[Objective] This study was to analyze the several nutrient elements de- manded for the growth of Wolffia globosa with the aim to provide references for the improvement on the formula of nutrient solution for the culti...[Objective] This study was to analyze the several nutrient elements de- manded for the growth of Wolffia globosa with the aim to provide references for the improvement on the formula of nutrient solution for the cultivation of Wolffia globosa. [Method] The basic conditions of the pond were simulated in the greenhouse, and nutrient solution was added to cultivate Wolffia globosa. The main element composi- tions of the experimental water, wild water and dried Wolffia globosa were detected by inductively coupled plasma spectrometer （ICP） and element analyzer, in order to study the nutrient demand for Wolffia globosa growth. And the absorption of N, P, K and consumption of P for the growth of Wolffia globosa were also analyzed. [Re- suit] The Wolffia globosa biomass of the experimental group which cultivated by adding nutrient solution increased over time, and after 2 weeks, the average capacity was significantly more than initial capacity; and the average capacity of the control group without nutrient solution was significantly lower than initial capacity, indicating that the addition of nutrient solution has obvious effect on the growth of Wolffia glo- bosa. However, the biomass of the experimental group was no longer increase after 2 weeks, indicating that there are some inhibitory factors in the incubators of the experimental group. The element detection results were as follows： the content pro- portions of N, P and K were 3.8：1：2.8, 11.5：1：17 and 5.2：1：6.8 in the experimental water, wild water and drying Wolffia globosa, respectively. The N, P, K in the water of experimental group was not exhausted, while the contents of Ca and Zn in three experimental incubators were below the limit of detection （ND）. And the contents of Mn in incubators No.l-No.3 were ND, 0.05 and 0.38 mg/L, respectively, presenting positive correlation with the biomass of Wolffia globosa. The inhibitory growth of Wolffia globosa is closely related with the absence of Ca, Mn and Zn in the nutrient solution. [Conclusion] The experimental results provided valuable parameters for the improvement on the formula of the original nutrient solution.展开更多
Agricultural Products Processing and Storage(ISSN 3059-4510,Owner:Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China.Production and hosting:Springer Nature)is an international,peer-reviewed open access journal with the aim ...Agricultural Products Processing and Storage(ISSN 3059-4510,Owner:Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China.Production and hosting:Springer Nature)is an international,peer-reviewed open access journal with the aim to offer a platform for the rapid dissemination of significant,novel,and high-impact research in the fields of agricultural product processing science,technology,engineering,and nutrition.Additionally,supplemental issues are curated and published to facilitate in-depth discussions on special topics.展开更多
With the increasing penetration of variable renewable energy,flexible resources are highly needed to hedge the growing uncertainty,and variability in the power system.Demand response has served as a cost-effective typ...With the increasing penetration of variable renewable energy,flexible resources are highly needed to hedge the growing uncertainty,and variability in the power system.Demand response has served as a cost-effective type of flexible resource in recent years.In order to balance the uncertainty of the system,it is crucial to assess how much flexibility demand response programs can provide.Thus,forecasting demand response potential is important for the operation of the bulk system.This paper proposes a modeling approach that can characterize the multi-timescale flexibility of demand response so that not only the power potential but also temporal-coupling characteristics can be considered.Furthermore,a day-ahead demand response potential forecasting method is proposed using deep convolutional generative adversarial networks.The proposed forecasting method is tested using data from 170 users in Pecan Street Dataport.The results show that the proposed method can forecast the multi-timescale flexibility of demand response with high accuracy.展开更多
East Africa’s construction boom draws Chinese heavy machinery manufacturers and distributors The booming construction of new housing and commercial units has led to unprecedented demand for heavy construction equipme...East Africa’s construction boom draws Chinese heavy machinery manufacturers and distributors The booming construction of new housing and commercial units has led to unprecedented demand for heavy construction equipment in Nairobi,Kenya.展开更多
The informatization of the grid,i.e.,the incorporation of sensing,communications,data platforms,analytics,and automation in the running of power systems,has turned out to be a vital facilitator of environmental mitiga...The informatization of the grid,i.e.,the incorporation of sensing,communications,data platforms,analytics,and automation in the running of power systems,has turned out to be a vital facilitator of environmental mitigation as power systems increasingly take up larger proportions of variable renewables,distributed energy resources(DERs),and electrified end uses.The review summarizes the worldwide evidence related to the ability of informatization-based smart grid applications to lower the environmental impact in six pathways,namely efficiency improvement,flexibility activation,renewable integration,DER coordination,electrification management,and resilience enhancement.Across regions,the most consistently reported benefits arise from reducing waste and improving operational control,including loss reduction,volt/VAR optimization,conservation voltage reduction,and distribution automation,particularly in systems with high baseline losses or frequent outages.Demand response,dynamic pricing,and managed electric vehicle(EV)charging can further lower emissions when they displace high-emitting marginal generation or align consumption with time-varying low-carbon supply;however,outcomes are highly sensitive to marginal emissions profiles and accounting methods.In highrenewable systems,forecasting,congestion management,and curtailment reduction emerge as high-leverage mechanisms,while distributed energy resource management systems/virtual power plant(DERMS/VPP)-enabled coordination can expand hosting capacity and substitute distributed flexibility for carbon-intensive balancing,contingent on interoperability and constraint-aware control.The review also highlights trade-offs that shape net benefits,including embodied impacts and e-waste from digital hardware,information and communication technologies(ICT)energy use,rebound and equity effects,and cyber-physical risks.We conclude with governance and research priorities for verifiable,secure,and lifecyclesustainable informatization.展开更多
To maximize the profits of power grid operators(GOs),load aggregators(LAs)and electricity customers(ECs),this paper proposes a hierarchical demand response(HDR)framework that considers competing interaction based on m...To maximize the profits of power grid operators(GOs),load aggregators(LAs)and electricity customers(ECs),this paper proposes a hierarchical demand response(HDR)framework that considers competing interaction based on multiagent deep deterministic policy gradient(MaDDPG).The ECs are divided into conventional ECs and the electric vehicles(EVs)which are managed by ECs agent(ECA)and EV agent(EVA)to exploit the flexibility of the HDR framework.Thus,the HDR is a tri-layer model determined by five types of agents engaging in competing interaction to maximize their own profits.To address the limitations of mathematical expression and participation scale in the Stackelberg game within the HDR model,a dynamic interaction mechanism is adopted.Moreover,to tackle the HDR involving various entities,the MaDDPG develops multiple agents to simulation the dynamic competing interactions between each subject as well as solve the problem of continuous action control.Furthermore,MaDDPG adopts soft target update and priority experience replay method to ensure stable and effective training,and makes the exploration strategy comprehensive by using exploration noise.Simulation studies are conducted to verify the performance of the MaDDPG with dynamic interaction mechanism in dealing with multilayer multi-agent continuous action control,compared to the double deep Q network(DDQN),deep Q network(DQN)and dueling DQN.Additionally,comparisons among the proposed HDR with the price based DR(PBDR)and incentive based DR(IBDR)are analyzed to investigate the flexibility of the HDR.展开更多
International trade serves as a crucial pathway for enhancing global food security and equality amid severe food crises worldwide.Under globalization,economic development has profoundly influenced food trade,while dis...International trade serves as a crucial pathway for enhancing global food security and equality amid severe food crises worldwide.Under globalization,economic development has profoundly influenced food trade,while disparities in food purchasing power among different economic development groups have led to uneven food security outcomes.However,the varying contributions of international trade to food security across these groups remain to be quantitatively elucidated.This study categorized countries into four economic development groups—high,high-medium,medium-low,and low—and examined changes in their food security scores from 2010 to 2019.The cross-group contributions of international trade to food security across these groups were compared.The results revealed that the food security score of the high economic development group was 9.22 times higher than that of the low economic development group.From 2010 to 2019,the high economic development group exhibited a significant upward trend in food security scores,whereas the low economic development group showed a significant decline.Moreover,international trade contributed significantly to both cross-group and within-group food security in the high economic development group,while its contribution to the low economic development group remained negligible.These findings demonstrated that international trade has further widened the food security gap between the high and low economic development groups,and its limited contribution to the low economic development group has failed to reverse the declining trend in their food security scores.This study quantified the divergent impacts of international trade on food security across economic development groups,providing valuable insights for optimizing global food trade policies—particularly in addressing the food security challenges faced by low econominc development group.展开更多
Seismic resilience(SR)has emerged as a critical focus in earthquake engineering to evaluate the ability of structures to endure,recover from,and adapt to seismic events.This study presents an entropy-based multicriter...Seismic resilience(SR)has emerged as a critical focus in earthquake engineering to evaluate the ability of structures to endure,recover from,and adapt to seismic events.This study presents an entropy-based multicriteria approach for selecting optimal intensity measures(IMs)to assess SR of structures.Eight representative IMs,derived from time histories and response spectrum are evaluated.Incremental dynamic analysis is con-ducted on a reinforced concrete structure,using engineering demand parameters such as the maximum interstory drift and floor acceleration to generate fragility curves via a probabilistic seismic demand model.The optimal IMs are identified through a multi-criteria decision-making process,with scores calculated using the entropy weight method to incorporate factors such as efficiency,proficiency,and uncertainty based on infor-mation entropy.An effective SR framework is derived from fragility results.The findings indicate that peak ground velocity and spectral IMs are the most effective,while energy-related IMs underestimate SR.The study highlights the importance of optimizing IMs for more accurate seismic resilience assessments.The proposed entropy-based multi-criteria approach is shown to be both reliable and effective for selecting optimal IMs in this context.展开更多
This paper develops an advanced framework for the operational optimization of integrated multi-energy systems that encompass electricity,gas,and heating networks.Introducing a cutting-edge stochastic gradient-enhanced...This paper develops an advanced framework for the operational optimization of integrated multi-energy systems that encompass electricity,gas,and heating networks.Introducing a cutting-edge stochastic gradient-enhanced distributionally robust optimization approach,this study integrates deep learning models,especially generative adversarial networks,to adeptly handle the inherent variability and uncertainties of renewable energy and fluctuating consumer demands.The effectiveness of this framework is rigorously tested through detailed simulations mirroring real-world urban energy consumption,renewable energy production,and market price fluctuations over an annual period.The results reveal substantial improvements in the resilience and efficiency of the grid,achieving a reduction in power distribution losses by 15%and enhancing voltage stability by 20%,markedly outperforming conventional systems.Additionally,the framework facilitates up to 25%in cost reductions during peak demand periods,significantly lowering operational costs.The adoption of stochastic gradients further refines the framework’s ability to continually adjust to real-time changes in environmental and market conditions,ensuring stable grid operations and fostering active consumer engagement in demand-side management.This strategy not only aligns with contem-porary sustainable energy practices but also provides scalable and robust solutions to pressing challenges in modern power network management.展开更多
To achieve the goals of sustainable development of the energy system and the construction of a lowcarbon society,this study proposes a multi-energy storage collaborative optimization strategy for industrial park that ...To achieve the goals of sustainable development of the energy system and the construction of a lowcarbon society,this study proposes a multi-energy storage collaborative optimization strategy for industrial park that integrates the laddered carbon trading mechanism with demand response.Firstly,a dual dimensional DR model is constructed based on the characteristics of load elasticity.The alternativeDRenables flexible substitution of energy loads through complementary conversion of electricity/heat/cold multi-energy sources,while the price DR relies on timeof-use electricity price signals to guide load spatiotemporal migration;Secondly,the LCT mechanism is introduced to achieve optimal carbon emission costs through a tiered carbon quota allocation mechanism.On this basis,an optimization decision model is established with the core objective of maximizing the annual net profit of the park.The objective function takes into account energy sales revenue,generator unit costs,and investment and operation costs of multiple types of energy storage facilities.Themodel constraint system covers three key dimensions:dynamic operation constraints of power generation units,including unit output limits,ramping capability,and minimum start-stop time;the physical boundary of an electric/hot/cold multi-energy storage system involves energy storage capacity and charge/discharge efficiency;The multi-energy network coupling balance equation ensures that the energy conversion and transmission process satisfies the law of conservation of energy.Using CPLEX mathematical programming solver for simulation verification,construct an energy storage capacity configuration decision process that includes LCT-DR synergistic effect.The research results show that compared with the traditional single energy storage configuration mode,this strategy effectively enhances the economic feasibility and engineering practicality of industrial park operation by coordinating demand side resource scheduling and finely controlling carbon costs,while maintaining stable system operation.Its methodological framework provides a technical path that combines theoretical rigor and practical operability for the low-carbon transformation of regional integrated energy systems.展开更多
Understanding the spatial mach between water purification service supply and demand is crucial for optimizing watershed management and strengthening nature-society linkages,particularly in ecologically critical areas ...Understanding the spatial mach between water purification service supply and demand is crucial for optimizing watershed management and strengthening nature-society linkages,particularly in ecologically critical areas such as the Three Gorges Reservoir Area(TGRA).This study quantified the spatiotemporal patterns of water purification supply and demand by assessing the actual and potential non-point source pollution,and compared their mismatch ratio in the TGRA.Meanwhile,supply-demand reachability indicator was used to identify the water purification supply-demand relationship.Results showed that the TGRA generally maintained a balanced supply and demand relationship for water purification.Spatial analysis revealed that the ecosystem service demand and reachability indicator peaked in regions with>1000 m and>25°.Water purification exhibited High-High in the central Yangtze River corridor and southwestern TGRA,whereas Low-Low in the northern and southern regions.Driving analysis indicated climate factors significantly enhanced both supply(0.41)and demand(0.54),whereas soil factors exerted negative impacts on both supply(−0.37)and demand(−0.23).Topographic and socioeconomic factors also showed adverse,albeit relatively minor,effects.Based on the observed spatial mismatches,we propose shifting water purification governance strategies from aggregate control towards spatially targeted coordination that explicitly addresses distinct supply-demand relationships across different zones.展开更多
China Outlines 2026 Economic Agenda with Focus on Demand and Reform Fol lowing the an nual Cent ral Economic Work Conference in December,multiple Chinese government depar tments rolled out key priorities for 2026.The ...China Outlines 2026 Economic Agenda with Focus on Demand and Reform Fol lowing the an nual Cent ral Economic Work Conference in December,multiple Chinese government depar tments rolled out key priorities for 2026.The National Development and Reform Commission(NDRC)pledged measures to stabilize investment growth,including leveraging government funds and increasing central budget investment.展开更多
A comprehensive assessment of grain supply,demand,and ecosystem service flows is essential for identifying grain movement pathways,ensuring regional grain security,and guiding sustainable management strategies.However...A comprehensive assessment of grain supply,demand,and ecosystem service flows is essential for identifying grain movement pathways,ensuring regional grain security,and guiding sustainable management strategies.However,current studies primarily focus on short-term grain provision services while neglecting the spatiotemporal variations in grain flows across different scales.This gap limits the identification of dynamic matching relationships and the formulation of optimization strategies for balancing grain flows.This study examined the spatiotemporal evolution of grain supply and demand in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region from 1980 to 2020.Using the Enhanced TwoStep Floating Catchment Area method,the grain provision ecosystem service flows were quantified,the changes in supply–demand matching under different grain flow scenarios were analyzed and the optimal distance threshold for grain flows was investigated.The results revealed that grain production follows a spatial distribution pattern characterized by high levels in the southeast and low levels in the northwest.A significant mismatch exists between supply and demand,and it shows a scale effect.Deficit areas are mainly concentrated in the northwest,while surplus areas are mainly located in the central and southern regions.As the spatial scale increases,the ecosystem service supply–demand ratio(SDR)classification becomes more clustered,while it exhibits greater spatial SDR heterogeneity at smaller scales.This study examined two distinct scenarios of grain provision ecosystem service flow dynamics based on 100 and 200 km distance thresholds.The flow increased significantly,from 2.17 to 11.81million tons in the first scenario and from 2.41 to 12.37 million tons in the second scenario over nearly 40 years,forming a spatial movement pattern from the central and southern regions to the surrounding areas.Large flows were mainly concentrated in the interior of urban centers,with significant outflows between cities such as Baoding,Shijiazhuang,Xingtai,and Hengshui.At the county scale,supply–demand matching patterns remained consistent between the grain flows in the two scenarios.Notably,incorporating grain flow dynamics significantly reduced the number of grain-deficit areas compared to scenarios without grain flow.In 2020,grain-deficit counties decreased by28.79 and 37.88%,and cities by 12.50 and 25.0%under the two scenarios,respectively.Furthermore,the distance threshold for achieving optimal supply and demand matching at the county scale was longer than at the city scale in both grain flow scenarios.This study provides valuable insights into the dynamic relationships and heterogeneous patterns of grain matching,and expands the research perspective on grain and ecosystem service flows across various spatiotemporal scales.展开更多
Rising global change intensifies water scarcity in China’s vital Yellow River Basin grain region,which mounts the need for precise spatial water management.In this study,we investigated the irrigation water demand fo...Rising global change intensifies water scarcity in China’s vital Yellow River Basin grain region,which mounts the need for precise spatial water management.In this study,we investigated the irrigation water demand for seven major crops in cities at the prefecture level between 2000 and 2019.Using Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index(LMDI)decomposition and k-means clustering,we quantified how yield,area,water use efficiency,and cropping patterns affect water demand and identified five irrigation development clusters.Key water-saving areas were identified by tracking transitions among clusters,and NSGA-II was applied to optimize crop structure.The results revealed that the total irrigation demand in the Yellow River Basin averaged 50.09 billion m3/year,with wheat accounting for 54.7%.The increase in yield and area increased demand by 15.2 and 5.5 billion m3,respectively,which was partly offset by changes in water use efficiency and cropping pattern(−7.0 and−1.8 billion m^(3),respectively).Regions in the upper reaches,particularly within the Lanzhou-Toudaoguai section,were identified as critical for water conservation.Optimization of the cropping structure in key regions can reduce annual irrigation water demand by 280 million m3,which accounts for 4.9%of the total demand in these areas,with minimal impact on crop production.This study provides a spatially explicit basis for targeted water conservation strategies in water-scarce agricultural regions.展开更多
Neonicotinoids(NEOs),a fourth-generation pesticide group,are extensively utilized for crop protection in agriculture.However,their excessive use can negatively impact the environment and human health.Biodegradation of...Neonicotinoids(NEOs),a fourth-generation pesticide group,are extensively utilized for crop protection in agriculture.However,their excessive use can negatively impact the environment and human health.Biodegradation offers an eco-friendly method for eliminating these insecticides.This study employed bacterial strains Stutzerimonas sp.SA1 and Pseudomonas sp.SA3,isolated from pesticide-contaminated agricultural soil,to degrade the various NEOs including acetamiprid(AC),imidacloprid(IM),thiamethoxam(TH),and clothianidin(CL).Numerous intermediate compounds were detected during biodegradation,and potential pathways were discussed.The highest reduction of chemical oxygen demand of clothianidin(87%)and acetamiprid(72%)were observed in Stutzerimonas sp.SA1 and Pseudomonas sp.SA3 were AC 72%and CL 66%respectively.A bacterial consortium effectively breakdown the NEOs through the secretion of nitrile hydratase(NH)enzyme.Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy results confirmed the presence of functional groups alkane and carbonyl in the NEOs residue.The Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry data revealed that the Stutzerimonas sp.SA1 has the highest potential of biodegradation efficiency(BE)AC(89%)and IM(87%)than the other NEOs respectively.The Pseudomonas sp.SA3 shoved the higher BE in the AC(90%),IM(97%)and TH(85%)than the bacterium Stutzerimonas sp.SA1.The results suggest that these bacteria produce the degradative enzymes effectively and utilize the NEOs as a carbon source.The results suggest that these bacteria produce the NH degradative enzymes and utilize the NEOs as a carbon source.In conclusion,the strains Stutzerimonas sp.SA1 and Pseudomonas sp.SA3 were identified as potential candidate for the biomineralization and removal of NEOs contaminated environment.展开更多
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/energy-and-buildings/vol/354/suppl/C Volume 354,1 March 2026[OA](1)Rule-based peak shaving strategy with battery storage:Evaluating socio-economic impacts in regional grids by Md ...https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/energy-and-buildings/vol/354/suppl/C Volume 354,1 March 2026[OA](1)Rule-based peak shaving strategy with battery storage:Evaluating socio-economic impacts in regional grids by Md Masud Rana,Huadong Mo,Mohd Fakhizan Romlie,et al,Article 116983 Abstract:The Australian electricity framework includes several demand tariff structures,with peak demand charges constituting a significant cost component for consumers.Efficient peak load shaving techniques can mitigate these charges,leading to substantial economic benefits to the power suppliers,consumers,and society.展开更多
1. Know macro-control policy in the auto industry Foreign companies should know the follow-ing policy measures of macro-control by Chinese government when they enter Chinese car mar-ket. ◇All car and engine projects,...1. Know macro-control policy in the auto industry Foreign companies should know the follow-ing policy measures of macro-control by Chinese government when they enter Chinese car mar-ket. ◇All car and engine projects, whatever the amount of investment, shall be approved by the state, rather than the ministries or local govern-展开更多
This paper introduces a method for modeling the entire aggregated electric vehicle(EV)charging process and analyzing its dispatchable capabilities.The methodology involves developing a model for aggregated EV charging...This paper introduces a method for modeling the entire aggregated electric vehicle(EV)charging process and analyzing its dispatchable capabilities.The methodology involves developing a model for aggregated EV charging at the charging station level,estimating its physical dispatchable capability,determining its economic dispatchable capability under economic incentives,modeling its participation in the grid,and investigating the effects of different scenarios and EV penetration on the aggregated load dispatch and dispatchable capability.The results indicate that using economic dispatchable capability reduces charging prices by 9.7%compared to physical dispatchable capability and 9.3%compared to disorderly charging.Additionally,the peak-to-valley difference is reduced by 64.6%when applying economic dispatchable capability with 20%EV penetration and residential base load,compared to disorderly charging.展开更多
As a crucial human activity,dam construction can profoundly impact the surface hydrology patterns.The Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR),as one of the largest hydraulic engineering projects in the world,has gained continuous...As a crucial human activity,dam construction can profoundly impact the surface hydrology patterns.The Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR),as one of the largest hydraulic engineering projects in the world,has gained continuous attention for its eco-hydrological effects.However,further investigation is necessary to understand the runoff and social impacts of the TGR on the Upper Yangtze River.This study first employed a modified SWAT model to simulate runoff,compared scenarios with and without the TGR,and finally evaluated water supply and demand in the Upper Yangtze River.The results showed a significant increasing trend in the surface water area of the Upper Yangtze River from 2000-2020.The modified SWAT model performs well in simulating the runoff,with Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency and Percent Bias improved by 0.04-0.30 and 2-31.90,respectively.Scenario simulation results revealed that the TGR reduced seasonal differences in runoff.During the flood season,the runoff volume at the Yichang Station in the scenario with the TGR is lower than in the scenario without the TGR,peaking at 4500 m3/s.Conversely,in the dry season,the runoff volume of the scenario with TGR is higher,with a maximum increase of 1500 m3/s.The region exhibiting the greatest runoff variations is the Yangtze River's main stem in the Three Gorges Reservoir region.Besides,the TGR notably alleviated the water supply-demand imbalance in Chongqing during the winter and spring seasons,with a maximum increase of 0.16 in the supplydemand index.This study can contribute significantly to understanding the natural and social impacts of the TGR from the perspective of hydrological and scenario simulation.展开更多
At the beginning of 2025,China’s national carbon market carbon price trend exhibited a continuous unilateral downward trajectory,representing a departure from the overall steady upward trend in carbon prices since th...At the beginning of 2025,China’s national carbon market carbon price trend exhibited a continuous unilateral downward trajectory,representing a departure from the overall steady upward trend in carbon prices since the carbon market launched in 2021.The analysis suggests that the primary reason for the recent decline in carbon prices is the reversal of supply and demand dynamics in the carbon market,with increased quota supply amid a sluggish economy.It is expected that downward pressure on carbon prices will persist in the short term,but with more industries being included and continued policy optimization and improvement,a rise in China’s medium-to long-term carbon prices is highly probable.Recommendations for enterprises involved in carbon asset operations and management:first,refining carbon asset reserves and trading strategies;second,accelerating internal CCER project development;third,exploring carbon financial instrument applications;fourth,establishing and improving internal carbon pricing mechanisms;fifth,proactively planning for new industry inclusion.展开更多
基金Supported by the Forestry Industry Public Welfare Project of State Forestry Bureau(200904001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC J0730641)~~
文摘[Objective] This study was to analyze the several nutrient elements de- manded for the growth of Wolffia globosa with the aim to provide references for the improvement on the formula of nutrient solution for the cultivation of Wolffia globosa. [Method] The basic conditions of the pond were simulated in the greenhouse, and nutrient solution was added to cultivate Wolffia globosa. The main element composi- tions of the experimental water, wild water and dried Wolffia globosa were detected by inductively coupled plasma spectrometer （ICP） and element analyzer, in order to study the nutrient demand for Wolffia globosa growth. And the absorption of N, P, K and consumption of P for the growth of Wolffia globosa were also analyzed. [Re- suit] The Wolffia globosa biomass of the experimental group which cultivated by adding nutrient solution increased over time, and after 2 weeks, the average capacity was significantly more than initial capacity; and the average capacity of the control group without nutrient solution was significantly lower than initial capacity, indicating that the addition of nutrient solution has obvious effect on the growth of Wolffia glo- bosa. However, the biomass of the experimental group was no longer increase after 2 weeks, indicating that there are some inhibitory factors in the incubators of the experimental group. The element detection results were as follows： the content pro- portions of N, P and K were 3.8：1：2.8, 11.5：1：17 and 5.2：1：6.8 in the experimental water, wild water and drying Wolffia globosa, respectively. The N, P, K in the water of experimental group was not exhausted, while the contents of Ca and Zn in three experimental incubators were below the limit of detection （ND）. And the contents of Mn in incubators No.l-No.3 were ND, 0.05 and 0.38 mg/L, respectively, presenting positive correlation with the biomass of Wolffia globosa. The inhibitory growth of Wolffia globosa is closely related with the absence of Ca, Mn and Zn in the nutrient solution. [Conclusion] The experimental results provided valuable parameters for the improvement on the formula of the original nutrient solution.
文摘Agricultural Products Processing and Storage(ISSN 3059-4510,Owner:Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China.Production and hosting:Springer Nature)is an international,peer-reviewed open access journal with the aim to offer a platform for the rapid dissemination of significant,novel,and high-impact research in the fields of agricultural product processing science,technology,engineering,and nutrition.Additionally,supplemental issues are curated and published to facilitate in-depth discussions on special topics.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFB2401200)National Natural Science Foundation of China(72242105)Organized Research Support Program,Department of Electrical Engineering,Tsinghua University.
文摘With the increasing penetration of variable renewable energy,flexible resources are highly needed to hedge the growing uncertainty,and variability in the power system.Demand response has served as a cost-effective type of flexible resource in recent years.In order to balance the uncertainty of the system,it is crucial to assess how much flexibility demand response programs can provide.Thus,forecasting demand response potential is important for the operation of the bulk system.This paper proposes a modeling approach that can characterize the multi-timescale flexibility of demand response so that not only the power potential but also temporal-coupling characteristics can be considered.Furthermore,a day-ahead demand response potential forecasting method is proposed using deep convolutional generative adversarial networks.The proposed forecasting method is tested using data from 170 users in Pecan Street Dataport.The results show that the proposed method can forecast the multi-timescale flexibility of demand response with high accuracy.
文摘East Africa’s construction boom draws Chinese heavy machinery manufacturers and distributors The booming construction of new housing and commercial units has led to unprecedented demand for heavy construction equipment in Nairobi,Kenya.
文摘The informatization of the grid,i.e.,the incorporation of sensing,communications,data platforms,analytics,and automation in the running of power systems,has turned out to be a vital facilitator of environmental mitigation as power systems increasingly take up larger proportions of variable renewables,distributed energy resources(DERs),and electrified end uses.The review summarizes the worldwide evidence related to the ability of informatization-based smart grid applications to lower the environmental impact in six pathways,namely efficiency improvement,flexibility activation,renewable integration,DER coordination,electrification management,and resilience enhancement.Across regions,the most consistently reported benefits arise from reducing waste and improving operational control,including loss reduction,volt/VAR optimization,conservation voltage reduction,and distribution automation,particularly in systems with high baseline losses or frequent outages.Demand response,dynamic pricing,and managed electric vehicle(EV)charging can further lower emissions when they displace high-emitting marginal generation or align consumption with time-varying low-carbon supply;however,outcomes are highly sensitive to marginal emissions profiles and accounting methods.In highrenewable systems,forecasting,congestion management,and curtailment reduction emerge as high-leverage mechanisms,while distributed energy resource management systems/virtual power plant(DERMS/VPP)-enabled coordination can expand hosting capacity and substitute distributed flexibility for carbon-intensive balancing,contingent on interoperability and constraint-aware control.The review also highlights trade-offs that shape net benefits,including embodied impacts and e-waste from digital hardware,information and communication technologies(ICT)energy use,rebound and equity effects,and cyber-physical risks.We conclude with governance and research priorities for verifiable,secure,and lifecyclesustainable informatization.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52477097)the GuangDong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515240014)the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology(Grant No.AET 2024KF005).
文摘To maximize the profits of power grid operators(GOs),load aggregators(LAs)and electricity customers(ECs),this paper proposes a hierarchical demand response(HDR)framework that considers competing interaction based on multiagent deep deterministic policy gradient(MaDDPG).The ECs are divided into conventional ECs and the electric vehicles(EVs)which are managed by ECs agent(ECA)and EV agent(EVA)to exploit the flexibility of the HDR framework.Thus,the HDR is a tri-layer model determined by five types of agents engaging in competing interaction to maximize their own profits.To address the limitations of mathematical expression and participation scale in the Stackelberg game within the HDR model,a dynamic interaction mechanism is adopted.Moreover,to tackle the HDR involving various entities,the MaDDPG develops multiple agents to simulation the dynamic competing interactions between each subject as well as solve the problem of continuous action control.Furthermore,MaDDPG adopts soft target update and priority experience replay method to ensure stable and effective training,and makes the exploration strategy comprehensive by using exploration noise.Simulation studies are conducted to verify the performance of the MaDDPG with dynamic interaction mechanism in dealing with multilayer multi-agent continuous action control,compared to the double deep Q network(DDQN),deep Q network(DQN)and dueling DQN.Additionally,comparisons among the proposed HDR with the price based DR(PBDR)and incentive based DR(IBDR)are analyzed to investigate the flexibility of the HDR.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.42361144888 and 42401308)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2024YFF1309200).
文摘International trade serves as a crucial pathway for enhancing global food security and equality amid severe food crises worldwide.Under globalization,economic development has profoundly influenced food trade,while disparities in food purchasing power among different economic development groups have led to uneven food security outcomes.However,the varying contributions of international trade to food security across these groups remain to be quantitatively elucidated.This study categorized countries into four economic development groups—high,high-medium,medium-low,and low—and examined changes in their food security scores from 2010 to 2019.The cross-group contributions of international trade to food security across these groups were compared.The results revealed that the food security score of the high economic development group was 9.22 times higher than that of the low economic development group.From 2010 to 2019,the high economic development group exhibited a significant upward trend in food security scores,whereas the low economic development group showed a significant decline.Moreover,international trade contributed significantly to both cross-group and within-group food security in the high economic development group,while its contribution to the low economic development group remained negligible.These findings demonstrated that international trade has further widened the food security gap between the high and low economic development groups,and its limited contribution to the low economic development group has failed to reverse the declining trend in their food security scores.This study quantified the divergent impacts of international trade on food security across economic development groups,providing valuable insights for optimizing global food trade policies—particularly in addressing the food security challenges faced by low econominc development group.
基金partly supported by Engineering Partners Inter-national,LLC,Richfield,MN 55423(PC13803,482842-58309).
文摘Seismic resilience(SR)has emerged as a critical focus in earthquake engineering to evaluate the ability of structures to endure,recover from,and adapt to seismic events.This study presents an entropy-based multicriteria approach for selecting optimal intensity measures(IMs)to assess SR of structures.Eight representative IMs,derived from time histories and response spectrum are evaluated.Incremental dynamic analysis is con-ducted on a reinforced concrete structure,using engineering demand parameters such as the maximum interstory drift and floor acceleration to generate fragility curves via a probabilistic seismic demand model.The optimal IMs are identified through a multi-criteria decision-making process,with scores calculated using the entropy weight method to incorporate factors such as efficiency,proficiency,and uncertainty based on infor-mation entropy.An effective SR framework is derived from fragility results.The findings indicate that peak ground velocity and spectral IMs are the most effective,while energy-related IMs underestimate SR.The study highlights the importance of optimizing IMs for more accurate seismic resilience assessments.The proposed entropy-based multi-criteria approach is shown to be both reliable and effective for selecting optimal IMs in this context.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021ZD0112700).
文摘This paper develops an advanced framework for the operational optimization of integrated multi-energy systems that encompass electricity,gas,and heating networks.Introducing a cutting-edge stochastic gradient-enhanced distributionally robust optimization approach,this study integrates deep learning models,especially generative adversarial networks,to adeptly handle the inherent variability and uncertainties of renewable energy and fluctuating consumer demands.The effectiveness of this framework is rigorously tested through detailed simulations mirroring real-world urban energy consumption,renewable energy production,and market price fluctuations over an annual period.The results reveal substantial improvements in the resilience and efficiency of the grid,achieving a reduction in power distribution losses by 15%and enhancing voltage stability by 20%,markedly outperforming conventional systems.Additionally,the framework facilitates up to 25%in cost reductions during peak demand periods,significantly lowering operational costs.The adoption of stochastic gradients further refines the framework’s ability to continually adjust to real-time changes in environmental and market conditions,ensuring stable grid operations and fostering active consumer engagement in demand-side management.This strategy not only aligns with contem-porary sustainable energy practices but also provides scalable and robust solutions to pressing challenges in modern power network management.
基金funded by Science and Technology Projects from State Grid Corporation of China,(Research on Adaptive Balance Optimization and Simulation Technology of Industrial community Energy System with High Proportion of Distributed Energy,No.:5100-202355752A-3-4-SY).
文摘To achieve the goals of sustainable development of the energy system and the construction of a lowcarbon society,this study proposes a multi-energy storage collaborative optimization strategy for industrial park that integrates the laddered carbon trading mechanism with demand response.Firstly,a dual dimensional DR model is constructed based on the characteristics of load elasticity.The alternativeDRenables flexible substitution of energy loads through complementary conversion of electricity/heat/cold multi-energy sources,while the price DR relies on timeof-use electricity price signals to guide load spatiotemporal migration;Secondly,the LCT mechanism is introduced to achieve optimal carbon emission costs through a tiered carbon quota allocation mechanism.On this basis,an optimization decision model is established with the core objective of maximizing the annual net profit of the park.The objective function takes into account energy sales revenue,generator unit costs,and investment and operation costs of multiple types of energy storage facilities.Themodel constraint system covers three key dimensions:dynamic operation constraints of power generation units,including unit output limits,ramping capability,and minimum start-stop time;the physical boundary of an electric/hot/cold multi-energy storage system involves energy storage capacity and charge/discharge efficiency;The multi-energy network coupling balance equation ensures that the energy conversion and transmission process satisfies the law of conservation of energy.Using CPLEX mathematical programming solver for simulation verification,construct an energy storage capacity configuration decision process that includes LCT-DR synergistic effect.The research results show that compared with the traditional single energy storage configuration mode,this strategy effectively enhances the economic feasibility and engineering practicality of industrial park operation by coordinating demand side resource scheduling and finely controlling carbon costs,while maintaining stable system operation.Its methodological framework provides a technical path that combines theoretical rigor and practical operability for the low-carbon transformation of regional integrated energy systems.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant number 42471510,42001218)National Major Water Conservancy Project Construction(follow up to the Three Gorges Project)(No.12620202700221 J001,NO.102126222020270029030)General Project of Hubei Social Science Fund(No.2021211,HBSK2022YB357,HBSKJJ20233269,HBSKJJ20243233).
文摘Understanding the spatial mach between water purification service supply and demand is crucial for optimizing watershed management and strengthening nature-society linkages,particularly in ecologically critical areas such as the Three Gorges Reservoir Area(TGRA).This study quantified the spatiotemporal patterns of water purification supply and demand by assessing the actual and potential non-point source pollution,and compared their mismatch ratio in the TGRA.Meanwhile,supply-demand reachability indicator was used to identify the water purification supply-demand relationship.Results showed that the TGRA generally maintained a balanced supply and demand relationship for water purification.Spatial analysis revealed that the ecosystem service demand and reachability indicator peaked in regions with>1000 m and>25°.Water purification exhibited High-High in the central Yangtze River corridor and southwestern TGRA,whereas Low-Low in the northern and southern regions.Driving analysis indicated climate factors significantly enhanced both supply(0.41)and demand(0.54),whereas soil factors exerted negative impacts on both supply(−0.37)and demand(−0.23).Topographic and socioeconomic factors also showed adverse,albeit relatively minor,effects.Based on the observed spatial mismatches,we propose shifting water purification governance strategies from aggregate control towards spatially targeted coordination that explicitly addresses distinct supply-demand relationships across different zones.
文摘China Outlines 2026 Economic Agenda with Focus on Demand and Reform Fol lowing the an nual Cent ral Economic Work Conference in December,multiple Chinese government depar tments rolled out key priorities for 2026.The National Development and Reform Commission(NDRC)pledged measures to stabilize investment growth,including leveraging government funds and increasing central budget investment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42471336,52379021 and 42201278)the Hebei Province Backbone Talent Program,China(Returnee Platform for Overseas Study)(A20240028)+2 种基金the Hebei Province Statistical Science Research Project,China(2024HZ04)the Hebei Province Graduate Education and Teaching Reform Research Project,China(YJG2024046)the Innovation Ability Training Program for Postgraduate Students of Hebei Provincial Department of Education,China(CXZZSS2025048)。
文摘A comprehensive assessment of grain supply,demand,and ecosystem service flows is essential for identifying grain movement pathways,ensuring regional grain security,and guiding sustainable management strategies.However,current studies primarily focus on short-term grain provision services while neglecting the spatiotemporal variations in grain flows across different scales.This gap limits the identification of dynamic matching relationships and the formulation of optimization strategies for balancing grain flows.This study examined the spatiotemporal evolution of grain supply and demand in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region from 1980 to 2020.Using the Enhanced TwoStep Floating Catchment Area method,the grain provision ecosystem service flows were quantified,the changes in supply–demand matching under different grain flow scenarios were analyzed and the optimal distance threshold for grain flows was investigated.The results revealed that grain production follows a spatial distribution pattern characterized by high levels in the southeast and low levels in the northwest.A significant mismatch exists between supply and demand,and it shows a scale effect.Deficit areas are mainly concentrated in the northwest,while surplus areas are mainly located in the central and southern regions.As the spatial scale increases,the ecosystem service supply–demand ratio(SDR)classification becomes more clustered,while it exhibits greater spatial SDR heterogeneity at smaller scales.This study examined two distinct scenarios of grain provision ecosystem service flow dynamics based on 100 and 200 km distance thresholds.The flow increased significantly,from 2.17 to 11.81million tons in the first scenario and from 2.41 to 12.37 million tons in the second scenario over nearly 40 years,forming a spatial movement pattern from the central and southern regions to the surrounding areas.Large flows were mainly concentrated in the interior of urban centers,with significant outflows between cities such as Baoding,Shijiazhuang,Xingtai,and Hengshui.At the county scale,supply–demand matching patterns remained consistent between the grain flows in the two scenarios.Notably,incorporating grain flow dynamics significantly reduced the number of grain-deficit areas compared to scenarios without grain flow.In 2020,grain-deficit counties decreased by28.79 and 37.88%,and cities by 12.50 and 25.0%under the two scenarios,respectively.Furthermore,the distance threshold for achieving optimal supply and demand matching at the county scale was longer than at the city scale in both grain flow scenarios.This study provides valuable insights into the dynamic relationships and heterogeneous patterns of grain matching,and expands the research perspective on grain and ecosystem service flows across various spatiotemporal scales.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42041007。
文摘Rising global change intensifies water scarcity in China’s vital Yellow River Basin grain region,which mounts the need for precise spatial water management.In this study,we investigated the irrigation water demand for seven major crops in cities at the prefecture level between 2000 and 2019.Using Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index(LMDI)decomposition and k-means clustering,we quantified how yield,area,water use efficiency,and cropping patterns affect water demand and identified five irrigation development clusters.Key water-saving areas were identified by tracking transitions among clusters,and NSGA-II was applied to optimize crop structure.The results revealed that the total irrigation demand in the Yellow River Basin averaged 50.09 billion m3/year,with wheat accounting for 54.7%.The increase in yield and area increased demand by 15.2 and 5.5 billion m3,respectively,which was partly offset by changes in water use efficiency and cropping pattern(−7.0 and−1.8 billion m^(3),respectively).Regions in the upper reaches,particularly within the Lanzhou-Toudaoguai section,were identified as critical for water conservation.Optimization of the cropping structure in key regions can reduce annual irrigation water demand by 280 million m3,which accounts for 4.9%of the total demand in these areas,with minimal impact on crop production.This study provides a spatially explicit basis for targeted water conservation strategies in water-scarce agricultural regions.
基金supported by the Ongoing Research Funding program(No.ORF-2025-398),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Neonicotinoids(NEOs),a fourth-generation pesticide group,are extensively utilized for crop protection in agriculture.However,their excessive use can negatively impact the environment and human health.Biodegradation offers an eco-friendly method for eliminating these insecticides.This study employed bacterial strains Stutzerimonas sp.SA1 and Pseudomonas sp.SA3,isolated from pesticide-contaminated agricultural soil,to degrade the various NEOs including acetamiprid(AC),imidacloprid(IM),thiamethoxam(TH),and clothianidin(CL).Numerous intermediate compounds were detected during biodegradation,and potential pathways were discussed.The highest reduction of chemical oxygen demand of clothianidin(87%)and acetamiprid(72%)were observed in Stutzerimonas sp.SA1 and Pseudomonas sp.SA3 were AC 72%and CL 66%respectively.A bacterial consortium effectively breakdown the NEOs through the secretion of nitrile hydratase(NH)enzyme.Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy results confirmed the presence of functional groups alkane and carbonyl in the NEOs residue.The Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry data revealed that the Stutzerimonas sp.SA1 has the highest potential of biodegradation efficiency(BE)AC(89%)and IM(87%)than the other NEOs respectively.The Pseudomonas sp.SA3 shoved the higher BE in the AC(90%),IM(97%)and TH(85%)than the bacterium Stutzerimonas sp.SA1.The results suggest that these bacteria produce the degradative enzymes effectively and utilize the NEOs as a carbon source.The results suggest that these bacteria produce the NH degradative enzymes and utilize the NEOs as a carbon source.In conclusion,the strains Stutzerimonas sp.SA1 and Pseudomonas sp.SA3 were identified as potential candidate for the biomineralization and removal of NEOs contaminated environment.
文摘https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/energy-and-buildings/vol/354/suppl/C Volume 354,1 March 2026[OA](1)Rule-based peak shaving strategy with battery storage:Evaluating socio-economic impacts in regional grids by Md Masud Rana,Huadong Mo,Mohd Fakhizan Romlie,et al,Article 116983 Abstract:The Australian electricity framework includes several demand tariff structures,with peak demand charges constituting a significant cost component for consumers.Efficient peak load shaving techniques can mitigate these charges,leading to substantial economic benefits to the power suppliers,consumers,and society.
文摘1. Know macro-control policy in the auto industry Foreign companies should know the follow-ing policy measures of macro-control by Chinese government when they enter Chinese car mar-ket. ◇All car and engine projects, whatever the amount of investment, shall be approved by the state, rather than the ministries or local govern-
基金State Grid Henan Power Company Science and Technology Project‘Key Technology and Demonstration Application of Multi-Domain Electric Vehicle Aggregated Charging Load Dispatch’(5217L0240003).
文摘This paper introduces a method for modeling the entire aggregated electric vehicle(EV)charging process and analyzing its dispatchable capabilities.The methodology involves developing a model for aggregated EV charging at the charging station level,estimating its physical dispatchable capability,determining its economic dispatchable capability under economic incentives,modeling its participation in the grid,and investigating the effects of different scenarios and EV penetration on the aggregated load dispatch and dispatchable capability.The results indicate that using economic dispatchable capability reduces charging prices by 9.7%compared to physical dispatchable capability and 9.3%compared to disorderly charging.Additionally,the peak-to-valley difference is reduced by 64.6%when applying economic dispatchable capability with 20%EV penetration and residential base load,compared to disorderly charging.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41975044,42371354,41801021,42101385)Open Fund of Hubei Luojia Laboratory(No.2201000043)the Fundamental Research Funds for National Universities,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan。
文摘As a crucial human activity,dam construction can profoundly impact the surface hydrology patterns.The Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR),as one of the largest hydraulic engineering projects in the world,has gained continuous attention for its eco-hydrological effects.However,further investigation is necessary to understand the runoff and social impacts of the TGR on the Upper Yangtze River.This study first employed a modified SWAT model to simulate runoff,compared scenarios with and without the TGR,and finally evaluated water supply and demand in the Upper Yangtze River.The results showed a significant increasing trend in the surface water area of the Upper Yangtze River from 2000-2020.The modified SWAT model performs well in simulating the runoff,with Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency and Percent Bias improved by 0.04-0.30 and 2-31.90,respectively.Scenario simulation results revealed that the TGR reduced seasonal differences in runoff.During the flood season,the runoff volume at the Yichang Station in the scenario with the TGR is lower than in the scenario without the TGR,peaking at 4500 m3/s.Conversely,in the dry season,the runoff volume of the scenario with TGR is higher,with a maximum increase of 1500 m3/s.The region exhibiting the greatest runoff variations is the Yangtze River's main stem in the Three Gorges Reservoir region.Besides,the TGR notably alleviated the water supply-demand imbalance in Chongqing during the winter and spring seasons,with a maximum increase of 0.16 in the supplydemand index.This study can contribute significantly to understanding the natural and social impacts of the TGR from the perspective of hydrological and scenario simulation.
文摘At the beginning of 2025,China’s national carbon market carbon price trend exhibited a continuous unilateral downward trajectory,representing a departure from the overall steady upward trend in carbon prices since the carbon market launched in 2021.The analysis suggests that the primary reason for the recent decline in carbon prices is the reversal of supply and demand dynamics in the carbon market,with increased quota supply amid a sluggish economy.It is expected that downward pressure on carbon prices will persist in the short term,but with more industries being included and continued policy optimization and improvement,a rise in China’s medium-to long-term carbon prices is highly probable.Recommendations for enterprises involved in carbon asset operations and management:first,refining carbon asset reserves and trading strategies;second,accelerating internal CCER project development;third,exploring carbon financial instrument applications;fourth,establishing and improving internal carbon pricing mechanisms;fifth,proactively planning for new industry inclusion.
