Deep karst fractures significantly drive rock strata movement induced by mining and are one of the key factors causing slope failures.Understanding the disaster formation mechanisms of mining-induced slopes controlled...Deep karst fractures significantly drive rock strata movement induced by mining and are one of the key factors causing slope failures.Understanding the disaster formation mechanisms of mining-induced slopes controlled by deep karst fractures is crucial for geological hazard prevention and mitigation.Existing research on slope failure mechanisms under the coupled influence of deep karst fractures and underground coal mining remains limited and insufficiently developed.Consequently,this study establishes a coupled geomechanical model of mining-karst interaction for layered reverse-dip slopes in southwestern China.By integrating field investigations with discrete element simulations,this study explores the deformation characteristics and failure mechanisms of deeply fractured karst slopes subjected to underground mining,along with their impacts on slope stability.The main findings are as follows:(1)Deep rock karst fractures dominated the spatial distribution of tensile fracture zones,forming a dynamic stress arch effect above the goaf;(2)The mining process dynamically induced a three-stage destruction mode of the slope,namely,the bending effect caused by the dynamic stress arch,arch migration,and the evolution of the unlocking of the locking rocks;(3)Significant spatiotemporal variability existed between the tensile zone at the top of the slope and the shear zone on the slope surface,leading to the gradual overturning of the cantilever beam structure along the dominant structural surface.It indicates that deep rock karst fractures are the primary factor controlling the disaster of the cantilever beam structure,exacerbating the degree of rock fracture and surface subsidence induced by coal mining.This study reveals the chain disaster mechanism of layered anti-dip rock karst fracture slopes in southwestern China,namely,fracture penetration,rock stratum movement-induced failure,unlocking of key rocks,and final tensile overturning destruction,profoundly elucidating the critical role of rock dissolution fissures in mining-induced slope disasters.展开更多
With comprehensive considerations of the operational safety and collection efficiency for the tracked miner collecting the seafloor poly-metallic nodules, two new improved mining paths for the miner on the deep seaflo...With comprehensive considerations of the operational safety and collection efficiency for the tracked miner collecting the seafloor poly-metallic nodules, two new improved mining paths for the miner on the deep seafloor were proposed. Compared to the conventional mining path, the design principles and superiorities of the two new paths are that the miner turning with relative long radius should avoid large sinkage and high slip, so as to ensure its operational safety, while the space between its straight-line trajectories before and after the turning is optimum, which is designed as the total width of the miner, and collect nodules as more as possible, so as to ensure its collection efficiency. To realize the new mining paths, theoretical designs and quantitative calculations were carried out to determine the exact positions for the speed controls of the miner during its whole operation process. With the new dynamic model of the miner, and through regulations of the speeds of the left and right tracks of the miner on the exact motion positions according to the theoretical calculations, the two new improved mining paths for the miner on the seafloor were successfully simulated, thus the turning radius of the miner in the simulation is about 21.8 m, while the distance between the straight-line trajectories before and after the turning is about 5.2 m. The dynamic simulation results preliminarily prove the feasibility of these two new mining paths, and further can provide important theoretical guidance and useful technical reference for the practical tracked miner operation and control on the seafloor.展开更多
The mining method optimization in subsea deep gold mines was studied. First, an index system for subsea mining method selection was established based on technical feasibility, security status, economic benefit, and ma...The mining method optimization in subsea deep gold mines was studied. First, an index system for subsea mining method selection was established based on technical feasibility, security status, economic benefit, and management complexity. Next, an evaluation matrix containing crisp numbers and triangular fuzzy numbers(TFNs) was constructed to describe quantitative and qualitative information simultaneously. Then, a hybrid model combining fuzzy theory and the Tomada de Decis?o Interativa Multicritério(TODIM) method was proposed. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed approach was validated by an illustrative example of selecting the optimal mining method in the Sanshandao Gold Mine(China). The robustness of this approach was demonstrated through a sensitivity analysis. The results show that the proposed hybrid TODIM method is reliable and stable for choosing the optimal mining method in subsea deep gold mines and provides references for mining method optimization in other similar undersea mines.展开更多
Gas content serves as a critical indicator for assessing the resource potential of deep coal mines and forecasting coal mine gas outburst risks.However,existing sampling technologies face challenges in maintaining the...Gas content serves as a critical indicator for assessing the resource potential of deep coal mines and forecasting coal mine gas outburst risks.However,existing sampling technologies face challenges in maintaining the integrity of gas content within samples and are often constrained by estimation errors inherent in empirical formulas,which results in inaccurate gas content measurements.This study introduces a lightweight,in-situ pressure-and gas-preserved corer designed to collect coal samples under the pressure conditions at the sampling point,effectively preventing gas loss during transfer and significantly improving measurement accuracy.Additionally,a gas migration model for deep coal mines was developed to elucidate gas migration characteristics under pressure-preserved coring conditions.The model offers valuable insights for optimizing coring parameters,demonstrating that both minimizing the coring hole diameter and reducing the pressure difference between the coring-point pressure and the original pore pressure can effectively improve the precision of gas content measurements.Coring tests conducted at an experimental base validated the performance of the corer and its effectiveness in sample collection.Furthermore,successful horizontal coring tests conducted in an underground coal mine roadway demonstrated that the measured gas content using pressure-preserved coring was 34%higher than that obtained through open sampling methods.展开更多
To achieve safe and highly efficient mining in the gassy, deep mines of the Huainan collieries simultaneous coal and gas extraction, and the corresponding ventilation methods were developed. This includes a set of min...To achieve safe and highly efficient mining in the gassy, deep mines of the Huainan collieries simultaneous coal and gas extraction, and the corresponding ventilation methods were developed. This includes a set of mining procedures and principles which help insure safe and efficient production. Furthermore, green mining, meaning the comprehensive use of emitted gas, proper treatment of the environment and appropriate mine temperature control, is now standard. The concepts of modem mining and the principles of pressure relief are described. Coal-gas simultaneous ex- traction and multi-pressure relief techniques were developed which require a combination of surface and underground gas extraction. The application of Y-ventilation systems, of roadways retained along goafs, of stress control techniques for highly fragile mine roofs and of powerful, automatic and reliable mining equipment contributes to safe operation of modem deep mines. Operating parameters for these techniques are described and the results of their use discussed.展开更多
Development of deep underground mining projects is crucial for optimum extraction of mineral deposits.The main challenges at great depth are high rock stress levels,seismic events,large-scale deformation,sudden failur...Development of deep underground mining projects is crucial for optimum extraction of mineral deposits.The main challenges at great depth are high rock stress levels,seismic events,large-scale deformation,sudden failures and high temperatures that may cause abrupt and unpredictable instability and collapse over a large scale.In this paper,a ground control and management strategy was presented corresponding to the three stages of projects:strategic design,tactical design and operational design.Strategic design is results in preparing a broad plan and primary design for mining excavations.The tactical design is to provide detail design such as stabilisation methods.Operational design stage is related to monitoring and updating design parameters.The most effective ground control strategies in this stage are maintenance,rehabilitation,monitoring and contingency plan.Additionally,a new procedure for design of ground support systems for deep and hard rock was proposed.The main principles are:static and/or dynamic loading types,determination of loading sources,characterisation of geological conditions and the effects of orientation of major structures with openings,estimation of ground loading factor,identification of potential primary and secondary failures,utilisation of appropriate design analysis methods,estimation of depth failure,calculation of the static and/or dynamic demand ground support capacity,and selection of surface and reinforcement elements.Gravitational force is the dominant loading force in low-level stresses.In high stress level failure mechanism becomes more complex in rock mass structures.In this condition,a variety of factors such as release of stored energy due to seismic events,stress concentration,and major structures influence on ground behaviour and judgement are very complicated.The key rock engineering schemes to minimise the risk of failures in high-stress levels at great depth involve depressurisation and quality control of materials.Microseismic and blast monitoring throughout the mining operations are required to control sudden failures.Proper excavation sequences in underground stopes based on top-down,bottom-up,centre-out and abutment-centre were discussed.Also,the performance of a ground support system was examined by field observation monitoring systems for controlling and modifying ground support elements.The important outcome of the research is that the proposed procedure of selecting ground support systems for static and dynamic situations was applied in several deep underground mines in Western Australia.Ground behaviour modes and failure mechanism were identified and assessed.Ground demand for static and dynamic conditions was estimated and an appropriate ground support system was selected and evaluated in site-specific conditions according to proposed method for ground support design at great depth.The stability of rock masses was confirmed,and the reliability of the design methodology for great depth and hard rock conditions was also justified.展开更多
To predict rock burst in deep mining excavation in Linglong gold mine, systematical laboratory tests of mechanical properties of rock, in situ stress measurement and 3-D FEM analysis on energy distribution in rock mas...To predict rock burst in deep mining excavation in Linglong gold mine, systematical laboratory tests of mechanical properties of rock, in situ stress measurement and 3-D FEM analysis on energy distribution in rock mass surrounding deep mining rooms were carried out. According to various prediction criteria of rock burst, it is concluded that rock burst is liable to occur during deep mining excavation in the mine.展开更多
In recent years, with the increase of the depth of open-pit mining, the pollution level has been on the rise due to harmful gases and dust occurring in the process of mining. In order to accelerate the diffusion of th...In recent years, with the increase of the depth of open-pit mining, the pollution level has been on the rise due to harmful gases and dust occurring in the process of mining. In order to accelerate the diffusion of these air pollutants, the distributed regularity of the rock face temperature which is directly related to the air ventilation in deep open-pit mines should be studied. Here, we establish the key factors influencing the rock face temperature in a deep open-pit mine. We also present an empirical model of the rock face temperature variation in the deep open-pit mine, of which the performance is interestingly high compared with that of the field test. This study lays a foundation to study the ventilation thermodynamic theory in the deep open-pit mine, which is of great importance for theoretical studies and engineering applications of solving air pollution problem in deep open-pit mines.展开更多
Ore production is usually affected by multiple influencing inputs at open-pit mines.Nevertheless,the complex nonlinear relationships between these inputs and ore production remain unclear.This becomes even more challe...Ore production is usually affected by multiple influencing inputs at open-pit mines.Nevertheless,the complex nonlinear relationships between these inputs and ore production remain unclear.This becomes even more challenging when training data(e.g.truck haulage information and weather conditions)are massive.In machine learning(ML)algorithms,deep neural network(DNN)is a superior method for processing nonlinear and massive data by adjusting the amount of neurons and hidden layers.This study adopted DNN to forecast ore production using truck haulage information and weather conditions at open-pit mines as training data.Before the prediction models were built,principal component analysis(PCA)was employed to reduce the data dimensionality and eliminate the multicollinearity among highly correlated input variables.To verify the superiority of DNN,three ANNs containing only one hidden layer and six traditional ML models were established as benchmark models.The DNN model with multiple hidden layers performed better than the ANN models with a single hidden layer.The DNN model outperformed the extensively applied benchmark models in predicting ore production.This can provide engineers and researchers with an accurate method to forecast ore production,which helps make sound budgetary decisions and mine planning at open-pit mines.展开更多
Jinchuan nickel mine is the largest nickel mine in China. Cut-and-fill mining method with high density cementing materials is used in the mine. The original mining design divided the mining operation into two steps. T...Jinchuan nickel mine is the largest nickel mine in China. Cut-and-fill mining method with high density cementing materials is used in the mine. The original mining design divided the mining operation into two steps. The first step stopped the mining rooms and the second step stopped the pillars. Because the two-step method made big trouble for finally mining pillars and strongly limited the mining speed and production, it was successfully changed to a continuous cut-and-fill method without pillars. However, the mining operation in the mine has been down to 800 m and the mining condition is getting worse and more complicated. Through systematical field investigations and 3-D FEM analysis, it is proved that the mining method without pillars is feasible for mining deeper orebodies in Jinchuan nickel mine.展开更多
Pump chambers, normally used as dominant structures in mining engineering to insure the safety and production of un-derground coal mines, become generally deformed under conditions of deep mining. Given the geology an...Pump chambers, normally used as dominant structures in mining engineering to insure the safety and production of un-derground coal mines, become generally deformed under conditions of deep mining. Given the geology and engineering condition of Qishan Coal Mine in Xuzhou, the failure characteristics of pump chambers at the –1000 m level show that the main cause can be attributed to the spatial effect induced by intersectional chambers, where one pump is constructed per well. We developed an opti-mized design of the pump room, in which the pump wells in the traditional design are integrated into one compounding well. We suggest that the new design can limit the spatial effect of intersectional chambers during construction given our relevant numerical simulation. The new design is able to simplify the structure of the pump chamber and reduce the amount of excavation required. Based on a bolt-mesh-anchor with a rigid gap coupling supporting technology, the stability of pump chamber can be improved greatly.展开更多
Deep Underground Science and Engineering(DUSE)is pleased to present this special issue on Groundwater and Stability in Deep Mining.As mining operations progress to greater depths to meet the growing global demand for ...Deep Underground Science and Engineering(DUSE)is pleased to present this special issue on Groundwater and Stability in Deep Mining.As mining operations progress to greater depths to meet the growing global demand for mineral resources and energy,the challenges associated with groundwater control and rock mass stability have grown increasingly critical.These challenges are exacerbated by complex geological conditions,structural heterogeneity,and intense mining-induced disturbances.This special issue seeks to address these challenges by showcasing cutting-edge research and technological advancements in the field.展开更多
The advancement of intelligent mining in open-pit operations has imposed higher demands on geological transparency,aiming to provide a robust foundation for intelligent drilling and charging.In this study,a linear arr...The advancement of intelligent mining in open-pit operations has imposed higher demands on geological transparency,aiming to provide a robust foundation for intelligent drilling and charging.In this study,a linear array of 120 nodal seismometers was deployed along the surfaces of the C8 and C9 platforms at Fenghuang Mountain to investigate cavities within the rock mass and prevent improper intelligent charging.The seismometers were 1 m apart along measurement lines,with a 2-m spacing between lines,and the monitoring time for each line was set at 2 h.This deployment was paired with spatial autocorrelation and station autocorrelation to analyze ambient noise seismic data and image the velocity and structure within the rock mass.The results demonstrate that the locations and sizes of cavities or loose structures can be accurately identified at the prepared excavation site.Compared with traditional geological exploration methods for openpit mines,the approach in this study off ers higher accuracy,greater efficiency,reduced labor intensity,and insensitivity to water conditions.Ambient noise seismic imaging for detecting adverse geological conditions in open-pit mines provides critical insights and references for intelligent mining advancements.展开更多
Shear strain energy is a pivotal physical quantity in the occurrence of earthquakes and rockbursts during deep mining operations.This research is focused on understanding the changes in shear strain energy in the cont...Shear strain energy is a pivotal physical quantity in the occurrence of earthquakes and rockbursts during deep mining operations.This research is focused on understanding the changes in shear strain energy in the context of retreating longwall mining,which is essential for the optimized design and mitigation of rockbursts and seismic events.Through the application of innovative analytical models,this study expands its analytical range to include the variations in shear strain energy caused by fault coseismic slip.An integrated methodology is utilized,taking into account the changes in coseismic and fault friction parameters as well as enhancements in mining-induced stress and existing background stresses.Our numerical investigation highlights the significance of mining location and fault characteristics as key determinants of shear strain energy modifications.The analysis demonstrates significant spatial variability in shear strain energy,especially noting that fault slip near the mining face greatly increases the likelihood of rockburst.This finding emphasizes the need to integrate fault coseismic slip dynamics into the triggering factors of rock(coal)bursts,thus broadening the theoretical foundation for addressing geological hazards in deep mining operations.The results are further corroborated by observational data from the vicinity of the F16 fault zone,introducing the concept of mining-induced fault coseismic slip as an essential element in the theoretical framework for understanding rockburst triggers.展开更多
Mineral resources exploitation moving deeper into the earth is an inevitable trend with economic and social development.However,the deep high temperature poses a significant challenge to the safety and efficiency of h...Mineral resources exploitation moving deeper into the earth is an inevitable trend with economic and social development.However,the deep high temperature poses a significant challenge to the safety and efficiency of human and machine.The prevention of potential thermal risks in deep mining is critical.Here,the key and difficult issues of humanmachine-environment temperature monitoring are discussed according to the characteristics of deep hightemperature environment.Then,a monitoring and analysis method of human-machine-environment temperature field suitable for deep high-temperature mining areas is proposed.This method covers humanmachine-environment temperature monitoring,data storage and transmission,data processing,results visualization,and thermal risks warning.The monitoring sensor networks are constructed to collect real-time data of miners,machines,and environments.The data is transmitted to the central processing system for storage and analysis using both wired and wireless transmission technologies.Moreover,digital filtering and Kriging interpolation algorithms are applied to denoise and handle outliers in the monitored data,as well as to calculate the temperature field.The temperature prediction model is constructed using Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)method.Finally,potential thermal risks are identified by combining real-time monitoring and prediction results,thereby guiding management personnels and miners to take appropriate measures.The proposed monitoring and analysis method can be applied to deep mines that affected by high temperature.It not only provides data and methodological support for assessing thermal risks in mines,but also offers scientific basis for optimizing mining operations and implementing safety measures.展开更多
Taking the Pusa Collapse in Nayong County,Guizhou Province,China as a case study,this paper investigates the impact of multi-layer coal mining on karst mountains characterized by deep fissures.Based on field investiga...Taking the Pusa Collapse in Nayong County,Guizhou Province,China as a case study,this paper investigates the impact of multi-layer coal mining on karst mountains characterized by deep fissures.Based on field investigations and employing discrete element numerical simulations,the deformation and failure mechanisms of karst mountain containing deep and large fissures under multi-seam mining conditions was investigated.The influence of the direction of coal seam extraction and the sequence of extraction between multiple coal seams on the failure modes of karst mountain with deep and large fissures was studied.The results indicate that underground mining primarily manifests in the development of mininginduced fissures in the mountain body,subsidence and deformation of slope masses,and triggering the expansion of existing fissures,further driving overall deformation and damage to the slopes.Deep and large fissures control the deformation and failure modes of the slopes,with closer and longer deep and large fissures near the slope surface exerting greater influence on the slope mass.The impact of mining in the same coal seam direction on the slopes is mainly reflected in the process of slope deformation and failure.Downslope mining directly leads to overall subsidence of the slope mass,squeezing the front and lower parts of the slope mass.Upslope mining initially causes the foot of the slope to sink and the entire slope mass to move outward,and continuous mining leads to overall settlement and downward compression deformation of the slope.The sequence of mining between multiple coal seams mainly affects the overall and local deformation values of the slope mass.Downward mining leads to increased overall subsidence of the slope mass and exacerbates the backward tilt of the slope top.展开更多
1.Introduction The global transition to green energy has created an unprecedented demand for critical metals and energy resources such as cobalt,nickel,copper,manganese,rare earth elements,and gas hydrates.Against thi...1.Introduction The global transition to green energy has created an unprecedented demand for critical metals and energy resources such as cobalt,nickel,copper,manganese,rare earth elements,and gas hydrates.Against this strategic backdrop,deep-sea mineral and energy resources are increasingly viewed as essential supplements to terrestrial supply bottlenecks and as strategic safeguards for the future low-carbon economy.The international seabed forms a vast strategic resource of global significance,offering great potential to support energy transition and security.Therefore,under sound scientific evaluation and strict regulation,prudent development of this resource should serve both economic needs and the broader goals of sustainable energy transformation[1].展开更多
To solve the problems appeared in mining process of No.2 seam, the ascending stress-releasing mining method was adopted. Studying on the reasonable layout of actual mining roadway in upper coal seams is the preconditi...To solve the problems appeared in mining process of No.2 seam, the ascending stress-releasing mining method was adopted. Studying on the reasonable layout of actual mining roadway in upper coal seams is the precondition of successful ascending mining. By using ＂device of leak measuring by blocking up double ends＂, it detected the height of overburden water flowing fractured zone originated from sub-coal seams mining. Thus it proved that the actual mining roadway of No.2 upper ascending seam was located in the smooth sagging zone. On the basis of analyzing the stress-releasing effect of sub-coal seams mining to upper coal seams by using RFPA software, it analyzed the stability of up-face coal seams and the reasonable location of starting cut in up-face coal seams. It also analyzed the reasonable gateway location in upper coal seams, which ensured the crossheading in upper coal seams out of the effect of sub-coal work face mining by using theory of underground pressure. Meanwhile, the reasonable pillars dimensions in upper coal seams by building the structure mechanics model of stope were researched. It can make the roadway driven along next goaf to be located in low stress zone, and be beneficial to keeping roads stable owing to less stress of surrounding rock. Finally, it tested the rationality of the layout method of roads in upper coal seams by engineering field measurement in 3221 working face.展开更多
The rapid growth of biomedical data,particularly multi-omics data including genomes,transcriptomics,proteomics,metabolomics,and epigenomics,medical research and clinical decision-making confront both new opportunities...The rapid growth of biomedical data,particularly multi-omics data including genomes,transcriptomics,proteomics,metabolomics,and epigenomics,medical research and clinical decision-making confront both new opportunities and obstacles.The huge and diversified nature of these datasets cannot always be managed using traditional data analysis methods.As a consequence,deep learning has emerged as a strong tool for analysing numerous omics data due to its ability to handle complex and non-linear relationships.This paper explores the fundamental concepts of deep learning and how they are used in multi-omics medical data mining.We demonstrate how autoencoders,variational autoencoders,multimodal models,attention mechanisms,transformers,and graph neural networks enable pattern analysis and recognition across all omics data.Deep learning has been found to be effective in illness classification,biomarker identification,gene network learning,and therapeutic efficacy prediction.We also consider critical problems like as data quality,model explainability,whether findings can be repeated,and computational power requirements.We now consider future elements of combining omics with clinical and imaging data,explainable AI,federated learning,and real-time diagnostics.Overall,this study emphasises the need of collaborating across disciplines to advance deep learning-based multi-omics research for precision medicine and comprehending complicated disorders.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program(Natural Science)(ZD[2025]007)the Guizhou Provincial Program on Commercialization of Scientific and Technological Achievements(N0.QKHCG-LH2024-ZD025)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42067046)。
文摘Deep karst fractures significantly drive rock strata movement induced by mining and are one of the key factors causing slope failures.Understanding the disaster formation mechanisms of mining-induced slopes controlled by deep karst fractures is crucial for geological hazard prevention and mitigation.Existing research on slope failure mechanisms under the coupled influence of deep karst fractures and underground coal mining remains limited and insufficiently developed.Consequently,this study establishes a coupled geomechanical model of mining-karst interaction for layered reverse-dip slopes in southwestern China.By integrating field investigations with discrete element simulations,this study explores the deformation characteristics and failure mechanisms of deeply fractured karst slopes subjected to underground mining,along with their impacts on slope stability.The main findings are as follows:(1)Deep rock karst fractures dominated the spatial distribution of tensile fracture zones,forming a dynamic stress arch effect above the goaf;(2)The mining process dynamically induced a three-stage destruction mode of the slope,namely,the bending effect caused by the dynamic stress arch,arch migration,and the evolution of the unlocking of the locking rocks;(3)Significant spatiotemporal variability existed between the tensile zone at the top of the slope and the shear zone on the slope surface,leading to the gradual overturning of the cantilever beam structure along the dominant structural surface.It indicates that deep rock karst fractures are the primary factor controlling the disaster of the cantilever beam structure,exacerbating the degree of rock fracture and surface subsidence induced by coal mining.This study reveals the chain disaster mechanism of layered anti-dip rock karst fracture slopes in southwestern China,namely,fracture penetration,rock stratum movement-induced failure,unlocking of key rocks,and final tensile overturning destruction,profoundly elucidating the critical role of rock dissolution fissures in mining-induced slope disasters.
基金Project(DYXM-115-04-02-01) supported by the National Deep-sea Technology Project of Development and Research, ChinaProject(2011QNZT058) supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, ChinaProject(51105386) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘With comprehensive considerations of the operational safety and collection efficiency for the tracked miner collecting the seafloor poly-metallic nodules, two new improved mining paths for the miner on the deep seafloor were proposed. Compared to the conventional mining path, the design principles and superiorities of the two new paths are that the miner turning with relative long radius should avoid large sinkage and high slip, so as to ensure its operational safety, while the space between its straight-line trajectories before and after the turning is optimum, which is designed as the total width of the miner, and collect nodules as more as possible, so as to ensure its collection efficiency. To realize the new mining paths, theoretical designs and quantitative calculations were carried out to determine the exact positions for the speed controls of the miner during its whole operation process. With the new dynamic model of the miner, and through regulations of the speeds of the left and right tracks of the miner on the exact motion positions according to the theoretical calculations, the two new improved mining paths for the miner on the seafloor were successfully simulated, thus the turning radius of the miner in the simulation is about 21.8 m, while the distance between the straight-line trajectories before and after the turning is about 5.2 m. The dynamic simulation results preliminarily prove the feasibility of these two new mining paths, and further can provide important theoretical guidance and useful technical reference for the practical tracked miner operation and control on the seafloor.
基金Project(2018dcyj052) supported by Survey Research Funds of Central South University,ChinaProject(51774321) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2018YFC0604606) supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China
文摘The mining method optimization in subsea deep gold mines was studied. First, an index system for subsea mining method selection was established based on technical feasibility, security status, economic benefit, and management complexity. Next, an evaluation matrix containing crisp numbers and triangular fuzzy numbers(TFNs) was constructed to describe quantitative and qualitative information simultaneously. Then, a hybrid model combining fuzzy theory and the Tomada de Decis?o Interativa Multicritério(TODIM) method was proposed. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed approach was validated by an illustrative example of selecting the optimal mining method in the Sanshandao Gold Mine(China). The robustness of this approach was demonstrated through a sensitivity analysis. The results show that the proposed hybrid TODIM method is reliable and stable for choosing the optimal mining method in subsea deep gold mines and provides references for mining method optimization in other similar undersea mines.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51827901,42477191,and 52304033)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.YJ202449)+1 种基金the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.SKLGME022009)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M742446).
文摘Gas content serves as a critical indicator for assessing the resource potential of deep coal mines and forecasting coal mine gas outburst risks.However,existing sampling technologies face challenges in maintaining the integrity of gas content within samples and are often constrained by estimation errors inherent in empirical formulas,which results in inaccurate gas content measurements.This study introduces a lightweight,in-situ pressure-and gas-preserved corer designed to collect coal samples under the pressure conditions at the sampling point,effectively preventing gas loss during transfer and significantly improving measurement accuracy.Additionally,a gas migration model for deep coal mines was developed to elucidate gas migration characteristics under pressure-preserved coring conditions.The model offers valuable insights for optimizing coring parameters,demonstrating that both minimizing the coring hole diameter and reducing the pressure difference between the coring-point pressure and the original pore pressure can effectively improve the precision of gas content measurements.Coring tests conducted at an experimental base validated the performance of the corer and its effectiveness in sample collection.Furthermore,successful horizontal coring tests conducted in an underground coal mine roadway demonstrated that the measured gas content using pressure-preserved coring was 34%higher than that obtained through open sampling methods.
基金Projects 2001BA803B04 and 2004BA803B01 supported by the National Key Projects for Tackling Scientific and Technological Problems during the 10thFive-Year Plan
文摘To achieve safe and highly efficient mining in the gassy, deep mines of the Huainan collieries simultaneous coal and gas extraction, and the corresponding ventilation methods were developed. This includes a set of mining procedures and principles which help insure safe and efficient production. Furthermore, green mining, meaning the comprehensive use of emitted gas, proper treatment of the environment and appropriate mine temperature control, is now standard. The concepts of modem mining and the principles of pressure relief are described. Coal-gas simultaneous ex- traction and multi-pressure relief techniques were developed which require a combination of surface and underground gas extraction. The application of Y-ventilation systems, of roadways retained along goafs, of stress control techniques for highly fragile mine roofs and of powerful, automatic and reliable mining equipment contributes to safe operation of modem deep mines. Operating parameters for these techniques are described and the results of their use discussed.
基金supported by Curtin International Postgraduate Scholarship(CIPRS)/Department of Mining and Metallurgy Scholarshippartly supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China the 111 Project under grant Nos.51839003 and B17009.
文摘Development of deep underground mining projects is crucial for optimum extraction of mineral deposits.The main challenges at great depth are high rock stress levels,seismic events,large-scale deformation,sudden failures and high temperatures that may cause abrupt and unpredictable instability and collapse over a large scale.In this paper,a ground control and management strategy was presented corresponding to the three stages of projects:strategic design,tactical design and operational design.Strategic design is results in preparing a broad plan and primary design for mining excavations.The tactical design is to provide detail design such as stabilisation methods.Operational design stage is related to monitoring and updating design parameters.The most effective ground control strategies in this stage are maintenance,rehabilitation,monitoring and contingency plan.Additionally,a new procedure for design of ground support systems for deep and hard rock was proposed.The main principles are:static and/or dynamic loading types,determination of loading sources,characterisation of geological conditions and the effects of orientation of major structures with openings,estimation of ground loading factor,identification of potential primary and secondary failures,utilisation of appropriate design analysis methods,estimation of depth failure,calculation of the static and/or dynamic demand ground support capacity,and selection of surface and reinforcement elements.Gravitational force is the dominant loading force in low-level stresses.In high stress level failure mechanism becomes more complex in rock mass structures.In this condition,a variety of factors such as release of stored energy due to seismic events,stress concentration,and major structures influence on ground behaviour and judgement are very complicated.The key rock engineering schemes to minimise the risk of failures in high-stress levels at great depth involve depressurisation and quality control of materials.Microseismic and blast monitoring throughout the mining operations are required to control sudden failures.Proper excavation sequences in underground stopes based on top-down,bottom-up,centre-out and abutment-centre were discussed.Also,the performance of a ground support system was examined by field observation monitoring systems for controlling and modifying ground support elements.The important outcome of the research is that the proposed procedure of selecting ground support systems for static and dynamic situations was applied in several deep underground mines in Western Australia.Ground behaviour modes and failure mechanism were identified and assessed.Ground demand for static and dynamic conditions was estimated and an appropriate ground support system was selected and evaluated in site-specific conditions according to proposed method for ground support design at great depth.The stability of rock masses was confirmed,and the reliability of the design methodology for great depth and hard rock conditions was also justified.
文摘To predict rock burst in deep mining excavation in Linglong gold mine, systematical laboratory tests of mechanical properties of rock, in situ stress measurement and 3-D FEM analysis on energy distribution in rock mass surrounding deep mining rooms were carried out. According to various prediction criteria of rock burst, it is concluded that rock burst is liable to occur during deep mining excavation in the mine.
基金Project(51274023) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(FRF-BD-17-007A) supported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China
文摘In recent years, with the increase of the depth of open-pit mining, the pollution level has been on the rise due to harmful gases and dust occurring in the process of mining. In order to accelerate the diffusion of these air pollutants, the distributed regularity of the rock face temperature which is directly related to the air ventilation in deep open-pit mines should be studied. Here, we establish the key factors influencing the rock face temperature in a deep open-pit mine. We also present an empirical model of the rock face temperature variation in the deep open-pit mine, of which the performance is interestingly high compared with that of the field test. This study lays a foundation to study the ventilation thermodynamic theory in the deep open-pit mine, which is of great importance for theoretical studies and engineering applications of solving air pollution problem in deep open-pit mines.
基金This work was supported by the Pilot Seed Grant(Grant No.RES0049944)the Collaborative Research Project(Grant No.RES0043251)from the University of Alberta.
文摘Ore production is usually affected by multiple influencing inputs at open-pit mines.Nevertheless,the complex nonlinear relationships between these inputs and ore production remain unclear.This becomes even more challenging when training data(e.g.truck haulage information and weather conditions)are massive.In machine learning(ML)algorithms,deep neural network(DNN)is a superior method for processing nonlinear and massive data by adjusting the amount of neurons and hidden layers.This study adopted DNN to forecast ore production using truck haulage information and weather conditions at open-pit mines as training data.Before the prediction models were built,principal component analysis(PCA)was employed to reduce the data dimensionality and eliminate the multicollinearity among highly correlated input variables.To verify the superiority of DNN,three ANNs containing only one hidden layer and six traditional ML models were established as benchmark models.The DNN model with multiple hidden layers performed better than the ANN models with a single hidden layer.The DNN model outperformed the extensively applied benchmark models in predicting ore production.This can provide engineers and researchers with an accurate method to forecast ore production,which helps make sound budgetary decisions and mine planning at open-pit mines.
文摘Jinchuan nickel mine is the largest nickel mine in China. Cut-and-fill mining method with high density cementing materials is used in the mine. The original mining design divided the mining operation into two steps. The first step stopped the mining rooms and the second step stopped the pillars. Because the two-step method made big trouble for finally mining pillars and strongly limited the mining speed and production, it was successfully changed to a continuous cut-and-fill method without pillars. However, the mining operation in the mine has been down to 800 m and the mining condition is getting worse and more complicated. Through systematical field investigations and 3-D FEM analysis, it is proved that the mining method without pillars is feasible for mining deeper orebodies in Jinchuan nickel mine.
基金supported by the Major Project of the National Basic Research Program of China (No2006CB202200)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Uni-versity (NoNCET07-0800)the Special Fund for Basic Research and Operating Expenses of the China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing and the Academician workstation in enterprise of Jiangsu Province (No.BM2009563)
文摘Pump chambers, normally used as dominant structures in mining engineering to insure the safety and production of un-derground coal mines, become generally deformed under conditions of deep mining. Given the geology and engineering condition of Qishan Coal Mine in Xuzhou, the failure characteristics of pump chambers at the –1000 m level show that the main cause can be attributed to the spatial effect induced by intersectional chambers, where one pump is constructed per well. We developed an opti-mized design of the pump room, in which the pump wells in the traditional design are integrated into one compounding well. We suggest that the new design can limit the spatial effect of intersectional chambers during construction given our relevant numerical simulation. The new design is able to simplify the structure of the pump chamber and reduce the amount of excavation required. Based on a bolt-mesh-anchor with a rigid gap coupling supporting technology, the stability of pump chamber can be improved greatly.
文摘Deep Underground Science and Engineering(DUSE)is pleased to present this special issue on Groundwater and Stability in Deep Mining.As mining operations progress to greater depths to meet the growing global demand for mineral resources and energy,the challenges associated with groundwater control and rock mass stability have grown increasingly critical.These challenges are exacerbated by complex geological conditions,structural heterogeneity,and intense mining-induced disturbances.This special issue seeks to address these challenges by showcasing cutting-edge research and technological advancements in the field.
基金National science and technology signifi cant special(No.2024ZD1003406)Natural Science Research Project of Colleges and Universities in Anhui Province(No.2024AH050374)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52274071).
文摘The advancement of intelligent mining in open-pit operations has imposed higher demands on geological transparency,aiming to provide a robust foundation for intelligent drilling and charging.In this study,a linear array of 120 nodal seismometers was deployed along the surfaces of the C8 and C9 platforms at Fenghuang Mountain to investigate cavities within the rock mass and prevent improper intelligent charging.The seismometers were 1 m apart along measurement lines,with a 2-m spacing between lines,and the monitoring time for each line was set at 2 h.This deployment was paired with spatial autocorrelation and station autocorrelation to analyze ambient noise seismic data and image the velocity and structure within the rock mass.The results demonstrate that the locations and sizes of cavities or loose structures can be accurately identified at the prepared excavation site.Compared with traditional geological exploration methods for openpit mines,the approach in this study off ers higher accuracy,greater efficiency,reduced labor intensity,and insensitivity to water conditions.Ambient noise seismic imaging for detecting adverse geological conditions in open-pit mines provides critical insights and references for intelligent mining advancements.
文摘Shear strain energy is a pivotal physical quantity in the occurrence of earthquakes and rockbursts during deep mining operations.This research is focused on understanding the changes in shear strain energy in the context of retreating longwall mining,which is essential for the optimized design and mitigation of rockbursts and seismic events.Through the application of innovative analytical models,this study expands its analytical range to include the variations in shear strain energy caused by fault coseismic slip.An integrated methodology is utilized,taking into account the changes in coseismic and fault friction parameters as well as enhancements in mining-induced stress and existing background stresses.Our numerical investigation highlights the significance of mining location and fault characteristics as key determinants of shear strain energy modifications.The analysis demonstrates significant spatial variability in shear strain energy,especially noting that fault slip near the mining face greatly increases the likelihood of rockburst.This finding emphasizes the need to integrate fault coseismic slip dynamics into the triggering factors of rock(coal)bursts,thus broadening the theoretical foundation for addressing geological hazards in deep mining operations.The results are further corroborated by observational data from the vicinity of the F16 fault zone,introducing the concept of mining-induced fault coseismic slip as an essential element in the theoretical framework for understanding rockburst triggers.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(Grant No.52425403)。
文摘Mineral resources exploitation moving deeper into the earth is an inevitable trend with economic and social development.However,the deep high temperature poses a significant challenge to the safety and efficiency of human and machine.The prevention of potential thermal risks in deep mining is critical.Here,the key and difficult issues of humanmachine-environment temperature monitoring are discussed according to the characteristics of deep hightemperature environment.Then,a monitoring and analysis method of human-machine-environment temperature field suitable for deep high-temperature mining areas is proposed.This method covers humanmachine-environment temperature monitoring,data storage and transmission,data processing,results visualization,and thermal risks warning.The monitoring sensor networks are constructed to collect real-time data of miners,machines,and environments.The data is transmitted to the central processing system for storage and analysis using both wired and wireless transmission technologies.Moreover,digital filtering and Kriging interpolation algorithms are applied to denoise and handle outliers in the monitored data,as well as to calculate the temperature field.The temperature prediction model is constructed using Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)method.Finally,potential thermal risks are identified by combining real-time monitoring and prediction results,thereby guiding management personnels and miners to take appropriate measures.The proposed monitoring and analysis method can be applied to deep mines that affected by high temperature.It not only provides data and methodological support for assessing thermal risks in mines,but also offers scientific basis for optimizing mining operations and implementing safety measures.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFC1504802)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52074042)。
文摘Taking the Pusa Collapse in Nayong County,Guizhou Province,China as a case study,this paper investigates the impact of multi-layer coal mining on karst mountains characterized by deep fissures.Based on field investigations and employing discrete element numerical simulations,the deformation and failure mechanisms of karst mountain containing deep and large fissures under multi-seam mining conditions was investigated.The influence of the direction of coal seam extraction and the sequence of extraction between multiple coal seams on the failure modes of karst mountain with deep and large fissures was studied.The results indicate that underground mining primarily manifests in the development of mininginduced fissures in the mountain body,subsidence and deformation of slope masses,and triggering the expansion of existing fissures,further driving overall deformation and damage to the slopes.Deep and large fissures control the deformation and failure modes of the slopes,with closer and longer deep and large fissures near the slope surface exerting greater influence on the slope mass.The impact of mining in the same coal seam direction on the slopes is mainly reflected in the process of slope deformation and failure.Downslope mining directly leads to overall subsidence of the slope mass,squeezing the front and lower parts of the slope mass.Upslope mining initially causes the foot of the slope to sink and the entire slope mass to move outward,and continuous mining leads to overall settlement and downward compression deformation of the slope.The sequence of mining between multiple coal seams mainly affects the overall and local deformation values of the slope mass.Downward mining leads to increased overall subsidence of the slope mass and exacerbates the backward tilt of the slope top.
基金financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2024YFC2815400)the Young Taishan Scholars Program(No.TSQN202507107)+1 种基金the Shandong Natural Science Foundation(No.ZR2025MS647)the European Commission(HORIZON MSCA-2024-PF-01,101200637).
文摘1.Introduction The global transition to green energy has created an unprecedented demand for critical metals and energy resources such as cobalt,nickel,copper,manganese,rare earth elements,and gas hydrates.Against this strategic backdrop,deep-sea mineral and energy resources are increasingly viewed as essential supplements to terrestrial supply bottlenecks and as strategic safeguards for the future low-carbon economy.The international seabed forms a vast strategic resource of global significance,offering great potential to support energy transition and security.Therefore,under sound scientific evaluation and strict regulation,prudent development of this resource should serve both economic needs and the broader goals of sustainable energy transformation[1].
文摘To solve the problems appeared in mining process of No.2 seam, the ascending stress-releasing mining method was adopted. Studying on the reasonable layout of actual mining roadway in upper coal seams is the precondition of successful ascending mining. By using ＂device of leak measuring by blocking up double ends＂, it detected the height of overburden water flowing fractured zone originated from sub-coal seams mining. Thus it proved that the actual mining roadway of No.2 upper ascending seam was located in the smooth sagging zone. On the basis of analyzing the stress-releasing effect of sub-coal seams mining to upper coal seams by using RFPA software, it analyzed the stability of up-face coal seams and the reasonable location of starting cut in up-face coal seams. It also analyzed the reasonable gateway location in upper coal seams, which ensured the crossheading in upper coal seams out of the effect of sub-coal work face mining by using theory of underground pressure. Meanwhile, the reasonable pillars dimensions in upper coal seams by building the structure mechanics model of stope were researched. It can make the roadway driven along next goaf to be located in low stress zone, and be beneficial to keeping roads stable owing to less stress of surrounding rock. Finally, it tested the rationality of the layout method of roads in upper coal seams by engineering field measurement in 3221 working face.
文摘The rapid growth of biomedical data,particularly multi-omics data including genomes,transcriptomics,proteomics,metabolomics,and epigenomics,medical research and clinical decision-making confront both new opportunities and obstacles.The huge and diversified nature of these datasets cannot always be managed using traditional data analysis methods.As a consequence,deep learning has emerged as a strong tool for analysing numerous omics data due to its ability to handle complex and non-linear relationships.This paper explores the fundamental concepts of deep learning and how they are used in multi-omics medical data mining.We demonstrate how autoencoders,variational autoencoders,multimodal models,attention mechanisms,transformers,and graph neural networks enable pattern analysis and recognition across all omics data.Deep learning has been found to be effective in illness classification,biomarker identification,gene network learning,and therapeutic efficacy prediction.We also consider critical problems like as data quality,model explainability,whether findings can be repeated,and computational power requirements.We now consider future elements of combining omics with clinical and imaging data,explainable AI,federated learning,and real-time diagnostics.Overall,this study emphasises the need of collaborating across disciplines to advance deep learning-based multi-omics research for precision medicine and comprehending complicated disorders.
