The authors regret that in 1.2.Instruments section of the article,when describing the principle of TiH300,the original content of“Briefly,ambient HONO was first absorbed by deionized water in a two-channel stripping ...The authors regret that in 1.2.Instruments section of the article,when describing the principle of TiH300,the original content of“Briefly,ambient HONO was first absorbed by deionized water in a two-channel stripping coil.The absorbed liquid nitrite was mixed with sulfanilamide,N-(1-naphthyl)-ethylenediamine dihydrochloride,and hydrogen chloride solution to form the azo dye derivative.”展开更多
The authors regret to report some missing information in the synthetic reagents and associated changes of the paper.On page 511,the author information reads:“5.0 mmol of citric acid(C_(6)H_(8)O_(7)),5.0 mmol of ferri...The authors regret to report some missing information in the synthetic reagents and associated changes of the paper.On page 511,the author information reads:“5.0 mmol of citric acid(C_(6)H_(8)O_(7)),5.0 mmol of ferric chloride hexahydrate(FeCl_(3)·6H_(2)O),and 10.0 mmol of o-phenylenediamine(C_(6)H_(8)N_(2))were combined with 40 mL of deionized water and magnetically stirred until fully dissolved.”展开更多
Low-electrode capacitive deionization(FCDI)is an emerging desalination technology with great potential for removal and/or recycling ions from a range of waters.However,it still suffers from inefficient charge transfer...Low-electrode capacitive deionization(FCDI)is an emerging desalination technology with great potential for removal and/or recycling ions from a range of waters.However,it still suffers from inefficient charge transfer and ion transport kinetics due to weak turbulence and low electric intensity in flow electrodes,both restricted by the current collectors.Herein,a new tip-array current collector(designated as T-CC)was developed to replace the conventional planar current collectors,which intensifies both the charge transfer and ion transport significantly.The effects of tip arrays on flow and electric fields were studied by both computational simulations and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,which revealed the reduction of ion transport barrier,charge transport barrier and internal resistance.With the voltage increased from 1.0 to 1.5 and 2.0 V,the T-CC-based FCDI system(T-FCDI)exhibited average salt removal rates(ASRR)of 0.18,0.50,and 0.89μmol cm^(-2) min^(-1),respectively,which are 1.82,2.65,and 2.48 folds higher than that of the conventional serpentine current collectors,and 1.48,1.67,and 1.49 folds higher than that of the planar current collectors.Meanwhile,with the solid content in flow electrodes increased from 1 to 5 wt%,the ASRR for T-FCDI increased from 0.29 to 0.50μmol cm^(-2) min^(-1),which are 1.70 and 1.67 folds higher than that of the planar current collectors.Additionally,a salt removal efficiency of 99.89%was achieved with T-FCDI and the charge efficiency remained above 95%after 24 h of operation,thus showing its superior long-term stability.展开更多
The capacitive deionization(CDI)performance of silver(Ag)electrodes is limited by electrochemical failure induced by volumetric expansion.While carbon encapsulation and Ag size control mitigate stress concentration an...The capacitive deionization(CDI)performance of silver(Ag)electrodes is limited by electrochemical failure induced by volumetric expansion.While carbon encapsulation and Ag size control mitigate stress concentration and pulverization,achieving precise size control,suppression of aggregation,and uniform dispersion of Ag nanoparticles remains challenging.Herein,the metal-organic frameworks(MOF)-assisted pyrolysis-galvanic replacement method was employed to construct ultrafine Ag particles uniformly anchored within a three-dimensional(3D)-ordered porous carbon skeleton composite(3D Ag@NC).By utilizing the potential difference between the elements,spontaneous replacement reactions occur,effectively preventing particle agglomeration usually caused by high-temperature reduction.The in situ constructed 3D porous carbon skeleton not only promotes electron transfer and electrolyte penetration but also mitigates the volume expansion of Ag particles during electrochemical cycling.Consequently,3D Ag@NC demonstrates outstanding dechlorination performance(105.29 mg g^(-1)),high charge efficiency(0.95),and exceptional cycling stability(84.12% after 100 cycles).This galvanic replacement strategy offers valuable insights into the fabrication of other small-sized,highly dispersed metal electrode materials.展开更多
Hybrid capacitive deionization(HCDI)shows promise for desalinating brackish and saline water by utilizing the pseudocapacitive properties of faradaic electrodes.Organic materials,with their low environmental impact an...Hybrid capacitive deionization(HCDI)shows promise for desalinating brackish and saline water by utilizing the pseudocapacitive properties of faradaic electrodes.Organic materials,with their low environmental impact and adaptable structures,are attractive for this application.However,their scarcity of active sites and tendency to dissolve in water-based solutions remain significant challenges.Herein,we synthesized a polynaphthalenequinoneimine(PCON)polymer with stable long-range ordered framework and rough three-dimensional floral surface morphology,along with high-density active sites provided by C=O and C=N functional groups,enabling efficient redox reactions and achieving a high Na^(+)capture capability.The synthesized PCON polymer showcases outstanding electroadsorption characteristics and notable structural robustness,attaining an impressive specific capacitance of 500.45 F g^(-1) at 1 A g^(-1) and maintaining 86.1%of its original capacitance following 5000 charge–discharge cycles.Benefiting from the superior pseudocapacitive properties of the PCON polymer,we have developed an HCDI system that not only exhibits exceptional salt removal capacity of 100.8 mg g^(-1) and a remarkable rapid average removal rate of 3.36 mg g^(-1) min-1 but also maintains 97%of its initial desalination capacity after 50 cycles,thereby distinguishing itself in the field of state-ofthe-art desalination technologies with its comprehensive performance that significantly surpasses reported organic capacitive deionization materials.Prospectively,the synthesis paradigm of the double active-sites PCON polymer may be extrapolated to other organic electrodes,heralding new avenues for the design of high-performance desalination systems.展开更多
High-salinity wastewater treatment has always been a challenging issue.In this study,coal tar pitch was used as the carbon source and melamine as the nitrogen source to prepare coal tar pitch-based nanosheets(CPN-9)us...High-salinity wastewater treatment has always been a challenging issue.In this study,coal tar pitch was used as the carbon source and melamine as the nitrogen source to prepare coal tar pitch-based nanosheets(CPN-9)using a salt-template method.The desalination performance of CPN-9 was evaluated using flow-electrode capacitive deionization technology.The results showed that CPN-9 has a high specific surface area(466.34 m^(2)/g),a rich pore structure(micro-/meso-pore volume was 0.28),excellent rheological properties,and hydrophilicity(contact angle of 20.44°),thereby accelerating ion transport.Electrochemical results indicated that CPN-9 exhibits a significant double-layer ion storage mechanism,with a specific capacitance of 176.66 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g.CPN-9 has a very low charge transfer resistance.The synergistic effect of aromatic carbon and nitrogen doping(the content of pyrrole and pyridine nitrogen was 36.40%and 35.83%,respectively)in coal tar pitch accelerates electron transfer in CPN-9.The good ion diffusion performance and low impedance of CPN-9 accelerate the ion exchange rate,resulting in outstanding desalination performance.At 1.2 V and 3%mass loading,with a CPN-9 to conductive carbon black ratio of 4:1,the average desalination rate,charge efficiency,and energy consumption reached 0.039 mg/(cm^(2)·min),48.47%,and 0.012 kWh/mol,respectively.In summary,this study optimized the structure of CPN-9 from the perspective of electronic and ionic transport,enhancing its desalination performance and providing theoretical support for the deionization of high-salinity wastewater.展开更多
As a new electrochemical technology,capacitive deionization(CDI)has been increasingly applied in environmental water treatment and seawater desalination.In this study,functional groups modified porous hollow carbon(HC...As a new electrochemical technology,capacitive deionization(CDI)has been increasingly applied in environmental water treatment and seawater desalination.In this study,functional groups modified porous hollow carbon(HC)were synthesized as CDI electrode material for removing Na^(+)and Cl^(−)in salty water.Results showed that the average diameter of HC was approximately 180 nm,and the infrared spectrum showed that its surface was successfully modified with sulfonic and amino groups,respectively.The sulfonic acid functionalized HC(HC-S)showed better electrochemical and desalting performance than the amino-functionalized HC(HC–N),with a maximum Faradic capacity of 287.4 F/g and an adsorptive capacity of 112.97 mg/g for NaCl.Additionally,92.63%capacity retention after 100 adsorption/desorption cycles demonstrates the excellent stability of HC-S.The main findings prove that HC-S is viable as an electrodematerial for desalination by high-performance CDI applications.展开更多
Solar-driven interface evaporation with high solar-to-steam conversion efficiency has shown great potential in seawater desalination.However,due to the influence of latent heat and condensation efficiency,the water yi...Solar-driven interface evaporation with high solar-to-steam conversion efficiency has shown great potential in seawater desalination.However,due to the influence of latent heat and condensation efficiency,the water yield from solar-driven interface evaporation remains insufficient,posing a significant challenge that requires resolution.In this work,we designed a dual-mode high-flux seawater desalination device that combines solar-driven interface evaporation and capacitive desalination.By utilizing coupled desalination materials exhibiting both photothermal conversion and capacitance activity,the device demonstrated photothermal evaporation rates of 1.41 and 0.97 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)for condensate water yield under one-sun irradiation.Additionally,the device exhibited a salt adsorption capacity of up to48 mg g^(-1)and a salt adsorption rate of 2.1 mg g^(-1)min-1.In addition,the salt adsorption capacity increased by approximately 32%under one-sun irradiation.Furthermore,photo-enhanced capacitive desalination performance was explored through numerical simulations and theoretical calculations.Theoretical calculations and characterizations confirmed that the defect energy levels formed by the introduction of sulfur vacancies can effectively widen the light absorption range,improve photothermal conversion performance,and stimulate more photoelectrons to participate in capacitive desalination.Concurrently,the electron distribution state of molybdenum disulfide with sulfur vacancies and surface defect sites contributes to ion/electron transport at the solid-liquid interface.This work provides a novel pathway for integrating solar vapor generation with other low-energy desalination technologies.展开更多
Hybrid electrochemical devices(HEDs),which consist of one faradaic electrode and the other capacitive electrode,are considered as promising technologies owing to their high ion storage capacity,excellent rate performa...Hybrid electrochemical devices(HEDs),which consist of one faradaic electrode and the other capacitive electrode,are considered as promising technologies owing to their high ion storage capacity,excellent rate performance,and long cyclability.In particular,MXenes have been extensively investigated as faradaic electrodes of HEDs owing to their fast electron and ion transport capabilities and diverse and tunable surface modifications.Herein,we provide a comprehensive review on the design strategies for enhancing the electrochemical performances of MXenes in HEDs,focusing on interlayer engineering,surface modification,and hybrid formation.We also summarize the recent advancement in the use of MXenes in metal-ion hybrid capacitors and hybrid capacitive deionization.Lastly,we address the current challenges for the practical application of MXene-based hybrid devices and offer our perspectives for future research directions.This review aims to provide insights into innovative MXene design strategies for electrochemical energy storage and water purification by elucidating the correlations between material chemistry and electrochemical properties of MXenes.展开更多
To make full use of plant shellfibers(rice husk,walnut shell,chestnut shell),three kinds of wood-plastic com-posites of plant shellfibers and polyvinyl chloride(PVC)were prepared.X-ray diffraction analysis was carried o...To make full use of plant shellfibers(rice husk,walnut shell,chestnut shell),three kinds of wood-plastic com-posites of plant shellfibers and polyvinyl chloride(PVC)were prepared.X-ray diffraction analysis was carried out on three kinds of plant shellfibers to test their crystallinity.The aging process of the composites was conducted under 2 different conditions.One was artificial seawater immersion and xenon lamp irradiation,and the other one was deionized water spray and xenon lamp irradiation.The mechanical properties(tensile strength,flexural strength,impact strength),changes in color,water absorption,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and microstructures of the composites before and after the two aging experiments were analyzed.The results showed that the chestnut shell had the highest crystallinity,which was 42%.The chestnut shell/PVC composites had the strongest interface bonding,the least internal defects,and the best general mechanical properties among the three composites.Its tensile strength,bending strength and impact strength were 23.81 MPa,34.12 MPa,and 4.32 KJ·m^(-2),respectively.Comparing the two aging conditions,artificial seawater immersion and xenon lamp irradiation destroyed the quality of the combination of plant shellfibers and PVC,making the internal defects of the composites increase.This made the water absorption ability and changes in the color of the composites more obvious and led to a great decrease in the mechanical properties.The general mechanical properties of the chestnut shell/PVC composites were the best,but their water absorption ability changed more obviously.展开更多
Despite the promising potential of transition metal oxides(TMOs)as capacitive deionization(CDI)electrodes,the actual capacity of TMOs electrodes for sodium storage is significantly lower than the theoretical capacity,...Despite the promising potential of transition metal oxides(TMOs)as capacitive deionization(CDI)electrodes,the actual capacity of TMOs electrodes for sodium storage is significantly lower than the theoretical capacity,posing a major obstacle.Herein,we prepared the kinetically favorable Zn_(x)Ni_(1−x)O electrode in situ growth on carbon felt(Zn_(x)Ni_(1−x)O@CF)through constraining the rate of OH^(−)generation in the hydrothermal method.Zn_(x)Ni_(1−x)O@CF exhibited a high-density hierarchical nanosheet structure with three-dimensional open pores,benefitting the ion transport/electron transfer.And tuning the moderate amount of redox-inert Zn-doping can enhance surface electroactive sites,actual activity of redox-active Ni species,and lower adsorption energy,promoting the adsorption kinetic and thermodynamic of the Zn_(0.2)Ni_(0.8)O@CF.Benefitting from the kinetic-thermodynamic facilitation mechanism,Zn_(0.2)Ni_(0.8)O@CF achieved ultrahigh desalination capacity(128.9 mgNaCl g^(-1)),ultra-low energy consumption(0.164 kW h kgNaCl^(-1)),high salt removal rate(1.21 mgNaCl g^(-1) min^(-1)),and good cyclability.The thermodynamic facilitation and Na^(+)intercalation mechanism of Zn_(0.2)Ni_(0.8)O@CF are identified by the density functional theory calculations and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring,respectively.This research provides new insights into controlling electrochemically favorable morphology and demonstrates that Zn-doping,which is redox-inert,is essential for enhancing the electrochemical performance of CDI electrodes.展开更多
Electrode materials with high desalination capacity and long-term cyclic stability are the focus of capacitive deionization(CDI) community. Understanding the causes of performance decay in traditional carbons is cruci...Electrode materials with high desalination capacity and long-term cyclic stability are the focus of capacitive deionization(CDI) community. Understanding the causes of performance decay in traditional carbons is crucial to design a high-performance material. Based on this, here, nitrogen-doped activated carbon(NAC) was prepared by pyrolyzing the blend of activated carbon powder(ACP) and melamine for the positive electrode of asymmetric CDI. By comparing the indicators changes such as conductivity, salt adsorption capacity, pH, and charge efficiency of the symmetrical ACP-ACP device to the asymmetric ACP-NAC device under different CDI cycles, as well as the changes of the electrochemical properties of anode and cathode materials after long-term operation, the reasons for the decline of the stability of the CDI performance were revealed. It was found that the carboxyl functional groups generated by the electro-oxidation of anode carbon materials make the anode zero-charge potential(E_(pzc)) shift positively,which results in the uneven distribution of potential windows of CDI units and affects the adsorption capacity. Furthermore, by understanding the electron density on C atoms surrounding the N atoms, we attribute the increased cyclic stability to the enhanced negativity of the charge of carbon atoms adjacent to quaternary-N and pyridinic-oxide-N.展开更多
Fluoride is an important pollutant in wastewater,and adsorption is an effective way to remove fluoride.Because nitrogen plays an important role in adsorbent materials,computational models were developed to understand ...Fluoride is an important pollutant in wastewater,and adsorption is an effective way to remove fluoride.Because nitrogen plays an important role in adsorbent materials,computational models were developed to understand the changes in work function resulting from nitrogen doping.La-N-C-800℃,was prepared by pyrolyzing La-MOF-NH_(2)to verify the influence on the performance of removing fluoride by electrosorption.Material and electrochemical performance tests were performed to characterize La-N-C-800℃.Adsorption kinetics,adsorption thermodynamics,initial concentrations,pH,and ions competition were investigated using La-N-C-800℃for fluoride removal.In addition,density functional theory was applied to evaluate the function of nitrogen.When nitrogen atoms were added,the density of states,partial density of states,populations,and different orbits of charge were calculated to discover deep changes.Nitrogen strengthened the carbon structure and La_(2)O_(3)structure to remove fluoride.In addition,nitrogen can also act as an adsorption site in the carbon structure.These results provide design ideas for improving the performance of adsorbent materials by doping elements.展开更多
Flow-electrode capacitive deionization(FCDI)represents a promising approach for ion separation from aqueous solutions.However,the optimization of spacer,particularly for nitrate-contaminated groundwa-ter systems,has o...Flow-electrode capacitive deionization(FCDI)represents a promising approach for ion separation from aqueous solutions.However,the optimization of spacer,particularly for nitrate-contaminated groundwa-ter systems,has often been overlooked.This research comprehensively investigates the influence of using a conductive(carbon cloth,CC)spacer on nitrate removal performance within FCDI system,comparing it to a non-conductive(nylon net,NN)spacer.In both CC and NN FCDI systems,it is unsurprisingly that nitrate removal efficiency improved notably with the increasing current density and hydraulic retention time(HRT).Interestingly,the specific energy consumption(SEC)for nitrate removal did not show obvious fluctuations when the current density and HRT varied in both systems.Under the auspiciously optimized process parameters,CC-FCDI attained a 20%superior nitrate removal efficiency relative to NN-FCDI,ac-companied by a notably diminished SEC for CC-FCDI,registering at a mere 28%of NN-FCDI.This great improvement can be primarily attributed to the decrement in FCDI internal resistance after using con-ductive spacer,which further confirmed by electrochemical tests such as linear sweep voltammetry(LSV)and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).Upon prolonged continuous nitrate removal at the optimized conditions,the CC-FCDI system achieved a consistent 90%nitrate removal efficiency with a low SEC of 2.7-7.8 kWh/kg NO_(3)-N,underscoring its steady performance.Overall,this study highlights the pivotal importance of careful spacer design and optimization in realizing energy-efficient groundwater treatment via FCDI.展开更多
MXenes,novel 2D transition metal carbides,have emerged as wonderful nanomaterials and a superlative contestant for a host of applications.The tremendous characteristics of MXenes,i.e.,high surface area,high metallic c...MXenes,novel 2D transition metal carbides,have emerged as wonderful nanomaterials and a superlative contestant for a host of applications.The tremendous characteristics of MXenes,i.e.,high surface area,high metallic conductivity,ease of functionalization,biocompatibility,activated metallic hydroxide sites,and hydrophilicity,make them the best aspirant for applications in energy storage,catalysis,sensors,electronics,and environmental remediation.Due to their exceptional physicochemical properties and multifarious chemical compositions,MXenes have gained considerable attention for applications in water treatment and desalination in recent times.It is vital to understand the current status of MXene applications in desalination in order to define the roadmap for the development of MXene-based materials and endorse their practical applications in the future.This paper critically reviews the recent advancement in the synthesis of MXenes and MXene-based composites for applications in desalination.The desalination potential of MXenes is portrayed in detail with a focus on ion-sieving membranes,capacitive deionization,and solar desalination.The ion removal mechanism and regeneration ability of MXenes are also summarized to get insight into the process.The key challenges and issues associated with the synthesis and applications of MXenes and MXene-based composites in desalination are highlighted.Lastly,research directions are provided to guarantee the synthesis and applications of MXenes in a more effective way.This review may provide an insight into the applications of MXenes for water desalination in the future.展开更多
Chemical interferences （ionization and oxide/hydroxide formation） on the atomic absorbance signal of lithium in FAAS analysis of brine samples are elaborated in this article. It is suggested that inadequate or overa...Chemical interferences （ionization and oxide/hydroxide formation） on the atomic absorbance signal of lithium in FAAS analysis of brine samples are elaborated in this article. It is suggested that inadequate or overaddition of deionization buffers can lead to loss of sensitivities under particular operating conditions. In the analysis of brine samples, signal enhancing and oxide/hydroxide formation inducing signal reduction resulting from overaddition of deionization buffers can be seen with varying amounts of chemical buffers. Based on experimental results, the authors have arrived at the optimized operating conditions for the detection of lithium, under which both ionization and stable compound formation can be suppressed. This is a simplified and quick method with adequate accuracy and precision for the determination of lithium in routine brine samples from chemical plants or R＆D laboratories, which contain comparable amounts of lithium with some other components.展开更多
Chromium(Cr)is a common heavy metal that has severe impacts on the ecosystem and human health.Capacitive deionization(CDI)is an environment-friendly and energy-efficient electrochemical purification technology to remo...Chromium(Cr)is a common heavy metal that has severe impacts on the ecosystem and human health.Capacitive deionization(CDI)is an environment-friendly and energy-efficient electrochemical purification technology to remove Cr from polluted water.The performance of CDI systems relies primarily on the properties of electrodes.Carbon-nanotubes(CNTs)membranes are promising candidates in creating advanced CDI electrodes and processes.However,the low electrosorption capacity and high hydrophobicity of CNTs greatly impede their applications in water systems.In this study,we employ atomic layer deposition(ALD)to deposit TiO_(2) nanoparticulates on CNTs membranes for preparing electrodes with hydrophilicity.The TiO_(2)-deposited CNTs membranes display preferable electrosorption performance and reusability in CDI processes after only 20 ALD cycles deposition.The total Cr and Cr(VI)removal efficiencies are significantly improved to 92.1%and 93.3%,respectively.This work demonstrates that ALD is a highly controllable and simple method to produce advanced CDI electrodes,and broadens the application of metal oxide/carbon composites in the electrochemical processes.展开更多
Aqueous batteries and seawater desalination have received considerable attention in recent years due to their merits as high safety,environmental friendliness and cost-effectiveness.However,the scarcity of highly matc...Aqueous batteries and seawater desalination have received considerable attention in recent years due to their merits as high safety,environmental friendliness and cost-effectiveness.However,the scarcity of highly match electrode materials hinders their development.The exploration of high performance and low cost electrode materials is crucial for their potential applications.Bismuth(Bi),with high energy density and low redox potential,shows perspective in the field of aqueous batteries and seawater desalination,and significant progress has been achieved in the past decades.In this review,the unique properties and synthetic methods of Bi-based electrodes,as well as their applications are comprehensively summarized and discussed.The commonly used preparation methods of Bibased electrodes,including hydrothermal method,electrodeposition method,etc.,are introduced.Then,the applications of the Bi-based composites in aqueous batteries,such as Ni//Bi batteries and water desalination,are summarized.Finally,the challenges and future research direction of Bi-based materials are proposed.展开更多
Battery materials as emerging capacitive deionization electrodes for desalination have better salt removal capacities than traditional carbon-based materials.LiMn_(2)O_(4),a widely used cathode mate-rial,is difficult ...Battery materials as emerging capacitive deionization electrodes for desalination have better salt removal capacities than traditional carbon-based materials.LiMn_(2)O_(4),a widely used cathode mate-rial,is difficult to utilize as a deionization electrode due to its structural instability upon cycling and Mn dissolution in aqueous-based electrolytes.Herein,a facile and low-cost ball-milling routine was proposed to prepare a LiMn_(2)O_(4)material with highly exposed(111)facets.The prepared electrode exhibited relatively low dissolution of Mn during cycling,which shows its long cycle stability.In the hybrid capacitive deionization system,the LiMn_(2)O_(4)/C electrode delivered a high desalination capacity of 117.3 mg g^(−1) without obvious capacity decay at a voltage of 1.0 V with a 20 mM initial salt concentration.In addition,the exposed(111)facets significantly alleviated Mn ion dissolution,which also enhanced the structural steadiness.展开更多
Nitrogenization is an effective method for improving the capacitive deionization(CDI)performance of porous carbon materials.In particular,polymer organic frameworks with heteroatom doping,containing an ordered pore st...Nitrogenization is an effective method for improving the capacitive deionization(CDI)performance of porous carbon materials.In particular,polymer organic frameworks with heteroatom doping,containing an ordered pore structure and excellent electrochemical stability,are ideal precursors for carbon materials for high-performance CDI.In this study,a nitrogen-enriched micro-mesoporous carbon(NMC)electrode was fabricated by carbonizing a Schiff base network-1 at 500,600,and 700℃.Scanning electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,N_(2) adsorption-desorption,the contact angle of water,cyclic voltammetry,and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to characterize the morphological structure,wettability,Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface areas,and electrochemical performance of the NMCs.The results showed that the NMC carbonized at 600℃ achieved the best specific capacitance(152.33 F/g),as well as a high electrosorption capacity(25.53 mg/g)because of its chemical composition(15.57%N)and surface area(312 m^(2)/g).These findings prove that NMC is viable as an electrode material for desalination by high-performance CDI applications.展开更多
文摘The authors regret that in 1.2.Instruments section of the article,when describing the principle of TiH300,the original content of“Briefly,ambient HONO was first absorbed by deionized water in a two-channel stripping coil.The absorbed liquid nitrite was mixed with sulfanilamide,N-(1-naphthyl)-ethylenediamine dihydrochloride,and hydrogen chloride solution to form the azo dye derivative.”
文摘The authors regret to report some missing information in the synthetic reagents and associated changes of the paper.On page 511,the author information reads:“5.0 mmol of citric acid(C_(6)H_(8)O_(7)),5.0 mmol of ferric chloride hexahydrate(FeCl_(3)·6H_(2)O),and 10.0 mmol of o-phenylenediamine(C_(6)H_(8)N_(2))were combined with 40 mL of deionized water and magnetically stirred until fully dissolved.”
基金supported by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20230808105111022,JCYJ20220818095806013)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong(2023A1515012267)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22178223)the Royal Society/NSFC cost share program(IEC\NSFC\223372).
文摘Low-electrode capacitive deionization(FCDI)is an emerging desalination technology with great potential for removal and/or recycling ions from a range of waters.However,it still suffers from inefficient charge transfer and ion transport kinetics due to weak turbulence and low electric intensity in flow electrodes,both restricted by the current collectors.Herein,a new tip-array current collector(designated as T-CC)was developed to replace the conventional planar current collectors,which intensifies both the charge transfer and ion transport significantly.The effects of tip arrays on flow and electric fields were studied by both computational simulations and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,which revealed the reduction of ion transport barrier,charge transport barrier and internal resistance.With the voltage increased from 1.0 to 1.5 and 2.0 V,the T-CC-based FCDI system(T-FCDI)exhibited average salt removal rates(ASRR)of 0.18,0.50,and 0.89μmol cm^(-2) min^(-1),respectively,which are 1.82,2.65,and 2.48 folds higher than that of the conventional serpentine current collectors,and 1.48,1.67,and 1.49 folds higher than that of the planar current collectors.Meanwhile,with the solid content in flow electrodes increased from 1 to 5 wt%,the ASRR for T-FCDI increased from 0.29 to 0.50μmol cm^(-2) min^(-1),which are 1.70 and 1.67 folds higher than that of the planar current collectors.Additionally,a salt removal efficiency of 99.89%was achieved with T-FCDI and the charge efficiency remained above 95%after 24 h of operation,thus showing its superior long-term stability.
基金financially supported by the Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52121004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52374423)+1 种基金the Major Science and Technology Programs of Yunnan Province(202302AB080016)the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Youth Fund(2024JJ6726)。
文摘The capacitive deionization(CDI)performance of silver(Ag)electrodes is limited by electrochemical failure induced by volumetric expansion.While carbon encapsulation and Ag size control mitigate stress concentration and pulverization,achieving precise size control,suppression of aggregation,and uniform dispersion of Ag nanoparticles remains challenging.Herein,the metal-organic frameworks(MOF)-assisted pyrolysis-galvanic replacement method was employed to construct ultrafine Ag particles uniformly anchored within a three-dimensional(3D)-ordered porous carbon skeleton composite(3D Ag@NC).By utilizing the potential difference between the elements,spontaneous replacement reactions occur,effectively preventing particle agglomeration usually caused by high-temperature reduction.The in situ constructed 3D porous carbon skeleton not only promotes electron transfer and electrolyte penetration but also mitigates the volume expansion of Ag particles during electrochemical cycling.Consequently,3D Ag@NC demonstrates outstanding dechlorination performance(105.29 mg g^(-1)),high charge efficiency(0.95),and exceptional cycling stability(84.12% after 100 cycles).This galvanic replacement strategy offers valuable insights into the fabrication of other small-sized,highly dispersed metal electrode materials.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2023YFC3009900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61904116)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant Nos.BK20211029)the young scientific talent lifting project of Jiangsu Association for Science and Technology(Grant Nos.JSTJ-2023-018).
文摘Hybrid capacitive deionization(HCDI)shows promise for desalinating brackish and saline water by utilizing the pseudocapacitive properties of faradaic electrodes.Organic materials,with their low environmental impact and adaptable structures,are attractive for this application.However,their scarcity of active sites and tendency to dissolve in water-based solutions remain significant challenges.Herein,we synthesized a polynaphthalenequinoneimine(PCON)polymer with stable long-range ordered framework and rough three-dimensional floral surface morphology,along with high-density active sites provided by C=O and C=N functional groups,enabling efficient redox reactions and achieving a high Na^(+)capture capability.The synthesized PCON polymer showcases outstanding electroadsorption characteristics and notable structural robustness,attaining an impressive specific capacitance of 500.45 F g^(-1) at 1 A g^(-1) and maintaining 86.1%of its original capacitance following 5000 charge–discharge cycles.Benefiting from the superior pseudocapacitive properties of the PCON polymer,we have developed an HCDI system that not only exhibits exceptional salt removal capacity of 100.8 mg g^(-1) and a remarkable rapid average removal rate of 3.36 mg g^(-1) min-1 but also maintains 97%of its initial desalination capacity after 50 cycles,thereby distinguishing itself in the field of state-ofthe-art desalination technologies with its comprehensive performance that significantly surpasses reported organic capacitive deionization materials.Prospectively,the synthesis paradigm of the double active-sites PCON polymer may be extrapolated to other organic electrodes,heralding new avenues for the design of high-performance desalination systems.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52374286 and 52274279)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFC2902604)。
文摘High-salinity wastewater treatment has always been a challenging issue.In this study,coal tar pitch was used as the carbon source and melamine as the nitrogen source to prepare coal tar pitch-based nanosheets(CPN-9)using a salt-template method.The desalination performance of CPN-9 was evaluated using flow-electrode capacitive deionization technology.The results showed that CPN-9 has a high specific surface area(466.34 m^(2)/g),a rich pore structure(micro-/meso-pore volume was 0.28),excellent rheological properties,and hydrophilicity(contact angle of 20.44°),thereby accelerating ion transport.Electrochemical results indicated that CPN-9 exhibits a significant double-layer ion storage mechanism,with a specific capacitance of 176.66 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g.CPN-9 has a very low charge transfer resistance.The synergistic effect of aromatic carbon and nitrogen doping(the content of pyrrole and pyridine nitrogen was 36.40%and 35.83%,respectively)in coal tar pitch accelerates electron transfer in CPN-9.The good ion diffusion performance and low impedance of CPN-9 accelerate the ion exchange rate,resulting in outstanding desalination performance.At 1.2 V and 3%mass loading,with a CPN-9 to conductive carbon black ratio of 4:1,the average desalination rate,charge efficiency,and energy consumption reached 0.039 mg/(cm^(2)·min),48.47%,and 0.012 kWh/mol,respectively.In summary,this study optimized the structure of CPN-9 from the perspective of electronic and ionic transport,enhancing its desalination performance and providing theoretical support for the deionization of high-salinity wastewater.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(No.21606191)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2020ME024).
文摘As a new electrochemical technology,capacitive deionization(CDI)has been increasingly applied in environmental water treatment and seawater desalination.In this study,functional groups modified porous hollow carbon(HC)were synthesized as CDI electrode material for removing Na^(+)and Cl^(−)in salty water.Results showed that the average diameter of HC was approximately 180 nm,and the infrared spectrum showed that its surface was successfully modified with sulfonic and amino groups,respectively.The sulfonic acid functionalized HC(HC-S)showed better electrochemical and desalting performance than the amino-functionalized HC(HC–N),with a maximum Faradic capacity of 287.4 F/g and an adsorptive capacity of 112.97 mg/g for NaCl.Additionally,92.63%capacity retention after 100 adsorption/desorption cycles demonstrates the excellent stability of HC-S.The main findings prove that HC-S is viable as an electrodematerial for desalination by high-performance CDI applications.
基金financially supported by research grants from the Natural Science Foundation of China(52173235,22265010,12204071,62074022)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3803300)+2 种基金Youth Talent Support Program of Chongqing(CQYC2021059206)Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund(ZDYF2024SHFZ038)Science and Technology Innovation and Improving Project of Army Medical University(No.2021XJS24)。
文摘Solar-driven interface evaporation with high solar-to-steam conversion efficiency has shown great potential in seawater desalination.However,due to the influence of latent heat and condensation efficiency,the water yield from solar-driven interface evaporation remains insufficient,posing a significant challenge that requires resolution.In this work,we designed a dual-mode high-flux seawater desalination device that combines solar-driven interface evaporation and capacitive desalination.By utilizing coupled desalination materials exhibiting both photothermal conversion and capacitance activity,the device demonstrated photothermal evaporation rates of 1.41 and 0.97 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)for condensate water yield under one-sun irradiation.Additionally,the device exhibited a salt adsorption capacity of up to48 mg g^(-1)and a salt adsorption rate of 2.1 mg g^(-1)min-1.In addition,the salt adsorption capacity increased by approximately 32%under one-sun irradiation.Furthermore,photo-enhanced capacitive desalination performance was explored through numerical simulations and theoretical calculations.Theoretical calculations and characterizations confirmed that the defect energy levels formed by the introduction of sulfur vacancies can effectively widen the light absorption range,improve photothermal conversion performance,and stimulate more photoelectrons to participate in capacitive desalination.Concurrently,the electron distribution state of molybdenum disulfide with sulfur vacancies and surface defect sites contributes to ion/electron transport at the solid-liquid interface.This work provides a novel pathway for integrating solar vapor generation with other low-energy desalination technologies.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF),funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(Grant No.RS-2023-00217581),Republic of Korea。
文摘Hybrid electrochemical devices(HEDs),which consist of one faradaic electrode and the other capacitive electrode,are considered as promising technologies owing to their high ion storage capacity,excellent rate performance,and long cyclability.In particular,MXenes have been extensively investigated as faradaic electrodes of HEDs owing to their fast electron and ion transport capabilities and diverse and tunable surface modifications.Herein,we provide a comprehensive review on the design strategies for enhancing the electrochemical performances of MXenes in HEDs,focusing on interlayer engineering,surface modification,and hybrid formation.We also summarize the recent advancement in the use of MXenes in metal-ion hybrid capacitors and hybrid capacitive deionization.Lastly,we address the current challenges for the practical application of MXene-based hybrid devices and offer our perspectives for future research directions.This review aims to provide insights into innovative MXene design strategies for electrochemical energy storage and water purification by elucidating the correlations between material chemistry and electrochemical properties of MXenes.
基金This study was supported by the financial support of Natural Science Research Projects in Higher Education Institutions in Jiangsu Province(No.18KJD430002).
文摘To make full use of plant shellfibers(rice husk,walnut shell,chestnut shell),three kinds of wood-plastic com-posites of plant shellfibers and polyvinyl chloride(PVC)were prepared.X-ray diffraction analysis was carried out on three kinds of plant shellfibers to test their crystallinity.The aging process of the composites was conducted under 2 different conditions.One was artificial seawater immersion and xenon lamp irradiation,and the other one was deionized water spray and xenon lamp irradiation.The mechanical properties(tensile strength,flexural strength,impact strength),changes in color,water absorption,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and microstructures of the composites before and after the two aging experiments were analyzed.The results showed that the chestnut shell had the highest crystallinity,which was 42%.The chestnut shell/PVC composites had the strongest interface bonding,the least internal defects,and the best general mechanical properties among the three composites.Its tensile strength,bending strength and impact strength were 23.81 MPa,34.12 MPa,and 4.32 KJ·m^(-2),respectively.Comparing the two aging conditions,artificial seawater immersion and xenon lamp irradiation destroyed the quality of the combination of plant shellfibers and PVC,making the internal defects of the composites increase.This made the water absorption ability and changes in the color of the composites more obvious and led to a great decrease in the mechanical properties.The general mechanical properties of the chestnut shell/PVC composites were the best,but their water absorption ability changed more obviously.
基金supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China(22276137,52170087)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(XJEDU2023Z009).
文摘Despite the promising potential of transition metal oxides(TMOs)as capacitive deionization(CDI)electrodes,the actual capacity of TMOs electrodes for sodium storage is significantly lower than the theoretical capacity,posing a major obstacle.Herein,we prepared the kinetically favorable Zn_(x)Ni_(1−x)O electrode in situ growth on carbon felt(Zn_(x)Ni_(1−x)O@CF)through constraining the rate of OH^(−)generation in the hydrothermal method.Zn_(x)Ni_(1−x)O@CF exhibited a high-density hierarchical nanosheet structure with three-dimensional open pores,benefitting the ion transport/electron transfer.And tuning the moderate amount of redox-inert Zn-doping can enhance surface electroactive sites,actual activity of redox-active Ni species,and lower adsorption energy,promoting the adsorption kinetic and thermodynamic of the Zn_(0.2)Ni_(0.8)O@CF.Benefitting from the kinetic-thermodynamic facilitation mechanism,Zn_(0.2)Ni_(0.8)O@CF achieved ultrahigh desalination capacity(128.9 mgNaCl g^(-1)),ultra-low energy consumption(0.164 kW h kgNaCl^(-1)),high salt removal rate(1.21 mgNaCl g^(-1) min^(-1)),and good cyclability.The thermodynamic facilitation and Na^(+)intercalation mechanism of Zn_(0.2)Ni_(0.8)O@CF are identified by the density functional theory calculations and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring,respectively.This research provides new insights into controlling electrochemically favorable morphology and demonstrates that Zn-doping,which is redox-inert,is essential for enhancing the electrochemical performance of CDI electrodes.
文摘Electrode materials with high desalination capacity and long-term cyclic stability are the focus of capacitive deionization(CDI) community. Understanding the causes of performance decay in traditional carbons is crucial to design a high-performance material. Based on this, here, nitrogen-doped activated carbon(NAC) was prepared by pyrolyzing the blend of activated carbon powder(ACP) and melamine for the positive electrode of asymmetric CDI. By comparing the indicators changes such as conductivity, salt adsorption capacity, pH, and charge efficiency of the symmetrical ACP-ACP device to the asymmetric ACP-NAC device under different CDI cycles, as well as the changes of the electrochemical properties of anode and cathode materials after long-term operation, the reasons for the decline of the stability of the CDI performance were revealed. It was found that the carboxyl functional groups generated by the electro-oxidation of anode carbon materials make the anode zero-charge potential(E_(pzc)) shift positively,which results in the uneven distribution of potential windows of CDI units and affects the adsorption capacity. Furthermore, by understanding the electron density on C atoms surrounding the N atoms, we attribute the increased cyclic stability to the enhanced negativity of the charge of carbon atoms adjacent to quaternary-N and pyridinic-oxide-N.
基金supported by the Jointly funded project of Guangzhou City School (College)of Guangzhou Basic Research Program (No.202201020205)the Talent Cultivation Program of Guangzhou University (Nos.RP2021014 and YJ2021005)+6 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (No.2021A1515110899)the Youth Innovative Talents Project of Guangdong Province (No.2021KQNCX062)the Basic and Applied Basic Research in Guangzhou (Nos.202201010001 and 201707010256)the Guangzhou University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Joint Research Cooperation Fund (No.YH202102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51778156)the Pearl River S&T Nova Program of Guangzhou (No.201806010191)the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation (No.2022A1515010441)。
文摘Fluoride is an important pollutant in wastewater,and adsorption is an effective way to remove fluoride.Because nitrogen plays an important role in adsorbent materials,computational models were developed to understand the changes in work function resulting from nitrogen doping.La-N-C-800℃,was prepared by pyrolyzing La-MOF-NH_(2)to verify the influence on the performance of removing fluoride by electrosorption.Material and electrochemical performance tests were performed to characterize La-N-C-800℃.Adsorption kinetics,adsorption thermodynamics,initial concentrations,pH,and ions competition were investigated using La-N-C-800℃for fluoride removal.In addition,density functional theory was applied to evaluate the function of nitrogen.When nitrogen atoms were added,the density of states,partial density of states,populations,and different orbits of charge were calculated to discover deep changes.Nitrogen strengthened the carbon structure and La_(2)O_(3)structure to remove fluoride.In addition,nitrogen can also act as an adsorption site in the carbon structure.These results provide design ideas for improving the performance of adsorbent materials by doping elements.
基金supported by Shanxi Province Basic Research Program(Free Exploration Category)(No.202203021221041)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52300016)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M733379)Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Foundation of USTC(No.CY2022G12).
文摘Flow-electrode capacitive deionization(FCDI)represents a promising approach for ion separation from aqueous solutions.However,the optimization of spacer,particularly for nitrate-contaminated groundwa-ter systems,has often been overlooked.This research comprehensively investigates the influence of using a conductive(carbon cloth,CC)spacer on nitrate removal performance within FCDI system,comparing it to a non-conductive(nylon net,NN)spacer.In both CC and NN FCDI systems,it is unsurprisingly that nitrate removal efficiency improved notably with the increasing current density and hydraulic retention time(HRT).Interestingly,the specific energy consumption(SEC)for nitrate removal did not show obvious fluctuations when the current density and HRT varied in both systems.Under the auspiciously optimized process parameters,CC-FCDI attained a 20%superior nitrate removal efficiency relative to NN-FCDI,ac-companied by a notably diminished SEC for CC-FCDI,registering at a mere 28%of NN-FCDI.This great improvement can be primarily attributed to the decrement in FCDI internal resistance after using con-ductive spacer,which further confirmed by electrochemical tests such as linear sweep voltammetry(LSV)and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).Upon prolonged continuous nitrate removal at the optimized conditions,the CC-FCDI system achieved a consistent 90%nitrate removal efficiency with a low SEC of 2.7-7.8 kWh/kg NO_(3)-N,underscoring its steady performance.Overall,this study highlights the pivotal importance of careful spacer design and optimization in realizing energy-efficient groundwater treatment via FCDI.
基金King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals(KFUPM)Saudi Arabia.The author would also like to acknowledge the support of the Center for Environment and Water(CEW),Research Institute,at KFUPM.
文摘MXenes,novel 2D transition metal carbides,have emerged as wonderful nanomaterials and a superlative contestant for a host of applications.The tremendous characteristics of MXenes,i.e.,high surface area,high metallic conductivity,ease of functionalization,biocompatibility,activated metallic hydroxide sites,and hydrophilicity,make them the best aspirant for applications in energy storage,catalysis,sensors,electronics,and environmental remediation.Due to their exceptional physicochemical properties and multifarious chemical compositions,MXenes have gained considerable attention for applications in water treatment and desalination in recent times.It is vital to understand the current status of MXene applications in desalination in order to define the roadmap for the development of MXene-based materials and endorse their practical applications in the future.This paper critically reviews the recent advancement in the synthesis of MXenes and MXene-based composites for applications in desalination.The desalination potential of MXenes is portrayed in detail with a focus on ion-sieving membranes,capacitive deionization,and solar desalination.The ion removal mechanism and regeneration ability of MXenes are also summarized to get insight into the process.The key challenges and issues associated with the synthesis and applications of MXenes and MXene-based composites in desalination are highlighted.Lastly,research directions are provided to guarantee the synthesis and applications of MXenes in a more effective way.This review may provide an insight into the applications of MXenes for water desalination in the future.
文摘Chemical interferences （ionization and oxide/hydroxide formation） on the atomic absorbance signal of lithium in FAAS analysis of brine samples are elaborated in this article. It is suggested that inadequate or overaddition of deionization buffers can lead to loss of sensitivities under particular operating conditions. In the analysis of brine samples, signal enhancing and oxide/hydroxide formation inducing signal reduction resulting from overaddition of deionization buffers can be seen with varying amounts of chemical buffers. Based on experimental results, the authors have arrived at the optimized operating conditions for the detection of lithium, under which both ionization and stable compound formation can be suppressed. This is a simplified and quick method with adequate accuracy and precision for the determination of lithium in routine brine samples from chemical plants or R＆D laboratories, which contain comparable amounts of lithium with some other components.
基金Financial supports from the Jiangsu Natural Science Foundation(BK20190677)National Natural Science Foundation of China(21908096)+2 种基金Scientific Research Foundation of Chuzhou University(2020qd06)support from the Program of Excellent Innovation Teams of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutionsthe Project of Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)。
文摘Chromium(Cr)is a common heavy metal that has severe impacts on the ecosystem and human health.Capacitive deionization(CDI)is an environment-friendly and energy-efficient electrochemical purification technology to remove Cr from polluted water.The performance of CDI systems relies primarily on the properties of electrodes.Carbon-nanotubes(CNTs)membranes are promising candidates in creating advanced CDI electrodes and processes.However,the low electrosorption capacity and high hydrophobicity of CNTs greatly impede their applications in water systems.In this study,we employ atomic layer deposition(ALD)to deposit TiO_(2) nanoparticulates on CNTs membranes for preparing electrodes with hydrophilicity.The TiO_(2)-deposited CNTs membranes display preferable electrosorption performance and reusability in CDI processes after only 20 ALD cycles deposition.The total Cr and Cr(VI)removal efficiencies are significantly improved to 92.1%and 93.3%,respectively.This work demonstrates that ALD is a highly controllable and simple method to produce advanced CDI electrodes,and broadens the application of metal oxide/carbon composites in the electrochemical processes.
基金This study was financially supported by the Leading Innovative and Entrepreneur Team Introduction Program of Zhejiang(No.2020R01002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51972286,21905246 and 22005268)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Nos.LR19E020003,LZ21E020003,LQ21E020004 and LQ20B010011)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial Universities of Zhejiang(No.RF-B-2020004).
文摘Aqueous batteries and seawater desalination have received considerable attention in recent years due to their merits as high safety,environmental friendliness and cost-effectiveness.However,the scarcity of highly match electrode materials hinders their development.The exploration of high performance and low cost electrode materials is crucial for their potential applications.Bismuth(Bi),with high energy density and low redox potential,shows perspective in the field of aqueous batteries and seawater desalination,and significant progress has been achieved in the past decades.In this review,the unique properties and synthetic methods of Bi-based electrodes,as well as their applications are comprehensively summarized and discussed.The commonly used preparation methods of Bibased electrodes,including hydrothermal method,electrodeposition method,etc.,are introduced.Then,the applications of the Bi-based composites in aqueous batteries,such as Ni//Bi batteries and water desalination,are summarized.Finally,the challenges and future research direction of Bi-based materials are proposed.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFC1909200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52104315).
文摘Battery materials as emerging capacitive deionization electrodes for desalination have better salt removal capacities than traditional carbon-based materials.LiMn_(2)O_(4),a widely used cathode mate-rial,is difficult to utilize as a deionization electrode due to its structural instability upon cycling and Mn dissolution in aqueous-based electrolytes.Herein,a facile and low-cost ball-milling routine was proposed to prepare a LiMn_(2)O_(4)material with highly exposed(111)facets.The prepared electrode exhibited relatively low dissolution of Mn during cycling,which shows its long cycle stability.In the hybrid capacitive deionization system,the LiMn_(2)O_(4)/C electrode delivered a high desalination capacity of 117.3 mg g^(−1) without obvious capacity decay at a voltage of 1.0 V with a 20 mM initial salt concentration.In addition,the exposed(111)facets significantly alleviated Mn ion dissolution,which also enhanced the structural steadiness.
基金supported by the Local Innovative and Research Teams Project of Guangdong Pearl River Talents Program(No.2017BT01Z032)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21577027)the 2017 Central Special Fund for Soil,Preliminary Study on Harmless Treatment and Comprehensive Utilization of Tailings in Dabao Mountain(No.18HK0108)。
文摘Nitrogenization is an effective method for improving the capacitive deionization(CDI)performance of porous carbon materials.In particular,polymer organic frameworks with heteroatom doping,containing an ordered pore structure and excellent electrochemical stability,are ideal precursors for carbon materials for high-performance CDI.In this study,a nitrogen-enriched micro-mesoporous carbon(NMC)electrode was fabricated by carbonizing a Schiff base network-1 at 500,600,and 700℃.Scanning electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,N_(2) adsorption-desorption,the contact angle of water,cyclic voltammetry,and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to characterize the morphological structure,wettability,Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface areas,and electrochemical performance of the NMCs.The results showed that the NMC carbonized at 600℃ achieved the best specific capacitance(152.33 F/g),as well as a high electrosorption capacity(25.53 mg/g)because of its chemical composition(15.57%N)and surface area(312 m^(2)/g).These findings prove that NMC is viable as an electrode material for desalination by high-performance CDI applications.
