The air-sea interactions with the submesoscale warm filament of the oceanic mixed layer are simulated by a coupled atmosphere-ocean model of the parallelized lager eddy simulation model.The results show that the warm ...The air-sea interactions with the submesoscale warm filament of the oceanic mixed layer are simulated by a coupled atmosphere-ocean model of the parallelized lager eddy simulation model.The results show that the warm core of the oceanic warm filament heats the bottom air of the atmospheric boundary layer,the rise of the bottom warm air results in the formation of the atmospheric warm filament.The variation in the width of the oceanic warm filament is generated by the change in the direction of the secondary circulations.The variation in the width of the atmospheric warm filament is created by that of the oceanic warm filament,because the direction of the secondary circulations of the atmospheric warm filament is invariable with time.The Coriolis effect results in the change in the direction of the secondary circulations for the oceanic warm filament.The secondary circulations of the atmospheric warm filament are produced by the rise of the bottom warm air caused by the oceanic warm filament,which leads to the unchanged direction of the secondary circulations.The thermal convection turbulence caused by the temperature difference of the ocean and atmosphere gradually weakens the structure of the oceanic and atmospheric warm filaments.展开更多
At low-Reynolds-number,the performance of airfoil is known to be greatly affected by the formation and burst of a laminar separation bubble(LSB),which requires a more precise simulation of the delicate flow structures...At low-Reynolds-number,the performance of airfoil is known to be greatly affected by the formation and burst of a laminar separation bubble(LSB),which requires a more precise simulation of the delicate flow structures.A framework based on the interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin method and large eddy simulation approach was adopted in the present study.The performances of various subgrid models,including the Smagorinsky(SM)model,the dynamic Smagorinsky(DSM)model,the wall-adapting local-eddy-viscosity(WALE)model,and the VREMAN model,have been analyzed through flow simulations of the SD7003 airfoil at a Reynolds number of 60000.It turns out that the SM model fails to predict the emergence of LSB,even modified by the Van-Driest damping function.On the contrary,the best agreement is generally achieved by the WALE model in terms of flow separation,reattachment,and transition locations,together with the aerodynamic loads.Furthermore,the influence of numerical dissipation has also been discussed through the comparison of skin friction and resolved Reynolds stresses.As numerical dissipation decreases,the prediction accuracy of the WALE model degrades.Meanwhile,nonlinear variation could be observed from the performances of the DSM model,which could be attributed to the interaction between the numerical dissipation and the subgrid model.展开更多
This article investigates the near-field dynamics in a particle-laden round turbulent jet in a large-eddy simulation （LES）. A point-force two-way coupling model is adopted in the simulation to reveal the particle mo...This article investigates the near-field dynamics in a particle-laden round turbulent jet in a large-eddy simulation （LES）. A point-force two-way coupling model is adopted in the simulation to reveal the particle modulation of turbulence. The particles mainly excite the initial instability of the jet and bring about the earlier breakup of vortex rings in the near-field. The flow fluc- tuating intensity either in the axial or in the radial directions is hence increased by particles. The article also describes the mean velocity modulated by particles. The changing statistical velocity induced by particle modulation implies the effects of modulation of the local flow structures. This study is expected to be useful to the control of two-phase turbulent jets.展开更多
Coagulation and growth of nanoparticles subject to large coherent structures in a planar jet has been explored by using large eddy simulation. The particle field is obtained by employing a moment method to approximate...Coagulation and growth of nanoparticles subject to large coherent structures in a planar jet has been explored by using large eddy simulation. The particle field is obtained by employing a moment method to approximate the nanoparticle general dynamic equa- tion. An incompressible fluid containing particles of 1 nm in diameter is projected into a particle-free ambient. The results show that the coherent structures dominate the evolution of the nanoparticle number intensity, diameter and polydispersity distributions as the jet develops. In addition, the coherent structures act to increase the diffusion of particles, and the vortex rolling-up makes the particles distributing more irregularly while the vortex pairing causes particle distributions to become uniform. As the jet travels downstream, the time-averaged particle number concentration becomes lower in the jet core and higher in the outskirts, whereas the time- averaged particle mass over the entire flow field maintains unaltered, and the time-averaged particle diameter and geometric standard deviations grow and reach their maximum on the interface of the jet region and the ambient.展开更多
Current research on pump-turbine units is focused on the unstable operation at off-design conditions, with the characteristic curves in generating mode being S-shaped. Unlike in the traditional water turbines, pump-tu...Current research on pump-turbine units is focused on the unstable operation at off-design conditions, with the characteristic curves in generating mode being S-shaped. Unlike in the traditional water turbines, pump-turbine operation along the S-shaped curve can lead to difficulties during load rejection with unusual increases in the water pressure, which leads to machine vibrations. This paper describes both model tests and numerical simulations. A reduced scale model of a low specific speed pump-turbine was used for the performance tests, with comparisons to computational fluid dynamics（CFD） results. Predictions using the detached eddy simulation（DES） turbulence model, which is a combined Reynolds averaged Naviers-Stokes（RANS） and large eddy simulation（LES） model, are compared with the two-equation turbulence mode results. The external characteristics as well as the internal flow are for various guide vane openings to understand the unsteady flow along the so called S characteristics of a pump-turbine. Comparison of the experimental data with the CFD results for various conditions and times shows that DES model gives better agreement with experimental data than the two-equation turbulence model. For low flow conditions, the centrifugal forces and the large incident angle create large vortices between the guide vanes and the runner inlet in the runner passage, which is the main factor leading to the S-shaped characteristics. The turbulence model used here gives more accurate simulations of the internal flow characteristics of the pump-turbine and a more detailed force analysis which shows the mechanisms controlling of the S characteristics.展开更多
An improved large eddy simulation using a dynamic second-order sub-grid-scale （SGS） stress model has been developed to model the governing equations of dense turbulent particle-liquid two-phase flows in a rotating c...An improved large eddy simulation using a dynamic second-order sub-grid-scale （SGS） stress model has been developed to model the governing equations of dense turbulent particle-liquid two-phase flows in a rotating coordinate system, and continuity is conserved by a mass-weighted method to solve the filtered governing equations. In the cur- rent second-order SGS model, the SGS stress is a function of both the resolved strain-rate and rotation-rate tensors, and the model parameters are obtained from the dimensional consistency and the invariants of the strain-rate and the rotation-rate tensors. In the numerical calculation, the finite volume method is used to discretize the governing equations with a staggered grid system. The SIMPLEC algorithm is applied for the solution of the discretized governing equations. Body- fitted coordinates are used to simulate the two-phase flows in complex geometries. Finally the second-order dynamic SGS model is successfully applied to simulate the dense turbu-lent particle-liquid two-phase flows in a centrifugal impeller. The predicted pressure and velocity distributions are in good agreement with experimental results.展开更多
A self-adaptive-grid method is applied to numerical simulation of the evolu- tion of aircraft wake vortex with the large eddy simulation （LES）. The Idaho Falls （IDF） measurement of run 9 case is simulated numerica...A self-adaptive-grid method is applied to numerical simulation of the evolu- tion of aircraft wake vortex with the large eddy simulation （LES）. The Idaho Falls （IDF） measurement of run 9 case is simulated numerically and compared with that of the field experimental data. The comparison shows that the method is reliable in the complex atmospheric environment with crosswind and ground effect. In addition, six cases with different ambient atmospheric turbulences and Brunt V^iis/il^i （BV） frequencies are com- puted with the LES. The main characteristics of vortex are appropriately simulated by the current method. The onset time of rapid decay and the descending of vortices are in agreement with the previous measurements and the numerical prediction. Also, sec-ondary structures such as baroclinic vorticity and helical structures are also simulated. Only approximately 6 million grid points are needed in computation with the present method, while the number can be as large as 34 million when using a uniform mesh with the same core resolution. The self-adaptive-grid method is proved to be practical in the numerical research of aircraft wake vortex.展开更多
A large eddy simulation （LES） of the flows around an underwater vehicle model at intermediate Reynolds numbers is performed. The underwater vehicle model is taken as the DARPA SUBOFF with full appendages, where the ...A large eddy simulation （LES） of the flows around an underwater vehicle model at intermediate Reynolds numbers is performed. The underwater vehicle model is taken as the DARPA SUBOFF with full appendages, where the Reynolds number based on the hull length is 1.0x 105, An immersed boundary method based on the moving-least-squares reconstruction is used to handle the complex geometric boundaries. The adaptive mesh refinement is utilized to resolve the flows near the hull, The parallel scalabilities of the flow solver are tested on meshes with the number of cells varying from 50 million to 3.2 billion, The parallel solver reaches nearly linear scalability for the flows around the underwater vehicle model, The present simulation captures the essential features of the vortex structures near the hull and in the wake, Both of the time-averaged pressure coefficients and srreamwise velocity profiles obtained from the LES are consistent with the characteristics of the flows pass an appended axisymmetric body. The code efficiency and its correct predictions on flow features allow us to perform the full-scale simulations on tens of thousands of cores with billions of grid points for higher-Reynolds-number flows around the underwater vehicles.展开更多
Large eddy simulations （LES） have been performed to investigate the flow and combustion fields in the scramjet of the German Aerospace Center （DLR）. Turbulent combustion is mod- eled by the tabulated thermo-chemis...Large eddy simulations （LES） have been performed to investigate the flow and combustion fields in the scramjet of the German Aerospace Center （DLR）. Turbulent combustion is mod- eled by the tabulated thermo-chemistry approach in combination with the presumed probability density function （PDF）. A/3-function is used to model the distribution of the mixture fraction, while two different PDFs, g-function （Model I） and //-function （Model II）, are applied to model the reaction progress. Temperature is obtained by solving filtered energy transport equation and the reaction rate of the progress variable is rescaled by pressure to consider the effects of compressibil- ity. The adaptive mesh refinement （AMR） technique is used to properly capture shock waves, boundary layers, shear layers and flame structures. Statistical results of temperature and velocity predicted by Model II show better accuracy than that predicted by Model I. The results of scatter points and mixture fraction-conditional variables indicate the significant differences between Model I and Model II. It is concluded that second moment information in the presumed PDF of the reaction progress is very important in the simulation of supersonic combustion. It is also found that an unstable flame with extinction and ignition develops in the shear layers of bluff body and a fuel- rich partially premixed flame stabilizes in the central recirculation bubble.展开更多
Large eddy simulations (LES) of mixing process in a stirred tank of 0.476m diameter with a 3-narrow blade hydrofoil CBY impeller were reported. The turbulent flow field and mixing time were calculated using LES with S...Large eddy simulations (LES) of mixing process in a stirred tank of 0.476m diameter with a 3-narrow blade hydrofoil CBY impeller were reported. The turbulent flow field and mixing time were calculated using LES with Sma-gorinsky-Lilly subgrid scale model. The impeller rotation was modeled using the sliding mesh technique. Better agree-ment of power demand and mixing time was obtained between the experimental and the LES prediction than that by the traditional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach. The curve of tracer response predicted by LES was in good agreement with the experimental. The results show that LES is a reliable tool to investigate the unsteady and quasi-periodic behavior of the turbulent flow in stirred tanks.展开更多
In this article, numerical investigation of the effects of different plasma actuation strengths on the film cooling flow characteristics has been conducted using large eddy simulation （LES）. For this numerical resea...In this article, numerical investigation of the effects of different plasma actuation strengths on the film cooling flow characteristics has been conducted using large eddy simulation （LES）. For this numerical research, the plasma actuator is placed downstream of the trailing edge of the film cooling hole and a phenomenological model is employed to provide the electric field generated by it, resulting in the body forces. Our results show that as the plasma actuation strength grows larger, under the downward effect of the plasma actuation, the jet trajectory near the cooling hole stays closer to the wall and the recirculation region observably reduces in size. Meanwhile, the momentum injection effect of the plasma actuation also actively alters the distributions of the velocity components downstream of the cooling hole. Consequently, the influence of the plasma actuation strength on the Reynolds stress downstream of the cooling hole is remarkable. Furthermore, the plasma actuation weakens the strength of the kidney shaped vortex and prevents the jet from lifting off the wall. Therefore, with the increase of the strength of the plasma actuation, the coolant core stays closer to the wall and tends to split into two distinct regions. So the centerline film cooling efficiency is enhanced, and it is increased by 55% at most when the plasma actuation strength is 10.展开更多
The unsteady turbulent flow during the continuous casting of steel is important, because it influences critical phenomena that affect steel quality. Unsteady three-dimensional flow in the mold region of the liquid poo...The unsteady turbulent flow during the continuous casting of steel is important, because it influences critical phenomena that affect steel quality. Unsteady three-dimensional flow in the mold region of the liquid pool during continuous casting of steel slabs has been computed using realistic geometries starting from the submerged inlet nozzle to the mold. The cassette filter function was used to deal with unsteady Navier-Stokes equation, and then the turbulent flow in the thin slab CCM was simulated with the large eddy simulation method combined with the Smagorinsky sub-grid scale model in this paper. And the model was verified by the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) experimental results which was got from a relate scientific literature. In this thesis, by means of LES, the flow characteristics in the thin slab CCM were acquired, such as the vortex distribution, the formation of the large eddy coherent structures, development, shedding and fracture process. In the same time, the turbulent asymmetric distribution was revealed even the nozzle in the centre position. Interactions between the two halves cause large velocity fluctuations near the meniscus. And the vortex is located at the low velocity side adjacent to the SEN. Along with the unsteady time development, the unsteady turbulent large vortex structures of the liquid steel in the CCM presented periodic bias flow distribution, and the period is about 20 seconds.展开更多
Based on a pseudo-spectral large eddy simulation (LES) model, an LES model with an anisotropy turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) closure model and an explicit multi-stage third-order Runge-Kutta scheme is established. The...Based on a pseudo-spectral large eddy simulation (LES) model, an LES model with an anisotropy turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) closure model and an explicit multi-stage third-order Runge-Kutta scheme is established. The modeling and analysis show that the LES model can simulate the planetary boundary layer (PBL) with a uniform underlying surface under various stratifications very well. Then, similar to the description of a forest canopy, the drag term on momentum and the production term of TKE by subgrid city buildings are introduced into the LES equations to account for the area-averaged effect of the subgrid urban canopy elements and to simulate the meteorological fields of the urban boundary layer (UBL). Numerical experiments and comparison analysis show that: (1) the result from the LES of the UBL with a proposed formula for the drag coefficient is consistent and comparable with that from wind tunnel experiments and an urban subdomain scale model; (2) due to the effect of urban buildings, the wind velocity near the canopy is decreased, turbulence is intensified, TKE, variance, and momentum flux are increased, the momentum and heat flux at the top of the PBL are increased, and the development of the PBL is quickened; (3) the height of the roughness sublayer (RS) of the actual city buildings is the maximum building height (1.5-3 times the mean building height), and a constant flux layer (CFL) exists in the lower part of the UBL.展开更多
In this study, the large eddy simulation technique was applied on the flow in a baffled stirred tank driven by a Rushton turbine at Re=29000. The interaction between the rotating impeller and the static baffles was ac...In this study, the large eddy simulation technique was applied on the flow in a baffled stirred tank driven by a Rushton turbine at Re=29000. The interaction between the rotating impeller and the static baffles was accounted for by means of the improved inner-outer iterative algorithm. The sub-grid scale model was a conventional Smagorinsky model. The numerical solution of the governing equations was conducted in a cylindrical staggered grid. The momentum and the continuity equations were discretized using the finite difference method, with a third-order QUICK scheme used for convective terms. The phase-resolved predictions were compared with the experimental data of Wu and Patterson and good agreement was observed for both the mean and the turbulence quantities. They were much better than the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes model including the Reynolds Stress Model for simulating the turbulence. The study also suggests the feasibility of LES in combination with the improved inner-outer iterative algorithm for the simulation of turbulent flow in stirred tanks.展开更多
A three dimensional numerical model in the σ coordinate system is developed to study the problem of waves. Turbulence effects are modeled by a subgrid scale (SGS) model with the concept of large eddy simulatio...A three dimensional numerical model in the σ coordinate system is developed to study the problem of waves. Turbulence effects are modeled by a subgrid scale (SGS) model with the concept of large eddy simulation (LES). The σ coordinate transformation is introduced to map the irregular physical domain of the wavy free surface and uneven bottom onto the regular computational domain of the shape of rectangular prism. The operator splitting method, which splits the solution procedure into the advection, diffusion, and propagation steps, is used to solve the modified Navier Stokes Equation. The model is used to simulate the propagation of solitary wave and wave passing over a submerged breakwater. Numerical results are compared with available analytical solutions and experimental data in terms of velocity profiles, free surface displacement, and energy conservation. Good agreement is obtained. The method is proved to be of high accuracy and efficiency in simulating surface wave propagation and wave structure interaction. It is suitable for the large and irregular physical domain, and requiring the non uniform grid system. The present work provides a foundation for further studies of random waves, wave structure interaction, wave discharge interaction, etc.展开更多
The effect of random waves on vertical plane turbulent jets is studied numerically and the mechanism behind the interaction of the jet and waves is analyzed. The large eddy simulation method is used and the σ-coordin...The effect of random waves on vertical plane turbulent jets is studied numerically and the mechanism behind the interaction of the jet and waves is analyzed. The large eddy simulation method is used and the σ-coordinate system is adopted. Turbulence is modeled by a dynamic coherent eddy model. The σ-coordinate transformation is introduced to map the irregular physical domain with a wavy free surface and an uneven bottom onto a regular computational domain. The fractional step method is used to solve the filtered Navier–Stokes equations. Results presented include the distribution of velocity, the decay law of the mean velocity along the jet axis, self-similar characteristics and volume flux per unit width. In particular, the role of coherent structures on the momentum transfer along the jet centerline and the jet instantaneous characteristics in JONSWAP waves are a special focus of this research. The numerical results obtained are of great theoretical importance in understanding the behavior of turbulent jets in random wave environments.展开更多
In this paper, the large eddy simulation method is used combined with the marker and cell method to study the wave propagation or shoaling and breaking process. As wave propagates into shallow water, the shoaling lead...In this paper, the large eddy simulation method is used combined with the marker and cell method to study the wave propagation or shoaling and breaking process. As wave propagates into shallow water, the shoaling leads to the increase of wave height, and then at a certain position, the wave will be breaking. The breaking wave is a powerful agent for generating turbulence, which plays an important role in most of the fluid dynamic processes throughout the surf zone, Such as transformation of wave energy, generation of near-shore current and diffusion of materials. So a proper numerical model for describing the turbulence effect is needed. In this paper, a revised Smagorinsky subgrid-scale model is used to describe the turbulence effect. The present study reveals that the coefficient of the Smagorinsky model for wave propagation or breaking simulation may be taken as a varying function of the water depth and distance away from the wave breaking point. The large eddy simulation model presented in this paper has been used to study the propagation of the solitary wave in constant water depth and the shoaling of the non-breaking solitary wave on a beach. The model is based on large eddy simulation, and to track free-surface movements, the Tokyo University Modified Marker and Cell (TUMMAC) method is employed. In order to ensure the accuracy of each component of this wave mathematical model, several steps have been taken to verify calculated solutions; with either analytical solutions or experimental data. For non-breaking waves, very accurate results are obtained for a solitary wave propagating over a constant depth and on a beach. Application of the model to cnoidal wave breaking in the surf zone shows that the model results are in good agreement with analytical solution and experimental data. From the present model results, it can be seen that the turbulent eddy viscosity increases from the bottom to the water surface in surf zone. In the eddy viscosity curve, there is a turn-point obviously, dividing water depth into two parts, in the upper part, the eddy viscosity becomes very large near the wave breaking position.展开更多
Based on the fluid motion equations, the physical meaning of eddy viscosity coefficient and the rationality of the Boussinesq hypothesis are discussed in this paper. The effect of the coefficient on numerical stabilit...Based on the fluid motion equations, the physical meaning of eddy viscosity coefficient and the rationality of the Boussinesq hypothesis are discussed in this paper. The effect of the coefficient on numerical stability is analyzed briefly. A semi-enclosed rectangular sea area, with an orthogonal spur dike, is applied in a 2-D numerical model to study the effect of horizontal eddy viscosity coefficient (A(H)), The computed result shows that A(H) has little influence on the tidal level and averaged flow velocity, but has obvious influence on the intensity and the range of return flow around near the spur dike. Correspondingly, a wind-driven current pool and an annular current are applied in a 3-D numerical model respectively to study the effect of vertical eddy viscosity coefficient (A(V)). The computed result shows that the absolute value of A(V) is inversely proportional to that of horizontal velocity, and the vertical gradient value of A(V) determines the vertical distribution of horizontal velocity, The distribution form of A(V) is theoretically recommended as a parabolic type, of which the maximum value appears at 0.5 H.展开更多
An investigation of large-eddy simulation(LES) for turbulent channel flow with buoyancy effects was performed by solving the resolved incompressible Navier-Stokes equations under the Boussinesq approximation. The Smag...An investigation of large-eddy simulation(LES) for turbulent channel flow with buoyancy effects was performed by solving the resolved incompressible Navier-Stokes equations under the Boussinesq approximation. The Smagorinsky eddy-viscosity model and Yoshizawa eddy-viscosity model were used to describe the unresolved subgrid scale (SGS) fluctuations respectively After some numerical testing, the latter was further simplified so that if can be used in the dynamic model closure. A LES code was developed for parallel computations by using the parallel technique, and aas run on the Dawn-1000 parallel computer. To demonstrate the viability and accuracy of the code, our results are compared with and found in good agreement with available LES results.展开更多
基金The Scientific Research Fund for Doctor/Professor of Hezhou University under contract No.2024BSQD01the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.42466001the project supported by Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)under contract No.SML2023SP240。
文摘The air-sea interactions with the submesoscale warm filament of the oceanic mixed layer are simulated by a coupled atmosphere-ocean model of the parallelized lager eddy simulation model.The results show that the warm core of the oceanic warm filament heats the bottom air of the atmospheric boundary layer,the rise of the bottom warm air results in the formation of the atmospheric warm filament.The variation in the width of the oceanic warm filament is generated by the change in the direction of the secondary circulations.The variation in the width of the atmospheric warm filament is created by that of the oceanic warm filament,because the direction of the secondary circulations of the atmospheric warm filament is invariable with time.The Coriolis effect results in the change in the direction of the secondary circulations for the oceanic warm filament.The secondary circulations of the atmospheric warm filament are produced by the rise of the bottom warm air caused by the oceanic warm filament,which leads to the unchanged direction of the secondary circulations.The thermal convection turbulence caused by the temperature difference of the ocean and atmosphere gradually weakens the structure of the oceanic and atmospheric warm filaments.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFE0207000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12372289,11972250,and 12102298)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2021M702443)Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.22JCZDJC00910).
文摘At low-Reynolds-number,the performance of airfoil is known to be greatly affected by the formation and burst of a laminar separation bubble(LSB),which requires a more precise simulation of the delicate flow structures.A framework based on the interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin method and large eddy simulation approach was adopted in the present study.The performances of various subgrid models,including the Smagorinsky(SM)model,the dynamic Smagorinsky(DSM)model,the wall-adapting local-eddy-viscosity(WALE)model,and the VREMAN model,have been analyzed through flow simulations of the SD7003 airfoil at a Reynolds number of 60000.It turns out that the SM model fails to predict the emergence of LSB,even modified by the Van-Driest damping function.On the contrary,the best agreement is generally achieved by the WALE model in terms of flow separation,reattachment,and transition locations,together with the aerodynamic loads.Furthermore,the influence of numerical dissipation has also been discussed through the comparison of skin friction and resolved Reynolds stresses.As numerical dissipation decreases,the prediction accuracy of the WALE model degrades.Meanwhile,nonlinear variation could be observed from the performances of the DSM model,which could be attributed to the interaction between the numerical dissipation and the subgrid model.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (50706021)Ph.D.Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (20070003018)TNList Cross-discipline Foundation
文摘This article investigates the near-field dynamics in a particle-laden round turbulent jet in a large-eddy simulation （LES）. A point-force two-way coupling model is adopted in the simulation to reveal the particle modulation of turbulence. The particles mainly excite the initial instability of the jet and bring about the earlier breakup of vortex rings in the near-field. The flow fluc- tuating intensity either in the axial or in the radial directions is hence increased by particles. The article also describes the mean velocity modulated by particles. The changing statistical velocity induced by particle modulation implies the effects of modulation of the local flow structures. This study is expected to be useful to the control of two-phase turbulent jets.
基金The project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10372090)the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (20030335001)
文摘Coagulation and growth of nanoparticles subject to large coherent structures in a planar jet has been explored by using large eddy simulation. The particle field is obtained by employing a moment method to approximate the nanoparticle general dynamic equa- tion. An incompressible fluid containing particles of 1 nm in diameter is projected into a particle-free ambient. The results show that the coherent structures dominate the evolution of the nanoparticle number intensity, diameter and polydispersity distributions as the jet develops. In addition, the coherent structures act to increase the diffusion of particles, and the vortex rolling-up makes the particles distributing more irregularly while the vortex pairing causes particle distributions to become uniform. As the jet travels downstream, the time-averaged particle number concentration becomes lower in the jet core and higher in the outskirts, whereas the time- averaged particle mass over the entire flow field maintains unaltered, and the time-averaged particle diameter and geometric standard deviations grow and reach their maximum on the interface of the jet region and the ambient.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51139007)State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Open Foundation of China(Grant No.2014-KY-05)
文摘Current research on pump-turbine units is focused on the unstable operation at off-design conditions, with the characteristic curves in generating mode being S-shaped. Unlike in the traditional water turbines, pump-turbine operation along the S-shaped curve can lead to difficulties during load rejection with unusual increases in the water pressure, which leads to machine vibrations. This paper describes both model tests and numerical simulations. A reduced scale model of a low specific speed pump-turbine was used for the performance tests, with comparisons to computational fluid dynamics（CFD） results. Predictions using the detached eddy simulation（DES） turbulence model, which is a combined Reynolds averaged Naviers-Stokes（RANS） and large eddy simulation（LES） model, are compared with the two-equation turbulence mode results. The external characteristics as well as the internal flow are for various guide vane openings to understand the unsteady flow along the so called S characteristics of a pump-turbine. Comparison of the experimental data with the CFD results for various conditions and times shows that DES model gives better agreement with experimental data than the two-equation turbulence model. For low flow conditions, the centrifugal forces and the large incident angle create large vortices between the guide vanes and the runner inlet in the runner passage, which is the main factor leading to the S-shaped characteristics. The turbulence model used here gives more accurate simulations of the internal flow characteristics of the pump-turbine and a more detailed force analysis which shows the mechanisms controlling of the S characteristics.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(50779069 and 90510007)the Start-up Scientific Research Foundation of China Agricultural University(2006021)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(3071002).
文摘An improved large eddy simulation using a dynamic second-order sub-grid-scale （SGS） stress model has been developed to model the governing equations of dense turbulent particle-liquid two-phase flows in a rotating coordinate system, and continuity is conserved by a mass-weighted method to solve the filtered governing equations. In the cur- rent second-order SGS model, the SGS stress is a function of both the resolved strain-rate and rotation-rate tensors, and the model parameters are obtained from the dimensional consistency and the invariants of the strain-rate and the rotation-rate tensors. In the numerical calculation, the finite volume method is used to discretize the governing equations with a staggered grid system. The SIMPLEC algorithm is applied for the solution of the discretized governing equations. Body- fitted coordinates are used to simulate the two-phase flows in complex geometries. Finally the second-order dynamic SGS model is successfully applied to simulate the dense turbu-lent particle-liquid two-phase flows in a centrifugal impeller. The predicted pressure and velocity distributions are in good agreement with experimental results.
基金Project supported by the Boeing-COMAC Aviation Energy Conservation and Emissions Reduction Technology Center(AECER)
文摘A self-adaptive-grid method is applied to numerical simulation of the evolu- tion of aircraft wake vortex with the large eddy simulation （LES）. The Idaho Falls （IDF） measurement of run 9 case is simulated numerically and compared with that of the field experimental data. The comparison shows that the method is reliable in the complex atmospheric environment with crosswind and ground effect. In addition, six cases with different ambient atmospheric turbulences and Brunt V^iis/il^i （BV） frequencies are com- puted with the LES. The main characteristics of vortex are appropriately simulated by the current method. The onset time of rapid decay and the descending of vortices are in agreement with the previous measurements and the numerical prediction. Also, sec-ondary structures such as baroclinic vorticity and helical structures are also simulated. Only approximately 6 million grid points are needed in computation with the present method, while the number can be as large as 34 million when using a uniform mesh with the same core resolution. The self-adaptive-grid method is proved to be practical in the numerical research of aircraft wake vortex.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11302238, 11232011. and 11572331)support from the Strategic Priority Research Program (XDB22040104)+1 种基金the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (QYZDJ-SSW-SYS002)the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program 2013CB834100: Nonlinear science)
文摘A large eddy simulation （LES） of the flows around an underwater vehicle model at intermediate Reynolds numbers is performed. The underwater vehicle model is taken as the DARPA SUBOFF with full appendages, where the Reynolds number based on the hull length is 1.0x 105, An immersed boundary method based on the moving-least-squares reconstruction is used to handle the complex geometric boundaries. The adaptive mesh refinement is utilized to resolve the flows near the hull, The parallel scalabilities of the flow solver are tested on meshes with the number of cells varying from 50 million to 3.2 billion, The parallel solver reaches nearly linear scalability for the flows around the underwater vehicle model, The present simulation captures the essential features of the vortex structures near the hull and in the wake, Both of the time-averaged pressure coefficients and srreamwise velocity profiles obtained from the LES are consistent with the characteristics of the flows pass an appended axisymmetric body. The code efficiency and its correct predictions on flow features allow us to perform the full-scale simulations on tens of thousands of cores with billions of grid points for higher-Reynolds-number flows around the underwater vehicles.
基金financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51176178, 50936005)
文摘Large eddy simulations （LES） have been performed to investigate the flow and combustion fields in the scramjet of the German Aerospace Center （DLR）. Turbulent combustion is mod- eled by the tabulated thermo-chemistry approach in combination with the presumed probability density function （PDF）. A/3-function is used to model the distribution of the mixture fraction, while two different PDFs, g-function （Model I） and //-function （Model II）, are applied to model the reaction progress. Temperature is obtained by solving filtered energy transport equation and the reaction rate of the progress variable is rescaled by pressure to consider the effects of compressibil- ity. The adaptive mesh refinement （AMR） technique is used to properly capture shock waves, boundary layers, shear layers and flame structures. Statistical results of temperature and velocity predicted by Model II show better accuracy than that predicted by Model I. The results of scatter points and mixture fraction-conditional variables indicate the significant differences between Model I and Model II. It is concluded that second moment information in the presumed PDF of the reaction progress is very important in the simulation of supersonic combustion. It is also found that an unstable flame with extinction and ignition develops in the shear layers of bluff body and a fuel- rich partially premixed flame stabilizes in the central recirculation bubble.
文摘Large eddy simulations (LES) of mixing process in a stirred tank of 0.476m diameter with a 3-narrow blade hydrofoil CBY impeller were reported. The turbulent flow field and mixing time were calculated using LES with Sma-gorinsky-Lilly subgrid scale model. The impeller rotation was modeled using the sliding mesh technique. Better agree-ment of power demand and mixing time was obtained between the experimental and the LES prediction than that by the traditional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach. The curve of tracer response predicted by LES was in good agreement with the experimental. The results show that LES is a reliable tool to investigate the unsteady and quasi-periodic behavior of the turbulent flow in stirred tanks.
文摘In this article, numerical investigation of the effects of different plasma actuation strengths on the film cooling flow characteristics has been conducted using large eddy simulation （LES）. For this numerical research, the plasma actuator is placed downstream of the trailing edge of the film cooling hole and a phenomenological model is employed to provide the electric field generated by it, resulting in the body forces. Our results show that as the plasma actuation strength grows larger, under the downward effect of the plasma actuation, the jet trajectory near the cooling hole stays closer to the wall and the recirculation region observably reduces in size. Meanwhile, the momentum injection effect of the plasma actuation also actively alters the distributions of the velocity components downstream of the cooling hole. Consequently, the influence of the plasma actuation strength on the Reynolds stress downstream of the cooling hole is remarkable. Furthermore, the plasma actuation weakens the strength of the kidney shaped vortex and prevents the jet from lifting off the wall. Therefore, with the increase of the strength of the plasma actuation, the coolant core stays closer to the wall and tends to split into two distinct regions. So the centerline film cooling efficiency is enhanced, and it is increased by 55% at most when the plasma actuation strength is 10.
文摘The unsteady turbulent flow during the continuous casting of steel is important, because it influences critical phenomena that affect steel quality. Unsteady three-dimensional flow in the mold region of the liquid pool during continuous casting of steel slabs has been computed using realistic geometries starting from the submerged inlet nozzle to the mold. The cassette filter function was used to deal with unsteady Navier-Stokes equation, and then the turbulent flow in the thin slab CCM was simulated with the large eddy simulation method combined with the Smagorinsky sub-grid scale model in this paper. And the model was verified by the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) experimental results which was got from a relate scientific literature. In this thesis, by means of LES, the flow characteristics in the thin slab CCM were acquired, such as the vortex distribution, the formation of the large eddy coherent structures, development, shedding and fracture process. In the same time, the turbulent asymmetric distribution was revealed even the nozzle in the centre position. Interactions between the two halves cause large velocity fluctuations near the meniscus. And the vortex is located at the low velocity side adjacent to the SEN. Along with the unsteady time development, the unsteady turbulent large vortex structures of the liquid steel in the CCM presented periodic bias flow distribution, and the period is about 20 seconds.
基金The research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.40333027 and 40075004.
文摘Based on a pseudo-spectral large eddy simulation (LES) model, an LES model with an anisotropy turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) closure model and an explicit multi-stage third-order Runge-Kutta scheme is established. The modeling and analysis show that the LES model can simulate the planetary boundary layer (PBL) with a uniform underlying surface under various stratifications very well. Then, similar to the description of a forest canopy, the drag term on momentum and the production term of TKE by subgrid city buildings are introduced into the LES equations to account for the area-averaged effect of the subgrid urban canopy elements and to simulate the meteorological fields of the urban boundary layer (UBL). Numerical experiments and comparison analysis show that: (1) the result from the LES of the UBL with a proposed formula for the drag coefficient is consistent and comparable with that from wind tunnel experiments and an urban subdomain scale model; (2) due to the effect of urban buildings, the wind velocity near the canopy is decreased, turbulence is intensified, TKE, variance, and momentum flux are increased, the momentum and heat flux at the top of the PBL are increased, and the development of the PBL is quickened; (3) the height of the roughness sublayer (RS) of the actual city buildings is the maximum building height (1.5-3 times the mean building height), and a constant flux layer (CFL) exists in the lower part of the UBL.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.20236050） and the State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China （No.2004CB217604）.
文摘In this study, the large eddy simulation technique was applied on the flow in a baffled stirred tank driven by a Rushton turbine at Re=29000. The interaction between the rotating impeller and the static baffles was accounted for by means of the improved inner-outer iterative algorithm. The sub-grid scale model was a conventional Smagorinsky model. The numerical solution of the governing equations was conducted in a cylindrical staggered grid. The momentum and the continuity equations were discretized using the finite difference method, with a third-order QUICK scheme used for convective terms. The phase-resolved predictions were compared with the experimental data of Wu and Patterson and good agreement was observed for both the mean and the turbulence quantities. They were much better than the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes model including the Reynolds Stress Model for simulating the turbulence. The study also suggests the feasibility of LES in combination with the improved inner-outer iterative algorithm for the simulation of turbulent flow in stirred tanks.
文摘A three dimensional numerical model in the σ coordinate system is developed to study the problem of waves. Turbulence effects are modeled by a subgrid scale (SGS) model with the concept of large eddy simulation (LES). The σ coordinate transformation is introduced to map the irregular physical domain of the wavy free surface and uneven bottom onto the regular computational domain of the shape of rectangular prism. The operator splitting method, which splits the solution procedure into the advection, diffusion, and propagation steps, is used to solve the modified Navier Stokes Equation. The model is used to simulate the propagation of solitary wave and wave passing over a submerged breakwater. Numerical results are compared with available analytical solutions and experimental data in terms of velocity profiles, free surface displacement, and energy conservation. Good agreement is obtained. The method is proved to be of high accuracy and efficiency in simulating surface wave propagation and wave structure interaction. It is suitable for the large and irregular physical domain, and requiring the non uniform grid system. The present work provides a foundation for further studies of random waves, wave structure interaction, wave discharge interaction, etc.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50679023, 50879019)Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (20070294012)+2 种基金the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (50925932)Outstanding Doctoral Dissertation Incubation Program of Hohai University (2010B18814)Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province, and 333 High-Level Talent Training Program of Jiangsu Province (2017-B08038)
文摘The effect of random waves on vertical plane turbulent jets is studied numerically and the mechanism behind the interaction of the jet and waves is analyzed. The large eddy simulation method is used and the σ-coordinate system is adopted. Turbulence is modeled by a dynamic coherent eddy model. The σ-coordinate transformation is introduced to map the irregular physical domain with a wavy free surface and an uneven bottom onto a regular computational domain. The fractional step method is used to solve the filtered Navier–Stokes equations. Results presented include the distribution of velocity, the decay law of the mean velocity along the jet axis, self-similar characteristics and volume flux per unit width. In particular, the role of coherent structures on the momentum transfer along the jet centerline and the jet instantaneous characteristics in JONSWAP waves are a special focus of this research. The numerical results obtained are of great theoretical importance in understanding the behavior of turbulent jets in random wave environments.
基金This research project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and The Hong Kong Research Grants under contracts No. 59809006 and No. 59890200, also by the Science Foundation of Tianjin Municipality under contract No. 9837020
文摘In this paper, the large eddy simulation method is used combined with the marker and cell method to study the wave propagation or shoaling and breaking process. As wave propagates into shallow water, the shoaling leads to the increase of wave height, and then at a certain position, the wave will be breaking. The breaking wave is a powerful agent for generating turbulence, which plays an important role in most of the fluid dynamic processes throughout the surf zone, Such as transformation of wave energy, generation of near-shore current and diffusion of materials. So a proper numerical model for describing the turbulence effect is needed. In this paper, a revised Smagorinsky subgrid-scale model is used to describe the turbulence effect. The present study reveals that the coefficient of the Smagorinsky model for wave propagation or breaking simulation may be taken as a varying function of the water depth and distance away from the wave breaking point. The large eddy simulation model presented in this paper has been used to study the propagation of the solitary wave in constant water depth and the shoaling of the non-breaking solitary wave on a beach. The model is based on large eddy simulation, and to track free-surface movements, the Tokyo University Modified Marker and Cell (TUMMAC) method is employed. In order to ensure the accuracy of each component of this wave mathematical model, several steps have been taken to verify calculated solutions; with either analytical solutions or experimental data. For non-breaking waves, very accurate results are obtained for a solitary wave propagating over a constant depth and on a beach. Application of the model to cnoidal wave breaking in the surf zone shows that the model results are in good agreement with analytical solution and experimental data. From the present model results, it can be seen that the turbulent eddy viscosity increases from the bottom to the water surface in surf zone. In the eddy viscosity curve, there is a turn-point obviously, dividing water depth into two parts, in the upper part, the eddy viscosity becomes very large near the wave breaking position.
文摘Based on the fluid motion equations, the physical meaning of eddy viscosity coefficient and the rationality of the Boussinesq hypothesis are discussed in this paper. The effect of the coefficient on numerical stability is analyzed briefly. A semi-enclosed rectangular sea area, with an orthogonal spur dike, is applied in a 2-D numerical model to study the effect of horizontal eddy viscosity coefficient (A(H)), The computed result shows that A(H) has little influence on the tidal level and averaged flow velocity, but has obvious influence on the intensity and the range of return flow around near the spur dike. Correspondingly, a wind-driven current pool and an annular current are applied in a 3-D numerical model respectively to study the effect of vertical eddy viscosity coefficient (A(V)). The computed result shows that the absolute value of A(V) is inversely proportional to that of horizontal velocity, and the vertical gradient value of A(V) determines the vertical distribution of horizontal velocity, The distribution form of A(V) is theoretically recommended as a parabolic type, of which the maximum value appears at 0.5 H.
基金The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Chinaby the Youngster Funding of Academia Sinica
文摘An investigation of large-eddy simulation(LES) for turbulent channel flow with buoyancy effects was performed by solving the resolved incompressible Navier-Stokes equations under the Boussinesq approximation. The Smagorinsky eddy-viscosity model and Yoshizawa eddy-viscosity model were used to describe the unresolved subgrid scale (SGS) fluctuations respectively After some numerical testing, the latter was further simplified so that if can be used in the dynamic model closure. A LES code was developed for parallel computations by using the parallel technique, and aas run on the Dawn-1000 parallel computer. To demonstrate the viability and accuracy of the code, our results are compared with and found in good agreement with available LES results.
