The human retina,a complex and highly specialized structure,includes multiple cell types that work synergistically to generate and transmit visual signals.However,genetic predisposition or age-related degeneration can...The human retina,a complex and highly specialized structure,includes multiple cell types that work synergistically to generate and transmit visual signals.However,genetic predisposition or age-related degeneration can lead to retinal damage that severely impairs vision or causes blindness.Treatment options for retinal diseases are limited,and there is an urgent need for innovative therapeutic strategies.Cell and gene therapies are promising because of the efficacy of delivery systems that transport therapeutic genes to targeted retinal cells.Gene delivery systems hold great promise for treating retinal diseases by enabling the targeted delivery of therapeutic genes to affected cells or by converting endogenous cells into functional ones to facilitate nerve regeneration,potentially restoring vision.This review focuses on two principal categories of gene delivery vectors used in the treatment of retinal diseases:viral and non-viral systems.Viral vectors,including lentiviruses and adeno-associated viruses,exploit the innate ability of viruses to infiltrate cells,which is followed by the introduction of therapeutic genetic material into target cells for gene correction.Lentiviruses can accommodate exogenous genes up to 8 kb in length,but their mechanism of integration into the host genome presents insertion mutation risks.Conversely,adeno-associated viruses are safer,as they exist as episomes in the nucleus,yet their limited packaging capacity constrains their application to a narrower spectrum of diseases,which necessitates the exploration of alternative delivery methods.In parallel,progress has also occurred in the development of novel non-viral delivery systems,particularly those based on liposomal technology.Manipulation of the ratios of hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules within liposomes and the development of new lipid formulations have led to the creation of advanced non-viral vectors.These innovative systems include solid lipid nanoparticles,polymer nanoparticles,dendrimers,polymeric micelles,and polymeric nanoparticles.Compared with their viral counterparts,non-viral delivery systems offer markedly enhanced loading capacities that enable the direct delivery of nucleic acids,mRNA,or protein molecules into cells.This bypasses the need for DNA transcription and processing,which significantly enhances therapeutic efficiency.Nevertheless,the immunogenic potential and accumulation toxicity associated with non-viral particulate systems necessitates continued optimization to reduce adverse effects in vivo.This review explores the various delivery systems for retinal therapies and retinal nerve regeneration,and details the characteristics,advantages,limitations,and clinical applications of each vector type.By systematically outlining these factors,our goal is to guide the selection of the optimal delivery tool for a specific retinal disease,which will enhance treatment efficacy and improve patient outcomes while paving the way for more effective and targeted therapeutic interventions.展开更多
A recently published study(Xin et al.,Prog Biochem Biophys,2026,53(2):431-441.DOI:10.3724/j.pibb.2025.0508)addresses the therapeutic challenges of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)by innovatively developing an or...A recently published study(Xin et al.,Prog Biochem Biophys,2026,53(2):431-441.DOI:10.3724/j.pibb.2025.0508)addresses the therapeutic challenges of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)by innovatively developing an orally administered nanogene delivery system.Designed to achieve in situ,efficient delivery of chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)genes to tumor sites,this approach offers a novel strategy for CAR-macrophage(CAR-M)based immunotherapy.Its key highlights are as follows.展开更多
The mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke are complex and multifactorial and include excitotoxicity,oxidative stress,inflammatory responses,and blood–brain barrier disruption.While vascular rec...The mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke are complex and multifactorial and include excitotoxicity,oxidative stress,inflammatory responses,and blood–brain barrier disruption.While vascular recanalization treatments such as thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy have achieved some success,reperfusion injury remains a significant contributor to the exacerbation of brain injury.This emphasizes the need for developing neuroprotective strategies to mitigate this type of injury.The purpose of this review was to examine the application of nanotechnology in the treatment of ischemic stroke,covering research progress in nanoparticlebased drug delivery,targeted therapy,and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory applications.Nanobased drug delivery systems offer several advantages compared to traditional therapies,including enhanced blood–brain barrier penetration,prolonged drug circulation time,improved drug stability,and targeted delivery.For example,inorganic nanoparticles,such as those based on CeO_(2),have been widely studied for their strong antioxidant capabilities.Biomimetic nanoparticles,such as those coated with cell membranes,have garnered significant attention owing to their excellent biocompatibility and targeting abilities.Nanoparticles can be used to deliver a wide range of neuroprotective agents,such as antioxidants(e.g.,edaravone),anti-inflammatory drugs(e.g.,curcumin),and neurotrophic factors.Nanotechnology significantly enhances the efficacy of these drugs while minimizing adverse reactions.Although nanotechnology has demonstrated great potential in animal studies,its clinical application still faces several challenges,including the long-term safety of nanoparticles,the feasibility of large-scale production,quality control,and the ability to predict therapeutic effects in humans.In summary,nanotechnology holds significant promise for the treatment of ischemic stroke.Future research should focus on further exploring the mechanisms of action of nanoparticles,developing multifunctional nanoparticles,and validating their safety and efficacy through rigorous clinical trials.Moreover,interdisciplinary collaboration is essential for advancing the use of nanotechnology in stroke treatment.展开更多
Every developing country has plans.Five-year frameworks,industrial master plans and poverty reduction strategies accumulate in ministerial offices year after year.Shelves fill.Expectations rise.Outcomes lag.The proble...Every developing country has plans.Five-year frameworks,industrial master plans and poverty reduction strategies accumulate in ministerial offices year after year.Shelves fill.Expectations rise.Outcomes lag.The problem is rarely vision.It is execution.China’s annual Two Sessions offer a window for the outside world to understand China’s governance system.Formally,they are the concurrent meetings of the National People’s Congress(NPC)and the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference.Substantively,they function as the central coordination mechanism of a developmental state that treats governance as an exercise in disciplined delivery.展开更多
Food-grade biopolymers and nanotechnology have been increasingly used to revolutionize the delivery of bioactive compounds by enhancing stability,bioavailability,and controlled release.Within the scope of nanoencapsul...Food-grade biopolymers and nanotechnology have been increasingly used to revolutionize the delivery of bioactive compounds by enhancing stability,bioavailability,and controlled release.Within the scope of nanoencapsulation systems,this review explores food-derived polymers such as vicilin,zein,gluten,cruciferin,inulin,and others.These biopolymers are ideal since they encapsulate numerous functional compounds,such as vitamins,probiotics,essential oils,and polyphenols,because they are biocompatible,amphiphilic,and biodegradable.The specific physical and chemical properties of each polymer,extraction procedures,and nanoencapsulation techniques applied therein(e.g.,ionic gelation and spray drying)are described.The review highlights advanced targeting systems like pH-sensitive,magnetic delivery.Additional applications include those in synergistic nutraceutical systems,oral administration of vaccination,and intelligent food packaging.All these findings demonstrate that food polymers are increasingly more viable as functional nanocarriers by way of increasing bioactive delivery and the shifting requirements of personalized and health-based dietary regimes.展开更多
1. Introduction Osteoarthritis(OA), traditionally viewed as a mechanical and degenerative condition, increasingly involves chronic,low-grade inflammation. Among implicated immune cells,activated macrophages are key dr...1. Introduction Osteoarthritis(OA), traditionally viewed as a mechanical and degenerative condition, increasingly involves chronic,low-grade inflammation. Among implicated immune cells,activated macrophages are key drivers of synovitis and cartilage degradation [1], spurring interest in therapies that selectively modulate macrophage activity within the joint while sparing other resident cells.展开更多
Malignant pleural effusion(MPE) is a serious disease caused by malignant tumors with high morbidity and mortality.Chemotherapy,immunotherapy,and antiangiogenic therapy are common treatments for MPE at present.However,...Malignant pleural effusion(MPE) is a serious disease caused by malignant tumors with high morbidity and mortality.Chemotherapy,immunotherapy,and antiangiogenic therapy are common treatments for MPE at present.However,traditional chemotherapeutic drugs have many side effects and can easily lead to drug resistance in patients.The complex tumor microenvironment(TME) of MPE directly reduces the antitumor efficacy of immunotherapy.Fortunately,drug delivery systems(DDSs) based on biomaterials have the ability to overcome some of the drawbacks of conventional treatments by improving drug stability,increasing the accuracy of tumor cell targeting,reducing toxic side effects,and remodeling TME,ultimately improving drug efficacy.Therefore,the purpose of this review is to provide an overview and discussion of the latest progress in biomaterial-based DDSs for the treatment of MPE.We discuss the application of biomaterials in the treatment of MPE from multiple perspectives,including chemotherapy,immunotherapy,combination therapy,and pleurodesis,where microspheres,cell membrane-derived microparticles(MPs),micelles,nanoparticles,and liposomes,are involved.The application of these biomaterials has been proven to have great potential in the treatment of MPE,providing a new idea for follow-up research.展开更多
Neodymium selenide nanoparticles were synthesized and surface-modified usingβ-cyclodextrin-citrate to control agglomeration and achieve the desired particle size.The nanoparticles were characterized by various techni...Neodymium selenide nanoparticles were synthesized and surface-modified usingβ-cyclodextrin-citrate to control agglomeration and achieve the desired particle size.The nanoparticles were characterized by various techniques,including X-ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).XRD results reveal high crystallinity,with characteristic peaks corresponding to Nd_(2)Se_(3),while TEM analysis shows rod-shaped nanoparticles with an average size of~55 nm.The presence of neodymium and selenium in the+3 oxidation state was confirmed by XPS.Thermogravimetric analysis indicates that theβ-cyclodextrin-citrate coating accounts for approximately30%of the nanoparticle mass and remains stable up to 800℃.The optical properties of the nanoparticles were studied using UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy,revealing broad absorption in the UV and NIR regions.Magnetic characterization shows soft ferromagnetic behavior,with a saturation magnetization value of0.20 emu/g.The nanoparticles were used for controlled release of 5-fluorouracil,exhibiting a pHsensitive release profile.Studies on MCF-7 cells demonstrate that 5-fluorouracil-loade d nanoparticles enhance cytotoxicity,reactive oxygen species generation,and apoptosis compared to bare nanoparticles.The IC_(50) value of(13.78±1.24)μg/mL indicates a significantly high cytotoxic activity of the drug-loaded nanoparticles against breast cancer cell lines.These findings suggest that the nanoparticles are a promising drug delivery system for enhanced cancer treatment,combining the controlled drug release with targeted cellular effects.展开更多
Two supramolecular organic frameworks(SOFs)have been constructed from the co-assembly of biimidazolium-derived octacationic components and cucurbit[8]uril in water.Dynamic light scattering and ^(1)H NMR experiments re...Two supramolecular organic frameworks(SOFs)have been constructed from the co-assembly of biimidazolium-derived octacationic components and cucurbit[8]uril in water.Dynamic light scattering and ^(1)H NMR experiments reveal that both SOFs can undergo reversible assembly and disassembly at room temperature.One of the SOFs displays unprecedently high maximum tolerated dose of 120 mg/kg with mice,which improves by 40%compared with the highest value of the reported SOFs.In vitro and in vivo tests show that the SOF can adsorb doxorubicin and overcome the resistance of multidrugresistant MDR A549/ADR tumor cells to realize intracellular delivery,leading to enhanced antitumor efficacy.Moreover,it can also completely inhibit the posttreatment phototoxicity of photofrin and fully neutralize the anticoagulation of both unfractionated heparin and low molecular weight heparins through efficient inclusion and elimination or sequestration mechanism.As the first examples that undergo roomtemperature reversible assembly and disassembly,the new SOFs in principle allow for quantitative analysis of the molecular components in the body that is prerequisite for preclinical evaluation in the future.展开更多
Ischemic stroke is a secondary cause of mortality worldwide,imposing considerable medical and economic burdens on society.Extracellular vesicles,serving as natural nanocarriers for drug delivery,exhibit excellent bioc...Ischemic stroke is a secondary cause of mortality worldwide,imposing considerable medical and economic burdens on society.Extracellular vesicles,serving as natural nanocarriers for drug delivery,exhibit excellent biocompatibility in vivo and have significant advantages in the management of ischemic stroke.However,the uncertain distribution and rapid clearance of extracellular vesicles impede their delivery efficiency.By utilizing membrane decoration or by encapsulating therapeutic cargo within extracellular vesicles,their delivery efficacy may be greatly improved.Furthermore,previous studies have indicated that microvesicles,a subset of large-sized extracellular vesicles,can transport mitochondria to neighboring cells,thereby aiding in the restoration of mitochondrial function post-ischemic stroke.Small extracellular vesicles have also demonstrated the capability to transfer mitochondrial components,such as proteins or deoxyribonucleic acid,or their sub-components,for extracellular vesicle-based ischemic stroke therapy.In this review,we undertake a comparative analysis of the isolation techniques employed for extracellular vesicles and present an overview of the current dominant extracellular vesicle modification methodologies.Given the complex facets of treating ischemic stroke,we also delineate various extracellular vesicle modification approaches which are suited to different facets of the treatment process.Moreover,given the burgeoning interest in mitochondrial delivery,we delved into the feasibility and existing research findings on the transportation of mitochondrial fractions or intact mitochondria through small extracellular vesicles and microvesicles to offer a fresh perspective on ischemic stroke therapy.展开更多
Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is one of the most prevalent systemic autoimmune inflammatory diseases worldwide,causing chronic,progressively worsening arthritis that may ultimately lead to disability.Despite the availabilit...Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is one of the most prevalent systemic autoimmune inflammatory diseases worldwide,causing chronic,progressively worsening arthritis that may ultimately lead to disability.Despite the availability of numerous therapeutic agents,limitations exhibit,including poor aqueous solubility,suboptimal stability,inadequate permeability,short half-lives,and multi-organ toxicity during long-term or high-dose administration.Nanoparticle-based drug delivery offers a robust strategy to mitigate these deficiencies while maximizing therapeutic efficacy through controlled-release mechanisms and rational administration route design.This review systematically summarizes recent advancements in nanoparticle drug delivery strategies for RA treatment from the perspective of three distinct mechanisms.It details the design rationales,therapeutic principles,and effects of various delivery systems,with particular emphasis on their interactions with the disease microenvironment and the entire body.展开更多
Conventional nutritional supplements frequently demonstrate limited clinical effectiveness due to the harsh milieu of the gastrointestinal tract,inefficient transepithelial transport,and rapid systemic clearance.Nanol...Conventional nutritional supplements frequently demonstrate limited clinical effectiveness due to the harsh milieu of the gastrointestinal tract,inefficient transepithelial transport,and rapid systemic clearance.Nanoliposomal delivery platforms-lipid bilayer vesicles on the nanometer scale-have attracted attention as an adaptive strategy to shield sensitive nutrients,navigate biological barriers,and deliver payloads directly to target tissues or even sub-cellular organelles.Despite a growing body of literature,a consolidated appraisal of design principles,targeting modalities,and translational hurdles is still needed to guide future nutraceutical innovation.We aim to:(1)Summarize the physicochemical foundations of nanoliposomal nutrient carriers;(2)Delineate state-of-the-art approaches for organ-specific and organelle-specific targeting,with particular emphasis on renal and mitochondrial delivery;(3)Evaluate current evidence supporting therapeutic benefits in cardiometabolic,neuroprotective,and renal-repair contexts;and(4)Map unresolved challenges-including manufacturing scale-up,cost,and regulatory oversight-to inform a roadmap for clinical translation.A systematic literature search was performed across PubMed,Web of Science,and Scopus through May 2025 using Boolean combinations of“nanoliposome”,“nutrient”,“targeted delivery”,“bioavailability”,and organ-specific terms(e.g.,“kidney”,“mitochondria”).Primary research articles,systematic reviews,and relevant meta-analyses written in English were included.Data were extracted on liposomal composition,particle size,surface modifications(e.g.,polyethylene glycol,ligand conjugation),in vitro and in vivo bio-distribution,efficacy outcomes,and safety profiles.Key design variables were mapped against reported biological performance to identify convergent principles.Sixty-four original studies and twenty-one reviews met inclusion criteria.Encapsulation within phosphatidylcholine-rich bilayers consistently enhanced nutrient stability in simulated gastric fluid and improved Caco-2 trans-epithelial transport two-fold to ten-fold compared with free compound controls.Ligand-mediated strategies-such as folate,lactoferrin,or peptide conjugation-achieved organ-specific accumulation,with kidney-directed liposomes demonstrating up to a four-fold increase in renal cortex uptake.Mitochondrial targeting using amphipathic peptides(e.g.,SS-31)or triphenylphosphonium moieties delivered antioxidant nutrients to the organelle,restoring mitochondrial membrane potential and reducing reactive oxygen species(ROS)in preclinical cardiomyopathy and neurodegeneration models.Endosomal escape was most effectively triggered by fusogenic lipids(e.g.,dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine)or pH-responsive polymers.PEGylation prolonged circulation half-life by 3-6 hours but elicited anti-polyethylene glycol antibodies in approximately one-quarter of recipients;emerging natural sterol-mimetic or collagen-mimetic coatings showed comparable stealth behavior with superior biodegradability.Scalability remains limited:Only three studies reported pilot-scale(>10 L)batches with Good Manufacturing Practice-compliant reproducibility.Targeted nanoliposomal systems substantially improve nutrient stability,absorption,and tissue specificity,offering a credible route to transform supplement efficacy for cardiometabolic,renal,and neuroprotective indications.Optimization of lipid composition,escape mechanisms,and biocompatible surface chemistries can further enhance therapeutic indices.Nonetheless,industrial-scale manufacturing,cost containment,and immunogenicity mitigation remain critical obstacles.Addressing these gaps through standardized characterization protocols,head-to-head clinical trials,and biomaterial innovation will be essential to unlock the full potential of nanoliposomal nutraceuticals in routine healthcare practice.展开更多
Asthma, one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory diseases, remains challenging to manage effectively. Current therapies commonly alleviate symptoms through broad immunosuppression and bronchodilation but fail to...Asthma, one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory diseases, remains challenging to manage effectively. Current therapies commonly alleviate symptoms through broad immunosuppression and bronchodilation but fail to target disease-specific molecular pathways. Genetic intervention using small interfering RNA(siRNA) has emerged as a promising strategy for asthma therapy. However, its success is largely hindered by the lack of an efficient delivery approach targeting airway epithelial cells(AECs). Here, we developed a novel inhalable siRNA delivery system based on artificially prepared nanovesicles through designed extrusion processes of mesenchymal stem cells. To enable an effective inhalation delivery of siRNA via nanovesicles, various parameters, including extrusion cycles,membrane pore sizes, and centrifugal forces were examined through orthogonal testing.Results revealed that the artificially prepared nanovesicles demonstrated remarkable capability to deliver thymic stromal lymphopoietin-targeted siRNA into AECs and substantially suppressed the inflammatory pathways and goblet cell hyperplasia, and eventually achieved a significant inhibition of asthma symptoms in ovalbumin-induced asthma models. Thus, the present study provides a novel nebulized nanovesicle-based carrier for effective delivery of siRNA through local inhalation, offering a promising therapeutic delivery platform for asthma and potentially other respiratory diseases.展开更多
Delivery carriers serve as a highly efficient approach for precision nutrition and medicine;however,artificial delivery carriers are prone to triggering the immune response and have the disadvantages of poor stability...Delivery carriers serve as a highly efficient approach for precision nutrition and medicine;however,artificial delivery carriers are prone to triggering the immune response and have the disadvantages of poor stability and low bioavailability.Extracellular vesicles(EVs),nucleus-free biological particles composed of phospholipid bilayers secreted by living cells,are a new generation of targeted delivery carriers.In recent years,an increasing number of species have been reported to contain EVs.Among them,food-derived extracellular vesicles(FDEVs)show outstanding comprehensive properties.FDEVs are considered to have great application potential due to their wide range of sources,high yields,absence of human pathogenic pathogens,and ethical concerns.In this review,the preparation,nomenclature,physicochemical characteristics,and preservation methods of FDEVs are discussed,as well as their potential protein markers,bioactivities,and applications as novel targeted delivery carriers of FDEVs from animals,plants,and microorganisms.We also summarized the adverse consequences of FDEVs in current studies,and put forward the problems and challenges in the process of FDEVs research and commercialization.In short,the importance of FDEVs has been highlighted,and FDEVs have good application prospects as a new class of targeted delivery carriers.The current problems should be paid attention to and actively solved.展开更多
Herbicides are indispensable for safeguarding global crop production,yet their effectiveness is often undermined by extensive environmental losses during application.Using herbicide Diuron as a model compound,we devel...Herbicides are indispensable for safeguarding global crop production,yet their effectiveness is often undermined by extensive environmental losses during application.Using herbicide Diuron as a model compound,we developed hierarchical nanoparticles constructed through host-vip molecular recognition followed by electrostatic coassembly,yielding a formulation that unites high delivery efficiency with enhanced environmental compatibility.Relative to conventional wettable powders,these nanoparticles exhibited temperature-responsive release behavior and significantly enhanced foliar adhesion and deposition,increasing leaf retention by more than 241.7%.They also demonstrated strong resistance to rainfall wash-off and a markedly reduced propensity for groundwater leaching,with leaching losses decreased by approximately 18.6%.Greenhouse and field evaluations further confirmed their superior weed control under practical conditions,achieving control efficacies of up to 70.1%against Abutilon theophrasti and 52.9%against Setaria faberi,compared with 53.7%and 39.1%,respectively,for the commercial formulation at the same application rate.Extensive ecotoxicological assessments encompassing seed germination,zebrafish and earthworm assays,in vitro cellular tests,and in vivo rat studies consistently revealed an improved safety profile compared with commercial and technical formulations.Together,these results highlight hierarchical self-assembled nanoparticles as a promising platform for next-generation herbicide delivery that combines high target utilization with lower environmental impact and greater sustainability.展开更多
Tumors pose a serious threat to human life and health. In recent years, gene therapy against tumors has garnered considerable attention. Small interfering RNAs(siRNAs), an important class of nucleic acid drugs, can si...Tumors pose a serious threat to human life and health. In recent years, gene therapy against tumors has garnered considerable attention. Small interfering RNAs(siRNAs), an important class of nucleic acid drugs, can silence the m RNAs of tumor-associated genes with high specificity through RNA interference(RNAi), inhibiting tumor-related signaling pathways or protein expression and thereby exerting anti-tumor effects. However, antitumor siRNA drugs are currently in the clinical research stage, and none of these drugs have been approved for marketing, mainly because of the challenges in terms of safety,efficacy and targeted delivery. Nano-delivery systems can enhance siRNA stability and improve siRNA pharmacokinetics and biodistribution, while increasing their uptake by target cells to achieve precise delivery and controlled release, thereby serving as a promising solution to overcome the challenges of siRNA drug application. This review summarizes the existing research on the nano-delivery systems currently available to help siRNAs achieve organ-targeted delivery and enhance the anti-tumor efficacy of siRNAs, discussing the characteristics of siRNA action and the unique advantages of different types of nanodelivery systems. The aim was to provide novel ideas for the design and optimization of siRNA-based drug delivery and the development of novel anti-tumor formulations to promote the clinical translation and application of siRNA drugs.展开更多
In recent years,different drugs therapies for treatment pulmonary fibrosis(PF) have gained much attention due to development of drug delivery technology and urgent clinical needs.PF treatment existed a variety of curr...In recent years,different drugs therapies for treatment pulmonary fibrosis(PF) have gained much attention due to development of drug delivery technology and urgent clinical needs.PF treatment existed a variety of currently clinical problem but PF could be treated with different drugs potentially though drug delivery technology.This review systematically expounds its basic theory,various drug delivery technologies,and future development directions.In the introduction,the relationship between the pathological mechanism of PF and drug delivery,the basic principles of the drug delivery system and the biological barriers faced by pulmonary drug delivery are analyzed.This review details delivery of small molecule drug,macromolecular drug and cells,including chemical synthesis and natural small molecule drug delivery,as well as RNA and cell-based delivery.Finally,the challenges and perspectives of these drugs to treat PF delivery technologies are discussed and key aspects in the development of PF drugs are considered.We hoped that this review can provide comprehensive and in-depth theoretical reference and technical support for the drug treatment of PF.展开更多
In recent years,development of strategies to treat central nervous system(CNS) diseases has attracted extensive attention.A major obstacle in this field is the blood-brain barrier(BBB),which significantly limits the e...In recent years,development of strategies to treat central nervous system(CNS) diseases has attracted extensive attention.A major obstacle in this field is the blood-brain barrier(BBB),which significantly limits the efficient delivery of therapeutic agents to the brain and hinders the treatment of CNS diseases.Overcoming the restrictive nature of the BBB has thus emerged as a key objective in CNS drug development.Nanomaterials have garnered growing interest due to their unique physicochemical properties and potential to traverse the BBB,enabling targeted drug delivery to brain tissue and improving therapeutic efficacy.In this review,we present current insights into the structure and function of the BBB and highlight a range of nanomaterial-based strategies for BBB penetration,including receptor-mediated transport(RMT),adsorptive-mediated transcytosis,reversible BBB disruption,and intranasal administration.Finally,we summarize recent advances in enhancing BBB permeability for CNS therapeutics and discuss persisting challenges,offering perspectives for future research in this field.展开更多
Background:This study focused on developing and optimizing a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system(SMEDDS)to improve Lafutidine’s solubility and bioavailability,thereby enhancing its effectiveness in treating ga...Background:This study focused on developing and optimizing a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system(SMEDDS)to improve Lafutidine’s solubility and bioavailability,thereby enhancing its effectiveness in treating gastric ulcers.Traditional formulations are less effective due to their limited water solubility and bioavailability.Methods:The study used solubility tests,pseudo-ternary phase diagrams,and central composite design(CCD)to optimize.The formulation was optimized by varying the oil concentration(10–40%)and surfactant/cosurfactant ratio(0.33–3.00),and then tested for droplet size,drug content,emulsification,phase stability,and in vitro dissolution.Results:The study found that the optimized formulation contained 14%Capmul PG 8NF oil,62%Labrasol surfactant,and 24%Tween 80 cosurfactant.This combination generated an average droplet size of 111.02 nm and improved drug release properties.Furthermore,the formulation was stable without phase separation,with a drug content of 88.2–99.8%.Conclusion:SMEDDS significantly improves lafutidine delivery by increasing solubility and absorption,thereby overcoming oral administration challenges.The system quickly formed small droplets in water and released the drug in 15 min.Enhancing lafutidine’s bioavailability may improve its efficacy in treating gastric ulcers,resulting in better patient outcomes and potentially lower dosing frequency.展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative condition leading to atrophy of the brain and robbing nearly 5.8 million individuals in the United States age 65 and older of their cognitive functions.Alzheimer’s disease ...Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative condition leading to atrophy of the brain and robbing nearly 5.8 million individuals in the United States age 65 and older of their cognitive functions.Alzheimer’s disease is associated with dementia and a progressive decline in memory,thinking,and social skills,eventually leading to a point that the individual can no longer perform daily activities independently.Currently available drugs on the market temporarily alleviate the symptoms,however,they are not successful in slowing down the progression of Alzheimer’s disease.Treatment and cures have been constricted due to the difficulty of drug delivery to the blood-brain barrier.Several studies have led to identification of vesicles to transport the necessary drugs through the blood-brain barrier that would typically not achieve the targeted area through systemic delivered medications.Recently,liposomes have emerged as a viable drug delivery agent to transport drugs that are not able to cross the blood-brain barrier.Liposomes are being used as a component of nanoparticle drug delivery;due to their biocompatible nature;and possessing the capability to carry both lipophilic and hydrophilic therapeutic agents across the blood brain barrier into the brain cells.Studies indicate the importance of liposomal based drug delivery in treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.The idea is to encapsulate the drugs inside the properly engineered liposome to generate a response of treatment.Liposomes are engineered to target specific diseased moieties and also several surface modifications of liposomes are under research to create a clinical path to the management of Alzheimer’s disease.This review deals with Alzheimer’s disease and emphasize on challenges associated with drug delivery to the brain,and how liposomal drug delivery can play an important role as a drug delivery method for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.This review also sheds some light on variation of liposomes.Additionally,it emphasizes on the liposomal formulations which are currently researched or used for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and also discusses the future prospect of liposomal based drug delivery in Alzheimer’s disease.展开更多
基金Hongguang Wu,Both authors contributed equally to this work and share first authorshipLing Dong,Both authors contributed equally to this work and share first authorship。
文摘The human retina,a complex and highly specialized structure,includes multiple cell types that work synergistically to generate and transmit visual signals.However,genetic predisposition or age-related degeneration can lead to retinal damage that severely impairs vision or causes blindness.Treatment options for retinal diseases are limited,and there is an urgent need for innovative therapeutic strategies.Cell and gene therapies are promising because of the efficacy of delivery systems that transport therapeutic genes to targeted retinal cells.Gene delivery systems hold great promise for treating retinal diseases by enabling the targeted delivery of therapeutic genes to affected cells or by converting endogenous cells into functional ones to facilitate nerve regeneration,potentially restoring vision.This review focuses on two principal categories of gene delivery vectors used in the treatment of retinal diseases:viral and non-viral systems.Viral vectors,including lentiviruses and adeno-associated viruses,exploit the innate ability of viruses to infiltrate cells,which is followed by the introduction of therapeutic genetic material into target cells for gene correction.Lentiviruses can accommodate exogenous genes up to 8 kb in length,but their mechanism of integration into the host genome presents insertion mutation risks.Conversely,adeno-associated viruses are safer,as they exist as episomes in the nucleus,yet their limited packaging capacity constrains their application to a narrower spectrum of diseases,which necessitates the exploration of alternative delivery methods.In parallel,progress has also occurred in the development of novel non-viral delivery systems,particularly those based on liposomal technology.Manipulation of the ratios of hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules within liposomes and the development of new lipid formulations have led to the creation of advanced non-viral vectors.These innovative systems include solid lipid nanoparticles,polymer nanoparticles,dendrimers,polymeric micelles,and polymeric nanoparticles.Compared with their viral counterparts,non-viral delivery systems offer markedly enhanced loading capacities that enable the direct delivery of nucleic acids,mRNA,or protein molecules into cells.This bypasses the need for DNA transcription and processing,which significantly enhances therapeutic efficiency.Nevertheless,the immunogenic potential and accumulation toxicity associated with non-viral particulate systems necessitates continued optimization to reduce adverse effects in vivo.This review explores the various delivery systems for retinal therapies and retinal nerve regeneration,and details the characteristics,advantages,limitations,and clinical applications of each vector type.By systematically outlining these factors,our goal is to guide the selection of the optimal delivery tool for a specific retinal disease,which will enhance treatment efficacy and improve patient outcomes while paving the way for more effective and targeted therapeutic interventions.
文摘A recently published study(Xin et al.,Prog Biochem Biophys,2026,53(2):431-441.DOI:10.3724/j.pibb.2025.0508)addresses the therapeutic challenges of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)by innovatively developing an orally administered nanogene delivery system.Designed to achieve in situ,efficient delivery of chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)genes to tumor sites,this approach offers a novel strategy for CAR-macrophage(CAR-M)based immunotherapy.Its key highlights are as follows.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82301093(to QC)and 22334004(to HY)the Fuzhou University Fund for Testing Precious Equipment,No.2025T038(to QC)。
文摘The mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke are complex and multifactorial and include excitotoxicity,oxidative stress,inflammatory responses,and blood–brain barrier disruption.While vascular recanalization treatments such as thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy have achieved some success,reperfusion injury remains a significant contributor to the exacerbation of brain injury.This emphasizes the need for developing neuroprotective strategies to mitigate this type of injury.The purpose of this review was to examine the application of nanotechnology in the treatment of ischemic stroke,covering research progress in nanoparticlebased drug delivery,targeted therapy,and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory applications.Nanobased drug delivery systems offer several advantages compared to traditional therapies,including enhanced blood–brain barrier penetration,prolonged drug circulation time,improved drug stability,and targeted delivery.For example,inorganic nanoparticles,such as those based on CeO_(2),have been widely studied for their strong antioxidant capabilities.Biomimetic nanoparticles,such as those coated with cell membranes,have garnered significant attention owing to their excellent biocompatibility and targeting abilities.Nanoparticles can be used to deliver a wide range of neuroprotective agents,such as antioxidants(e.g.,edaravone),anti-inflammatory drugs(e.g.,curcumin),and neurotrophic factors.Nanotechnology significantly enhances the efficacy of these drugs while minimizing adverse reactions.Although nanotechnology has demonstrated great potential in animal studies,its clinical application still faces several challenges,including the long-term safety of nanoparticles,the feasibility of large-scale production,quality control,and the ability to predict therapeutic effects in humans.In summary,nanotechnology holds significant promise for the treatment of ischemic stroke.Future research should focus on further exploring the mechanisms of action of nanoparticles,developing multifunctional nanoparticles,and validating their safety and efficacy through rigorous clinical trials.Moreover,interdisciplinary collaboration is essential for advancing the use of nanotechnology in stroke treatment.
文摘Every developing country has plans.Five-year frameworks,industrial master plans and poverty reduction strategies accumulate in ministerial offices year after year.Shelves fill.Expectations rise.Outcomes lag.The problem is rarely vision.It is execution.China’s annual Two Sessions offer a window for the outside world to understand China’s governance system.Formally,they are the concurrent meetings of the National People’s Congress(NPC)and the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference.Substantively,they function as the central coordination mechanism of a developmental state that treats governance as an exercise in disciplined delivery.
文摘Food-grade biopolymers and nanotechnology have been increasingly used to revolutionize the delivery of bioactive compounds by enhancing stability,bioavailability,and controlled release.Within the scope of nanoencapsulation systems,this review explores food-derived polymers such as vicilin,zein,gluten,cruciferin,inulin,and others.These biopolymers are ideal since they encapsulate numerous functional compounds,such as vitamins,probiotics,essential oils,and polyphenols,because they are biocompatible,amphiphilic,and biodegradable.The specific physical and chemical properties of each polymer,extraction procedures,and nanoencapsulation techniques applied therein(e.g.,ionic gelation and spray drying)are described.The review highlights advanced targeting systems like pH-sensitive,magnetic delivery.Additional applications include those in synergistic nutraceutical systems,oral administration of vaccination,and intelligent food packaging.All these findings demonstrate that food polymers are increasingly more viable as functional nanocarriers by way of increasing bioactive delivery and the shifting requirements of personalized and health-based dietary regimes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82372125 and 32471403)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation (LHDMY23H310002)Health Innovation Talents Program (Longfa Kou) from Health Commission of Zhejiang Province。
文摘1. Introduction Osteoarthritis(OA), traditionally viewed as a mechanical and degenerative condition, increasingly involves chronic,low-grade inflammation. Among implicated immune cells,activated macrophages are key drivers of synovitis and cartilage degradation [1], spurring interest in therapies that selectively modulate macrophage activity within the joint while sparing other resident cells.
基金financial support from the Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project (Nos.2024ZD0522800,2024ZD0522803)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.U21A20417,31930067,31800797)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province (No.2024NSFSC0046)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program (No.2022YFS0333)the 1·3·5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence,West China Hospital,Sichuan University (No.ZYGD24003)。
文摘Malignant pleural effusion(MPE) is a serious disease caused by malignant tumors with high morbidity and mortality.Chemotherapy,immunotherapy,and antiangiogenic therapy are common treatments for MPE at present.However,traditional chemotherapeutic drugs have many side effects and can easily lead to drug resistance in patients.The complex tumor microenvironment(TME) of MPE directly reduces the antitumor efficacy of immunotherapy.Fortunately,drug delivery systems(DDSs) based on biomaterials have the ability to overcome some of the drawbacks of conventional treatments by improving drug stability,increasing the accuracy of tumor cell targeting,reducing toxic side effects,and remodeling TME,ultimately improving drug efficacy.Therefore,the purpose of this review is to provide an overview and discussion of the latest progress in biomaterial-based DDSs for the treatment of MPE.We discuss the application of biomaterials in the treatment of MPE from multiple perspectives,including chemotherapy,immunotherapy,combination therapy,and pleurodesis,where microspheres,cell membrane-derived microparticles(MPs),micelles,nanoparticles,and liposomes,are involved.The application of these biomaterials has been proven to have great potential in the treatment of MPE,providing a new idea for follow-up research.
文摘Neodymium selenide nanoparticles were synthesized and surface-modified usingβ-cyclodextrin-citrate to control agglomeration and achieve the desired particle size.The nanoparticles were characterized by various techniques,including X-ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).XRD results reveal high crystallinity,with characteristic peaks corresponding to Nd_(2)Se_(3),while TEM analysis shows rod-shaped nanoparticles with an average size of~55 nm.The presence of neodymium and selenium in the+3 oxidation state was confirmed by XPS.Thermogravimetric analysis indicates that theβ-cyclodextrin-citrate coating accounts for approximately30%of the nanoparticle mass and remains stable up to 800℃.The optical properties of the nanoparticles were studied using UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy,revealing broad absorption in the UV and NIR regions.Magnetic characterization shows soft ferromagnetic behavior,with a saturation magnetization value of0.20 emu/g.The nanoparticles were used for controlled release of 5-fluorouracil,exhibiting a pHsensitive release profile.Studies on MCF-7 cells demonstrate that 5-fluorouracil-loade d nanoparticles enhance cytotoxicity,reactive oxygen species generation,and apoptosis compared to bare nanoparticles.The IC_(50) value of(13.78±1.24)μg/mL indicates a significantly high cytotoxic activity of the drug-loaded nanoparticles against breast cancer cell lines.These findings suggest that the nanoparticles are a promising drug delivery system for enhanced cancer treatment,combining the controlled drug release with targeted cellular effects.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21921003 for Z.T.L.and 22201293 for S.B.Y.)Shanghai Sailing Program(No.22YF1458300 for S.B.Y.)for financial support。
文摘Two supramolecular organic frameworks(SOFs)have been constructed from the co-assembly of biimidazolium-derived octacationic components and cucurbit[8]uril in water.Dynamic light scattering and ^(1)H NMR experiments reveal that both SOFs can undergo reversible assembly and disassembly at room temperature.One of the SOFs displays unprecedently high maximum tolerated dose of 120 mg/kg with mice,which improves by 40%compared with the highest value of the reported SOFs.In vitro and in vivo tests show that the SOF can adsorb doxorubicin and overcome the resistance of multidrugresistant MDR A549/ADR tumor cells to realize intracellular delivery,leading to enhanced antitumor efficacy.Moreover,it can also completely inhibit the posttreatment phototoxicity of photofrin and fully neutralize the anticoagulation of both unfractionated heparin and low molecular weight heparins through efficient inclusion and elimination or sequestration mechanism.As the first examples that undergo roomtemperature reversible assembly and disassembly,the new SOFs in principle allow for quantitative analysis of the molecular components in the body that is prerequisite for preclinical evaluation in the future.
基金supported by the grants from University of Macao,China,Nos.MYRG2022-00221-ICMS(to YZ)and MYRG-CRG2022-00011-ICMS(to RW)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,No.2023A1515010034(to YZ)。
文摘Ischemic stroke is a secondary cause of mortality worldwide,imposing considerable medical and economic burdens on society.Extracellular vesicles,serving as natural nanocarriers for drug delivery,exhibit excellent biocompatibility in vivo and have significant advantages in the management of ischemic stroke.However,the uncertain distribution and rapid clearance of extracellular vesicles impede their delivery efficiency.By utilizing membrane decoration or by encapsulating therapeutic cargo within extracellular vesicles,their delivery efficacy may be greatly improved.Furthermore,previous studies have indicated that microvesicles,a subset of large-sized extracellular vesicles,can transport mitochondria to neighboring cells,thereby aiding in the restoration of mitochondrial function post-ischemic stroke.Small extracellular vesicles have also demonstrated the capability to transfer mitochondrial components,such as proteins or deoxyribonucleic acid,or their sub-components,for extracellular vesicle-based ischemic stroke therapy.In this review,we undertake a comparative analysis of the isolation techniques employed for extracellular vesicles and present an overview of the current dominant extracellular vesicle modification methodologies.Given the complex facets of treating ischemic stroke,we also delineate various extracellular vesicle modification approaches which are suited to different facets of the treatment process.Moreover,given the burgeoning interest in mitochondrial delivery,we delved into the feasibility and existing research findings on the transportation of mitochondrial fractions or intact mitochondria through small extracellular vesicles and microvesicles to offer a fresh perspective on ischemic stroke therapy.
文摘Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is one of the most prevalent systemic autoimmune inflammatory diseases worldwide,causing chronic,progressively worsening arthritis that may ultimately lead to disability.Despite the availability of numerous therapeutic agents,limitations exhibit,including poor aqueous solubility,suboptimal stability,inadequate permeability,short half-lives,and multi-organ toxicity during long-term or high-dose administration.Nanoparticle-based drug delivery offers a robust strategy to mitigate these deficiencies while maximizing therapeutic efficacy through controlled-release mechanisms and rational administration route design.This review systematically summarizes recent advancements in nanoparticle drug delivery strategies for RA treatment from the perspective of three distinct mechanisms.It details the design rationales,therapeutic principles,and effects of various delivery systems,with particular emphasis on their interactions with the disease microenvironment and the entire body.
文摘Conventional nutritional supplements frequently demonstrate limited clinical effectiveness due to the harsh milieu of the gastrointestinal tract,inefficient transepithelial transport,and rapid systemic clearance.Nanoliposomal delivery platforms-lipid bilayer vesicles on the nanometer scale-have attracted attention as an adaptive strategy to shield sensitive nutrients,navigate biological barriers,and deliver payloads directly to target tissues or even sub-cellular organelles.Despite a growing body of literature,a consolidated appraisal of design principles,targeting modalities,and translational hurdles is still needed to guide future nutraceutical innovation.We aim to:(1)Summarize the physicochemical foundations of nanoliposomal nutrient carriers;(2)Delineate state-of-the-art approaches for organ-specific and organelle-specific targeting,with particular emphasis on renal and mitochondrial delivery;(3)Evaluate current evidence supporting therapeutic benefits in cardiometabolic,neuroprotective,and renal-repair contexts;and(4)Map unresolved challenges-including manufacturing scale-up,cost,and regulatory oversight-to inform a roadmap for clinical translation.A systematic literature search was performed across PubMed,Web of Science,and Scopus through May 2025 using Boolean combinations of“nanoliposome”,“nutrient”,“targeted delivery”,“bioavailability”,and organ-specific terms(e.g.,“kidney”,“mitochondria”).Primary research articles,systematic reviews,and relevant meta-analyses written in English were included.Data were extracted on liposomal composition,particle size,surface modifications(e.g.,polyethylene glycol,ligand conjugation),in vitro and in vivo bio-distribution,efficacy outcomes,and safety profiles.Key design variables were mapped against reported biological performance to identify convergent principles.Sixty-four original studies and twenty-one reviews met inclusion criteria.Encapsulation within phosphatidylcholine-rich bilayers consistently enhanced nutrient stability in simulated gastric fluid and improved Caco-2 trans-epithelial transport two-fold to ten-fold compared with free compound controls.Ligand-mediated strategies-such as folate,lactoferrin,or peptide conjugation-achieved organ-specific accumulation,with kidney-directed liposomes demonstrating up to a four-fold increase in renal cortex uptake.Mitochondrial targeting using amphipathic peptides(e.g.,SS-31)or triphenylphosphonium moieties delivered antioxidant nutrients to the organelle,restoring mitochondrial membrane potential and reducing reactive oxygen species(ROS)in preclinical cardiomyopathy and neurodegeneration models.Endosomal escape was most effectively triggered by fusogenic lipids(e.g.,dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine)or pH-responsive polymers.PEGylation prolonged circulation half-life by 3-6 hours but elicited anti-polyethylene glycol antibodies in approximately one-quarter of recipients;emerging natural sterol-mimetic or collagen-mimetic coatings showed comparable stealth behavior with superior biodegradability.Scalability remains limited:Only three studies reported pilot-scale(>10 L)batches with Good Manufacturing Practice-compliant reproducibility.Targeted nanoliposomal systems substantially improve nutrient stability,absorption,and tissue specificity,offering a credible route to transform supplement efficacy for cardiometabolic,renal,and neuroprotective indications.Optimization of lipid composition,escape mechanisms,and biocompatible surface chemistries can further enhance therapeutic indices.Nonetheless,industrial-scale manufacturing,cost containment,and immunogenicity mitigation remain critical obstacles.Addressing these gaps through standardized characterization protocols,head-to-head clinical trials,and biomaterial innovation will be essential to unlock the full potential of nanoliposomal nutraceuticals in routine healthcare practice.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (U22A20383)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (LY24H300001)+2 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (226-2022-00125)Zhejiang Province Postdoctoral Research Excellence Funding Project (ZJ2023151)Pharmacy 80 Basic Research Funding in College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University Education Foundation。
文摘Asthma, one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory diseases, remains challenging to manage effectively. Current therapies commonly alleviate symptoms through broad immunosuppression and bronchodilation but fail to target disease-specific molecular pathways. Genetic intervention using small interfering RNA(siRNA) has emerged as a promising strategy for asthma therapy. However, its success is largely hindered by the lack of an efficient delivery approach targeting airway epithelial cells(AECs). Here, we developed a novel inhalable siRNA delivery system based on artificially prepared nanovesicles through designed extrusion processes of mesenchymal stem cells. To enable an effective inhalation delivery of siRNA via nanovesicles, various parameters, including extrusion cycles,membrane pore sizes, and centrifugal forces were examined through orthogonal testing.Results revealed that the artificially prepared nanovesicles demonstrated remarkable capability to deliver thymic stromal lymphopoietin-targeted siRNA into AECs and substantially suppressed the inflammatory pathways and goblet cell hyperplasia, and eventually achieved a significant inhibition of asthma symptoms in ovalbumin-induced asthma models. Thus, the present study provides a novel nebulized nanovesicle-based carrier for effective delivery of siRNA through local inhalation, offering a promising therapeutic delivery platform for asthma and potentially other respiratory diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82373277).
文摘Delivery carriers serve as a highly efficient approach for precision nutrition and medicine;however,artificial delivery carriers are prone to triggering the immune response and have the disadvantages of poor stability and low bioavailability.Extracellular vesicles(EVs),nucleus-free biological particles composed of phospholipid bilayers secreted by living cells,are a new generation of targeted delivery carriers.In recent years,an increasing number of species have been reported to contain EVs.Among them,food-derived extracellular vesicles(FDEVs)show outstanding comprehensive properties.FDEVs are considered to have great application potential due to their wide range of sources,high yields,absence of human pathogenic pathogens,and ethical concerns.In this review,the preparation,nomenclature,physicochemical characteristics,and preservation methods of FDEVs are discussed,as well as their potential protein markers,bioactivities,and applications as novel targeted delivery carriers of FDEVs from animals,plants,and microorganisms.We also summarized the adverse consequences of FDEVs in current studies,and put forward the problems and challenges in the process of FDEVs research and commercialization.In short,the importance of FDEVs has been highlighted,and FDEVs have good application prospects as a new class of targeted delivery carriers.The current problems should be paid attention to and actively solved.
基金supported by the University Synergy Innovation Program of Anhui Province(GXXT-2021-059)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1702102)the Major Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Universities(2023AH040143).
文摘Herbicides are indispensable for safeguarding global crop production,yet their effectiveness is often undermined by extensive environmental losses during application.Using herbicide Diuron as a model compound,we developed hierarchical nanoparticles constructed through host-vip molecular recognition followed by electrostatic coassembly,yielding a formulation that unites high delivery efficiency with enhanced environmental compatibility.Relative to conventional wettable powders,these nanoparticles exhibited temperature-responsive release behavior and significantly enhanced foliar adhesion and deposition,increasing leaf retention by more than 241.7%.They also demonstrated strong resistance to rainfall wash-off and a markedly reduced propensity for groundwater leaching,with leaching losses decreased by approximately 18.6%.Greenhouse and field evaluations further confirmed their superior weed control under practical conditions,achieving control efficacies of up to 70.1%against Abutilon theophrasti and 52.9%against Setaria faberi,compared with 53.7%and 39.1%,respectively,for the commercial formulation at the same application rate.Extensive ecotoxicological assessments encompassing seed germination,zebrafish and earthworm assays,in vitro cellular tests,and in vivo rat studies consistently revealed an improved safety profile compared with commercial and technical formulations.Together,these results highlight hierarchical self-assembled nanoparticles as a promising platform for next-generation herbicide delivery that combines high target utilization with lower environmental impact and greater sustainability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82373809 to Y.L., No. 825B2116 to J.L., No. 82373805 to N.Z., No. 82204295 to W.M)the Shandong Excellent Youth Fund and Provincial Natural Science Foundation (ZR2022YQ76 to Y.L., ZR2022QH224 to W.M.)。
文摘Tumors pose a serious threat to human life and health. In recent years, gene therapy against tumors has garnered considerable attention. Small interfering RNAs(siRNAs), an important class of nucleic acid drugs, can silence the m RNAs of tumor-associated genes with high specificity through RNA interference(RNAi), inhibiting tumor-related signaling pathways or protein expression and thereby exerting anti-tumor effects. However, antitumor siRNA drugs are currently in the clinical research stage, and none of these drugs have been approved for marketing, mainly because of the challenges in terms of safety,efficacy and targeted delivery. Nano-delivery systems can enhance siRNA stability and improve siRNA pharmacokinetics and biodistribution, while increasing their uptake by target cells to achieve precise delivery and controlled release, thereby serving as a promising solution to overcome the challenges of siRNA drug application. This review summarizes the existing research on the nano-delivery systems currently available to help siRNAs achieve organ-targeted delivery and enhance the anti-tumor efficacy of siRNAs, discussing the characteristics of siRNA action and the unique advantages of different types of nanodelivery systems. The aim was to provide novel ideas for the design and optimization of siRNA-based drug delivery and the development of novel anti-tumor formulations to promote the clinical translation and application of siRNA drugs.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.NSFC82400096)Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province (No.2025ZNSFSC1538)Xihua University Internal Talent Introduction Project with Scientific Research Funding (No.ZX20250087)。
文摘In recent years,different drugs therapies for treatment pulmonary fibrosis(PF) have gained much attention due to development of drug delivery technology and urgent clinical needs.PF treatment existed a variety of currently clinical problem but PF could be treated with different drugs potentially though drug delivery technology.This review systematically expounds its basic theory,various drug delivery technologies,and future development directions.In the introduction,the relationship between the pathological mechanism of PF and drug delivery,the basic principles of the drug delivery system and the biological barriers faced by pulmonary drug delivery are analyzed.This review details delivery of small molecule drug,macromolecular drug and cells,including chemical synthesis and natural small molecule drug delivery,as well as RNA and cell-based delivery.Finally,the challenges and perspectives of these drugs to treat PF delivery technologies are discussed and key aspects in the development of PF drugs are considered.We hoped that this review can provide comprehensive and in-depth theoretical reference and technical support for the drug treatment of PF.
基金funded by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.2242022R42012)。
文摘In recent years,development of strategies to treat central nervous system(CNS) diseases has attracted extensive attention.A major obstacle in this field is the blood-brain barrier(BBB),which significantly limits the efficient delivery of therapeutic agents to the brain and hinders the treatment of CNS diseases.Overcoming the restrictive nature of the BBB has thus emerged as a key objective in CNS drug development.Nanomaterials have garnered growing interest due to their unique physicochemical properties and potential to traverse the BBB,enabling targeted drug delivery to brain tissue and improving therapeutic efficacy.In this review,we present current insights into the structure and function of the BBB and highlight a range of nanomaterial-based strategies for BBB penetration,including receptor-mediated transport(RMT),adsorptive-mediated transcytosis,reversible BBB disruption,and intranasal administration.Finally,we summarize recent advances in enhancing BBB permeability for CNS therapeutics and discuss persisting challenges,offering perspectives for future research in this field.
文摘Background:This study focused on developing and optimizing a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system(SMEDDS)to improve Lafutidine’s solubility and bioavailability,thereby enhancing its effectiveness in treating gastric ulcers.Traditional formulations are less effective due to their limited water solubility and bioavailability.Methods:The study used solubility tests,pseudo-ternary phase diagrams,and central composite design(CCD)to optimize.The formulation was optimized by varying the oil concentration(10–40%)and surfactant/cosurfactant ratio(0.33–3.00),and then tested for droplet size,drug content,emulsification,phase stability,and in vitro dissolution.Results:The study found that the optimized formulation contained 14%Capmul PG 8NF oil,62%Labrasol surfactant,and 24%Tween 80 cosurfactant.This combination generated an average droplet size of 111.02 nm and improved drug release properties.Furthermore,the formulation was stable without phase separation,with a drug content of 88.2–99.8%.Conclusion:SMEDDS significantly improves lafutidine delivery by increasing solubility and absorption,thereby overcoming oral administration challenges.The system quickly formed small droplets in water and released the drug in 15 min.Enhancing lafutidine’s bioavailability may improve its efficacy in treating gastric ulcers,resulting in better patient outcomes and potentially lower dosing frequency.
文摘Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative condition leading to atrophy of the brain and robbing nearly 5.8 million individuals in the United States age 65 and older of their cognitive functions.Alzheimer’s disease is associated with dementia and a progressive decline in memory,thinking,and social skills,eventually leading to a point that the individual can no longer perform daily activities independently.Currently available drugs on the market temporarily alleviate the symptoms,however,they are not successful in slowing down the progression of Alzheimer’s disease.Treatment and cures have been constricted due to the difficulty of drug delivery to the blood-brain barrier.Several studies have led to identification of vesicles to transport the necessary drugs through the blood-brain barrier that would typically not achieve the targeted area through systemic delivered medications.Recently,liposomes have emerged as a viable drug delivery agent to transport drugs that are not able to cross the blood-brain barrier.Liposomes are being used as a component of nanoparticle drug delivery;due to their biocompatible nature;and possessing the capability to carry both lipophilic and hydrophilic therapeutic agents across the blood brain barrier into the brain cells.Studies indicate the importance of liposomal based drug delivery in treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.The idea is to encapsulate the drugs inside the properly engineered liposome to generate a response of treatment.Liposomes are engineered to target specific diseased moieties and also several surface modifications of liposomes are under research to create a clinical path to the management of Alzheimer’s disease.This review deals with Alzheimer’s disease and emphasize on challenges associated with drug delivery to the brain,and how liposomal drug delivery can play an important role as a drug delivery method for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.This review also sheds some light on variation of liposomes.Additionally,it emphasizes on the liposomal formulations which are currently researched or used for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and also discusses the future prospect of liposomal based drug delivery in Alzheimer’s disease.
