National parks as protected areas have been on the spotlight because they are essential in achieving ecological civilization in China.Despite the profound achievements of national parks to conserve nature,the benefits...National parks as protected areas have been on the spotlight because they are essential in achieving ecological civilization in China.Despite the profound achievements of national parks to conserve nature,the benefits of national parks for local residents remain lacking.Under the theory of harmonious coexistence between human and nature,this study focused on the development of local people’s livelihood in Qinghai’s national parks.We systematically explored the establishment of the national parks in Qinghai Province,analyzed the current prob-lems,and provided the main measures for developing people’s livelihood in protected areas in Qinghai.This study put forward the viewpoint that national parks should set a long-term goal,and gradually advance based on the environmental conditions and appropriately prioritize the improvement of local people’s wellbeing in the future.展开更多
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aim to ensure environmental sustainability is enhanced focusing on the future generation. Knowledge of the SDGs becomes pivotal in biodiversity conservation thus, a gap impacts suc...Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aim to ensure environmental sustainability is enhanced focusing on the future generation. Knowledge of the SDGs becomes pivotal in biodiversity conservation thus, a gap impacts such efforts on protecting and preserving biodiversity habits difficult. Nairobi City was chosen because of her unique ecosystem that habits wildlife and urban life with great prospects of being East Africa’s business hub. With an estimated double city population by 2030, knowledge of SDGs would be useful in enhancing biodiversity conservation in unique cities like Nairobi. Thus, a gap in the knowledge of SDGs threatens the future of biodiversity unless it is mitigated. The study employed a cross-sectional design that caters to qualitative and quantitative data. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires and key informant interviews. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model was adopted to evaluate how determinants of human perceptions, decisions, and activities related to implementing sustainable development goals impact biodiversity conservation. Results indicate that respondents’ knowledge (30.5% ± 2.01%), attitudes (30.4% ± 1.56%), and practice (26.3% ± 0.08%) on implementation of SDGs was significantly low. Further, a majority believed that lack of awareness of SDGs 87% impacts biodiversity conservation, coupled with 12% and 1%, respectively, who opined that limited SDGs knowledge sharing and corruption were barriers to biodiversity conservation. The majority of respondents believed that increased awareness of SDGs (78.2% ± 2.61%), and strengthened institutional capacity (58.7% ± 3.01%) underscores SDGs’ importance in biodiversity conservation. Knowledge of SDGs is pivotal in the enhancement of biodiversity conservation.展开更多
Tropical forests provide some of the richest biodiversity amid and adjacent to the world’s poorest people as they lose access to resources when forests are designated for strict preservation.Integrated Conservation D...Tropical forests provide some of the richest biodiversity amid and adjacent to the world’s poorest people as they lose access to resources when forests are designated for strict preservation.Integrated Conservation Development Projects(ICDPs)aimed at conservation and compensated communities adjacent to conserved resources through revenue sharing from the resultant economic activities.However,Community-Based Natural Resource Management(CBNRM)approaches seek to reconcile biodiversity conservation with community livelihoods strategies to reduce poverty.Nkuringo Conservation and Community Development Foundation on the Southern Fringes of Bwindi National Park in Kisoro District adopted the Community-Based Natural Resource Management model where communities benefit both financially and socially from conservation.The model provides a“win-win”situation where both human beings and wildlife benefit.The objective of this paper is to profile Nkuringo Conservation and Community Development Foundation(NCCDF)adoption of the model by analyzing the model,actors involved,the legal framework,benefits accrued,challenges,and strategies to ameliorate them.The paper adopted a case study research design and collected both qualitative and quantitative data using desk top research methods,observation,oral interviews,and focus group discussions(FGDs).The communities of Nteko and Rubuguri parishes participate in the project which has conserved the mountain gorillas and forests for tourism and diversified community livelihood through tourism,sale of handcrafts,an eco-lodge(Clouds Lodge)and commercial agriculture which contribute to poverty reduction.展开更多
In recent years, with the rapid development of the tourist industry, world heritage sites become more and more popular among tourists from home and abroad. Therefore, heritage tourism has become a new hotspot. However...In recent years, with the rapid development of the tourist industry, world heritage sites become more and more popular among tourists from home and abroad. Therefore, heritage tourism has become a new hotspot. However, while world heri- tage sites are making obvious economic benefit from tourism, they also bring various problems and contradictions, of which the most troublesome one is the contradiction between heritage con- servation and tourism development. To discuss and analyze the root and the essence of the above contradiction and find a way to bring about harmony between them is an important program faced by our national heritage management practice and academic re- search. Based on the case of cleaning the Temple and Cemetery of Confucius and the Kong Family Mansion in Qufu, this paper ana- lyzes the reasons why our national world cultural heritage sites bring about the above contradiction in the process of tourism development and points out that the improper system and stake- holders’ benefit imbroglio are respectively the root and the es- sence of the contraction. Then, it also puts forward corresponding solutions.展开更多
Recent biodiversity research in the Western Amazon has emphasized the linkages among road construction, deforestation and loss of indigenous lands. Many observers have concluded that hydrocarbon production inevitably ...Recent biodiversity research in the Western Amazon has emphasized the linkages among road construction, deforestation and loss of indigenous lands. Many observers have concluded that hydrocarbon production inevitably means destruction of forests and expropriation of native territory. Yet evidence from the eastern lowlands of Ecuador (known as the Oriente) shows that oil can be developed without roads or harmful impacts. The Oriente also provides another contrasting case: in areas where no oil was discovered, the government often built roads to support its agricultural colonization efforts. In these areas, a great deal of deforestation and indigenous displacement occurred. Such evidence suggests that a different set of agrarian and environmental policies might permit oil activity without loss of rain forest or indigenous territory.展开更多
Deforestation is a phenomenon that forms part of environmental degradation. The fact that deforestation is both a source and contributor to global warming, as it reduces the carbon sinks, cannot be contested [1]. A ca...Deforestation is a phenomenon that forms part of environmental degradation. The fact that deforestation is both a source and contributor to global warming, as it reduces the carbon sinks, cannot be contested [1]. A case study research was carried out in Songea Tanzania aimed at establishing whether there was differential participation of people of different demographic characteristics in those activities that lead into tree cover decline. The study revealed that people of different age group and, sex categories played different roles in activities that lead to deforestation such as felling trees for firewood and felling trees for establishing and/or for expanding farms. It was observed that age group and sex categories influenced one’s involvement or participation in deforestation thus contributing differently by both activity and degree of forest cover reduction. This literally means that people of different demographic characteristics of age and sex contributed differently to the ailing deforestation process. From this end, it is logical and implicit arguing that the identification of actors in deforestation-related activities confirms the disaggregated manner by which population acts on the environment. Development of blanket conservation packages that are not focused on age group and sex categories of members the population in question remains too general and in-effective. To be precise, the planning and implementation of effective conservation initiatives has to take into account demographic characteristics of the population in question. The observed reality is that the population engages with the environment not as a unit but in its disaggregated manner, i.e. based on its demographic sub-categories [2]. The theory behind a successful conservation initiative is based on unveiling the mechanism by which population acts when resulting to deforestation.展开更多
Gabon,located on the west coast of Central Africa,is one of the most forested countries.This small but richly biodiverse country is covered by rainforests,which make up approximately 85%of its land area.These forests ...Gabon,located on the west coast of Central Africa,is one of the most forested countries.This small but richly biodiverse country is covered by rainforests,which make up approximately 85%of its land area.These forests are home to a wide variety of wildlife,including elephants and numerous bird species,making Gabon a crucial area for conservation efforts.展开更多
The Three Gorges Project,the largest water conservation initiative globally,is located within the Three Gorges Reservoir Area(TGRA),a critical zone for water conservation and ecological protection.There is an urgent n...The Three Gorges Project,the largest water conservation initiative globally,is located within the Three Gorges Reservoir Area(TGRA),a critical zone for water conservation and ecological protection.There is an urgent need to better understand and protect the evolving water conservation functions of the TGRA,alongside identifying the driving mechanisms within its ecological barrier re-gion.This paper explores the spatial and temporal evolution of water conservation function in the TGRA from 1990 to 2020 and its fu-ture trends under different development scenarios from 2020 to 2030.Key driving factors influencing the water conservation function are identified,and a comprehensive development scenario is proposed.The findings indicate a general upward trend in the water conser-vation function of the TGRA,characterized by an initial increase,a subsequent decline,and a final recovery.Moreover,land use changes are found to be the primary factor driving these variations,followed by climatic factors such as precipitation.Under various de-velopment scenarios,the prioritization of water conservation outcomes is ranked as follows:ecological protection>cropland protec-tion>natural development>urban development.The results of this study offer valuable insights for balancing economic development with ecological preservation.展开更多
By analyzing the cases in Taishan Mountain, Shandong Province and other tourist sites in China, this paper pointed out the problems in tourism management, such as resources damage, environment pollution, which are the...By analyzing the cases in Taishan Mountain, Shandong Province and other tourist sites in China, this paper pointed out the problems in tourism management, such as resources damage, environment pollution, which are the result of tourism development, and are obstacles to the development. The paper also gave suggestion and practical ways to preserve tourism resources and environment.展开更多
Yunnan is the most both biodiverse region in China. An existing project of People, Land Management and Environmental Change of United Nations University aims to document the status of agrodiversity as a basis for meet...Yunnan is the most both biodiverse region in China. An existing project of People, Land Management and Environmental Change of United Nations University aims to document the status of agrodiversity as a basis for meeting local needs, using Xishuangbanna and Baoshan as case studies. Studies reveal that a rich agrodiversity at levels of crop species and varieties, plant species in agricultural fields and diversified ecosystems have been developed and conserved through agricultural systems by small farmers. Social-economic influences on agrobiodiversity are quite complex, but land tenure, household income and farmer association have played an important role in management of agrodiversity.展开更多
With economy development,human destruction of eco-environment is deteriorating,which has become a key treatment nationwide.What＇s more,eco-environment construction is proceeding and multi-eco-environment projects are...With economy development,human destruction of eco-environment is deteriorating,which has become a key treatment nationwide.What＇s more,eco-environment construction is proceeding and multi-eco-environment projects are developing.Water and soil conservation and eco-environment construction should be a strategic task long-term insisted on,which is a part of agricultural construction.The research analyzed the relationship between water and soil conservation with eco-environment,concluded the process of ecological civilization construction in promoting water and soil conservation,and proposed countermeasures,laying foundation for water and soil conservation and ecological construction.展开更多
Diverse conservation efforts have been expanding around the globe, even under the stress of increasing agricultural production. A striking example is the supply-chain agreements put upon the Amazon forest which had re...Diverse conservation efforts have been expanding around the globe, even under the stress of increasing agricultural production. A striking example is the supply-chain agreements put upon the Amazon forest which had reduced deforestation by 80% from the early 2000s （27,772 km2） to 2015 （6207 km2）. However, evaluation of these conservation efforts usually focused on the impacts within the Amazon biome only, while the effects that spill over to other areas （e.g., displacement of environmental pressure from one area to another） were rarely considered. Ignoring spillover effects may lead to biased or even wrong conclusions about the effectiveness of these conservation efforts because the hidden cost outside the target area of conservation may offset the achievement within it. It is thus impor- tant to assess the spillover effects of these supply-chain agreements. In this study, we used the two supply-chain agreements （i.e., Soy Moratorium and zero-deforestation beef agree- ment） implemented in the Amazon biome as examples and evaluated their spillover effects to the Cerrado. To achieve a holistic evaluation of the spillover effects, we adopted the telecou- piing framework in our analysis. The application of the telecoupling framework includes the interactions between distant systems and extends the analytical boundaries beyond the sig- natory areas, which fill the gap of previous studies. Our results indicate that the supply-chain agreements have significantly reduced deforestation by half compared to projections within the sending system （i.e., Para State in the Amazon, which exports soybeans and other agricultural products）, but at the cost of increasing deforestation in the spillover system （i.e., a 6.6 time increase in Tocantins State of the Cerrado, where deforestation was affected by interactions between the Amazon and other places）. Our study emphasizes that spillover effects should be considered in the evaluation and planning of conservation efforts, for which the telecoupling framework works as a useful tool to do that systematically.展开更多
Ecological Civilization Construction and natural conservatiorl and sustain- able resources use are three aspects of same object proposed from various angles of theory and practice. The paper intends to simply deal wit...Ecological Civilization Construction and natural conservatiorl and sustain- able resources use are three aspects of same object proposed from various angles of theory and practice. The paper intends to simply deal with some problems of this aspect and to propose corresponding suggestions for related departments.展开更多
An insight into the shared history of built heritage and urban development along the 20th century reveals different attempts to solve the dialectic conflict between conservation and modernisation from the discipline o...An insight into the shared history of built heritage and urban development along the 20th century reveals different attempts to solve the dialectic conflict between conservation and modernisation from the discipline of architecture.This paper makes a review of the nature,aims and results of these attempts,highlighting the contributions to the discussion that originated from Italy between the 1950s and 1980s.It points to the challenges brought by the 1972 World Heritage Convention and the extent of social,economic and urban changes that have contributed to raise awareness about urban heritage in the present time.The article departs from a value-centred framework in order to describe current architectural,cultural,economic and social issues concerning the contribution of architecture and urban planning to heritage conservation in the age of globalization.This insight will delineate new conservation practices,strategies and methodologies,especially relating to the 2011 Historic Urban Landscape Recommendation and its declared goal for sustainable urban development.展开更多
Unique natural landscapes of Wulong Karst were introduced and compared with other famous karst regions inscribed as the in World Natural Heritage, landscape features and significant geoscience research value of Wulong...Unique natural landscapes of Wulong Karst were introduced and compared with other famous karst regions inscribed as the in World Natural Heritage, landscape features and significant geoscience research value of Wulong Karst was analyzed. Problems of Wulong Karst in Chongqing as the World Natural Heritage were proposed, and factors influencing its sustainable development given as: lack of professional management staff, excessive development, frequent geologic hazards and human interventions. Corresponding protective measures were given on the basis of research and investigation, sustainable development and innovation stressed as well as digitalized construction of heritage and exploration of high-end tourist products to promote the sustainable development of world heritage.展开更多
Although the urgency of their conservation has been recognized, Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS) designated by the Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO) since 2002 and China Nationally Importan...Although the urgency of their conservation has been recognized, Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS) designated by the Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO) since 2002 and China Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(ChinaNIAHS) certified by the Ministry of Agriculture(MOA) of China since 2012 are faced with questions as to why to conserve them, what is to be conserved, who should conserve them, and how? This paper attempts to clarify and respond to such questions focusing on the conservation of agricultural heritage systems in China based on a review of both theoretical and practical progress. Agricultural heritage systems exhibit a multitude of values for sustainable and equitable development and therefore should be conserved for both present and future generations. Unlike most conventional heritages, the conservation of agricultural heritage systems is a complex, systematic "engineering" in which both physical and biological components and associated socio-cultural processes should be conserved in a dynamic way. Farmers and heritage sites must benefit from the continuance of traditional agricultural production under the premise of ecological functions being sustained and traditional culture being inherited. For a more effective conservation, a multi- stakeholder process should be established involving governments at different levels, multi-disciplinary scientists, communities and farmers, and business enterprises as well as social organizations. As has been demonstrated, the conservation of agricultural heritage systems aims to promote the regional sustainable development, to improve the livelihood, food security and well-being of farm people, and to provide references for the development of modern agriculture in China.展开更多
In recent years, soaring energy consumption is posing a huge potential threat to China＇s energy security. China has rich coal resources, but most of the coal is mainly burned directly with low efficiency. Thus oil an...In recent years, soaring energy consumption is posing a huge potential threat to China＇s energy security. China has rich coal resources, but most of the coal is mainly burned directly with low efficiency. Thus oil and gas plays a comparatively important role in national economic development. However domestic oil and gas cannot meet the need of economic development. To solve this problem, China would continue to import oil and gas from petroleum producing countries, especially from the Middle East. The dependence on oil import increases year after year and the sources of supply are concentrated in a few countries, which results in the insecurity of energy supply. Therefore, China should optimize its energy structure, improve energy efficiency, increase the geographic diversity of oil supply, build oil reserve bases, and develop new energies actively.展开更多
The Loess Plateau is the core area in the Yellow River basin for implementing environmental protection and high-quality development strategies. A series of ecological projects has implemented aimed at soil and water c...The Loess Plateau is the core area in the Yellow River basin for implementing environmental protection and high-quality development strategies. A series of ecological projects has implemented aimed at soil and water conservation and ecological management on the Loess Plateau over the past 70 years. The effects of the ecological projects are apparent mainly through a marked increase in vegetation cover, controlled soil erosion and reduced flow of sediment into the Yellow River, continual optimization of the industrial structure and increased production from arable land, poverty alleviation and greater prosperity, and optimal allocation of space for biological organisms.Major problems have also been analyzed in ecological management including the fragile ecosystem of the region, maintaining the stability of vegetation,lower agricultural productivity and continued risk from natural disasters. Some suitable schemes and models have been developed for the coordinated development of the region through research and demonstration, striking the optimum balance between rural industry and ecology, and increased regionalcapacity to supply high-quality ecological products. Countermeasures to address the problems are suggested to guide ecological management and high-quality development in the future.展开更多
基金This work was funded by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expe-dition and Research(STEP)program(Grant No.2019QZKK0501)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA2002030302)+1 种基金Joint Grant from Chinese Academy of Sciences-People’s Government of Qinghai Province on Sanjiangyuan Na-tional Park(Grant No.LHZX-2020-01)Construction Fund for Qing-hai Key Laboratories(Grant No.2017-ZJ-Y23).
文摘National parks as protected areas have been on the spotlight because they are essential in achieving ecological civilization in China.Despite the profound achievements of national parks to conserve nature,the benefits of national parks for local residents remain lacking.Under the theory of harmonious coexistence between human and nature,this study focused on the development of local people’s livelihood in Qinghai’s national parks.We systematically explored the establishment of the national parks in Qinghai Province,analyzed the current prob-lems,and provided the main measures for developing people’s livelihood in protected areas in Qinghai.This study put forward the viewpoint that national parks should set a long-term goal,and gradually advance based on the environmental conditions and appropriately prioritize the improvement of local people’s wellbeing in the future.
文摘Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aim to ensure environmental sustainability is enhanced focusing on the future generation. Knowledge of the SDGs becomes pivotal in biodiversity conservation thus, a gap impacts such efforts on protecting and preserving biodiversity habits difficult. Nairobi City was chosen because of her unique ecosystem that habits wildlife and urban life with great prospects of being East Africa’s business hub. With an estimated double city population by 2030, knowledge of SDGs would be useful in enhancing biodiversity conservation in unique cities like Nairobi. Thus, a gap in the knowledge of SDGs threatens the future of biodiversity unless it is mitigated. The study employed a cross-sectional design that caters to qualitative and quantitative data. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires and key informant interviews. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model was adopted to evaluate how determinants of human perceptions, decisions, and activities related to implementing sustainable development goals impact biodiversity conservation. Results indicate that respondents’ knowledge (30.5% ± 2.01%), attitudes (30.4% ± 1.56%), and practice (26.3% ± 0.08%) on implementation of SDGs was significantly low. Further, a majority believed that lack of awareness of SDGs 87% impacts biodiversity conservation, coupled with 12% and 1%, respectively, who opined that limited SDGs knowledge sharing and corruption were barriers to biodiversity conservation. The majority of respondents believed that increased awareness of SDGs (78.2% ± 2.61%), and strengthened institutional capacity (58.7% ± 3.01%) underscores SDGs’ importance in biodiversity conservation. Knowledge of SDGs is pivotal in the enhancement of biodiversity conservation.
文摘Tropical forests provide some of the richest biodiversity amid and adjacent to the world’s poorest people as they lose access to resources when forests are designated for strict preservation.Integrated Conservation Development Projects(ICDPs)aimed at conservation and compensated communities adjacent to conserved resources through revenue sharing from the resultant economic activities.However,Community-Based Natural Resource Management(CBNRM)approaches seek to reconcile biodiversity conservation with community livelihoods strategies to reduce poverty.Nkuringo Conservation and Community Development Foundation on the Southern Fringes of Bwindi National Park in Kisoro District adopted the Community-Based Natural Resource Management model where communities benefit both financially and socially from conservation.The model provides a“win-win”situation where both human beings and wildlife benefit.The objective of this paper is to profile Nkuringo Conservation and Community Development Foundation(NCCDF)adoption of the model by analyzing the model,actors involved,the legal framework,benefits accrued,challenges,and strategies to ameliorate them.The paper adopted a case study research design and collected both qualitative and quantitative data using desk top research methods,observation,oral interviews,and focus group discussions(FGDs).The communities of Nteko and Rubuguri parishes participate in the project which has conserved the mountain gorillas and forests for tourism and diversified community livelihood through tourism,sale of handcrafts,an eco-lodge(Clouds Lodge)and commercial agriculture which contribute to poverty reduction.
文摘In recent years, with the rapid development of the tourist industry, world heritage sites become more and more popular among tourists from home and abroad. Therefore, heritage tourism has become a new hotspot. However, while world heri- tage sites are making obvious economic benefit from tourism, they also bring various problems and contradictions, of which the most troublesome one is the contradiction between heritage con- servation and tourism development. To discuss and analyze the root and the essence of the above contradiction and find a way to bring about harmony between them is an important program faced by our national heritage management practice and academic re- search. Based on the case of cleaning the Temple and Cemetery of Confucius and the Kong Family Mansion in Qufu, this paper ana- lyzes the reasons why our national world cultural heritage sites bring about the above contradiction in the process of tourism development and points out that the improper system and stake- holders’ benefit imbroglio are respectively the root and the es- sence of the contraction. Then, it also puts forward corresponding solutions.
文摘Recent biodiversity research in the Western Amazon has emphasized the linkages among road construction, deforestation and loss of indigenous lands. Many observers have concluded that hydrocarbon production inevitably means destruction of forests and expropriation of native territory. Yet evidence from the eastern lowlands of Ecuador (known as the Oriente) shows that oil can be developed without roads or harmful impacts. The Oriente also provides another contrasting case: in areas where no oil was discovered, the government often built roads to support its agricultural colonization efforts. In these areas, a great deal of deforestation and indigenous displacement occurred. Such evidence suggests that a different set of agrarian and environmental policies might permit oil activity without loss of rain forest or indigenous territory.
文摘Deforestation is a phenomenon that forms part of environmental degradation. The fact that deforestation is both a source and contributor to global warming, as it reduces the carbon sinks, cannot be contested [1]. A case study research was carried out in Songea Tanzania aimed at establishing whether there was differential participation of people of different demographic characteristics in those activities that lead into tree cover decline. The study revealed that people of different age group and, sex categories played different roles in activities that lead to deforestation such as felling trees for firewood and felling trees for establishing and/or for expanding farms. It was observed that age group and sex categories influenced one’s involvement or participation in deforestation thus contributing differently by both activity and degree of forest cover reduction. This literally means that people of different demographic characteristics of age and sex contributed differently to the ailing deforestation process. From this end, it is logical and implicit arguing that the identification of actors in deforestation-related activities confirms the disaggregated manner by which population acts on the environment. Development of blanket conservation packages that are not focused on age group and sex categories of members the population in question remains too general and in-effective. To be precise, the planning and implementation of effective conservation initiatives has to take into account demographic characteristics of the population in question. The observed reality is that the population engages with the environment not as a unit but in its disaggregated manner, i.e. based on its demographic sub-categories [2]. The theory behind a successful conservation initiative is based on unveiling the mechanism by which population acts when resulting to deforestation.
文摘Gabon,located on the west coast of Central Africa,is one of the most forested countries.This small but richly biodiverse country is covered by rainforests,which make up approximately 85%of its land area.These forests are home to a wide variety of wildlife,including elephants and numerous bird species,making Gabon a crucial area for conservation efforts.
基金Under the auspices of Key Project of the Ministry of Water Resources(No.E202291801,E203101901)National Key R&D Program of China(No.2019QZKK0401)。
文摘The Three Gorges Project,the largest water conservation initiative globally,is located within the Three Gorges Reservoir Area(TGRA),a critical zone for water conservation and ecological protection.There is an urgent need to better understand and protect the evolving water conservation functions of the TGRA,alongside identifying the driving mechanisms within its ecological barrier re-gion.This paper explores the spatial and temporal evolution of water conservation function in the TGRA from 1990 to 2020 and its fu-ture trends under different development scenarios from 2020 to 2030.Key driving factors influencing the water conservation function are identified,and a comprehensive development scenario is proposed.The findings indicate a general upward trend in the water conser-vation function of the TGRA,characterized by an initial increase,a subsequent decline,and a final recovery.Moreover,land use changes are found to be the primary factor driving these variations,followed by climatic factors such as precipitation.Under various de-velopment scenarios,the prioritization of water conservation outcomes is ranked as follows:ecological protection>cropland protec-tion>natural development>urban development.The results of this study offer valuable insights for balancing economic development with ecological preservation.
文摘By analyzing the cases in Taishan Mountain, Shandong Province and other tourist sites in China, this paper pointed out the problems in tourism management, such as resources damage, environment pollution, which are the result of tourism development, and are obstacles to the development. The paper also gave suggestion and practical ways to preserve tourism resources and environment.
文摘Yunnan is the most both biodiverse region in China. An existing project of People, Land Management and Environmental Change of United Nations University aims to document the status of agrodiversity as a basis for meeting local needs, using Xishuangbanna and Baoshan as case studies. Studies reveal that a rich agrodiversity at levels of crop species and varieties, plant species in agricultural fields and diversified ecosystems have been developed and conserved through agricultural systems by small farmers. Social-economic influences on agrobiodiversity are quite complex, but land tenure, household income and farmer association have played an important role in management of agrodiversity.
基金Supported by the Planning Subject of‘the Twelfth Five-year-plan’in National Scienceand Technology for the Rural Development in China(2011BAD31B01)~~
文摘With economy development,human destruction of eco-environment is deteriorating,which has become a key treatment nationwide.What＇s more,eco-environment construction is proceeding and multi-eco-environment projects are developing.Water and soil conservation and eco-environment construction should be a strategic task long-term insisted on,which is a part of agricultural construction.The research analyzed the relationship between water and soil conservation with eco-environment,concluded the process of ecological civilization construction in promoting water and soil conservation,and proposed countermeasures,laying foundation for water and soil conservation and ecological construction.
基金US National Science Foundation Award,No.1518518Complex Dynamics of Telecoupled Human and Natural System+1 种基金Michigan AgBioResearchSao Paulo Research Foundation,No.15/25892-7
文摘Diverse conservation efforts have been expanding around the globe, even under the stress of increasing agricultural production. A striking example is the supply-chain agreements put upon the Amazon forest which had reduced deforestation by 80% from the early 2000s （27,772 km2） to 2015 （6207 km2）. However, evaluation of these conservation efforts usually focused on the impacts within the Amazon biome only, while the effects that spill over to other areas （e.g., displacement of environmental pressure from one area to another） were rarely considered. Ignoring spillover effects may lead to biased or even wrong conclusions about the effectiveness of these conservation efforts because the hidden cost outside the target area of conservation may offset the achievement within it. It is thus impor- tant to assess the spillover effects of these supply-chain agreements. In this study, we used the two supply-chain agreements （i.e., Soy Moratorium and zero-deforestation beef agree- ment） implemented in the Amazon biome as examples and evaluated their spillover effects to the Cerrado. To achieve a holistic evaluation of the spillover effects, we adopted the telecou- piing framework in our analysis. The application of the telecoupling framework includes the interactions between distant systems and extends the analytical boundaries beyond the sig- natory areas, which fill the gap of previous studies. Our results indicate that the supply-chain agreements have significantly reduced deforestation by half compared to projections within the sending system （i.e., Para State in the Amazon, which exports soybeans and other agricultural products）, but at the cost of increasing deforestation in the spillover system （i.e., a 6.6 time increase in Tocantins State of the Cerrado, where deforestation was affected by interactions between the Amazon and other places）. Our study emphasizes that spillover effects should be considered in the evaluation and planning of conservation efforts, for which the telecoupling framework works as a useful tool to do that systematically.
基金Supported by the"Strategic Priority Research Program"of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA05050300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41171041)~~
文摘Ecological Civilization Construction and natural conservatiorl and sustain- able resources use are three aspects of same object proposed from various angles of theory and practice. The paper intends to simply deal with some problems of this aspect and to propose corresponding suggestions for related departments.
文摘An insight into the shared history of built heritage and urban development along the 20th century reveals different attempts to solve the dialectic conflict between conservation and modernisation from the discipline of architecture.This paper makes a review of the nature,aims and results of these attempts,highlighting the contributions to the discussion that originated from Italy between the 1950s and 1980s.It points to the challenges brought by the 1972 World Heritage Convention and the extent of social,economic and urban changes that have contributed to raise awareness about urban heritage in the present time.The article departs from a value-centred framework in order to describe current architectural,cultural,economic and social issues concerning the contribution of architecture and urban planning to heritage conservation in the age of globalization.This insight will delineate new conservation practices,strategies and methodologies,especially relating to the 2011 Historic Urban Landscape Recommendation and its declared goal for sustainable urban development.
基金Supported by Basic Research and Operation Expenses from Central Universities Special Funds (2011PY0160,2011PY0159)Humanities and Social Science Research Funds of the Ministry of Education(09YJA630150)Open Research Fund of the Resource and Environment Management Laboratory,Faculty of Humanities,Economy and Management,China University of Geosciences (Beijing) (REM09003)~~
文摘Unique natural landscapes of Wulong Karst were introduced and compared with other famous karst regions inscribed as the in World Natural Heritage, landscape features and significant geoscience research value of Wulong Karst was analyzed. Problems of Wulong Karst in Chongqing as the World Natural Heritage were proposed, and factors influencing its sustainable development given as: lack of professional management staff, excessive development, frequent geologic hazards and human interventions. Corresponding protective measures were given on the basis of research and investigation, sustainable development and innovation stressed as well as digitalized construction of heritage and exploration of high-end tourist products to promote the sustainable development of world heritage.
基金Youth Talent Supporting Project of China Association for Science and Technology,No.2016010103International Exchange and Cooperation Project of Ministry of Agriculture"Conservation of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS)in China in 2016"Scientific Research Foundation for Youth Scholars of Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Although the urgency of their conservation has been recognized, Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS) designated by the Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO) since 2002 and China Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(ChinaNIAHS) certified by the Ministry of Agriculture(MOA) of China since 2012 are faced with questions as to why to conserve them, what is to be conserved, who should conserve them, and how? This paper attempts to clarify and respond to such questions focusing on the conservation of agricultural heritage systems in China based on a review of both theoretical and practical progress. Agricultural heritage systems exhibit a multitude of values for sustainable and equitable development and therefore should be conserved for both present and future generations. Unlike most conventional heritages, the conservation of agricultural heritage systems is a complex, systematic "engineering" in which both physical and biological components and associated socio-cultural processes should be conserved in a dynamic way. Farmers and heritage sites must benefit from the continuance of traditional agricultural production under the premise of ecological functions being sustained and traditional culture being inherited. For a more effective conservation, a multi- stakeholder process should be established involving governments at different levels, multi-disciplinary scientists, communities and farmers, and business enterprises as well as social organizations. As has been demonstrated, the conservation of agricultural heritage systems aims to promote the regional sustainable development, to improve the livelihood, food security and well-being of farm people, and to provide references for the development of modern agriculture in China.
文摘In recent years, soaring energy consumption is posing a huge potential threat to China＇s energy security. China has rich coal resources, but most of the coal is mainly burned directly with low efficiency. Thus oil and gas plays a comparatively important role in national economic development. However domestic oil and gas cannot meet the need of economic development. To solve this problem, China would continue to import oil and gas from petroleum producing countries, especially from the Middle East. The dependence on oil import increases year after year and the sources of supply are concentrated in a few countries, which results in the insecurity of energy supply. Therefore, China should optimize its energy structure, improve energy efficiency, increase the geographic diversity of oil supply, build oil reserve bases, and develop new energies actively.
基金supported by the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shaanxi Forestry Academy of Sciences (SXLK20210206)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB40000000)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province (2021ZDLSF05-02)the Funding of Special Support Plan of Young Talents Project of Shaanxi Province and National Forestry and Grassland Administration in China (20201326015)。
文摘The Loess Plateau is the core area in the Yellow River basin for implementing environmental protection and high-quality development strategies. A series of ecological projects has implemented aimed at soil and water conservation and ecological management on the Loess Plateau over the past 70 years. The effects of the ecological projects are apparent mainly through a marked increase in vegetation cover, controlled soil erosion and reduced flow of sediment into the Yellow River, continual optimization of the industrial structure and increased production from arable land, poverty alleviation and greater prosperity, and optimal allocation of space for biological organisms.Major problems have also been analyzed in ecological management including the fragile ecosystem of the region, maintaining the stability of vegetation,lower agricultural productivity and continued risk from natural disasters. Some suitable schemes and models have been developed for the coordinated development of the region through research and demonstration, striking the optimum balance between rural industry and ecology, and increased regionalcapacity to supply high-quality ecological products. Countermeasures to address the problems are suggested to guide ecological management and high-quality development in the future.
