Navigation without Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS)poses a significant challenge in aerospace engineering,particularly in the environments where satellite signals are obstructed or unavailable.This paper offe...Navigation without Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS)poses a significant challenge in aerospace engineering,particularly in the environments where satellite signals are obstructed or unavailable.This paper offers an in-depth review of various methods,sensors,and algorithms for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)localization in outdoor environments where GNSS signals are unavailable or denied.A key contribution of this study is the establishment of a critical classification system that divides GNSS-denied navigation techniques into two primary categories:absolute and relative localization.This classification enhances the understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of different strategies in various operational contexts.Vision-based localization is identified as the most effective approach in GNSS-denied environments.Nonetheless,it’s clear that no single-sensor-based localization algorithm can fulfill all the needs of a comprehensive navigation system in outdoor environments.Therefore,it’s vital to implement a hybrid strategy that merges various algorithms and sensors for effective outcomes.This detailed analysis emphasizes the challenges and possible solutions for achieving reliable and effective outdoor UAV localization in environments where GNSS is unreliable or unavailable.This multi-faceted analysis,highlights the complexities and potential pathways for achieving efficient and dependable outdoor UAV localization in GNSS-denied environments.展开更多
In GNSS denied environments,pseudolites have to rely on prior information,such as ground anchoring points,terrain matching or other multi-source means for positioning.This paper proposes a method of dynamic networking...In GNSS denied environments,pseudolites have to rely on prior information,such as ground anchoring points,terrain matching or other multi-source means for positioning.This paper proposes a method of dynamic networking of UAVs pseudolites for accurate navigation with only inertial navigation during GNSS denied area,which can provide accurate positioning services without prior information like anchor points.On this basis,this paper proposes a mathematical model of UAV pseudolite networking to describe the relationship of UAV flight altitude,network service coverage and anti-jamming capabilities.This model demonstrates excellent anti-interference ability,which can achieve a maximum power enhancement of up to 54.58 dB.And it can also offer another operating mode with a maximum coverage range of up to 2675.47 km^(2),while still ensuring a power enhancement of 37.57dB.This method can effectively solve the problem of providing continuous positioning services as an alternative GNSS,and is also a powerful support solution for resilient Positioning,Navigation,and Timing(PNT)^([1]).展开更多
基金funded by PSDSARC seed project number(PSDSARC Project ID:PID-000085_01_02)the APC was funded by PSU.
文摘Navigation without Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS)poses a significant challenge in aerospace engineering,particularly in the environments where satellite signals are obstructed or unavailable.This paper offers an in-depth review of various methods,sensors,and algorithms for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)localization in outdoor environments where GNSS signals are unavailable or denied.A key contribution of this study is the establishment of a critical classification system that divides GNSS-denied navigation techniques into two primary categories:absolute and relative localization.This classification enhances the understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of different strategies in various operational contexts.Vision-based localization is identified as the most effective approach in GNSS-denied environments.Nonetheless,it’s clear that no single-sensor-based localization algorithm can fulfill all the needs of a comprehensive navigation system in outdoor environments.Therefore,it’s vital to implement a hybrid strategy that merges various algorithms and sensors for effective outcomes.This detailed analysis emphasizes the challenges and possible solutions for achieving reliable and effective outdoor UAV localization in environments where GNSS is unreliable or unavailable.This multi-faceted analysis,highlights the complexities and potential pathways for achieving efficient and dependable outdoor UAV localization in GNSS-denied environments.
基金National Social Science Fund of China(No.2023-SKJJ-B-069).
文摘In GNSS denied environments,pseudolites have to rely on prior information,such as ground anchoring points,terrain matching or other multi-source means for positioning.This paper proposes a method of dynamic networking of UAVs pseudolites for accurate navigation with only inertial navigation during GNSS denied area,which can provide accurate positioning services without prior information like anchor points.On this basis,this paper proposes a mathematical model of UAV pseudolite networking to describe the relationship of UAV flight altitude,network service coverage and anti-jamming capabilities.This model demonstrates excellent anti-interference ability,which can achieve a maximum power enhancement of up to 54.58 dB.And it can also offer another operating mode with a maximum coverage range of up to 2675.47 km^(2),while still ensuring a power enhancement of 37.57dB.This method can effectively solve the problem of providing continuous positioning services as an alternative GNSS,and is also a powerful support solution for resilient Positioning,Navigation,and Timing(PNT)^([1]).
