Combining water electrolysis and rechargeable battery technologies into a single system holds great promise for the co-production of hydrogen (H_(2)) and electricity.However,the design and development of such systems ...Combining water electrolysis and rechargeable battery technologies into a single system holds great promise for the co-production of hydrogen (H_(2)) and electricity.However,the design and development of such systems is still in its infancy.Herein,an integrated hydrogen-oxygen (O_(2))-electricity co-production system featuring a bipolar membrane-assisted decoupled electrolyzer and a Na-Zn ion battery was established with sodium nickelhexacyanoferrate (NaNiHCF) and Zn^(2+)/Zn as dual redox electrodes.The decoupled electrolyzer enables to produce H_(2)and O_(2)in different time and space with almost 100%Faradaic efficiency at 100 mA cm^(-2).Then,the charged NaNiHCF and Zn electrodes after the electrolysis processes formed a Na-Zn ion battery,which can generate electricity with an average cell voltage of 1.75 V at 10 m A cm^(-2).By connecting Si photovoltaics with the modular electrochemical device,a well-matched solar driven system was built to convert the intermittent solar energy into hydrogen and electric energy with a solar to hydrogen-electricity efficiency of 16.7%,demonstrating the flexible storage and conversion of renewables.展开更多
Real-time sensory signal monitoring systems are crucial for continuous health tracking and enhancing human-interface technologies in virtual reality/augmented reality applications.Recent advancements in micro/nanofabr...Real-time sensory signal monitoring systems are crucial for continuous health tracking and enhancing human-interface technologies in virtual reality/augmented reality applications.Recent advancements in micro/nanofabrication technologies have enabled wearable and implantable sensors to achieve sufficient sensitivity for measuring subtle sensory signals,while integration with wireless communication technologies allows for real-time monitoring and closed-loop user feedback.However,highly sensitive sensing materials face challenges,as their detection results can easily be altered by external factors such as bending,temperature,and humidity.This review discusses methods for decoupling various stimuli and their applications in human interfaces.We cover the latest advancements in decoupled systems,including the design of sensing materials using micro/nanostructured materials,3-dimensional(3D)sensory system architectures,and Artificial intelligence(AI)-based signal decoupling processing techniques.Additionally,we highlight key applications in robotics,wearable,and implantable health monitoring made possible by these decoupled systems.Finally,we suggest future research directions to address the remaining challenges of developing decoupled artificial sensory systems that are resilient to external stimuli.展开更多
Hydrothermal treatment of cellulose is a promising green route for bioenergy and biochemical production,yet it requires investigation of the underlying mechanisms.In this study,the effects of cellulose crystallinity a...Hydrothermal treatment of cellulose is a promising green route for bioenergy and biochemical production,yet it requires investigation of the underlying mechanisms.In this study,the effects of cellulose crystallinity and decoupled temperature and pressure conditions on cellulose conversion and product distribution were investigated.Microcrystalline cellulose was ball-milled for varying durations,leading to a reduction in crystallinity,with 4 h of milling sufficient to achieve near-complete amorphization.Unlike concurrent recrystallization and hydrolysis observed under autogenous pressure,decoupled conditions significantly accelerated hydrolysis of cellulose.Notably,lower crystallinity cellulose exhibited significant improvements in glucose and 5-HMF yields,with 4-h ball milling showing optimal performance among all samples.Furthermore,carbon sub-micron spheres were largely produced,which were confirmed via PTFE encapsulation experiments to primarily consist of secondary char deriving from re-polymerization and condensation reactions of the liquid phase.Overall,this study demonstrates that lower crystallinity not only facilitates hydrolysis but also accelerates the carbonization processes under decoupled pressure conditions,highlighting its potential for efficient biomass conversion into valuable products.展开更多
The performance of polymer electrolytes in lithium metal batteries(LMBs)is often hindered by strong Li^(+)-ligand coordination,which leads to tightly bound solvation shells and restricts ion transport by coupling it t...The performance of polymer electrolytes in lithium metal batteries(LMBs)is often hindered by strong Li^(+)-ligand coordination,which leads to tightly bound solvation shells and restricts ion transport by coupling it to polymer segmental motion.In this study,a low-content ionic plasticizer additive1-butyl-3-dimethylimidazolium bromide(BMImBr)was introduced into the PVDF-HFP/LiTFSI/DMF matrix to modulate the Li^(+)solvation environment.Unlike conventional dual-salt systems,the introduced Br-anions dynamically compete for Li^(+)coordination,disrupting the rigid Li^(+)-TFSI^(-)/DMF solvation shell and constructing a"statistically labile and diffuse ionic cloud"characterized by reduced coordination numbers,weakened binding energies,and a more diffuse electrostatic potential landscape.This restructured solvation environment facilitates partially decoupled Li^(+)transport,as evidenced by dielectric spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations.Furthermore,the in situ formation of a LiBr-rich solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)effectively stabilizes the Li-metal interface and significantly reduces interfacial resistance.As a result,the optimized polymer electrolyte delivers outstanding electrochemical performance,achieving a high ionic conductivity of 0.8×10^(-4) S/cm,ultra-stable symmetric cell cycling over 500 h,and superior capacity retention exceeding 94%after 150 cycles at 0.5 C.This study elucidates a dynamic ion transport mechanism driven by competitive anion coordination and provides a viable strategy for simultaneously addressing the conductivity-stability trade-off in solid-state lithium metal batteries.展开更多
In actual power systems,most of the high-voltage buses of the transformers are zero injection buses without load or generation.Power injections into these buses are strictly 0,so based on Kirchhoff's current law(K...In actual power systems,most of the high-voltage buses of the transformers are zero injection buses without load or generation.Power injections into these buses are strictly 0,so based on Kirchhoff's current law(KCL),equality constraints should be used to handle these buses in a state estimation model.It is a challenge to ensure that these zero injection constraints can be strictly satisfied without losing computational efficiency.展开更多
By the modem time series analysis method, based on the autoregressive moving average （ARMA） innovation models and white noise estimation theory, using the optimal fusion rule weighted by diagonal matrices, a distrib...By the modem time series analysis method, based on the autoregressive moving average （ARMA） innovation models and white noise estimation theory, using the optimal fusion rule weighted by diagonal matrices, a distributed descriptor Wiener state fuser is presented by weighting the local Wiener state estimators for the linear discrete stochastic descriptor systems with multisensor. It realizes a decoupled fusion estimation for state components. In order to compute the optimal weights, the formulas of computing the cross-covariances among local estimation errors are presented based on cross-covariances among the local innovation processes, input white noise, and measurement white noises. It can handle the fused filtering, smoothing, and prediction problems in a unified framework. Its accuracy is higher than that of each local estimator. A Monte Carlo simulation example shows its effectiveness and correctness.展开更多
The in-phase and quadrature-phase imbalance (IQI) is one of the major radio frequency impairments existing in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems with direct-conversion transceivers. During the t...The in-phase and quadrature-phase imbalance (IQI) is one of the major radio frequency impairments existing in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems with direct-conversion transceivers. During the transmission of the communication signal, the impact of IQI is coupled with channel impulse responses (CIR), which makes the traditional channel estimation schemes ineffective. A decoupled estimation scheme is proposed to separately estimate the frequency-dependent IQI and wireless channel. Firstly, the generalized channel model is built to separate the parameters of IQI and wireless channel. Then an iterative estimation scheme of frequency-dependent IQI is designed at the initial stage of communication. Finally, based on the estimation result of IQI, the least square algorithm is utilized to estimate the channel-related parameters at each time of channel variation. Compared with the joint estimation schemes of IQI and channel, the proposed decoupled estimation scheme requires much lower training overhead at each time of channel variation. Simulation results demonstrate the good estimation performance of the proposed scheme.展开更多
Cerium is one of multivalent rear earth elements, which can transfer from trivalence to tretavalence at oxidizing environment. This process may cause variable degrees of fractionation of Ce from other trivalent rear e...Cerium is one of multivalent rear earth elements, which can transfer from trivalence to tretavalence at oxidizing environment. This process may cause variable degrees of fractionation of Ce from other trivalent rear earth elements, and thus may provide specific insight into the geological processes associated with marked redoxomorphism. Multiple geochemical tracing of Sr-Nd-Ce isotopes are performed on the felsic and mafic intrusives of the Neoproterozoic（~800 Ma） Huangling complex located at the eastern Three Gorges, South China. The intrusive rocks exclusively show various extents of negative Ce anomalies. On the εCe-εNd plot, most samples from the mafic intrusions scatter within the second quadrant, whereas those from the felsic intrusions within the fourth Quadrant. Both of the two groups exhibit relatively large range of ？Ce（t） variation but limited ？Nd（t） range, which cause a deviation from the ＂crustal array＂ and reveal a decoupled Nd-Ce isotope correlation. The intermediate-felsic suite have varied Ce/Ce＊ ratios but broadly proximate εCe（t） values, indicating that their negative Ce anomalies were generated during the magmatism; on the contrary, a positive correlation between εCe（t） and Ce/Ce＊ is observed for the intermediate-mafic suite, an indication of an origin of post-magmatic alteration or metamorphism for their Ce anomalies. Calculation of model age, the occurrence age of negative Ce anomalies（TCe） for the intermediate-mafic samples infers that the alteration events took place 〉350 Ma. Data showed that negative Ce anomalies of the felsic intrusions may reflect an increase of oxygen fugacity during magma ascending, rather than an inheritance from their source rocks. This explanation implies that the Neoproterozoic magmatism occurred at the continental nucleus of the Yangtze block were developing at a geodynamic context of rapidly regional uplifting.展开更多
The past decade has witnessed the rapid increasement in power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,serious ion migration hampers their operational stability.Although dopants composed of varied...The past decade has witnessed the rapid increasement in power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,serious ion migration hampers their operational stability.Although dopants composed of varied cations and anions are introduced into perovskite to suppress ion migration,the impact of cations or anions is not individually explored,which hinders the evaluation of different cations and further application of doping strategy.Here we report that a special group of sulfonic anions(like CF_(3)SO_(3)^(-))successfully introduce alkaline earth ions(like Ca^(2+))into perovskite lattice compared to its halide counterparts.Furthermore,with effective crystallization regulation and defect passivation of sulfonic anions,perovskite with Ca(CF_(3)SO_(3))_(2)shows reduced PbI2 residue and metallic Pb0 defects;thereby,corresponding PSCs show an enhanced PCE of 24.95%.Finally by comparing the properties of perovskite with Ca(CF_(3)SO_(3))_(2)and FACF_(3)SO_(3),we found that doped Ca^(2+)significantly suppressed halide migration with an activation energy of 1.246 eV which accounts for the improved operational stability of Ca(CF_(3)SO_(3))_(2-)doped PSCs,while no obvious impact of Ca^(2+)on trap density is observed.Combining the benefits of cations and anions,this study presents an effective method to decouple the effects of cations and anions and fabricate efficient and stable PSCs.展开更多
Multiple functional metasurfaces with high information capacity have attracted considerable attention from researchers.This study proposes a 2-bit tunable spin-decoupled coded metasurface designed for the terahertz ba...Multiple functional metasurfaces with high information capacity have attracted considerable attention from researchers.This study proposes a 2-bit tunable spin-decoupled coded metasurface designed for the terahertz band,which utilizes the tunable properties of Dirac semimetals(DSM)to create a novel multilayer structure.By incorporating both geometric and propagating phases into the metasurface design,we can effectively control the electromagnetic wave.When the Fermi level(EF)of the DSM is set at 6 meV,the electromagnetic wave is manipulated by the gold patch embedded in the DSM film,operating at a frequency of 1.3 THz.When the EF of the DSM is set at 80 meV,the electromagnetic wave is manipulated by the DSM patch,operating at a frequency of 1.4 THz.Both modes enable independent control of beam splitting under left-rotating circularly polarized(LCP)and rightrotating circularly polarized(RCP)wave excitation,resulting in the generation of vortex beams with distinct orbital angular momentum(OAM)modes.The findings of this study hold significant potential for enhancing information capacity and polarization multiplexing techniques in wireless communications.展开更多
Enforcing initial and boundary conditions(I/BCs)poses challenges in physics-informed neural networks(PINNs).Several PINN studies have gained significant achievements in developing techniques for imposing BCs in static...Enforcing initial and boundary conditions(I/BCs)poses challenges in physics-informed neural networks(PINNs).Several PINN studies have gained significant achievements in developing techniques for imposing BCs in static problems;however,the simultaneous enforcement of I/BCs in dynamic problems remains challenging.To overcome this limitation,a novel approach called decoupled physics-informed neural network(d PINN)is proposed in this work.The d PINN operates based on the core idea of converting a partial differential equation(PDE)to a system of ordinary differential equations(ODEs)via the space-time decoupled formulation.To this end,the latent solution is expressed in the form of a linear combination of approximation functions and coefficients,where approximation functions are admissible and coefficients are unknowns of time that must be solved.Subsequently,the system of ODEs is obtained by implementing the weighted-residual form of the original PDE over the spatial domain.A multi-network structure is used to parameterize the set of coefficient functions,and the loss function of d PINN is established based on minimizing the residuals of the gained ODEs.In this scheme,the decoupled formulation leads to the independent handling of I/BCs.Accordingly,the BCs are automatically satisfied based on suitable selections of admissible functions.Meanwhile,the original ICs are replaced by the Galerkin form of the ICs concerning unknown coefficients,and the neural network(NN)outputs are modified to satisfy the gained ICs.Several benchmark problems involving different types of PDEs and I/BCs are used to demonstrate the superior performance of d PINN compared with regular PINN in terms of solution accuracy and computational cost.展开更多
Smart grid substation operations often take place in hazardous environments and pose significant threats to the safety of power personnel.Relying solely on manual supervision can lead to inadequate oversight.In respon...Smart grid substation operations often take place in hazardous environments and pose significant threats to the safety of power personnel.Relying solely on manual supervision can lead to inadequate oversight.In response to the demand for technology to identify improper operations in substation work scenarios,this paper proposes a substation safety action recognition technology to avoid the misoperation and enhance the safety management.In general,this paper utilizes a dual-branch transformer network to extract spatial and temporal information from the video dataset of operational behaviors in complex substation environments.Firstly,in order to capture the spatial-temporal correlation of people's behaviors in smart grid substation,we devise a sparse attention module and a segmented linear attention module that are embedded into spatial branch transformer and temporal branch transformer respectively.To avoid the redundancy of spatial and temporal information,we fuse the temporal and spatial features using a tensor decomposition fusion module by a decoupled manner.Experimental results indicate that our proposed method accurately detects improper operational behaviors in substation work scenarios,outperforming other existing methods in terms of detection and recognition accuracy.展开更多
Research indicates that microbe activity within the human body significantly influences health by being closely linked to various diseases.Accurately predicting microbe-disease interactions(MDIs)offers critical insigh...Research indicates that microbe activity within the human body significantly influences health by being closely linked to various diseases.Accurately predicting microbe-disease interactions(MDIs)offers critical insights for disease intervention and pharmaceutical research.Current advanced AI-based technologies automatically generate robust representations of microbes and diseases,enabling effective MDI predictions.However,these models continue to face significant challenges.A major issue is their reliance on complex feature extractors and classifiers,which substantially diminishes the models’generalizability.To address this,we introduce a novel graph autoencoder framework that utilizes decoupled representation learning and multi-scale information fusion strategies to efficiently infer potential MDIs.Initially,we randomly mask portions of the input microbe-disease graph based on Bernoulli distribution to boost self-supervised training and minimize noise-related performance degradation.Secondly,we employ decoupled representation learning technology,compelling the graph neural network(GNN)to independently learn the weights for each feature subspace,thus enhancing its expressive power.Finally,we implement multi-scale information fusion technology to amalgamate the multi-layer outputs of GNN,reducing information loss due to occlusion.Extensive experiments on public datasets demonstrate that our model significantly surpasses existing top MDI prediction models.This indicates that our model can accurately predict unknown MDIs and is likely to aid in disease discovery and precision pharmaceutical research.Code and data are accessible at:https://github.com/shmildsj/MDI-IFDRL.展开更多
Dynamical decoupling(DD),usually implemented by sophisticated sequences of instantaneous control pulses,is a well-established quantum control technique for quantum information and quantum sensing.In practice,the pulse...Dynamical decoupling(DD),usually implemented by sophisticated sequences of instantaneous control pulses,is a well-established quantum control technique for quantum information and quantum sensing.In practice,the pulses are inevitably imperfect with many systematic errors that may influence the performances of DD.In particular,Rabi error and detuning are primary systemic errors arising from finite pulse duration,incorrect time control,and frequency instability.Here,we propose a phase-modulated DD with staggered global phases for the basic units of the pulse sequences to suppress these systemic errors.By varying the global phases appended to the pulses in the dynamical decoupling unit alternatively with 0 orπ,our protocol can significantly reduce the influences of Rabi error and detuning.Our protocol is general and can be combined with the most existing DD sequences such as universal DD,knill DD,XY,etc.As an example,we further apply our method to quantum lock-in detection for measuring time-dependent alternating signals.Our study paves the way for a simple and feasible way to realize robust dynamical decoupling sequences,which can be applicable for various quantum sensing scenarios.展开更多
In weak field limits,we compute the deflection angle of a gravitational decoupling extended black hole(BH)solution.We obtained the Gaussian optical curvature by examining the null geodesic equations with the help of G...In weak field limits,we compute the deflection angle of a gravitational decoupling extended black hole(BH)solution.We obtained the Gaussian optical curvature by examining the null geodesic equations with the help of Gauss-Bonnet theorem(GBT).We also looked into the deflection angle of light by a black hole in weak field limits with the use of the Gibbons-Werner method.We verify the graphical behavior of the black hole after determining the deflection angle of light.Additionally,in the presence of the plasma medium,we also determine the deflection angle of the light and examine its graphical behavior.Furthermore,we compute the Einstein ring via gravitational decoupling extended black hole solution.We also compute the quasi-periodic oscillations and discuss their graphical behavior.展开更多
This work addresses the cut order planning(COP)problem for multi-color garment production,which is the first step in the clothing industry.First,a multi-objective optimization model of multicolor COP(MCOP)is establish...This work addresses the cut order planning(COP)problem for multi-color garment production,which is the first step in the clothing industry.First,a multi-objective optimization model of multicolor COP(MCOP)is established with production error and production cost as optimization objectives,combined with constraints such as the number of equipment and the number of layers.Second,a decoupled multi-objective optimization algorithm(DMOA)is proposed based on the linear programming decoupling strategy and non-dominated sorting in genetic algorithmsⅡ(NSGAII).The size-combination matrix and the fabric-layer matrix are decoupled to improve the accuracy of the algorithm.Meanwhile,an improved NSGAII algorithm is designed to obtain the optimal Pareto solution to the MCOP problem,thereby constructing a practical intelligent production optimization algorithm.Finally,the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed DMOA are verified through practical cases and comparative experiments,which can effectively optimize the production process for garment enterprises.展开更多
By using a reconstruction procedure of conservation laws of different models,the deformation algorithm proposed by Lou,Hao and Jia has been used to a new application such that a decoupled system becomes a coupled one....By using a reconstruction procedure of conservation laws of different models,the deformation algorithm proposed by Lou,Hao and Jia has been used to a new application such that a decoupled system becomes a coupled one.Using the new application to some decoupled systems such as the decoupled dispersionless Korteweg–de Vries(Kd V)systems related to dispersionless waves,the decoupled KdV systems related to dispersion waves,the decoupled KdV and Burgers systems related to the linear dispersion and diffusion effects,and the decoupled KdV and Harry–Dym(HD)systems related to the linear and nonlinear dispersion effects,we have obtained various new types of higher dimensional integrable coupled systems.The new models can be used to describe the interactions among different nonlinear waves and/or different effects including the dispersionless waves(dispersionless KdV waves),the linear dispersion waves(KdV waves),the nonlinear dispersion waves(HD waves)and the diffusion effect.The method can be applied to couple all different separated integrable models.展开更多
This study focuses on a new and high-efficiency approach in a unified sense of accurately simulating strength-degrading effects for geomaterials,including non-symmetric hardening-to-softening effects in tension and co...This study focuses on a new and high-efficiency approach in a unified sense of accurately simulating strength-degrading effects for geomaterials,including non-symmetric hardening-to-softening effects in tension and compression as well as non-symmetric tensile and compressive stiffness-degrading effects during unloading.It is intended to bypass both modeling and numerical complexities involved in existing approaches.To this goal,new elastoplastic equations are established with new numerical techniques.With a decoupling technique of treating tension-compression asymmetry,the foregoing complex effects are automatically incorporated as inherent response features of the new elastoplastic equations,thus bypassing usual modeling complexities.A new numerical technique of renormalizing piecewise spline functions is introduced to resolve the central yet tough issue of obtaining accurate and unified expressions for the tensile and compressive strength functions,thus bypassing usual numerical complexities and uncertainties in treating numerous unknown parameters and multiple ad hoc criteria.As such,the new approach is not only of wide applicability for various geomaterials but also of high computational efficiency with no more than three adjustable parameters.Toward validating the efficacy of the new approach,numerical examples for granite,salt rock,and sandstone-concrete combined body as well as plain concrete,high-performance concrete,and ultrahigh-performance concrete are presented by comparing model predictions with multiple data sets for strength-degrading effects in tension and compression.展开更多
Early fault detection for spiral bevel gears is crucial to ensure normal operation and prevent accidents.The harmonic components,excited by the time-varying mesh stiffness,always appear in measured vibration signal.Ho...Early fault detection for spiral bevel gears is crucial to ensure normal operation and prevent accidents.The harmonic components,excited by the time-varying mesh stiffness,always appear in measured vibration signal.How to extract the periodical impulses that indicate gear localized fault buried in the intensive noise and interfered by harmonics is a challenging task.In this paper,a novel Periodical Sparse-Assisted Decoupling(PSAD)method is proposed as an optimization problem to extract fault feature from noisy vibration signal.The PSAD method decouples the impulsive fault feature and harmonic components based on the sparse representation method.The sparsity within and across groups property and the periodicity of the fault feature are incorporated into the regularizer as the prior information.The nonconvex penalty is employed to highlight the sparsity of fault features.Meanwhile,the weight factor based on2norm of each group is constructed to strengthen the amplitude of fault feature.An iterative algorithm with Majorization-Minimization(MM)is derived to solve the optimization problem.Simulation study and experimental analysis confirm the performance of the proposed PSAD method in extracting and enhancing defect impulses from noisy signal.The suggested method surpasses other comparative methods in extracting and enhancing fault features.展开更多
In this paper,a precise and computationally efficient method for estimating multiparameter of permanent magnet synchronous motors(PMSMs)is proposed.This method can realize decoupling estimation with a small amount of ...In this paper,a precise and computationally efficient method for estimating multiparameter of permanent magnet synchronous motors(PMSMs)is proposed.This method can realize decoupling estimation with a small amount of data at a single speed,and considers the inductance correlation to improve the estimation accuracy.The saturation in the stator frame is first modeled,and then the related inductance model in the rotating frame is derived.The estimation model is established based on the related inductance model,which is modeled by polynomials of d-axis current(I_(d))for a given q-axis current(I_(q)).Then,the influence of permanent magnet(PM)flux linkage on inductance estimation can be eliminated by using the partial derivative of the correlated inductance model.The estimation model fully explores the inductance correlation and can realize the decoupling of PM flux linkage(λ_(0))and inductance,which greatly improves the inductance estimation accuracy,especially when Id is small.Moreover,this paper realizes the estimation of distortion voltage,PM flux linkage,and stator resistance based on the derived electrical model and mechanical model.Compared with the existing method,this method can use a small amount of data at a single speed to model voltage,which can effectively reduce the influence of measurement noise and improve the calculation efficiency.Experimental verification on a laboratory PMSM prototype shows that the method’s performance of the proposed method is better than existing methods under various working conditions.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52488201, 52076177, and 52476222)China National Key Research and Development Plan Project (No. 2021YFF0500503)+1 种基金Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi (No. 2024GH-YBXM-02)China Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘Combining water electrolysis and rechargeable battery technologies into a single system holds great promise for the co-production of hydrogen (H_(2)) and electricity.However,the design and development of such systems is still in its infancy.Herein,an integrated hydrogen-oxygen (O_(2))-electricity co-production system featuring a bipolar membrane-assisted decoupled electrolyzer and a Na-Zn ion battery was established with sodium nickelhexacyanoferrate (NaNiHCF) and Zn^(2+)/Zn as dual redox electrodes.The decoupled electrolyzer enables to produce H_(2)and O_(2)in different time and space with almost 100%Faradaic efficiency at 100 mA cm^(-2).Then,the charged NaNiHCF and Zn electrodes after the electrolysis processes formed a Na-Zn ion battery,which can generate electricity with an average cell voltage of 1.75 V at 10 m A cm^(-2).By connecting Si photovoltaics with the modular electrochemical device,a well-matched solar driven system was built to convert the intermittent solar energy into hydrogen and electric energy with a solar to hydrogen-electricity efficiency of 16.7%,demonstrating the flexible storage and conversion of renewables.
基金funding from the Alchemist Project Program(Grant No.RS-2024-00422269)Technology Innovation Program(Grant No.RS-2024-00443121)+1 种基金supported by the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE,Korea)support by a National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIP,Ministry of Science,ICT&Future Planning,Grant Nos.NRF-2022R1A4A3032913 and RS-2024-00411904).
文摘Real-time sensory signal monitoring systems are crucial for continuous health tracking and enhancing human-interface technologies in virtual reality/augmented reality applications.Recent advancements in micro/nanofabrication technologies have enabled wearable and implantable sensors to achieve sufficient sensitivity for measuring subtle sensory signals,while integration with wireless communication technologies allows for real-time monitoring and closed-loop user feedback.However,highly sensitive sensing materials face challenges,as their detection results can easily be altered by external factors such as bending,temperature,and humidity.This review discusses methods for decoupling various stimuli and their applications in human interfaces.We cover the latest advancements in decoupled systems,including the design of sensing materials using micro/nanostructured materials,3-dimensional(3D)sensory system architectures,and Artificial intelligence(AI)-based signal decoupling processing techniques.Additionally,we highlight key applications in robotics,wearable,and implantable health monitoring made possible by these decoupled systems.Finally,we suggest future research directions to address the remaining challenges of developing decoupled artificial sensory systems that are resilient to external stimuli.
基金The financial support from the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(JQ24053)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52276202)+3 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(202403021211024,202403021212148)Yunnan Major Scientific and Technological Projects(202302AQ370003)Huaneng Group Science and Technology Research Project(HNKJ23-H71)Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program are gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Hydrothermal treatment of cellulose is a promising green route for bioenergy and biochemical production,yet it requires investigation of the underlying mechanisms.In this study,the effects of cellulose crystallinity and decoupled temperature and pressure conditions on cellulose conversion and product distribution were investigated.Microcrystalline cellulose was ball-milled for varying durations,leading to a reduction in crystallinity,with 4 h of milling sufficient to achieve near-complete amorphization.Unlike concurrent recrystallization and hydrolysis observed under autogenous pressure,decoupled conditions significantly accelerated hydrolysis of cellulose.Notably,lower crystallinity cellulose exhibited significant improvements in glucose and 5-HMF yields,with 4-h ball milling showing optimal performance among all samples.Furthermore,carbon sub-micron spheres were largely produced,which were confirmed via PTFE encapsulation experiments to primarily consist of secondary char deriving from re-polymerization and condensation reactions of the liquid phase.Overall,this study demonstrates that lower crystallinity not only facilitates hydrolysis but also accelerates the carbonization processes under decoupled pressure conditions,highlighting its potential for efficient biomass conversion into valuable products.
基金the China Scholarship Council(CSC)for a doctoral scholarship(Grant Nos.202006310030,202108530138 and 202108530139)。
文摘The performance of polymer electrolytes in lithium metal batteries(LMBs)is often hindered by strong Li^(+)-ligand coordination,which leads to tightly bound solvation shells and restricts ion transport by coupling it to polymer segmental motion.In this study,a low-content ionic plasticizer additive1-butyl-3-dimethylimidazolium bromide(BMImBr)was introduced into the PVDF-HFP/LiTFSI/DMF matrix to modulate the Li^(+)solvation environment.Unlike conventional dual-salt systems,the introduced Br-anions dynamically compete for Li^(+)coordination,disrupting the rigid Li^(+)-TFSI^(-)/DMF solvation shell and constructing a"statistically labile and diffuse ionic cloud"characterized by reduced coordination numbers,weakened binding energies,and a more diffuse electrostatic potential landscape.This restructured solvation environment facilitates partially decoupled Li^(+)transport,as evidenced by dielectric spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations.Furthermore,the in situ formation of a LiBr-rich solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)effectively stabilizes the Li-metal interface and significantly reduces interfacial resistance.As a result,the optimized polymer electrolyte delivers outstanding electrochemical performance,achieving a high ionic conductivity of 0.8×10^(-4) S/cm,ultra-stable symmetric cell cycling over 500 h,and superior capacity retention exceeding 94%after 150 cycles at 0.5 C.This study elucidates a dynamic ion transport mechanism driven by competitive anion coordination and provides a viable strategy for simultaneously addressing the conductivity-stability trade-off in solid-state lithium metal batteries.
文摘In actual power systems,most of the high-voltage buses of the transformers are zero injection buses without load or generation.Power injections into these buses are strictly 0,so based on Kirchhoff's current law(KCL),equality constraints should be used to handle these buses in a state estimation model.It is a challenge to ensure that these zero injection constraints can be strictly satisfied without losing computational efficiency.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.60874063)the Innonvation Scientific Research Fundation for Graduate Students of Heilongjiang Province (No.YJSCX2008-018HLJ).
文摘By the modem time series analysis method, based on the autoregressive moving average （ARMA） innovation models and white noise estimation theory, using the optimal fusion rule weighted by diagonal matrices, a distributed descriptor Wiener state fuser is presented by weighting the local Wiener state estimators for the linear discrete stochastic descriptor systems with multisensor. It realizes a decoupled fusion estimation for state components. In order to compute the optimal weights, the formulas of computing the cross-covariances among local estimation errors are presented based on cross-covariances among the local innovation processes, input white noise, and measurement white noises. It can handle the fused filtering, smoothing, and prediction problems in a unified framework. Its accuracy is higher than that of each local estimator. A Monte Carlo simulation example shows its effectiveness and correctness.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(6140123261471200+4 种基金6150124861501254)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2014M561692)the Jiangsu Province Postdoctoral Science Foundation(1402087C)the NUPTSF(NY213063)
文摘The in-phase and quadrature-phase imbalance (IQI) is one of the major radio frequency impairments existing in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems with direct-conversion transceivers. During the transmission of the communication signal, the impact of IQI is coupled with channel impulse responses (CIR), which makes the traditional channel estimation schemes ineffective. A decoupled estimation scheme is proposed to separately estimate the frequency-dependent IQI and wireless channel. Firstly, the generalized channel model is built to separate the parameters of IQI and wireless channel. Then an iterative estimation scheme of frequency-dependent IQI is designed at the initial stage of communication. Finally, based on the estimation result of IQI, the least square algorithm is utilized to estimate the channel-related parameters at each time of channel variation. Compared with the joint estimation schemes of IQI and channel, the proposed decoupled estimation scheme requires much lower training overhead at each time of channel variation. Simulation results demonstrate the good estimation performance of the proposed scheme.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41373037, 41173048, 41503025)
文摘Cerium is one of multivalent rear earth elements, which can transfer from trivalence to tretavalence at oxidizing environment. This process may cause variable degrees of fractionation of Ce from other trivalent rear earth elements, and thus may provide specific insight into the geological processes associated with marked redoxomorphism. Multiple geochemical tracing of Sr-Nd-Ce isotopes are performed on the felsic and mafic intrusives of the Neoproterozoic（~800 Ma） Huangling complex located at the eastern Three Gorges, South China. The intrusive rocks exclusively show various extents of negative Ce anomalies. On the εCe-εNd plot, most samples from the mafic intrusions scatter within the second quadrant, whereas those from the felsic intrusions within the fourth Quadrant. Both of the two groups exhibit relatively large range of ？Ce（t） variation but limited ？Nd（t） range, which cause a deviation from the ＂crustal array＂ and reveal a decoupled Nd-Ce isotope correlation. The intermediate-felsic suite have varied Ce/Ce＊ ratios but broadly proximate εCe（t） values, indicating that their negative Ce anomalies were generated during the magmatism; on the contrary, a positive correlation between εCe（t） and Ce/Ce＊ is observed for the intermediate-mafic suite, an indication of an origin of post-magmatic alteration or metamorphism for their Ce anomalies. Calculation of model age, the occurrence age of negative Ce anomalies（TCe） for the intermediate-mafic samples infers that the alteration events took place 〉350 Ma. Data showed that negative Ce anomalies of the felsic intrusions may reflect an increase of oxygen fugacity during magma ascending, rather than an inheritance from their source rocks. This explanation implies that the Neoproterozoic magmatism occurred at the continental nucleus of the Yangtze block were developing at a geodynamic context of rapidly regional uplifting.
基金support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFE0137400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62274040).
文摘The past decade has witnessed the rapid increasement in power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,serious ion migration hampers their operational stability.Although dopants composed of varied cations and anions are introduced into perovskite to suppress ion migration,the impact of cations or anions is not individually explored,which hinders the evaluation of different cations and further application of doping strategy.Here we report that a special group of sulfonic anions(like CF_(3)SO_(3)^(-))successfully introduce alkaline earth ions(like Ca^(2+))into perovskite lattice compared to its halide counterparts.Furthermore,with effective crystallization regulation and defect passivation of sulfonic anions,perovskite with Ca(CF_(3)SO_(3))_(2)shows reduced PbI2 residue and metallic Pb0 defects;thereby,corresponding PSCs show an enhanced PCE of 24.95%.Finally by comparing the properties of perovskite with Ca(CF_(3)SO_(3))_(2)and FACF_(3)SO_(3),we found that doped Ca^(2+)significantly suppressed halide migration with an activation energy of 1.246 eV which accounts for the improved operational stability of Ca(CF_(3)SO_(3))_(2-)doped PSCs,while no obvious impact of Ca^(2+)on trap density is observed.Combining the benefits of cations and anions,this study presents an effective method to decouple the effects of cations and anions and fabricate efficient and stable PSCs.
文摘Multiple functional metasurfaces with high information capacity have attracted considerable attention from researchers.This study proposes a 2-bit tunable spin-decoupled coded metasurface designed for the terahertz band,which utilizes the tunable properties of Dirac semimetals(DSM)to create a novel multilayer structure.By incorporating both geometric and propagating phases into the metasurface design,we can effectively control the electromagnetic wave.When the Fermi level(EF)of the DSM is set at 6 meV,the electromagnetic wave is manipulated by the gold patch embedded in the DSM film,operating at a frequency of 1.3 THz.When the EF of the DSM is set at 80 meV,the electromagnetic wave is manipulated by the DSM patch,operating at a frequency of 1.4 THz.Both modes enable independent control of beam splitting under left-rotating circularly polarized(LCP)and rightrotating circularly polarized(RCP)wave excitation,resulting in the generation of vortex beams with distinct orbital angular momentum(OAM)modes.The findings of this study hold significant potential for enhancing information capacity and polarization multiplexing techniques in wireless communications.
基金Project supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(No.RS-2024-00337001)。
文摘Enforcing initial and boundary conditions(I/BCs)poses challenges in physics-informed neural networks(PINNs).Several PINN studies have gained significant achievements in developing techniques for imposing BCs in static problems;however,the simultaneous enforcement of I/BCs in dynamic problems remains challenging.To overcome this limitation,a novel approach called decoupled physics-informed neural network(d PINN)is proposed in this work.The d PINN operates based on the core idea of converting a partial differential equation(PDE)to a system of ordinary differential equations(ODEs)via the space-time decoupled formulation.To this end,the latent solution is expressed in the form of a linear combination of approximation functions and coefficients,where approximation functions are admissible and coefficients are unknowns of time that must be solved.Subsequently,the system of ODEs is obtained by implementing the weighted-residual form of the original PDE over the spatial domain.A multi-network structure is used to parameterize the set of coefficient functions,and the loss function of d PINN is established based on minimizing the residuals of the gained ODEs.In this scheme,the decoupled formulation leads to the independent handling of I/BCs.Accordingly,the BCs are automatically satisfied based on suitable selections of admissible functions.Meanwhile,the original ICs are replaced by the Galerkin form of the ICs concerning unknown coefficients,and the neural network(NN)outputs are modified to satisfy the gained ICs.Several benchmark problems involving different types of PDEs and I/BCs are used to demonstrate the superior performance of d PINN compared with regular PINN in terms of solution accuracy and computational cost.
文摘Smart grid substation operations often take place in hazardous environments and pose significant threats to the safety of power personnel.Relying solely on manual supervision can lead to inadequate oversight.In response to the demand for technology to identify improper operations in substation work scenarios,this paper proposes a substation safety action recognition technology to avoid the misoperation and enhance the safety management.In general,this paper utilizes a dual-branch transformer network to extract spatial and temporal information from the video dataset of operational behaviors in complex substation environments.Firstly,in order to capture the spatial-temporal correlation of people's behaviors in smart grid substation,we devise a sparse attention module and a segmented linear attention module that are embedded into spatial branch transformer and temporal branch transformer respectively.To avoid the redundancy of spatial and temporal information,we fuse the temporal and spatial features using a tensor decomposition fusion module by a decoupled manner.Experimental results indicate that our proposed method accurately detects improper operational behaviors in substation work scenarios,outperforming other existing methods in terms of detection and recognition accuracy.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Wenzhou University of Technology,China(Grant No.:ky202211).
文摘Research indicates that microbe activity within the human body significantly influences health by being closely linked to various diseases.Accurately predicting microbe-disease interactions(MDIs)offers critical insights for disease intervention and pharmaceutical research.Current advanced AI-based technologies automatically generate robust representations of microbes and diseases,enabling effective MDI predictions.However,these models continue to face significant challenges.A major issue is their reliance on complex feature extractors and classifiers,which substantially diminishes the models’generalizability.To address this,we introduce a novel graph autoencoder framework that utilizes decoupled representation learning and multi-scale information fusion strategies to efficiently infer potential MDIs.Initially,we randomly mask portions of the input microbe-disease graph based on Bernoulli distribution to boost self-supervised training and minimize noise-related performance degradation.Secondly,we employ decoupled representation learning technology,compelling the graph neural network(GNN)to independently learn the weights for each feature subspace,thus enhancing its expressive power.Finally,we implement multi-scale information fusion technology to amalgamate the multi-layer outputs of GNN,reducing information loss due to occlusion.Extensive experiments on public datasets demonstrate that our model significantly surpasses existing top MDI prediction models.This indicates that our model can accurately predict unknown MDIs and is likely to aid in disease discovery and precision pharmaceutical research.Code and data are accessible at:https://github.com/shmildsj/MDI-IFDRL.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1404104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.92476201,12025509,12305022,and 12475029)+1 种基金the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province,China(Grant No.2019B030330001)Guangdong Provincial Quantum Science Strategic Initiative Fund(Grant Nos.GDZX2305006 and GDZX2405002)。
文摘Dynamical decoupling(DD),usually implemented by sophisticated sequences of instantaneous control pulses,is a well-established quantum control technique for quantum information and quantum sensing.In practice,the pulses are inevitably imperfect with many systematic errors that may influence the performances of DD.In particular,Rabi error and detuning are primary systemic errors arising from finite pulse duration,incorrect time control,and frequency instability.Here,we propose a phase-modulated DD with staggered global phases for the basic units of the pulse sequences to suppress these systemic errors.By varying the global phases appended to the pulses in the dynamical decoupling unit alternatively with 0 orπ,our protocol can significantly reduce the influences of Rabi error and detuning.Our protocol is general and can be combined with the most existing DD sequences such as universal DD,knill DD,XY,etc.As an example,we further apply our method to quantum lock-in detection for measuring time-dependent alternating signals.Our study paves the way for a simple and feasible way to realize robust dynamical decoupling sequences,which can be applicable for various quantum sensing scenarios.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.11975145。
文摘In weak field limits,we compute the deflection angle of a gravitational decoupling extended black hole(BH)solution.We obtained the Gaussian optical curvature by examining the null geodesic equations with the help of Gauss-Bonnet theorem(GBT).We also looked into the deflection angle of light by a black hole in weak field limits with the use of the Gibbons-Werner method.We verify the graphical behavior of the black hole after determining the deflection angle of light.Additionally,in the presence of the plasma medium,we also determine the deflection angle of the light and examine its graphical behavior.Furthermore,we compute the Einstein ring via gravitational decoupling extended black hole solution.We also compute the quasi-periodic oscillations and discuss their graphical behavior.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LQ22F030015).
文摘This work addresses the cut order planning(COP)problem for multi-color garment production,which is the first step in the clothing industry.First,a multi-objective optimization model of multicolor COP(MCOP)is established with production error and production cost as optimization objectives,combined with constraints such as the number of equipment and the number of layers.Second,a decoupled multi-objective optimization algorithm(DMOA)is proposed based on the linear programming decoupling strategy and non-dominated sorting in genetic algorithmsⅡ(NSGAII).The size-combination matrix and the fabric-layer matrix are decoupled to improve the accuracy of the algorithm.Meanwhile,an improved NSGAII algorithm is designed to obtain the optimal Pareto solution to the MCOP problem,thereby constructing a practical intelligent production optimization algorithm.Finally,the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed DMOA are verified through practical cases and comparative experiments,which can effectively optimize the production process for garment enterprises.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation(Nos.12235007,12090020,11975131,12090025)。
文摘By using a reconstruction procedure of conservation laws of different models,the deformation algorithm proposed by Lou,Hao and Jia has been used to a new application such that a decoupled system becomes a coupled one.Using the new application to some decoupled systems such as the decoupled dispersionless Korteweg–de Vries(Kd V)systems related to dispersionless waves,the decoupled KdV systems related to dispersion waves,the decoupled KdV and Burgers systems related to the linear dispersion and diffusion effects,and the decoupled KdV and Harry–Dym(HD)systems related to the linear and nonlinear dispersion effects,we have obtained various new types of higher dimensional integrable coupled systems.The new models can be used to describe the interactions among different nonlinear waves and/or different effects including the dispersionless waves(dispersionless KdV waves),the linear dispersion waves(KdV waves),the nonlinear dispersion waves(HD waves)and the diffusion effect.The method can be applied to couple all different separated integrable models.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12172149,12172151,and 12202378)the MOE Key Laboratory of Fututer Intelligent Manufacturing Technologies for High-End Equipment of China(No.FIMFYUST-2025B07)+1 种基金the Guangzhou Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology of China(No.SL2023A04J01461)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.G20221990122)。
文摘This study focuses on a new and high-efficiency approach in a unified sense of accurately simulating strength-degrading effects for geomaterials,including non-symmetric hardening-to-softening effects in tension and compression as well as non-symmetric tensile and compressive stiffness-degrading effects during unloading.It is intended to bypass both modeling and numerical complexities involved in existing approaches.To this goal,new elastoplastic equations are established with new numerical techniques.With a decoupling technique of treating tension-compression asymmetry,the foregoing complex effects are automatically incorporated as inherent response features of the new elastoplastic equations,thus bypassing usual modeling complexities.A new numerical technique of renormalizing piecewise spline functions is introduced to resolve the central yet tough issue of obtaining accurate and unified expressions for the tensile and compressive strength functions,thus bypassing usual numerical complexities and uncertainties in treating numerous unknown parameters and multiple ad hoc criteria.As such,the new approach is not only of wide applicability for various geomaterials but also of high computational efficiency with no more than three adjustable parameters.Toward validating the efficacy of the new approach,numerical examples for granite,salt rock,and sandstone-concrete combined body as well as plain concrete,high-performance concrete,and ultrahigh-performance concrete are presented by comparing model predictions with multiple data sets for strength-degrading effects in tension and compression.
基金supported by the National Science Foundationof China(Nos.52305127 and 52475130)。
文摘Early fault detection for spiral bevel gears is crucial to ensure normal operation and prevent accidents.The harmonic components,excited by the time-varying mesh stiffness,always appear in measured vibration signal.How to extract the periodical impulses that indicate gear localized fault buried in the intensive noise and interfered by harmonics is a challenging task.In this paper,a novel Periodical Sparse-Assisted Decoupling(PSAD)method is proposed as an optimization problem to extract fault feature from noisy vibration signal.The PSAD method decouples the impulsive fault feature and harmonic components based on the sparse representation method.The sparsity within and across groups property and the periodicity of the fault feature are incorporated into the regularizer as the prior information.The nonconvex penalty is employed to highlight the sparsity of fault features.Meanwhile,the weight factor based on2norm of each group is constructed to strengthen the amplitude of fault feature.An iterative algorithm with Majorization-Minimization(MM)is derived to solve the optimization problem.Simulation study and experimental analysis confirm the performance of the proposed PSAD method in extracting and enhancing defect impulses from noisy signal.The suggested method surpasses other comparative methods in extracting and enhancing fault features.
基金sponsored by Ministry of Natural Resources in Guangdong Province(No.GDNRC[2024]52)。
文摘In this paper,a precise and computationally efficient method for estimating multiparameter of permanent magnet synchronous motors(PMSMs)is proposed.This method can realize decoupling estimation with a small amount of data at a single speed,and considers the inductance correlation to improve the estimation accuracy.The saturation in the stator frame is first modeled,and then the related inductance model in the rotating frame is derived.The estimation model is established based on the related inductance model,which is modeled by polynomials of d-axis current(I_(d))for a given q-axis current(I_(q)).Then,the influence of permanent magnet(PM)flux linkage on inductance estimation can be eliminated by using the partial derivative of the correlated inductance model.The estimation model fully explores the inductance correlation and can realize the decoupling of PM flux linkage(λ_(0))and inductance,which greatly improves the inductance estimation accuracy,especially when Id is small.Moreover,this paper realizes the estimation of distortion voltage,PM flux linkage,and stator resistance based on the derived electrical model and mechanical model.Compared with the existing method,this method can use a small amount of data at a single speed to model voltage,which can effectively reduce the influence of measurement noise and improve the calculation efficiency.Experimental verification on a laboratory PMSM prototype shows that the method’s performance of the proposed method is better than existing methods under various working conditions.
