Aneurysm rupture can result in subarachnoid hemorrhage,a condition with potentially severe consequences,such as disability and death.In the acute stage,early brain injury manifests as intracranial pressure elevation,g...Aneurysm rupture can result in subarachnoid hemorrhage,a condition with potentially severe consequences,such as disability and death.In the acute stage,early brain injury manifests as intracranial pressure elevation,global cerebral ischemia,acute hydrocephalus,and direct blood–brain contact due to aneurysm rupture.This may subsequently cause delayed cerebral infarction,often with cerebral vasospasm,significantly affecting patient outcomes.Chronic complications such as brain volume loss and chronic hydrocephalus can further impact outcomes.Investigating the mechanisms of subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced brain injury is paramount for identifying effective treatments.Stem cell therapy,with its multipotent differentiation capacity and anti-inflammatory effects,has emerged as a promising approach for treating previously deemed incurable conditions.This review focuses on the potential application of stem cells in subarachnoid hemorrhage pathology and explores their role in neurogenesis and as a therapeutic intervention in preclinical and clinical subarachnoid hemorrhage studies.展开更多
Deep neural networks(DNNs)are effective in solving both forward and inverse problems for nonlinear partial differential equations(PDEs).However,conventional DNNs are not effective in handling problems such as delay di...Deep neural networks(DNNs)are effective in solving both forward and inverse problems for nonlinear partial differential equations(PDEs).However,conventional DNNs are not effective in handling problems such as delay differential equations(DDEs)and delay integrodifferential equations(DIDEs)with constant delays,primarily due to their low regularity at delayinduced breaking points.In this paper,a DNN method that combines multi-task learning(MTL)which is proposed to solve both the forward and inverse problems of DIDEs.The core idea of this approach is to divide the original equation into multiple tasks based on the delay,using auxiliary outputs to represent the integral terms,followed by the use of MTL to seamlessly incorporate the properties at the breaking points into the loss function.Furthermore,given the increased training dificulty associated with multiple tasks and outputs,we employ a sequential training scheme to reduce training complexity and provide reference solutions for subsequent tasks.This approach significantly enhances the approximation accuracy of solving DIDEs with DNNs,as demonstrated by comparisons with traditional DNN methods.We validate the effectiveness of this method through several numerical experiments,test various parameter sharing structures in MTL and compare the testing results of these structures.Finally,this method is implemented to solve the inverse problem of nonlinear DIDE and the results show that the unknown parameters of DIDE can be discovered with sparse or noisy data.展开更多
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF)materials driven by a through-space charge transfer(TSCT)mechanism have garnered wide interest.However,access of TSCT-TADF molecules with longwavelength emission remains a...Thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF)materials driven by a through-space charge transfer(TSCT)mechanism have garnered wide interest.However,access of TSCT-TADF molecules with longwavelength emission remains a formidable challenge.In this study,we introduce a novel V-type DA-D-A’emitter,Trz-mCzCbCz,by using a carborane scaffold.This design strategically incorporates carbazole(Cz)and 2,4,6-triphenyl-1,3,5-triazine(Trz)as donor and acceptor moieties,respectively.Theoretical calculations alongside experimental validations affirm the typical TSCT-TADF characteristics of this luminogen.Owing to the unique structural and electronic attributes of carboranes,Trz-mCzCbCz exhibits an orange-red emission,markedly diverging from the traditional blue-to-green emissions observed in classical Cz and Trz-based TADF molecules.Moreover,bright emission in aggregates was observed for Trz-mCzCbCz with absolute photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY)of up to 88.8%.As such,we have successfully fabricated five organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs)by utilizing Trz-mCzCbCz as the emitting layer.It is important to note that both the reverse intersystem crossing process and the TADF properties are profoundly influenced by host materials.The fabricated OLED devices reached a maximum external quantum efficiency(EQE)of 12.7%,with an emission peak at 592 nm.This represents the highest recorded efficiency for TSCT-TADF OLEDs employing carborane derivatives as emitting layers.展开更多
The integrated optical true time delay phased array antenna system has the advantages of high bandwidth,small size,low loss and strong antiinterference capability,etc.The high integration of the optically controlled p...The integrated optical true time delay phased array antenna system has the advantages of high bandwidth,small size,low loss and strong antiinterference capability,etc.The high integration of the optically controlled phased array antenna system is a necessary trend for the future development of the phased array,and it is also a major focus and difficulty in the current research of integrated microwave photonics.This paper firstly introduces the basic principle and development history of optical true time delay phased array antenna system based on microwave photonics,and briefly introduces the main implementation methods and integration platform of optical true time delay.Then,the application and development prospect of optical true time delay technology in beam control of phased array antenna system are mainly presented.Finally,according to the current research progress,the possible research directions of integrated optically controlled phased array antenna systems in the future are proposed.展开更多
The Zenith Hydrostatic Delay(ZHD)is essential for high-precision Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)and Very Long Baseline Interferometry(VLBI)data processing.Accurate estimation of ZHD relies on in situ atmosphe...The Zenith Hydrostatic Delay(ZHD)is essential for high-precision Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)and Very Long Baseline Interferometry(VLBI)data processing.Accurate estimation of ZHD relies on in situ atmospheric pressure,which is primarily variable in the vertical direction.Current atmospheric pressure is either site-specific or has limited spatial coverage,necessitating vertical corrections for broader applicability.This study introduces a model that uses a Gaussian function for the vertical correction of atmospheric pressure when in situ meteorological observations are unavailable.Validation with the fifth-generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis(ERA5)reveals an average Bias and RMS for the new model of 0.31 h Pa and 2.96 h Pa,respectively.This corresponds to improvements of 37.5%and 80.3%in terms of RMS compared to two commonly used models(T0and Tvmodels)that require in situ meteorological observations,respectively.Additional validation with radiosonde data shows an average Bias and RMS of 1.85 h Pa and 4.87 h Pa,corresponding to the improvement of 42.8%and 71.1%in RMS compared with T0and Tv models,respectively.These accuracies are sufficient for calculating ZHD to an accuracy of 1 mm by performing atmospheric pressure vertical correction.The new model can correct atmospheric pressure from meteorological stations or numerical weather forecasts to different heights of the troposphere.展开更多
In this paper,we investigate the periodic traveling wave solutions problem for a single population model with advection and distributed delay.By the bifurcation analysis method,we can obtain periodic traveling wave so...In this paper,we investigate the periodic traveling wave solutions problem for a single population model with advection and distributed delay.By the bifurcation analysis method,we can obtain periodic traveling wave solutions for this model under the influence of advection term and distributed delay.The obtained results indicate that weak kernel and strong kernel can both deduce the existence of periodic traveling wave solutions.Finally,we apply the main results in this paper to Logistic model and Nicholson’s blowflies model.展开更多
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF)molecules have outstanding potential for applications in organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs).Due to the lack of systematic studies on the correlation between molecular st...Thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF)molecules have outstanding potential for applications in organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs).Due to the lack of systematic studies on the correlation between molecular structure and luminescence properties,TADF molecules are far from meeting the needs of practical applications in terms of variety and number.In this paper,three twisted TADF molecules are studied and their photophysical properties are theoretically predicted based on the thermal vibrational correlation function method combined with multiscale calculations.The results show that all the molecules exhibit fast reverse intersystem crossing(RISC)rates(kRISC),predicting their TADF luminescence properties.In addition,the binding of DHPAzSi as the donor unit with different acceptors can change the dihedral angle between the ground and excited states,and the planarity of the acceptors is positively correlated with the reorganization energy,a property that has a strong influence on the non-radiative process.Furthermore,a decrease in the energy of the molecular charge transfer state and an increase in the kRISC were observed in the films.This study not only provides a reliable explanation for the observed experimental results,but also offers valuable insights that can guide the design of future TADF molecules.展开更多
Objective:The neurotoxicity of carbon monoxide(CO)to the central nervous system is a key pathogenesis of delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning(DEACMP).Our previous study found that retinoic acid...Objective:The neurotoxicity of carbon monoxide(CO)to the central nervous system is a key pathogenesis of delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning(DEACMP).Our previous study found that retinoic acid(RA)can suppress the neurotoxic effects of CO.This study further explores,in vivo and in vitro,the molecular mechanisms by which RA alleviates CO-induced central nervous system damage.Methods:A cytotoxic model was established using the mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line HT22 and primary oligodendrocytes exposed to CO,and a DEACMP animal model was established in adult Kunming mice.Cell viability and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons and oligodendrocytes were assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT)assay and Annexin V/propidium iodide(PI)double staining.The transcriptional and protein expression of each gene was detected using real time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)and Western blotting.Long noncoding RNA(lncRNA)SNHG15 and LINGO-1 were knocked down or overexpressed to observe changes in neurons and oligodendrocytes.In DEACMP mice,SNHG15 or LINGO-1 were knocked down to assess changes in central nervous tissue and downstream protein expression.Results:RA at 10 and 20μmol/L significantly reversed CO-induced apoptosis of hippocampal neurons and oligodendrocytes,downregulation of SNHG15 and LINGO-1,and upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)and tyrosine kinase receptor B(TrkB)(all P<0.05).Overexpression of SNHG15 or LINGO-1 weakened the protective effect of RA against CO-induced cytotoxicity(all P<0.05).Knockdown of SNHG15 or LINGO-1 alleviated CO-induced apoptosis of hippocampal neurons and oligodendrocytes and upregulated BDNF and TrkB expression levels(all P<0.05).Experiments in DEACMP model mice showed that knockdown of SNHG15 or LINGO-1 mitigated central nervous system injury in DEACMP(all P<0.05).Conclusion:RA alleviates CO-induced apoptosis of hippocampal neurons and oligodendrocytes,thereby reducing central nervous system injury and exerting neuroprotective effects.LncRNA SNHG15 and LINGO-1 are key molecules mediating RA induced inhibition of neuronal apoptosis and are associated with the BDNF/TrkB pathway.These findings provide a theoretical framework for optimizing the clinical treatment of DEACMP and lay an experimental foundation for elucidating its molecular mechanisms.展开更多
The collective dynamic of a fractional-order globally coupled system with time delays and fluctuating frequency is investigated.The power-law memory of the system is characterized using the Caputo fractional derivativ...The collective dynamic of a fractional-order globally coupled system with time delays and fluctuating frequency is investigated.The power-law memory of the system is characterized using the Caputo fractional derivative operator.Additionally,time delays in the potential field force and coupling force transmission are both considered.Firstly,based on the delay decoupling formula,combined with statistical mean method and the fractional-order Shapiro–Loginov formula,the“statistic synchronization”among particles is obtained,revealing the statistical equivalence between the mean field behavior of the system and the behavior of individual particles.Due to the existence of the coupling delay,the impact of the coupling force on synchronization exhibits non-monotonic,which is different from the previous monotonic effects.Then,two kinds of theoretical expression of output amplitude gains G and G are derived by time-delay decoupling formula and small delay approximation theorem,respectively.Compared to G,G is an exact theoretical solution,which means that G is not only more accurate in the region of small delay,but also applies to the region of large delay.Finally,the study of the output amplitude gain G and its resonance behavior are explored.Due to the presence of the potential field delay,a new resonance phenomenon termed“periodic resonance”is discovered,which arises from the periodic matching between the potential field delay and the driving frequency.This resonance phenomenon is analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively,uncovering undiscovered characteristics in previous studies.展开更多
We report the fabrication of an 8-meter-long thin-flm lithium niobate optical true delay line using the photolithography-assisted chemomechanical etching technique,showing a low transmission loss of 0.036 dB/cm in the...We report the fabrication of an 8-meter-long thin-flm lithium niobate optical true delay line using the photolithography-assisted chemomechanical etching technique,showing a low transmission loss of 0.036 dB/cm in the conventional telecom band.展开更多
We present a compact optical delay line(ODL)with wide-range continuous tunability on thin-film lithium niobate platform.The proposed device integrates an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer(MZI)architecture with du...We present a compact optical delay line(ODL)with wide-range continuous tunability on thin-film lithium niobate platform.The proposed device integrates an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer(MZI)architecture with dual tunable couplers,where each coupler comprises two 2×2 multimode interferometers and a MZI phase-tuning section.Experimental results demonstrate continuous delay tuning from 0 to 293 ps through synchronized control of coupling coefficients,corresponding to a 4 cm path difference between interferometer arms.The measured delay range exhibits excellent agreement with theoretical predictions derived from ODL waveguide parameters.This result addresses critical challenges in integrated photonic systems that require precise temporal control,particularly for applications in optical communications and quantum information processing,where a wide tuning range is paramount.展开更多
To provide an energy-efficient and slab-demand-compliant rolling delay strategy,the simulation software is utilized to calculate the rolling delay process of the reheating furnace.Based on energy consumption evaluatio...To provide an energy-efficient and slab-demand-compliant rolling delay strategy,the simulation software is utilized to calculate the rolling delay process of the reheating furnace.Based on energy consumption evaluation,two optimization methods were employed.The bisection approach uses the needs of the slab to estimate the rolling delay temperature,and the golden section search method uses the energy consumption analysis of the slab to determine the high-temperature insulation duration.Generally,the slab closest to the discharge position in the control zone is selected as the optimization target.The optimized slab does not show a significant temperature rise after the end of the rolling delay process.When comparing the optimized rolling delay strategies with the traditional ones,the optimized rolling delay strategies not only meet the output requirements for slabs but also offer significant advantages in terms of energy efficiency,and this advantage increases with rolling delay time.展开更多
The mathematical method of ZTD(zenith tropospheric delay)spatial prediction is important for precise ZTD derivation and real-time precise point positioning(PPP)augmentation.This paper analyses the performance of the p...The mathematical method of ZTD(zenith tropospheric delay)spatial prediction is important for precise ZTD derivation and real-time precise point positioning(PPP)augmentation.This paper analyses the performance of the popular optimal function coefficient(OFC),sphere cap harmonic analysis(SCHA),kriging and inverse distance weighting(IDW)interpolation in ZTD spatial prediction and Beidou satellite navigation system(BDS)-PPP augmentation over China.For ZTD spatial prediction,the average time consumption of the OFC,kriging,and IDW methods is less than 0.1 s,which is significantly better than that of the SCHA method(63.157 s).The overall ZTD precision of the OFC is 3.44 cm,which outperforms those of the SCHA(9.65 cm),Kriging(10.6 cm),and IDW(11.8 cm)methods.We confirmed that the low performance of kriging and IDW is caused by their weakness in modelling ZTD variation in the vertical direction.To mitigate such deficiencies,an elevation normalization factor(ENF)is introduced into the kriging and IDW models(kriging-ENF and IDW-ENF).The overall ZTD spatial prediction accuracies of IDW-ENF and kriging-ENF are 2.80 cm and 2.01 cm,respectively,which are both superior to those of the OFC and the widely used empirical model GPT3(4.92 cm).For BDS-PPP enhancement,the ZTD provided by the kriging-ENF,IDW-ENF and OFC as prior constraints can effectively reduce the convergence time.Compared with unconstrained BDS-PPP,our proposed kriging-ENF outperforms IDW-ENF and OFC by reducing the horizontal and vertical convergence times by approximately 13.2%and 5.8%in Ningxia and 30.4%and 7.84%in Guangdong,respectively.These results indicate that kriging-ENF is a promising method for ZTD spatial prediction and BDS-PPP enhancement over China.展开更多
BACKGROUND Visual impairment during early childhood can hinder motor,language,and social development,yet data on its developmental impact across common pediatric ocular diseases remain limited.AIM To investigate the d...BACKGROUND Visual impairment during early childhood can hinder motor,language,and social development,yet data on its developmental impact across common pediatric ocular diseases remain limited.AIM To investigate the developmental impact of low vision and blindness on children under six with common ocular diseases.METHODS This retrospective study reviewed records of new patients under six with visual impairment at Siriraj Hospital’s low vision rehabilitation center(January 2017-October 2022).We collected ocular,systemic,and developmental data;recorded visual acuity in the better-seeing eye after refractive correction;and assessed developmental domains with the DenverⅡ.Univariable and multi-variable logistic regression identified factors associated with developmental delay.RESULTS A total of 161 pediatric patients(mean age 24.9±18.9 months)were enrolled and evaluated based on their ability to fix on and follow an object or light source.Some were further assessed using the Allen picture chart and all had visual acuity worse than 1.07±0.58 LogMAR,and 83.2%were identified as having global developmental delay(GDD).The three most common ocular causes were cortical visual impairment(CVI),optic neuropathy/atrophy,and optic nerve hypoplasia.Extremely poor visual acuity(inability to fixate and follow)was significantly associated with GDD[adjusted odds ratio(AOR)41.0]and delays in all developmental domains:Gross motor(AOR 10.0),fine motor(AOR 12.8),language(AOR 5.3),and personal-social skills(AOR 13.4)(P≤0.002).Multiple disabilities,most often visual impairment with cerebral palsy,were also significantly associated with gross motor delays(AOR 7.7)and fine motor delays(AOR 4.0)(P<0.05).CVI was also related to delays in language and personal-social skills(AOR 9.1 each)(P<0.05).CONCLUSION This study underscores the developmental issues in children with visual impairment,especially those with poorer acuity,CVI,and multiple disabilities.Significant delays were observed in all domains,including GDD.A timely referral to specialists is strongly recommended.展开更多
In this article,the global attractors of 2D g-Navier-Stokes equations are obtained in the space of C_(Hg) and CVg respectively.When the external force f is sufficiently small,the studies indicate that the global attra...In this article,the global attractors of 2D g-Navier-Stokes equations are obtained in the space of C_(Hg) and CVg respectively.When the external force f is sufficiently small,the studies indicate that the global attractor in C_(Hg) is equal to the global attractor in C_(Vg).展开更多
BACKGROUND Unintended pregnancy occurs when an individual or couple conceives without planning or desire,which can potentially affect a child’s physical,mental,and social well-being.This can then lead to long-term so...BACKGROUND Unintended pregnancy occurs when an individual or couple conceives without planning or desire,which can potentially affect a child’s physical,mental,and social well-being.This can then lead to long-term socioeconomic challenges for families and communities.Although its impact on child growth and development is a pressing concern,research remains limited particularly in multicenter settings.AIM To examine the long-term consequences of unintended pregnancy on the critical years of early childhood growth and development.METHODS This analytical observational study employed a case-control design and was conducted in research centers across Indonesia,encompassing those located in Central Java,Lampung,Bali,and West Nusa Tenggara.A total of 700 children aged≤5 years with histories of intended or unintended pregnancies participated.Data collection involved structured interviews and direct anthropometric and developmental assessments.Data analyses were conducted using multivariate statistics and partial least squares structural equation modeling.RESULTS Unintended pregnancy was found to have a statistically significant effect on both child growth(t=8.178;P<0.001)and child development(t=25.688;P<0.001).Key growth problems identified included underweight,undernutrition,abnormal head circumference,and stunting.Developmental challenges prominently associated with unintended pregnancy included behavioral and emotional disorders,autism spectrum disorder,attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder,social and motor skill deficits,as well as visual and hearing impairments.CONCLUSION Unintended pregnancy significantly affects child growth and development,underscoring the need for early intervention,quality prenatal care,and strengthened family planning policies.展开更多
In recent years,carbon nanotube field effect transistor(CNTFET)has become an attractive alternative to silicon for designing high-performance,highly stable,and low-power static random access memory(SRAM).SRAM serves a...In recent years,carbon nanotube field effect transistor(CNTFET)has become an attractive alternative to silicon for designing high-performance,highly stable,and low-power static random access memory(SRAM).SRAM serves as a cache memory in computers and many portable devices.Carbon nanotubes(CNTs),because of their exceptional transport capabilities,outstanding thermal conductivities,and impressive current handling capacities,have demonstrated great potential as an alternative device to the standard complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS).The SRAM cell design using CNTFET is being compared to SRAM cell designs built using traditional CMOS technology.This paper presents the comprehensive analysis of CMOS&CNTFET based 8T SRAM cell design.Because of the nanoscale size,ballistic transport,and higher carrier mobility of the semiconducting nanotubes in CNTFET,it is integrated into the 8T SRAM cell.The approach incorporates several nonidealities,including the presence of quantum confinement consequences in the peripheral and transverse prescriptions,acoustic and transparent photon diffraction in the region surrounding the channel,as well as the screening effects by parallel CNTs in CNTFETs with multiple CNTs.By incorporating Stanford University CNTFET model in CADENCE(virtuoso)32 nm simulation,we have found that CNTFET SRAM cell is 4 times faster in terms of write/read delay and the write/read power delay product(PDP)value is almost 5 times lower compared to CMOS based SRAM.We have also analyzed the effect of temperature&different tube positions of CNTs on the performance evaluation of the 8T SRAM cell.展开更多
This paper investigates modified fixed-time synchronization(FxTS)of complex networks(CNs)with time-varying delays based on continuous and discontinuous controllers.First,for the sake of making the settling time(ST)of ...This paper investigates modified fixed-time synchronization(FxTS)of complex networks(CNs)with time-varying delays based on continuous and discontinuous controllers.First,for the sake of making the settling time(ST)of FxTS is independent of the initial values and parameters of the CNs,a modified fixed-time(FxT)stability theorem is proposed,where the ST is determined by an arbitrary positive number given in advance.Then,continuous controller and discontinuous controller are designed to realize the modified FxTS target of CNs.In addition,based on the designed controllers,CNs can achieve synchronization at any given time,or even earlier.And control strategies effectively solve the problem of ST related to the parameters of CNs.Finally,an appropriate simulation example is conducted to examine the effectiveness of the designed control strategies.展开更多
Wireless communication-enabled Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control(CACC)is expected to improve the safety and traffic capacity of vehicle platoons.Existing CACC considers a conventional communication delay with fixed ...Wireless communication-enabled Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control(CACC)is expected to improve the safety and traffic capacity of vehicle platoons.Existing CACC considers a conventional communication delay with fixed Vehicular Communication Network(VCN)topologies.However,when the network is under attack,the communication delay may be much higher,and the stability of the system may not be guaranteed.This paper proposes a novel communication Delay Aware CACC with Dynamic Network Topologies(DADNT).The main idea is that for various communication delays,in order to maximize the traffic capacity while guaranteeing stability and minimizing the following error,the CACC should dynamically adjust the VCN network topology to achieve the minimum inter-vehicle spacing.To this end,a multi-objective optimization problem is formulated,and a 3-step Divide-And-Conquer sub-optimal solution(3DAC)is proposed.Simulation results show that with 3DAC,the proposed DADNT with CACC can reduce the inter-vehicle spacing by 5%,10%,and 14%,respectively,compared with the traditional CACC with fixed one-vehicle,two-vehicle,and three-vehicle look-ahead network topologies,thereby improving the traffic efficiency.展开更多
This paper considers the fundamental channel estimation problem for the multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(MIMO-OFDM)system in the presence of multi-cell interference.Specificall...This paper considers the fundamental channel estimation problem for the multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(MIMO-OFDM)system in the presence of multi-cell interference.Specifically,this paper focuses on both channel modelling and receiver design for interference estimation and mitigation.We propose a delay-calibrated block-wise linear model,which extracts the delay of the dominant tap of each interference as a key parameter and approximates the residual channel coefficients by the recently developed blockwise linear model.Based on the delay-calibrated block-wise linear model and the angle-domain channel sparsity,we further conceive a message passing algorithm to solve the channel estimation problem.Numerical results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed algorithm over the state-of-the-art algorithms.展开更多
基金funded by Taiju Life Social Welfare Foundation(to HS).
文摘Aneurysm rupture can result in subarachnoid hemorrhage,a condition with potentially severe consequences,such as disability and death.In the acute stage,early brain injury manifests as intracranial pressure elevation,global cerebral ischemia,acute hydrocephalus,and direct blood–brain contact due to aneurysm rupture.This may subsequently cause delayed cerebral infarction,often with cerebral vasospasm,significantly affecting patient outcomes.Chronic complications such as brain volume loss and chronic hydrocephalus can further impact outcomes.Investigating the mechanisms of subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced brain injury is paramount for identifying effective treatments.Stem cell therapy,with its multipotent differentiation capacity and anti-inflammatory effects,has emerged as a promising approach for treating previously deemed incurable conditions.This review focuses on the potential application of stem cells in subarachnoid hemorrhage pathology and explores their role in neurogenesis and as a therapeutic intervention in preclinical and clinical subarachnoid hemorrhage studies.
文摘Deep neural networks(DNNs)are effective in solving both forward and inverse problems for nonlinear partial differential equations(PDEs).However,conventional DNNs are not effective in handling problems such as delay differential equations(DDEs)and delay integrodifferential equations(DIDEs)with constant delays,primarily due to their low regularity at delayinduced breaking points.In this paper,a DNN method that combines multi-task learning(MTL)which is proposed to solve both the forward and inverse problems of DIDEs.The core idea of this approach is to divide the original equation into multiple tasks based on the delay,using auxiliary outputs to represent the integral terms,followed by the use of MTL to seamlessly incorporate the properties at the breaking points into the loss function.Furthermore,given the increased training dificulty associated with multiple tasks and outputs,we employ a sequential training scheme to reduce training complexity and provide reference solutions for subsequent tasks.This approach significantly enhances the approximation accuracy of solving DIDEs with DNNs,as demonstrated by comparisons with traditional DNN methods.We validate the effectiveness of this method through several numerical experiments,test various parameter sharing structures in MTL and compare the testing results of these structures.Finally,this method is implemented to solve the inverse problem of nonlinear DIDE and the results show that the unknown parameters of DIDE can be discovered with sparse or noisy data.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BZ2022007)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.92261202)+1 种基金the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(No.2021YFE0114800)the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation(No.075-15-2021-1027).
文摘Thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF)materials driven by a through-space charge transfer(TSCT)mechanism have garnered wide interest.However,access of TSCT-TADF molecules with longwavelength emission remains a formidable challenge.In this study,we introduce a novel V-type DA-D-A’emitter,Trz-mCzCbCz,by using a carborane scaffold.This design strategically incorporates carbazole(Cz)and 2,4,6-triphenyl-1,3,5-triazine(Trz)as donor and acceptor moieties,respectively.Theoretical calculations alongside experimental validations affirm the typical TSCT-TADF characteristics of this luminogen.Owing to the unique structural and electronic attributes of carboranes,Trz-mCzCbCz exhibits an orange-red emission,markedly diverging from the traditional blue-to-green emissions observed in classical Cz and Trz-based TADF molecules.Moreover,bright emission in aggregates was observed for Trz-mCzCbCz with absolute photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY)of up to 88.8%.As such,we have successfully fabricated five organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs)by utilizing Trz-mCzCbCz as the emitting layer.It is important to note that both the reverse intersystem crossing process and the TADF properties are profoundly influenced by host materials.The fabricated OLED devices reached a maximum external quantum efficiency(EQE)of 12.7%,with an emission peak at 592 nm.This represents the highest recorded efficiency for TSCT-TADF OLEDs employing carborane derivatives as emitting layers.
基金supported by Fund of State Key Laboratory of IPOC(BUPT)(No.IPOC2021ZT16),China.
文摘The integrated optical true time delay phased array antenna system has the advantages of high bandwidth,small size,low loss and strong antiinterference capability,etc.The high integration of the optically controlled phased array antenna system is a necessary trend for the future development of the phased array,and it is also a major focus and difficulty in the current research of integrated microwave photonics.This paper firstly introduces the basic principle and development history of optical true time delay phased array antenna system based on microwave photonics,and briefly introduces the main implementation methods and integration platform of optical true time delay.Then,the application and development prospect of optical true time delay technology in beam control of phased array antenna system are mainly presented.Finally,according to the current research progress,the possible research directions of integrated optically controlled phased array antenna systems in the future are proposed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42304018)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42330105,42064002,42074035)+3 种基金the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation of China(Guike AD23026177,2020GXNSFBA297145)the Foundation of Guilin University of Technology(GUTQDJJ6616032)Guangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics(21238-21-05)the Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education(YCSW2023341)。
文摘The Zenith Hydrostatic Delay(ZHD)is essential for high-precision Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)and Very Long Baseline Interferometry(VLBI)data processing.Accurate estimation of ZHD relies on in situ atmospheric pressure,which is primarily variable in the vertical direction.Current atmospheric pressure is either site-specific or has limited spatial coverage,necessitating vertical corrections for broader applicability.This study introduces a model that uses a Gaussian function for the vertical correction of atmospheric pressure when in situ meteorological observations are unavailable.Validation with the fifth-generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis(ERA5)reveals an average Bias and RMS for the new model of 0.31 h Pa and 2.96 h Pa,respectively.This corresponds to improvements of 37.5%and 80.3%in terms of RMS compared to two commonly used models(T0and Tvmodels)that require in situ meteorological observations,respectively.Additional validation with radiosonde data shows an average Bias and RMS of 1.85 h Pa and 4.87 h Pa,corresponding to the improvement of 42.8%and 71.1%in RMS compared with T0and Tv models,respectively.These accuracies are sufficient for calculating ZHD to an accuracy of 1 mm by performing atmospheric pressure vertical correction.The new model can correct atmospheric pressure from meteorological stations or numerical weather forecasts to different heights of the troposphere.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12261050)Science and Technology Project of Department of Education of Jiangxi Province(GJJ2201612 and GJJ211027)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province of China(20212BAB202021)。
文摘In this paper,we investigate the periodic traveling wave solutions problem for a single population model with advection and distributed delay.By the bifurcation analysis method,we can obtain periodic traveling wave solutions for this model under the influence of advection term and distributed delay.The obtained results indicate that weak kernel and strong kernel can both deduce the existence of periodic traveling wave solutions.Finally,we apply the main results in this paper to Logistic model and Nicholson’s blowflies model.
文摘Thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF)molecules have outstanding potential for applications in organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs).Due to the lack of systematic studies on the correlation between molecular structure and luminescence properties,TADF molecules are far from meeting the needs of practical applications in terms of variety and number.In this paper,three twisted TADF molecules are studied and their photophysical properties are theoretically predicted based on the thermal vibrational correlation function method combined with multiscale calculations.The results show that all the molecules exhibit fast reverse intersystem crossing(RISC)rates(kRISC),predicting their TADF luminescence properties.In addition,the binding of DHPAzSi as the donor unit with different acceptors can change the dihedral angle between the ground and excited states,and the planarity of the acceptors is positively correlated with the reorganization energy,a property that has a strong influence on the non-radiative process.Furthermore,a decrease in the energy of the molecular charge transfer state and an increase in the kRISC were observed in the films.This study not only provides a reliable explanation for the observed experimental results,but also offers valuable insights that can guide the design of future TADF molecules.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2021JJ31089)the Scientific Research Project of Health Commission of Hunan Province(202203104548),China。
文摘Objective:The neurotoxicity of carbon monoxide(CO)to the central nervous system is a key pathogenesis of delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning(DEACMP).Our previous study found that retinoic acid(RA)can suppress the neurotoxic effects of CO.This study further explores,in vivo and in vitro,the molecular mechanisms by which RA alleviates CO-induced central nervous system damage.Methods:A cytotoxic model was established using the mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line HT22 and primary oligodendrocytes exposed to CO,and a DEACMP animal model was established in adult Kunming mice.Cell viability and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons and oligodendrocytes were assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT)assay and Annexin V/propidium iodide(PI)double staining.The transcriptional and protein expression of each gene was detected using real time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)and Western blotting.Long noncoding RNA(lncRNA)SNHG15 and LINGO-1 were knocked down or overexpressed to observe changes in neurons and oligodendrocytes.In DEACMP mice,SNHG15 or LINGO-1 were knocked down to assess changes in central nervous tissue and downstream protein expression.Results:RA at 10 and 20μmol/L significantly reversed CO-induced apoptosis of hippocampal neurons and oligodendrocytes,downregulation of SNHG15 and LINGO-1,and upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)and tyrosine kinase receptor B(TrkB)(all P<0.05).Overexpression of SNHG15 or LINGO-1 weakened the protective effect of RA against CO-induced cytotoxicity(all P<0.05).Knockdown of SNHG15 or LINGO-1 alleviated CO-induced apoptosis of hippocampal neurons and oligodendrocytes and upregulated BDNF and TrkB expression levels(all P<0.05).Experiments in DEACMP model mice showed that knockdown of SNHG15 or LINGO-1 mitigated central nervous system injury in DEACMP(all P<0.05).Conclusion:RA alleviates CO-induced apoptosis of hippocampal neurons and oligodendrocytes,thereby reducing central nervous system injury and exerting neuroprotective effects.LncRNA SNHG15 and LINGO-1 are key molecules mediating RA induced inhibition of neuronal apoptosis and are associated with the BDNF/TrkB pathway.These findings provide a theoretical framework for optimizing the clinical treatment of DEACMP and lay an experimental foundation for elucidating its molecular mechanisms.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province,China(Youth Science Foundation)(Grant No.2022NSFSC1952).
文摘The collective dynamic of a fractional-order globally coupled system with time delays and fluctuating frequency is investigated.The power-law memory of the system is characterized using the Caputo fractional derivative operator.Additionally,time delays in the potential field force and coupling force transmission are both considered.Firstly,based on the delay decoupling formula,combined with statistical mean method and the fractional-order Shapiro–Loginov formula,the“statistic synchronization”among particles is obtained,revealing the statistical equivalence between the mean field behavior of the system and the behavior of individual particles.Due to the existence of the coupling delay,the impact of the coupling force on synchronization exhibits non-monotonic,which is different from the previous monotonic effects.Then,two kinds of theoretical expression of output amplitude gains G and G are derived by time-delay decoupling formula and small delay approximation theorem,respectively.Compared to G,G is an exact theoretical solution,which means that G is not only more accurate in the region of small delay,but also applies to the region of large delay.Finally,the study of the output amplitude gain G and its resonance behavior are explored.Due to the presence of the potential field delay,a new resonance phenomenon termed“periodic resonance”is discovered,which arises from the periodic matching between the potential field delay and the driving frequency.This resonance phenomenon is analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively,uncovering undiscovered characteristics in previous studies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12192251,12334014,92480001,12134001,12304418,12274130,12274133,12474378,and 12404378)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFA1404600 and 2022YFA1205100)+2 种基金Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2019SHZDZX01)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0301403)the Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics&Advanced Instrument,Ministry of Education,East China Normal University(Grant No.2023nmc005)。
文摘We report the fabrication of an 8-meter-long thin-flm lithium niobate optical true delay line using the photolithography-assisted chemomechanical etching technique,showing a low transmission loss of 0.036 dB/cm in the conventional telecom band.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12192251,12334014,12404378,92480001,12134001,12174113,12174107,12474325,12404379,and 12474378)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0301403)+1 种基金Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2019SHZDZX01)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,the Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics&Advanced Instrument,Ministry of Education,East China Normal University(Grant No.2023nmc005).
文摘We present a compact optical delay line(ODL)with wide-range continuous tunability on thin-film lithium niobate platform.The proposed device integrates an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer(MZI)architecture with dual tunable couplers,where each coupler comprises two 2×2 multimode interferometers and a MZI phase-tuning section.Experimental results demonstrate continuous delay tuning from 0 to 293 ps through synchronized control of coupling coefficients,corresponding to a 4 cm path difference between interferometer arms.The measured delay range exhibits excellent agreement with theoretical predictions derived from ODL waveguide parameters.This result addresses critical challenges in integrated photonic systems that require precise temporal control,particularly for applications in optical communications and quantum information processing,where a wide tuning range is paramount.
文摘To provide an energy-efficient and slab-demand-compliant rolling delay strategy,the simulation software is utilized to calculate the rolling delay process of the reheating furnace.Based on energy consumption evaluation,two optimization methods were employed.The bisection approach uses the needs of the slab to estimate the rolling delay temperature,and the golden section search method uses the energy consumption analysis of the slab to determine the high-temperature insulation duration.Generally,the slab closest to the discharge position in the control zone is selected as the optimization target.The optimized slab does not show a significant temperature rise after the end of the rolling delay process.When comparing the optimized rolling delay strategies with the traditional ones,the optimized rolling delay strategies not only meet the output requirements for slabs but also offer significant advantages in terms of energy efficiency,and this advantage increases with rolling delay time.
基金co-supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.12303071)the Shanghai Science and Technology Plan Project,China(No.23YF1455500)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M743653)Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China through the High Precision Timing Service Project(No.TC220A04A-80)。
文摘The mathematical method of ZTD(zenith tropospheric delay)spatial prediction is important for precise ZTD derivation and real-time precise point positioning(PPP)augmentation.This paper analyses the performance of the popular optimal function coefficient(OFC),sphere cap harmonic analysis(SCHA),kriging and inverse distance weighting(IDW)interpolation in ZTD spatial prediction and Beidou satellite navigation system(BDS)-PPP augmentation over China.For ZTD spatial prediction,the average time consumption of the OFC,kriging,and IDW methods is less than 0.1 s,which is significantly better than that of the SCHA method(63.157 s).The overall ZTD precision of the OFC is 3.44 cm,which outperforms those of the SCHA(9.65 cm),Kriging(10.6 cm),and IDW(11.8 cm)methods.We confirmed that the low performance of kriging and IDW is caused by their weakness in modelling ZTD variation in the vertical direction.To mitigate such deficiencies,an elevation normalization factor(ENF)is introduced into the kriging and IDW models(kriging-ENF and IDW-ENF).The overall ZTD spatial prediction accuracies of IDW-ENF and kriging-ENF are 2.80 cm and 2.01 cm,respectively,which are both superior to those of the OFC and the widely used empirical model GPT3(4.92 cm).For BDS-PPP enhancement,the ZTD provided by the kriging-ENF,IDW-ENF and OFC as prior constraints can effectively reduce the convergence time.Compared with unconstrained BDS-PPP,our proposed kriging-ENF outperforms IDW-ENF and OFC by reducing the horizontal and vertical convergence times by approximately 13.2%and 5.8%in Ningxia and 30.4%and 7.84%in Guangdong,respectively.These results indicate that kriging-ENF is a promising method for ZTD spatial prediction and BDS-PPP enhancement over China.
文摘BACKGROUND Visual impairment during early childhood can hinder motor,language,and social development,yet data on its developmental impact across common pediatric ocular diseases remain limited.AIM To investigate the developmental impact of low vision and blindness on children under six with common ocular diseases.METHODS This retrospective study reviewed records of new patients under six with visual impairment at Siriraj Hospital’s low vision rehabilitation center(January 2017-October 2022).We collected ocular,systemic,and developmental data;recorded visual acuity in the better-seeing eye after refractive correction;and assessed developmental domains with the DenverⅡ.Univariable and multi-variable logistic regression identified factors associated with developmental delay.RESULTS A total of 161 pediatric patients(mean age 24.9±18.9 months)were enrolled and evaluated based on their ability to fix on and follow an object or light source.Some were further assessed using the Allen picture chart and all had visual acuity worse than 1.07±0.58 LogMAR,and 83.2%were identified as having global developmental delay(GDD).The three most common ocular causes were cortical visual impairment(CVI),optic neuropathy/atrophy,and optic nerve hypoplasia.Extremely poor visual acuity(inability to fixate and follow)was significantly associated with GDD[adjusted odds ratio(AOR)41.0]and delays in all developmental domains:Gross motor(AOR 10.0),fine motor(AOR 12.8),language(AOR 5.3),and personal-social skills(AOR 13.4)(P≤0.002).Multiple disabilities,most often visual impairment with cerebral palsy,were also significantly associated with gross motor delays(AOR 7.7)and fine motor delays(AOR 4.0)(P<0.05).CVI was also related to delays in language and personal-social skills(AOR 9.1 each)(P<0.05).CONCLUSION This study underscores the developmental issues in children with visual impairment,especially those with poorer acuity,CVI,and multiple disabilities.Significant delays were observed in all domains,including GDD.A timely referral to specialists is strongly recommended.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11971378)Shaanxi Fundamental Science Research Project for Mathematics and Physics(23JSY050)Shaanxi Innovative Training Program for College Students(S202410719114)。
文摘In this article,the global attractors of 2D g-Navier-Stokes equations are obtained in the space of C_(Hg) and CVg respectively.When the external force f is sufficiently small,the studies indicate that the global attractor in C_(Hg) is equal to the global attractor in C_(Vg).
文摘BACKGROUND Unintended pregnancy occurs when an individual or couple conceives without planning or desire,which can potentially affect a child’s physical,mental,and social well-being.This can then lead to long-term socioeconomic challenges for families and communities.Although its impact on child growth and development is a pressing concern,research remains limited particularly in multicenter settings.AIM To examine the long-term consequences of unintended pregnancy on the critical years of early childhood growth and development.METHODS This analytical observational study employed a case-control design and was conducted in research centers across Indonesia,encompassing those located in Central Java,Lampung,Bali,and West Nusa Tenggara.A total of 700 children aged≤5 years with histories of intended or unintended pregnancies participated.Data collection involved structured interviews and direct anthropometric and developmental assessments.Data analyses were conducted using multivariate statistics and partial least squares structural equation modeling.RESULTS Unintended pregnancy was found to have a statistically significant effect on both child growth(t=8.178;P<0.001)and child development(t=25.688;P<0.001).Key growth problems identified included underweight,undernutrition,abnormal head circumference,and stunting.Developmental challenges prominently associated with unintended pregnancy included behavioral and emotional disorders,autism spectrum disorder,attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder,social and motor skill deficits,as well as visual and hearing impairments.CONCLUSION Unintended pregnancy significantly affects child growth and development,underscoring the need for early intervention,quality prenatal care,and strengthened family planning policies.
文摘In recent years,carbon nanotube field effect transistor(CNTFET)has become an attractive alternative to silicon for designing high-performance,highly stable,and low-power static random access memory(SRAM).SRAM serves as a cache memory in computers and many portable devices.Carbon nanotubes(CNTs),because of their exceptional transport capabilities,outstanding thermal conductivities,and impressive current handling capacities,have demonstrated great potential as an alternative device to the standard complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS).The SRAM cell design using CNTFET is being compared to SRAM cell designs built using traditional CMOS technology.This paper presents the comprehensive analysis of CMOS&CNTFET based 8T SRAM cell design.Because of the nanoscale size,ballistic transport,and higher carrier mobility of the semiconducting nanotubes in CNTFET,it is integrated into the 8T SRAM cell.The approach incorporates several nonidealities,including the presence of quantum confinement consequences in the peripheral and transverse prescriptions,acoustic and transparent photon diffraction in the region surrounding the channel,as well as the screening effects by parallel CNTs in CNTFETs with multiple CNTs.By incorporating Stanford University CNTFET model in CADENCE(virtuoso)32 nm simulation,we have found that CNTFET SRAM cell is 4 times faster in terms of write/read delay and the write/read power delay product(PDP)value is almost 5 times lower compared to CMOS based SRAM.We have also analyzed the effect of temperature&different tube positions of CNTs on the performance evaluation of the 8T SRAM cell.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62476082)。
文摘This paper investigates modified fixed-time synchronization(FxTS)of complex networks(CNs)with time-varying delays based on continuous and discontinuous controllers.First,for the sake of making the settling time(ST)of FxTS is independent of the initial values and parameters of the CNs,a modified fixed-time(FxT)stability theorem is proposed,where the ST is determined by an arbitrary positive number given in advance.Then,continuous controller and discontinuous controller are designed to realize the modified FxTS target of CNs.In addition,based on the designed controllers,CNs can achieve synchronization at any given time,or even earlier.And control strategies effectively solve the problem of ST related to the parameters of CNs.Finally,an appropriate simulation example is conducted to examine the effectiveness of the designed control strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant U21A20449in part by Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program under Grant BE2021013-2。
文摘Wireless communication-enabled Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control(CACC)is expected to improve the safety and traffic capacity of vehicle platoons.Existing CACC considers a conventional communication delay with fixed Vehicular Communication Network(VCN)topologies.However,when the network is under attack,the communication delay may be much higher,and the stability of the system may not be guaranteed.This paper proposes a novel communication Delay Aware CACC with Dynamic Network Topologies(DADNT).The main idea is that for various communication delays,in order to maximize the traffic capacity while guaranteeing stability and minimizing the following error,the CACC should dynamically adjust the VCN network topology to achieve the minimum inter-vehicle spacing.To this end,a multi-objective optimization problem is formulated,and a 3-step Divide-And-Conquer sub-optimal solution(3DAC)is proposed.Simulation results show that with 3DAC,the proposed DADNT with CACC can reduce the inter-vehicle spacing by 5%,10%,and 14%,respectively,compared with the traditional CACC with fixed one-vehicle,two-vehicle,and three-vehicle look-ahead network topologies,thereby improving the traffic efficiency.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant 2020YFB1804800。
文摘This paper considers the fundamental channel estimation problem for the multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(MIMO-OFDM)system in the presence of multi-cell interference.Specifically,this paper focuses on both channel modelling and receiver design for interference estimation and mitigation.We propose a delay-calibrated block-wise linear model,which extracts the delay of the dominant tap of each interference as a key parameter and approximates the residual channel coefficients by the recently developed blockwise linear model.Based on the delay-calibrated block-wise linear model and the angle-domain channel sparsity,we further conceive a message passing algorithm to solve the channel estimation problem.Numerical results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed algorithm over the state-of-the-art algorithms.
