Software defect prevention is an important way to reduce the defect introduction rate.As the primary cause of software defects,human error can be the key to understanding and preventing software defects.This paper pro...Software defect prevention is an important way to reduce the defect introduction rate.As the primary cause of software defects,human error can be the key to understanding and preventing software defects.This paper proposes a defect prevention approach based on human error mechanisms：DPe HE.The approach includes both knowledge and regulation training in human error prevention.Knowledge training provides programmers with explicit knowledge on why programmers commit errors,what kinds of errors tend to be committed under different circumstances,and how these errors can be prevented.Regulation training further helps programmers to promote the awareness and ability to prevent human errors through practice.The practice is facilitated by a problem solving checklist and a root cause identification checklist.This paper provides a systematic framework that integrates knowledge across disciplines,e.g.,cognitive science,software psychology and software engineering to defend against human errors in software development.Furthermore,we applied this approach in an international company at CMM Level 5 and a software development institution at CMM Level 1 in the Chinese Aviation Industry.The application cases show that the approach is feasible and effective in promoting developers＇ ability to prevent software defects,independent of process maturity levels.展开更多
NERVIDUCT malformation caught the attention of the Chinese government in 1983 when professor Yan Renying, now director of the China Maternal and Infant Health Care Center, conducted an epidemiological survey of new-bo...NERVIDUCT malformation caught the attention of the Chinese government in 1983 when professor Yan Renying, now director of the China Maternal and Infant Health Care Center, conducted an epidemiological survey of new-borns in Shunyi County, Beijing, and discovered that one-third of infant mortality in the area was caused展开更多
Objective To investigate the current status of life stress and hypertension among couples of childbearing age across diverse economic regions in China,and to explore relevant influencing factors.Methods This study was...Objective To investigate the current status of life stress and hypertension among couples of childbearing age across diverse economic regions in China,and to explore relevant influencing factors.Methods This study was a cross-sectional study,with subjects from the"Research on the standardized system of comprehensive prevention and control of birth defects based on preconception-prenatal-postnatal whole chain",From February to May 2021,urban and rural couples of childbearing age(18-49 years old)from Beijing,Henan,and Gansu provinces were enrolled,representing the eastern,central,and western regions of China,respectively.The detection rate,cognition and control of hypertension in the general population,as well as the detection rate of hypertension in different genders and regions were analyzed.Subjects were divided into hypertensive group and non-hypertensive group based on whether their blood pressure was≥140/90 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),and the general clinical data of the two groups were compared.Subjects were also divided into prehypertension and hypertension group and normal blood pressure group based on whether their blood pressure was≥130/80 mmHg,and the general clinical data of the two groups were compared,with subgroup analyses conducted by gender.Multifactorial logistic regression model was applied to identify factors associated with prehypertension and hypertension in both males and females.Results A total of 1942 couples of childbearing age,comprising 3884 individuals,aged(29.8±5.2)years were enrolled,with 1942 males(50.0%).The overall hypertension detection rate was 6.3%(246/3884),with a detection rate of 10.5%(203/1942)in males and 2.2%(43/1942)in females.The hypertension detection rates in Beijing,Henan,and Gansu were 6.2%(92/1482),11.6%(139/1200),and 1.2%(15/1202),respectively.The overall detection rate of prehypertension and hypertension was 40.5%(1574/3884).Multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that life pressure factors had no effect on female blood pressure levels(P>0.05),while a significant or high level of life/work pressure was a risk factor for prehypertension and hypertension in males(0R=2.30,95%CI 1.06-4.99,P<0.05).Conclusion The detection rate of prehypertension and hypertension among young couples of childbearing age in China is high,and the awareness and control of hypertension are poor.There are sex differences in the relationship between life pressure and blood pressure levels.Comprehensive consideration of individual living environments and mental health factors is crucial in blood pressure management.Measures to reduce life stress and enhance mental resilience should be implemented to address this public health issue.展开更多
文摘Software defect prevention is an important way to reduce the defect introduction rate.As the primary cause of software defects,human error can be the key to understanding and preventing software defects.This paper proposes a defect prevention approach based on human error mechanisms：DPe HE.The approach includes both knowledge and regulation training in human error prevention.Knowledge training provides programmers with explicit knowledge on why programmers commit errors,what kinds of errors tend to be committed under different circumstances,and how these errors can be prevented.Regulation training further helps programmers to promote the awareness and ability to prevent human errors through practice.The practice is facilitated by a problem solving checklist and a root cause identification checklist.This paper provides a systematic framework that integrates knowledge across disciplines,e.g.,cognitive science,software psychology and software engineering to defend against human errors in software development.Furthermore,we applied this approach in an international company at CMM Level 5 and a software development institution at CMM Level 1 in the Chinese Aviation Industry.The application cases show that the approach is feasible and effective in promoting developers＇ ability to prevent software defects,independent of process maturity levels.
文摘NERVIDUCT malformation caught the attention of the Chinese government in 1983 when professor Yan Renying, now director of the China Maternal and Infant Health Care Center, conducted an epidemiological survey of new-borns in Shunyi County, Beijing, and discovered that one-third of infant mortality in the area was caused
文摘Objective To investigate the current status of life stress and hypertension among couples of childbearing age across diverse economic regions in China,and to explore relevant influencing factors.Methods This study was a cross-sectional study,with subjects from the"Research on the standardized system of comprehensive prevention and control of birth defects based on preconception-prenatal-postnatal whole chain",From February to May 2021,urban and rural couples of childbearing age(18-49 years old)from Beijing,Henan,and Gansu provinces were enrolled,representing the eastern,central,and western regions of China,respectively.The detection rate,cognition and control of hypertension in the general population,as well as the detection rate of hypertension in different genders and regions were analyzed.Subjects were divided into hypertensive group and non-hypertensive group based on whether their blood pressure was≥140/90 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),and the general clinical data of the two groups were compared.Subjects were also divided into prehypertension and hypertension group and normal blood pressure group based on whether their blood pressure was≥130/80 mmHg,and the general clinical data of the two groups were compared,with subgroup analyses conducted by gender.Multifactorial logistic regression model was applied to identify factors associated with prehypertension and hypertension in both males and females.Results A total of 1942 couples of childbearing age,comprising 3884 individuals,aged(29.8±5.2)years were enrolled,with 1942 males(50.0%).The overall hypertension detection rate was 6.3%(246/3884),with a detection rate of 10.5%(203/1942)in males and 2.2%(43/1942)in females.The hypertension detection rates in Beijing,Henan,and Gansu were 6.2%(92/1482),11.6%(139/1200),and 1.2%(15/1202),respectively.The overall detection rate of prehypertension and hypertension was 40.5%(1574/3884).Multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that life pressure factors had no effect on female blood pressure levels(P>0.05),while a significant or high level of life/work pressure was a risk factor for prehypertension and hypertension in males(0R=2.30,95%CI 1.06-4.99,P<0.05).Conclusion The detection rate of prehypertension and hypertension among young couples of childbearing age in China is high,and the awareness and control of hypertension are poor.There are sex differences in the relationship between life pressure and blood pressure levels.Comprehensive consideration of individual living environments and mental health factors is crucial in blood pressure management.Measures to reduce life stress and enhance mental resilience should be implemented to address this public health issue.
