proper antidepressant use can improve mood and reduce desire to drink alcohol in alcohol-induced-affective-disorder patients.Shugan Jieyu capsules(SJC)have various impacts on the central nervous system,prod...BACKGROUND Proper antidepressant use can improve mood and reduce desire to drink alcohol in alcohol-induced-affective-disorder patients.Shugan Jieyu capsules(SJC)have various impacts on the central nervous system,producing antidepressant effects.Traditional Chinese medicine(including Shugan Jieyu)is highly therapeutic in treating alcohol dependence,with few side-effects.However,research on its combination with Western antidepressants(e.g.,sertraline)to improve patients’depression is insufficient.AIM To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of SJC combined with sertraline vs sertraline monotherapy in alcohol-dependent patients with comorbid depression.METHODS We conducted a randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled trial.Sixty patients(aged 18-65 years)were randomly assigned to two groups(n=30 per group).Primary outcome:Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAMD)-17 changes over 6 weeks.Benzodiazepines were permitted for severe insomnia.RESULTS The HAMD-17 score of the study(vs control)group was lower at treatment weeks 2,4,and 6(P<0.05).Regarding intra-group comparisons,the study group’s HAMD score was significantly lower than that before treatment from week 2(P<0.05),while that of the control group was significantly lower than that before treatment from week 4(P<0.05).The study and control groups’total efficacy rates were 90%and 73.3%,respectively,showing a significant difference in efficacy(χ^(2)=4.812,P=0.028).No significant difference was observed in adverse reactions’incidence between the groups at treatment weeks 2,4,and 6(P>0.05).CONCLUSION SJC-sertraline combination therapy accelerates depressive symptom relief(by 2 weeks)and improves response rates(+16.7%)in alcohol-dependent patients,without increasing adverse events.Clinical outcomes suggest potential synergistic mechanisms,though no biomarker analyses were performed.展开更多
In this study,we performed a systematic analysis of the multiplicity dependence of hadron production at mid-rapidity(|y|<0.5),ranging from the light to the charm sector in proton-proton(pp)collisions at√s=13 TeV.T...In this study,we performed a systematic analysis of the multiplicity dependence of hadron production at mid-rapidity(|y|<0.5),ranging from the light to the charm sector in proton-proton(pp)collisions at√s=13 TeV.This study used a multi-phase transport(AMPT)model coupled with PYTHIA8 initial conditions.We investigated the baryon-to-meson and the strange-to-non-strange meson ratios varying with the charged particle density.By tuning the coalescence parameters,the AMPT model provides a reasonable description of the experimental data for the inclusive production of both light and charm hadrons,comparable to the string fragmentation model calculations with color reconnection effects.Additionally,we analyzed the relative production of hadrons by examining the self-normalized particle ratios as a function of the charged hadron density.Our findings suggest that parton evolution effects and the coalescence hadronization process in the AMPT model result in a strong flavor hierarchy in the multiplicity dependence of the baryon-to-meson ratio.Furthermore,our investigation of the p_(T) differential double ratio of the baryon-to-meson fraction between high-and low-multiplicity events revealed distinct modifications to the flavor associated baryon-to-meson ratio p_(T) shape in high-multiplicity events when comparing the coalescence hadronization model to the color reconnection model.These observations highlight the importance of understanding the hadronization process in high-energy pp collisions through comprehensive multiplicity-dependent multi-flavor analysis.展开更多
Objective:Large-scale CRISPR screens have identified essential genes across cancer cell lines,but links between tumor functional properties and specific dependencies require investigation to reveal the mechanisms unde...Objective:Large-scale CRISPR screens have identified essential genes across cancer cell lines,but links between tumor functional properties and specific dependencies require investigation to reveal the mechanisms underlying dependencies and broaden understanding of targeted therapy.Methods:We selected 47 breast cancer cell lines from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia(CCLE)with multi-omics data including gene dependency;somatic mutations;copy number alterations;and transcriptomic,proteomic,metabolomic,and methylation data.We established a dependency marker association(DMA)analytic pipeline by using linear regression modeling to assess associations between 3,874 representative gene dependencies and multi-omics markers.Additionally,we conducted non-negative matrix factorization clustering,to stratify breast cancer cell lines according to gene dependency features,and investigated cluster-specific DMAs.Results:We interpreted valuable DMAs according to two primary aspects.First,dependencies associated with gain-of-function alterations revealed addiction to lactate transporter SLC16A3,thus suggesting a promising therapeutic target.Second,dependencies associated with loss-of-function alterations included synthetic lethality(SL),collateral SL,and prioritized metabolic SL,encompassing paralog SL(e.g.,IMPDH1 and IMPDH2),single pathway SL(e.g.,GFPT1 and UAP1),and alternative pathway SL(e.g.,GPI and PGD).DMA analysis of the two clusters with divergent dependency signatures demonstrated that cluster1 cell lines exhibited extensive metabolism with mitochondrial protein dependencies,whereas cluster2 displays enhanced cell signaling,and reliance on DNA replication and membrane organelle regulators.Conclusions:We established a DMA analysis pipeline linking the gene dependencies of breast cancer cell lines to multi-omics characteristics,thus elucidating the underpinnings of tumor dependencies and offering a valuable resource for developing novel precision treatment strategies incorporating relevant markers.展开更多
Understanding interlayer charge transfer is crucial for elucidating interface interactions in heterostructures.As the layer number can significantly influence the interface coupling and band alignment,the charge trans...Understanding interlayer charge transfer is crucial for elucidating interface interactions in heterostructures.As the layer number can significantly influence the interface coupling and band alignment,the charge transfer behaviors can be largely regulated.Here,we constructed two-dimensional(2D)heterostructures consisting of monolayer WS_(2)and few-layer InSe to investigate the impact of InSe thickness on exciton dynamics.We performed photoluminescence(PL)spectroscopy and lifetime measurements on pristine few-layer InSe and the heterostructures with different InSe thicknesses.For pristine InSe layers,we found a non-monotonic layer dependence on PL lifetime,which can be attributed to the interplay between the indirect-to-direct bandgap transition and surface recombination effects.For heterostructures,we demonstrated that the type I band alignment of the heterostructure facilitates electron and hole transfer from monolayer WS_(2)to InSe.As the InSe layer number increases,the reduction in conduction band minimum(CBM)enhances the driving force for charge transfer,thereby improving the transfer efficiency.Furthermore,we fabricated and characterized a WS_(2)/InSe optoelectronic device.By analyzing bias voltage dependent PL spectra,we further demonstrated that the trions in WS_(2)within the heterostructure are positively charged(X^(+)),and their emission intensity can be efficiently modulated by applying different biases.This study not only reveals the layer-dependent characteristics of band alignment and interlayer charge transfer in heterostructures but also provides valuable insights for the applications of 2D semiconductors in optoelectronic devices.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of different acupuncture frequencies on the abstinence rate which could be used as a reference for optimizing acupuncture cessation programs.METHODS:From July 2018 to June 2022,a total ...OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of different acupuncture frequencies on the abstinence rate which could be used as a reference for optimizing acupuncture cessation programs.METHODS:From July 2018 to June 2022,a total of 220 smokers were recruited based on inclusion criteria and randomly divided into the high-frequency acupuncture group(HF group,n=110):5 times a week from the 1st to the 4th week,from weeks 5 to 8,three times a week and the low-frequency acupuncture group(LF group,n=110):3 times a week from the 1st to the 4th week,from weeks 5 to 8,twice a week,then treated for 8 weeks and followup at 1 month in Beijing.RESULTS:In total,162 subjects completed the whole study with a drop-out rate of 20.45%.The expiratory CO point abstinence rate was HF group 53/110(48.18%)vs LF group 41/110(37.27%)in Week 8(P=0.102)and HF group 46/110(41.82%)vs LF group 45/110(40.91%)in Week 12(P=0.891)and the HF acupuncture and LF acupuncture were nearly equal in the 8-week abstinence rate.In addition,both HF and LF acupuncture significantly reduced Fagerstr?m test for nicotine dependence scale(FTND)scores(P<0.05),Minnesota nicotine withdrawal scale(MNWS)scores(P<0.05),and Brief Questionnaire of Smoking Urges scale(QSU-Brief)scores(P<0.05),but HF acupuncture showed some superiority over LF acupuncture in relieving patients'smoking cravings(P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS:The study initially showed that both high-frequency acupuncture and low-frequency acupuncture treatment were safe and effective on smoking cessation for 8 weeks,but high-frequency acupuncture was advantageous in reducing smoking cravings.More accurate acupuncture frequency needs to be validated through larger clinical studies to optimize acupuncture smoking cessation programs.展开更多
Electrocatalysis has been investigated as a promising strategy to utilize green electricity to produce renewable fuels,valuable chemicals,and treat pollutants.Electrode kinetic analysis is a potent technique in interr...Electrocatalysis has been investigated as a promising strategy to utilize green electricity to produce renewable fuels,valuable chemicals,and treat pollutants.Electrode kinetic analysis is a potent technique in interrogating reaction mechanisms and evaluating the electrocatalysts.Electron transfer(ET)and proton‐coupled electron transfer(PCET)processes are widely present in reaction networks of electrocatalysis.pH dependence of the kinetics is frequently employed to evaluate whether an elementary step involves proton participation,which is determined by both the reversibility and the specific reactants of electrode reactions.In this article,we discuss the pH dependence of two widely used formulations of the Butler–Volmer kinetics for a model PCET step and highlight a potential pitfall in kinetic analysis.This work aims to provide guiding principles for distinguishing ET and PCET steps via kinetic measurements in electrolytes in a broad range pH values.展开更多
Nanomaterials have garnered recognition for their notable surface effects and demonstration of superior mechanical properties.Previous studies on the surface effects of nanomaterials,employing the finite element metho...Nanomaterials have garnered recognition for their notable surface effects and demonstration of superior mechanical properties.Previous studies on the surface effects of nanomaterials,employing the finite element method,often relied on simplified twodimensional models due to theoretical complexities.Consequently,these simplified models inadequately represent the mechanical properties of nanomaterials and fail to capture the substantial impact of surface effects,particularly the curvature dependence of nanosurfaces.This study applies the principle of minimum energy and leverages the Steigmann-Ogden surface theory of nanomaterials to formulate a novel finite element surface element that comprehensively accounts for surface effects.We conducted an analysis of the stress distribution and deformation characteristics of four typical 2D and 3D nanomaterial models.The accuracy of the developed surface element and finite element calculation method was verified through comparison with established references.The resulting finite element model provides a robust and compelling scientific approach for accurately predicting the mechanical performance of nanomaterials.展开更多
文摘Background:This study aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms between parental marital conflict and adolescent short video dependence by constructing a chain mediation model,focusing on the mediating roles of experiential avoidance and emotional disturbance(anxiety,depression,and stress).Methods:Conducted in January 2025,the research recruited 4125 adolescents from multiple Chinese provinces through convenience sampling;after data cleaning,3957 valid participants(1959 males,1998 females)were included.Using a cross-sectional design,measures included parental marital conflict,experiential avoidance,anxiety,depression,stress,and short video dependence.Results:Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations among all variables.Mediation analysis using the SPSS PROCESS macro showed that parental marital conflict directly predicted short video dependence(β=0.269,p<0.001),and also significantly predicted experiential avoidance(β=0.519,p<0.001),anxiety(β=0.072,p<0.001),depression(β=0.067,p<0.001),and stress(β=0.048,p<0.05).Experiential avoidance further predicted anxiety(β=0.521,p<0.001),depression(β=0.489,p<0.001),stress(β=0.408,p<0.001),and short video dependence(β=0.244,p<0.001).While both anxiety(β=0.050,p<0.05)and depression(β=0.116,p<0.001)positively predicted short video dependence,stress did not(β=0.019,p=0.257).Overall,experiential avoidance,anxiety,depression,and stress significantly mediated the relationship between parental marital conflict and short video dependence.Conclusion:These findings confirm that parental marital conflict not only directly influences adolescent short video dependence but also operates through a chain mediation pathway involving experiential avoidance and emotional disturbance,highlighting central psychological mechanisms and providing theoretical support for integrated mental health and behavioral interventions.
基金Ministry of Education-Singapore,Grant/Award Number:RG143/23。
文摘Grouting with water–cement mixtures is the most widely used and cost-effective method for managing excess water inflow during tunnel construction.Due to uncertain geological and hydrological conditions,current grouting design relies heavily on the experience of onsite engineers.Recent advances in machine learning offer a promising alternative to traditional design to predict grout volume and improve grouting efficiency.Here,an artificial neural network(ANN)model was developed using the data set from an operation tunnel of Jurong Rock Caverns in Singapore to showcase an efficient and physics-guided training strategy.The ANN model was refined by incorporating the spatial scenarios,including the number of grouting holes in four quadrants of tunneling faces,the sequence of grouting screens along the tunnel axis,and the order of grouting rounds on the tunneling faces.The results indicate that an improved training strategy should encompass the grouting process,from Round 1 with grouting holes uniformly distributed around the tunnel periphery,to Round 2 with grouting holes drilled midway between neighboring first-round holes,and to Round 3 with grouting holes determined by onsite engineers.This model,trained based on the order of grouting rounds,performs better than the other models,highlighting the importance of establishing machine learning models grounded in physical principles.The finding was verified by the data set from another operation tunnel and concluded with a perspective on future grouting research.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32100773 and U20A6005)the National Science and Technology Innovation 2030-Major Project of China(2021ZD0202500)+4 种基金Shenzhen Medical Research Fund(B2402024)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M693296)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20230807093815032)Guangdong High-level Hospital Construction Fund(ynkt2021-zz33 and LCYJ2022093)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(2022A1515010297).
文摘Dear Editor,The Cay2.1 channel,also known as the P/Q-type Ca^(2+) channel,is a particular type of voltage-gated Ca^(2+) channel primarily expressed on the presynaptic membrane in the brain[1].It serves as an essential part of the precisely orchestrated neurotransmitter release machinery.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China (2023MS03027)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31860185 and 31160141)
文摘Distributions of nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)relaxation times provide detailed information about the water in wood.This study documents the water dynamics analysis of T_(2)and T_(1)distributions for saturated delignified sapwood(DSW),delignified heartwood(DHW)and lignocellulose(LC)samples at different temperatures.Results indicate that below the freezing point of bulk water,free water freezes,causing its signal to disappear from the distribution.Then,the low temperature distributions of the unfrozen bound water contain more information about its components,with DSW,DHW and LC containing two distinct states of bound water(OH bound water(B-water)and more freely bound water(C-water)).Furthermore,it was observed that within the temperature range of−3°C to−60°C,B-water in DSW,DHW and LC maintained a higher unfrozen water content(UWC)value than C-water,and the T_(1)/T_(2)ratios for B-water were consistently higher than that for C-water,indicating that B-water has a greater antifreeze capacity.T_(2)and T_(1)distributions offer different kinds of information about water components,and all peaks within the distribution have been assigned.
基金supported by the Medical Research Council(MR/T030143/1)grant and the University of Manchester。
文摘The mammalian cerebral cortex,despite its variation in brain shape and size,is a stereotypical six-layered structure composed of pyramidal cells,interneurons,astrocytes,microglia,oligodendrocytes,and endothelial cells.During development,these cells differ in their origin,birth timing,and developmental trajectories.Nonetheless,they converge during development,forming nascent cortical circuits crucial for organismal behavior.While the relative proportions of cortical cells vary between regions.
基金supported by Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Province(No.2020CXGC011204)Qingdao Natural Science Foundation(No.23-2-1-234-zyyd-jch).
文摘The coexistence of emerging containments,such as antibiotic resistant bacteria(ARB),antibiotic-resistant genes(ARGs)and antibiotics,potentially influence elimination efficiencies in UV light-emitting diode(UV-LED)alone and UV-LED/H_(2)O_(2) system as their complex interactions.Tetracycline(TC)degradation efficiency(kF)correlated closely with its UV molar absorbance(R^(2)=0.831)in UV-LED alone system and with·OH yield(R^(2)=0.999)in UV-LED/H_(2)O_(2) system across studied wavelengths(265,280 and 310 nm).The kF values for intracellular DNA(i-ARGs)also exhibited a high correlation with UV-LED wavelengths in both systems(R^(2)=0.997-0.999).The coexistence of TC and ARB/ARGs resulted in a mutual inhibition of their degradation efficiencies due to competition for photons and·OH,along with the consequent reduction in intracellular ROS within ARB,with their degradation efficiencies exhibiting marked dependence on wavelength in both systems.Notably,the UV-LED/H_(2)O_(2) system at 265 nm effectively achieved the simultaneous removal of TC,ARB and ARGs with minimal energy consumption,and successfully fragmented ARGs.The degradation pathway of TC was analyzed,and the biotoxicity of its degradation intermediates demonstrated the environmental friendliness and safety of UV-LED/H_(2)O_(2) technology.This study elucidated the competitive interactions between antibiotics and ARB/ARGs within UV-LED/H_(2)O_(2) system,providing a promising approach for their simultaneous removal while ensuring energy efficiency.
文摘Dear Editor,In this letter,we focus on the algebraic relationship between the coefficient matrices and the solution of the stochastic algebraic Riccati equation.It is revealed that,if the coefficient matrices are in an algebra,then the solution(and also the control gain in many cases)is also in the same algebra.The main result is verified by a numerical simulation.
文摘We obtain an approximate value of the quantized momentum eigenvalues, <em>P<sub>n</sub></em>, together with the space-like coherent eigenvectors for the space-like counterpart of the Schr<span style="white-space:nowrap;">ö</span>dinger equation, the Feinberg-Horodecki equation, with a screened Kratzer-Hellmann potential which is constructed by the temporal counterpart of the spatial form of this potential. In addition, we got exact eigenvalues of the momentum and the eigenstates by solving Feinberg-Horodecki equation with Kratzer potential. The present work is illustrated with three special cases of the screened Kratzer-Hellman potential: the time-dependent screened Kratzer potential, time-dependent Hellmann potential and, the time-dependent screened Coulomb potential.
文摘Rural communities in developing countries often struggle with resource dependency,economic challenges,and poor infrastructure,and villages in Uttarakhand,India,are no exception.This study aims to examine the socioeconomic factors influencing forest conservation,assess livelihood dependency on forest resources,and evaluate how socioeconomic status shapes sustainable forest management in Shishambara and Buddhi villages in Dehradun.The study employed purposive and random sampling covering 10%of households,using structured surveys,interviews,field observations,market surveys,and focus group discussions.The survey reveals an agriculture-dominated livelihood,engaging 60%in Buddhi and 65%in Shishambara,alongside private-sector jobs and daily wage labour.Literacy rates differ significantly,with Buddhi at 72%and Shishambara at 58%.Despite accessibility to LPG connections,traditional cooking fuels like fuelwood and cow dung remain predominant,utilized by 70%of households in Buddhi and 75%in Shishambara.Most homes are Pakka,yet only 18.8%in Buddhi and 22%in Shishambara have toilets.Public transport is scarce,leaving villagers reliant on private vehicles.These findings underscore the need for policies that address resource management,improve basic services,and support sustainable development,offering a road map for uplifting rural livelihoods and bridging infrastructure gaps.
文摘Supported metal catalysts are the backbone of heterogeneous catalysis,playing a crucial role in the modern chemical industry.Metal-support interactions(MSIs)are known important in determining the catalytic performance of supported metal catalysts.This is particularly true for single-atom catalysts(SACs)and pseudo-single-atom catalysts(pseudo-SACs),where all metal atoms are dispersed on,and interact directly with the support.Consequently,the MSI of SACs and pseudo-SACs are theoretically more sensitive to modulation compared to that of traditional nanoparticle catalysts.In this work,we experimentally demonstrated this hypothesis by an observed size-dependent MSI modulation.We fabricated CoFe_(2)O_(4) supported Pt pseudo-SACs and nanoparticle catalysts,followed by a straightforward water treatment process.It was found that the covalent strong metal-support interaction(CMSI)in pseudo-SACs can be weakened,leading to a significant activity improvement in methane combustion reaction.This finding aligns with our recent observation of CoFe_(2)O_(4) supported Pt SACs.By contrast,the MSI in Pt nanoparticle catalyst was barely affected by the water treatment,giving rise to almost unchanged catalytic performance.This work highlights the critical role of metal size in determining the MSI modulation,offering a novel strategy for tuning the catalytic performance of SACs and pseudo-SACs by fine-tuning their MSIs.
基金supported by the National Social Science Fundation(Grant No.21BTJ040)the Project of Outstanding Young People in University of Anhui Province(Grant Nos.2023AH020037,SLXY2024A001).
文摘In this paper,by utilizing the Marcinkiewicz-Zygmund inequality and Rosenthal-type inequality of negatively superadditive dependent(NSD)random arrays and truncated method,we investigate the complete f-moment convergence of NSD random variables.We establish and improve a general result on the complete f-moment convergence for Sung’s type randomly weighted sums of NSD random variables under some general assumptions.As an application,we show the complete consistency for the randomly weighted estimator in a nonparametric regression model based on NSD errors.
基金Project(51205302)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2013JM7017)supported by the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shanxi Province of ChinaProject(K5051304006)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China
文摘Based on the EAM potential, a molecular dynamics study on the tensile properties of ultrathin nickel nanowires in the （100〉 orientation with diameters of 3.94, 4.95 and 5.99 nm was presented at different temperatures and strain rates. The temperature and strain rate dependences of tensile properties were investigated. The simulation results show that the elastic modulus and the yield strength are gradually decreasing with the increase of temperature, while with the increase of the strain rate, the stress--strain curves fluctuate more intensely and the ultrathin nickel nanowires rupture at one smaller and smaller strain. At an ideal temperature of 0.01 K, the yield strength of the nanowires drops rapidly with the increase of strain rate, and at other temperatures the strain rate has a little influence on the elastic modulus and the yield strength. Finally, the effects of size on the tensile properties of ultrathin nickel nanowires were briefly discussed.
文摘BACKGROUND Proper antidepressant use can improve mood and reduce desire to drink alcohol in alcohol-induced-affective-disorder patients.Shugan Jieyu capsules(SJC)have various impacts on the central nervous system,producing antidepressant effects.Traditional Chinese medicine(including Shugan Jieyu)is highly therapeutic in treating alcohol dependence,with few side-effects.However,research on its combination with Western antidepressants(e.g.,sertraline)to improve patients’depression is insufficient.AIM To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of SJC combined with sertraline vs sertraline monotherapy in alcohol-dependent patients with comorbid depression.METHODS We conducted a randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled trial.Sixty patients(aged 18-65 years)were randomly assigned to two groups(n=30 per group).Primary outcome:Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAMD)-17 changes over 6 weeks.Benzodiazepines were permitted for severe insomnia.RESULTS The HAMD-17 score of the study(vs control)group was lower at treatment weeks 2,4,and 6(P<0.05).Regarding intra-group comparisons,the study group’s HAMD score was significantly lower than that before treatment from week 2(P<0.05),while that of the control group was significantly lower than that before treatment from week 4(P<0.05).The study and control groups’total efficacy rates were 90%and 73.3%,respectively,showing a significant difference in efficacy(χ^(2)=4.812,P=0.028).No significant difference was observed in adverse reactions’incidence between the groups at treatment weeks 2,4,and 6(P>0.05).CONCLUSION SJC-sertraline combination therapy accelerates depressive symptom relief(by 2 weeks)and improves response rates(+16.7%)in alcohol-dependent patients,without increasing adverse events.Clinical outcomes suggest potential synergistic mechanisms,though no biomarker analyses were performed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12205259 and 12147101)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)with No.G1323523064.
文摘In this study,we performed a systematic analysis of the multiplicity dependence of hadron production at mid-rapidity(|y|<0.5),ranging from the light to the charm sector in proton-proton(pp)collisions at√s=13 TeV.This study used a multi-phase transport(AMPT)model coupled with PYTHIA8 initial conditions.We investigated the baryon-to-meson and the strange-to-non-strange meson ratios varying with the charged particle density.By tuning the coalescence parameters,the AMPT model provides a reasonable description of the experimental data for the inclusive production of both light and charm hadrons,comparable to the string fragmentation model calculations with color reconnection effects.Additionally,we analyzed the relative production of hadrons by examining the self-normalized particle ratios as a function of the charged hadron density.Our findings suggest that parton evolution effects and the coalescence hadronization process in the AMPT model result in a strong flavor hierarchy in the multiplicity dependence of the baryon-to-meson ratio.Furthermore,our investigation of the p_(T) differential double ratio of the baryon-to-meson fraction between high-and low-multiplicity events revealed distinct modifications to the flavor associated baryon-to-meson ratio p_(T) shape in high-multiplicity events when comparing the coalescence hadronization model to the color reconnection model.These observations highlight the importance of understanding the hadronization process in high-energy pp collisions through comprehensive multiplicity-dependent multi-flavor analysis.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Project of China(Grant No.2020YFA0112304)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.91959207 and 82202883).
文摘Objective:Large-scale CRISPR screens have identified essential genes across cancer cell lines,but links between tumor functional properties and specific dependencies require investigation to reveal the mechanisms underlying dependencies and broaden understanding of targeted therapy.Methods:We selected 47 breast cancer cell lines from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia(CCLE)with multi-omics data including gene dependency;somatic mutations;copy number alterations;and transcriptomic,proteomic,metabolomic,and methylation data.We established a dependency marker association(DMA)analytic pipeline by using linear regression modeling to assess associations between 3,874 representative gene dependencies and multi-omics markers.Additionally,we conducted non-negative matrix factorization clustering,to stratify breast cancer cell lines according to gene dependency features,and investigated cluster-specific DMAs.Results:We interpreted valuable DMAs according to two primary aspects.First,dependencies associated with gain-of-function alterations revealed addiction to lactate transporter SLC16A3,thus suggesting a promising therapeutic target.Second,dependencies associated with loss-of-function alterations included synthetic lethality(SL),collateral SL,and prioritized metabolic SL,encompassing paralog SL(e.g.,IMPDH1 and IMPDH2),single pathway SL(e.g.,GFPT1 and UAP1),and alternative pathway SL(e.g.,GPI and PGD).DMA analysis of the two clusters with divergent dependency signatures demonstrated that cluster1 cell lines exhibited extensive metabolism with mitochondrial protein dependencies,whereas cluster2 displays enhanced cell signaling,and reliance on DNA replication and membrane organelle regulators.Conclusions:We established a DMA analysis pipeline linking the gene dependencies of breast cancer cell lines to multi-omics characteristics,thus elucidating the underpinnings of tumor dependencies and offering a valuable resource for developing novel precision treatment strategies incorporating relevant markers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.92263107,U23A20570,52221001,62090035,and 52022029)the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2024RC1034)。
文摘Understanding interlayer charge transfer is crucial for elucidating interface interactions in heterostructures.As the layer number can significantly influence the interface coupling and band alignment,the charge transfer behaviors can be largely regulated.Here,we constructed two-dimensional(2D)heterostructures consisting of monolayer WS_(2)and few-layer InSe to investigate the impact of InSe thickness on exciton dynamics.We performed photoluminescence(PL)spectroscopy and lifetime measurements on pristine few-layer InSe and the heterostructures with different InSe thicknesses.For pristine InSe layers,we found a non-monotonic layer dependence on PL lifetime,which can be attributed to the interplay between the indirect-to-direct bandgap transition and surface recombination effects.For heterostructures,we demonstrated that the type I band alignment of the heterostructure facilitates electron and hole transfer from monolayer WS_(2)to InSe.As the InSe layer number increases,the reduction in conduction band minimum(CBM)enhances the driving force for charge transfer,thereby improving the transfer efficiency.Furthermore,we fabricated and characterized a WS_(2)/InSe optoelectronic device.By analyzing bias voltage dependent PL spectra,we further demonstrated that the trions in WS_(2)within the heterostructure are positively charged(X^(+)),and their emission intensity can be efficiently modulated by applying different biases.This study not only reveals the layer-dependent characteristics of band alignment and interlayer charge transfer in heterostructures but also provides valuable insights for the applications of 2D semiconductors in optoelectronic devices.
基金the Fund of Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Project:Self-service Acupuncture Smoking Cessation Research and Development(No.CI2021A03506)Fund of Capital Health Development Special Research Project:Research on Development and Clinical Applicalion of Wrist Acupuncture Smoking Cessation Instrument(No.2022-1-4281)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of different acupuncture frequencies on the abstinence rate which could be used as a reference for optimizing acupuncture cessation programs.METHODS:From July 2018 to June 2022,a total of 220 smokers were recruited based on inclusion criteria and randomly divided into the high-frequency acupuncture group(HF group,n=110):5 times a week from the 1st to the 4th week,from weeks 5 to 8,three times a week and the low-frequency acupuncture group(LF group,n=110):3 times a week from the 1st to the 4th week,from weeks 5 to 8,twice a week,then treated for 8 weeks and followup at 1 month in Beijing.RESULTS:In total,162 subjects completed the whole study with a drop-out rate of 20.45%.The expiratory CO point abstinence rate was HF group 53/110(48.18%)vs LF group 41/110(37.27%)in Week 8(P=0.102)and HF group 46/110(41.82%)vs LF group 45/110(40.91%)in Week 12(P=0.891)and the HF acupuncture and LF acupuncture were nearly equal in the 8-week abstinence rate.In addition,both HF and LF acupuncture significantly reduced Fagerstr?m test for nicotine dependence scale(FTND)scores(P<0.05),Minnesota nicotine withdrawal scale(MNWS)scores(P<0.05),and Brief Questionnaire of Smoking Urges scale(QSU-Brief)scores(P<0.05),but HF acupuncture showed some superiority over LF acupuncture in relieving patients'smoking cravings(P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS:The study initially showed that both high-frequency acupuncture and low-frequency acupuncture treatment were safe and effective on smoking cessation for 8 weeks,but high-frequency acupuncture was advantageous in reducing smoking cravings.More accurate acupuncture frequency needs to be validated through larger clinical studies to optimize acupuncture smoking cessation programs.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation Key Research Program(Grant Z240026)the Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences.
文摘Electrocatalysis has been investigated as a promising strategy to utilize green electricity to produce renewable fuels,valuable chemicals,and treat pollutants.Electrode kinetic analysis is a potent technique in interrogating reaction mechanisms and evaluating the electrocatalysts.Electron transfer(ET)and proton‐coupled electron transfer(PCET)processes are widely present in reaction networks of electrocatalysis.pH dependence of the kinetics is frequently employed to evaluate whether an elementary step involves proton participation,which is determined by both the reversibility and the specific reactants of electrode reactions.In this article,we discuss the pH dependence of two widely used formulations of the Butler–Volmer kinetics for a model PCET step and highlight a potential pitfall in kinetic analysis.This work aims to provide guiding principles for distinguishing ET and PCET steps via kinetic measurements in electrolytes in a broad range pH values.
基金supported by the Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent (Grant No.2023ZB397)the Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No.2023M732986).
文摘Nanomaterials have garnered recognition for their notable surface effects and demonstration of superior mechanical properties.Previous studies on the surface effects of nanomaterials,employing the finite element method,often relied on simplified twodimensional models due to theoretical complexities.Consequently,these simplified models inadequately represent the mechanical properties of nanomaterials and fail to capture the substantial impact of surface effects,particularly the curvature dependence of nanosurfaces.This study applies the principle of minimum energy and leverages the Steigmann-Ogden surface theory of nanomaterials to formulate a novel finite element surface element that comprehensively accounts for surface effects.We conducted an analysis of the stress distribution and deformation characteristics of four typical 2D and 3D nanomaterial models.The accuracy of the developed surface element and finite element calculation method was verified through comparison with established references.The resulting finite element model provides a robust and compelling scientific approach for accurately predicting the mechanical performance of nanomaterials.
