The giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)is a rare species endemic to China,and also serves as a flagship species for global biodiversity conservation.Elucidating its evolutionary history is of great significance for co...The giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)is a rare species endemic to China,and also serves as a flagship species for global biodiversity conservation.Elucidating its evolutionary history is of great significance for conservation efforts.However,knowledge about the demographic changes and adaptive evolution of the giant panda remains limited.Paleogenomic research,with its broad temporal and geographic coverage,provides a novel perspective for addressing these questions.Given this,this study discusses three core topics related to the evolution of the giant panda.Firstly,we systematically consolidated the fossil records from the Late Miocene to the Holocene,along with their related studies,illustrating the impact of climatic and anthropogenic factors on the demographic history of the giant panda.In particular,climate change served as the primary driver of population fluctuations during the Pleistocene,leading to two episodes of population expansion and bottleneck.Additionally,human activities played a significant role in population divergence and demographic changes during the Holocene.Secondly,we also elucidated the adaptive process of the giant panda in terms of their highly specialized diet,highlighting long-term adaptation in morphology,genetics,and gut microbiota composition,which have led to its unique adaptive traits.Finally,the potential and significance of the paleogenomic studies in deepening our understanding of the demographic history and adaptive evolution of the giant panda were discussed.Meanwhile,this study demonstrated the potential of paleogenomic approaches for resolving species identification and obtaining individual-level information from fossil specimens,using ancient samples excavated from Baling in Shaanxi and Bamianshan in Hunan as case studies.展开更多
Demographic and economic development can be seen as two sides of one coin in the process of regional development.This article deals with how economic and demographic changes influence the settlement structure and deve...Demographic and economic development can be seen as two sides of one coin in the process of regional development.This article deals with how economic and demographic changes influence the settlement structure and development of the Pearl River Delta(PRD)and lead to regionalization processes within the large agglomerations.The aim of the study was to understand the interrelation between the three aspects:economic change,demographic change and change of spatial structures.Based on population age and occupational data,spatial changes in demographic structure and economic activities from 2000 to 2010 were analyzed.It was found that the demographic and economic change reflected changing spatial patterns between the urban centers and the hinterland in the PRD.Two processes were apparent during the studied period in the hinterlands and the high-density areas of the PRD.On one hand,the hinterlands in the PRD attracted more manufacturing activities,while the inner high-density areas experienced a decrease in manufacturing,associated with an increase in young labor in regions where workplaces that only required limited education expanded.On the other hand,specialization in knowledge-intensive business services increased in the inner high-density areas,which also saw an increased share in the older population.This finding suggests that increasing knowledge-intensive work correlates with higher age structures due to the longer formal education required and also the benefits knowledge workers accrue through experience and gained knowledge over time.Therefore,based on a transformation process,we tentatively conclude that the populations in high-density areas in the PRD became more middle-aged and were represented by more knowledge workers.展开更多
ACORDE project seeks to maximize buildings´flexibility,conceiving a residential building made of legally independent functional units that can be connected to or disconnected from each other with easy,plug-in fac...ACORDE project seeks to maximize buildings´flexibility,conceiving a residential building made of legally independent functional units that can be connected to or disconnected from each other with easy,plug-in facilities,in a way that permits to purchase exactly what the user need,as well as allows future changes for buildings to be adapted to the needs of their occupants,the user decides how to best utilize the space by acquiring or separating functional units along the years.For this to be possible,in addition to the legally independent modules concept,a diaphanous and very well organized structure is projected as well as a very solid and efficient envelope to ensure durability and minimal maintenance.The efficient occupancy of space leads to an optimal use of energy.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32100489,41925009,42262001 and 42102001)。
文摘The giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)is a rare species endemic to China,and also serves as a flagship species for global biodiversity conservation.Elucidating its evolutionary history is of great significance for conservation efforts.However,knowledge about the demographic changes and adaptive evolution of the giant panda remains limited.Paleogenomic research,with its broad temporal and geographic coverage,provides a novel perspective for addressing these questions.Given this,this study discusses three core topics related to the evolution of the giant panda.Firstly,we systematically consolidated the fossil records from the Late Miocene to the Holocene,along with their related studies,illustrating the impact of climatic and anthropogenic factors on the demographic history of the giant panda.In particular,climate change served as the primary driver of population fluctuations during the Pleistocene,leading to two episodes of population expansion and bottleneck.Additionally,human activities played a significant role in population divergence and demographic changes during the Holocene.Secondly,we also elucidated the adaptive process of the giant panda in terms of their highly specialized diet,highlighting long-term adaptation in morphology,genetics,and gut microbiota composition,which have led to its unique adaptive traits.Finally,the potential and significance of the paleogenomic studies in deepening our understanding of the demographic history and adaptive evolution of the giant panda were discussed.Meanwhile,this study demonstrated the potential of paleogenomic approaches for resolving species identification and obtaining individual-level information from fossil specimens,using ancient samples excavated from Baling in Shaanxi and Bamianshan in Hunan as case studies.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41471107)。
文摘Demographic and economic development can be seen as two sides of one coin in the process of regional development.This article deals with how economic and demographic changes influence the settlement structure and development of the Pearl River Delta(PRD)and lead to regionalization processes within the large agglomerations.The aim of the study was to understand the interrelation between the three aspects:economic change,demographic change and change of spatial structures.Based on population age and occupational data,spatial changes in demographic structure and economic activities from 2000 to 2010 were analyzed.It was found that the demographic and economic change reflected changing spatial patterns between the urban centers and the hinterland in the PRD.Two processes were apparent during the studied period in the hinterlands and the high-density areas of the PRD.On one hand,the hinterlands in the PRD attracted more manufacturing activities,while the inner high-density areas experienced a decrease in manufacturing,associated with an increase in young labor in regions where workplaces that only required limited education expanded.On the other hand,specialization in knowledge-intensive business services increased in the inner high-density areas,which also saw an increased share in the older population.This finding suggests that increasing knowledge-intensive work correlates with higher age structures due to the longer formal education required and also the benefits knowledge workers accrue through experience and gained knowledge over time.Therefore,based on a transformation process,we tentatively conclude that the populations in high-density areas in the PRD became more middle-aged and were represented by more knowledge workers.
文摘ACORDE project seeks to maximize buildings´flexibility,conceiving a residential building made of legally independent functional units that can be connected to or disconnected from each other with easy,plug-in facilities,in a way that permits to purchase exactly what the user need,as well as allows future changes for buildings to be adapted to the needs of their occupants,the user decides how to best utilize the space by acquiring or separating functional units along the years.For this to be possible,in addition to the legally independent modules concept,a diaphanous and very well organized structure is projected as well as a very solid and efficient envelope to ensure durability and minimal maintenance.The efficient occupancy of space leads to an optimal use of energy.
