Enforcing initial and boundary conditions(I/BCs)poses challenges in physics-informed neural networks(PINNs).Several PINN studies have gained significant achievements in developing techniques for imposing BCs in static...Enforcing initial and boundary conditions(I/BCs)poses challenges in physics-informed neural networks(PINNs).Several PINN studies have gained significant achievements in developing techniques for imposing BCs in static problems;however,the simultaneous enforcement of I/BCs in dynamic problems remains challenging.To overcome this limitation,a novel approach called decoupled physics-informed neural network(d PINN)is proposed in this work.The d PINN operates based on the core idea of converting a partial differential equation(PDE)to a system of ordinary differential equations(ODEs)via the space-time decoupled formulation.To this end,the latent solution is expressed in the form of a linear combination of approximation functions and coefficients,where approximation functions are admissible and coefficients are unknowns of time that must be solved.Subsequently,the system of ODEs is obtained by implementing the weighted-residual form of the original PDE over the spatial domain.A multi-network structure is used to parameterize the set of coefficient functions,and the loss function of d PINN is established based on minimizing the residuals of the gained ODEs.In this scheme,the decoupled formulation leads to the independent handling of I/BCs.Accordingly,the BCs are automatically satisfied based on suitable selections of admissible functions.Meanwhile,the original ICs are replaced by the Galerkin form of the ICs concerning unknown coefficients,and the neural network(NN)outputs are modified to satisfy the gained ICs.Several benchmark problems involving different types of PDEs and I/BCs are used to demonstrate the superior performance of d PINN compared with regular PINN in terms of solution accuracy and computational cost.展开更多
Single-molecule junctions are building blocks for constructing molecular devices.However,intermolecular interactions like winding bring additional interference among the surrounding molecules,which inhibits the intrin...Single-molecule junctions are building blocks for constructing molecular devices.However,intermolecular interactions like winding bring additional interference among the surrounding molecules,which inhibits the intrinsic coherent transport through single-molecule junctions.Here,we employed a nanocavity(dimethoxypillar[5]arene,DMP[5]),which is analogous to electric cables,to confine the conformation of flexible chains(1,8-diaminooctane,DAO)via host-vip interaction.Single-molecule conductance measurements indicate that the conductance of DAO encapsulated with DMP[5]is as high as that of pure DAO,as reproduced by theoretical simulations.Intriguingly,the molecular lengths of the DAO encapsulated with DMP[5]increase from 1.13 nm to 1.46 nm compared with the pure DAO,indicating that DMP[5]keeps DAO upright-standing via the confinement effect.This work provides a new strategy to decouple the intermolecular interaction by employing an insulating sheath,enabling the high-density integration of single-molecule devices.展开更多
Real-time sensory signal monitoring systems are crucial for continuous health tracking and enhancing human-interface technologies in virtual reality/augmented reality applications.Recent advancements in micro/nanofabr...Real-time sensory signal monitoring systems are crucial for continuous health tracking and enhancing human-interface technologies in virtual reality/augmented reality applications.Recent advancements in micro/nanofabrication technologies have enabled wearable and implantable sensors to achieve sufficient sensitivity for measuring subtle sensory signals,while integration with wireless communication technologies allows for real-time monitoring and closed-loop user feedback.However,highly sensitive sensing materials face challenges,as their detection results can easily be altered by external factors such as bending,temperature,and humidity.This review discusses methods for decoupling various stimuli and their applications in human interfaces.We cover the latest advancements in decoupled systems,including the design of sensing materials using micro/nanostructured materials,3-dimensional(3D)sensory system architectures,and Artificial intelligence(AI)-based signal decoupling processing techniques.Additionally,we highlight key applications in robotics,wearable,and implantable health monitoring made possible by these decoupled systems.Finally,we suggest future research directions to address the remaining challenges of developing decoupled artificial sensory systems that are resilient to external stimuli.展开更多
Combining water electrolysis and rechargeable battery technologies into a single system holds great promise for the co-production of hydrogen (H_(2)) and electricity.However,the design and development of such systems ...Combining water electrolysis and rechargeable battery technologies into a single system holds great promise for the co-production of hydrogen (H_(2)) and electricity.However,the design and development of such systems is still in its infancy.Herein,an integrated hydrogen-oxygen (O_(2))-electricity co-production system featuring a bipolar membrane-assisted decoupled electrolyzer and a Na-Zn ion battery was established with sodium nickelhexacyanoferrate (NaNiHCF) and Zn^(2+)/Zn as dual redox electrodes.The decoupled electrolyzer enables to produce H_(2)and O_(2)in different time and space with almost 100%Faradaic efficiency at 100 mA cm^(-2).Then,the charged NaNiHCF and Zn electrodes after the electrolysis processes formed a Na-Zn ion battery,which can generate electricity with an average cell voltage of 1.75 V at 10 m A cm^(-2).By connecting Si photovoltaics with the modular electrochemical device,a well-matched solar driven system was built to convert the intermittent solar energy into hydrogen and electric energy with a solar to hydrogen-electricity efficiency of 16.7%,demonstrating the flexible storage and conversion of renewables.展开更多
Smart grid substation operations often take place in hazardous environments and pose significant threats to the safety of power personnel.Relying solely on manual supervision can lead to inadequate oversight.In respon...Smart grid substation operations often take place in hazardous environments and pose significant threats to the safety of power personnel.Relying solely on manual supervision can lead to inadequate oversight.In response to the demand for technology to identify improper operations in substation work scenarios,this paper proposes a substation safety action recognition technology to avoid the misoperation and enhance the safety management.In general,this paper utilizes a dual-branch transformer network to extract spatial and temporal information from the video dataset of operational behaviors in complex substation environments.Firstly,in order to capture the spatial-temporal correlation of people's behaviors in smart grid substation,we devise a sparse attention module and a segmented linear attention module that are embedded into spatial branch transformer and temporal branch transformer respectively.To avoid the redundancy of spatial and temporal information,we fuse the temporal and spatial features using a tensor decomposition fusion module by a decoupled manner.Experimental results indicate that our proposed method accurately detects improper operational behaviors in substation work scenarios,outperforming other existing methods in terms of detection and recognition accuracy.展开更多
Multiple functional metasurfaces with high information capacity have attracted considerable attention from researchers.This study proposes a 2-bit tunable spin-decoupled coded metasurface designed for the terahertz ba...Multiple functional metasurfaces with high information capacity have attracted considerable attention from researchers.This study proposes a 2-bit tunable spin-decoupled coded metasurface designed for the terahertz band,which utilizes the tunable properties of Dirac semimetals(DSM)to create a novel multilayer structure.By incorporating both geometric and propagating phases into the metasurface design,we can effectively control the electromagnetic wave.When the Fermi level(EF)of the DSM is set at 6 meV,the electromagnetic wave is manipulated by the gold patch embedded in the DSM film,operating at a frequency of 1.3 THz.When the EF of the DSM is set at 80 meV,the electromagnetic wave is manipulated by the DSM patch,operating at a frequency of 1.4 THz.Both modes enable independent control of beam splitting under left-rotating circularly polarized(LCP)and rightrotating circularly polarized(RCP)wave excitation,resulting in the generation of vortex beams with distinct orbital angular momentum(OAM)modes.The findings of this study hold significant potential for enhancing information capacity and polarization multiplexing techniques in wireless communications.展开更多
Litter decomposition drives grassland biogeochemical cycles,yet the distinct roles of leaf and root litter identity,richness,and functional traits in regulating soil microbial diversity and decomposition remain poorly...Litter decomposition drives grassland biogeochemical cycles,yet the distinct roles of leaf and root litter identity,richness,and functional traits in regulating soil microbial diversity and decomposition remain poorly resolved.Using a 120-day mesocosm experiment with leaf and root litter of the dominant species in Inner Mongolia grassland,we assessed how litter type(leaf vs.root),richness(1,2,4 species),and identity(root or leaf litter of 4 dominant species)modulate microbial diversity and soil carbon(C)and nitrogen(N)release.We found that litter type and identity more strongly influenced microbial biomass than species richness,and root litter supported higher bacterial alpha diversity but lower microbial biomass and fungal beta diversity compared to leaf litter.Root litter identity primarily affected the overall beta diversity patterns of both bacterial and fungal communities,while greater leaf litter richness significantly suppressed soil C release.Mechanistically,root litter identity associated with the resource-conservative strategy directly controlled soil C release and indirectly regulated N retention via bacterial beta diversity.Conversely,leaf litter type characterized by the resource-acquisitive strategy primarily affected soil C release by altering microbial alpha diversity,and could also enhance N release by directly increasing soil microbial biomass.Our results underscore the significant influence of litter type,identity,and richness on soil microbial diversity and C and N release,supporting the strategic use of litter identity to modulate C and N release and the enhancement of C sequestration through increased leaf litter richness in grassland restoration efforts.展开更多
The past decade has witnessed the rapid increasement in power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,serious ion migration hampers their operational stability.Although dopants composed of varied...The past decade has witnessed the rapid increasement in power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,serious ion migration hampers their operational stability.Although dopants composed of varied cations and anions are introduced into perovskite to suppress ion migration,the impact of cations or anions is not individually explored,which hinders the evaluation of different cations and further application of doping strategy.Here we report that a special group of sulfonic anions(like CF_(3)SO_(3)^(-))successfully introduce alkaline earth ions(like Ca^(2+))into perovskite lattice compared to its halide counterparts.Furthermore,with effective crystallization regulation and defect passivation of sulfonic anions,perovskite with Ca(CF_(3)SO_(3))_(2)shows reduced PbI2 residue and metallic Pb0 defects;thereby,corresponding PSCs show an enhanced PCE of 24.95%.Finally by comparing the properties of perovskite with Ca(CF_(3)SO_(3))_(2)and FACF_(3)SO_(3),we found that doped Ca^(2+)significantly suppressed halide migration with an activation energy of 1.246 eV which accounts for the improved operational stability of Ca(CF_(3)SO_(3))_(2-)doped PSCs,while no obvious impact of Ca^(2+)on trap density is observed.Combining the benefits of cations and anions,this study presents an effective method to decouple the effects of cations and anions and fabricate efficient and stable PSCs.展开更多
In weak field limits,we compute the deflection angle of a gravitational decoupling extended black hole(BH)solution.We obtained the Gaussian optical curvature by examining the null geodesic equations with the help of G...In weak field limits,we compute the deflection angle of a gravitational decoupling extended black hole(BH)solution.We obtained the Gaussian optical curvature by examining the null geodesic equations with the help of Gauss-Bonnet theorem(GBT).We also looked into the deflection angle of light by a black hole in weak field limits with the use of the Gibbons-Werner method.We verify the graphical behavior of the black hole after determining the deflection angle of light.Additionally,in the presence of the plasma medium,we also determine the deflection angle of the light and examine its graphical behavior.Furthermore,we compute the Einstein ring via gravitational decoupling extended black hole solution.We also compute the quasi-periodic oscillations and discuss their graphical behavior.展开更多
This work addresses the cut order planning(COP)problem for multi-color garment production,which is the first step in the clothing industry.First,a multi-objective optimization model of multicolor COP(MCOP)is establish...This work addresses the cut order planning(COP)problem for multi-color garment production,which is the first step in the clothing industry.First,a multi-objective optimization model of multicolor COP(MCOP)is established with production error and production cost as optimization objectives,combined with constraints such as the number of equipment and the number of layers.Second,a decoupled multi-objective optimization algorithm(DMOA)is proposed based on the linear programming decoupling strategy and non-dominated sorting in genetic algorithmsⅡ(NSGAII).The size-combination matrix and the fabric-layer matrix are decoupled to improve the accuracy of the algorithm.Meanwhile,an improved NSGAII algorithm is designed to obtain the optimal Pareto solution to the MCOP problem,thereby constructing a practical intelligent production optimization algorithm.Finally,the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed DMOA are verified through practical cases and comparative experiments,which can effectively optimize the production process for garment enterprises.展开更多
Hydrogen gas is widely regarded as an ideal green energy carrier and a potential alternative to fossil fuels for coping with the aggravating energy crisis and environmental pollution.Currently,the vast majority of the...Hydrogen gas is widely regarded as an ideal green energy carrier and a potential alternative to fossil fuels for coping with the aggravating energy crisis and environmental pollution.Currently,the vast majority of the world's hydrogen is produced by reforming fossil fuels;however,this hydrogen-making technology is not sustainable or environmentally friendly because ofits high energy consumption and large carbon emissions.Renewables-driven water splitting(2H_(2)0-2H_(2)+0_(2))becomes an extensively studied scheme for sustain-able hydrogen production.Conventional water electrolysis requires an input voltage higher than 1.23 V and forms a gas mixture of H_(2)/O_(2),which results in high electricity consumption,potential safety hazards,and harmful reactive oxygen species.By virtue of the auxiliary redox mediators(RMs)as the robust H^(+)/e^(-)reservoir,decoupled electrolysis splits water at a much lower potential and evolves O_(2)(H_(2)O+RMS_(ox)-O_(2)+H-RMS_(red))and H_(2)(H-RMS_(red)-H_(2)+RMS_(ox))at separate times,rates,and spaces,thus pro-ducing the puretarget hydrogen gas safely.Decoupled electrolysis has accelerated the development ofwater electrolysis technology for H_(2) production.However,itis still lack of a comprehensive and in-depth review in this field based on different types of RMs.This review highlights the basic principles and critical progress of this emerging water electrolysis mode over the past decade.Several representative examples are then dis-played in detail according to the differences in the RMs.The rational choice and design of RMs have also been emphasized.Subsequently,novel applications of decoupled water splitting are briefly discussed,including the manufacture of valuable chemicals,Cl_(2) production,pollutant degradation,and other half-reactions in artificial photosynthesis.Finally,thekey characteristics and disadvantages of each type of mediator are sum-marized in depth.In addition,we present an outlook for future directions in decoupled water splitting.Thus,the flexibility in the design of mediators provides huge space for improving this electrochemical technology.@2024 Science Press and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Published by ELSEVIER B.V.and Science Press.All rights reserved.展开更多
Due to the limited uplink capability in heterogeneousnetworks (HetNets), the decoupled uplinkand downlink access (DUDA) mode has recently beenproposed to improve the uplink performance. In thispaper, the random discon...Due to the limited uplink capability in heterogeneousnetworks (HetNets), the decoupled uplinkand downlink access (DUDA) mode has recently beenproposed to improve the uplink performance. In thispaper, the random discontinuous transmission (DTX)at user equipment (UE) is adopted to reduce the interferencecorrelation across different time slots. By utilizingstochastic geometry, we analytically derive themean local delay and energy efficiency (EE) of an uplinkHetNet with UE random DTX scheme under theDUDA mode. These expressions are further approximatedas closed forms under reasonable assumptions.Our results reveal that under the DUDA mode, there isan optimal EE with respect to mute probability underthe finite local delay constraint. In addition, with thesame finite mean local delay as under the coupled uplinkand downlink access (CUDA) mode, the HetNetsunder the DUDA mode can achieve a higher EE witha lower mute probability.展开更多
A novel disturbance decoupled filter (DDF) design scheme is presented. Firstly, the system with unknown input is translated into an equivalent system without unknown imputs by a simple algebraic transformation. Then, ...A novel disturbance decoupled filter (DDF) design scheme is presented. Firstly, the system with unknown input is translated into an equivalent system without unknown imputs by a simple algebraic transformation. Then, a new DDF design scheme, which is very simple, is proposed via innovations theorem. At last, the application of DDF to Maneuvering Targets Tracking is simulated and the simulation results show that DDF is suitable for high maneuvering cases.展开更多
The existence of coupling makes the parallel mechanism possess some special advantages over the serial mechanism, while it is just the coupling that brings about the parallel mechanism some limitations, such as comple...The existence of coupling makes the parallel mechanism possess some special advantages over the serial mechanism, while it is just the coupling that brings about the parallel mechanism some limitations, such as complex workspace, high nonlinear relationship between input and output, difficulties in static and dynamic analysis, and the development of control system, which restricts its application fields. The decoupled parallel mechanism is currently one of the research focuses of the mechanism fields, while the study on the different characteristics between the deeoupled and coupled parallel mechanisms has not been reported. Therefore, this paper performs the systematic comparative analysis of the 3-RPUR and the 3-CPR parallel mechanisms. The features of the two mechanisms are described and their movement forms are analyzed with screw theory. The inverse and forward displacement solutions are solved and the Jacobian matrices are obtained. According to the Jacobian matrices and by using the theory of physical model of the solution space, the workspace, dexterity, velocity, payload capability, and stiffness of the mechanisms are analyzed with plotting the indices atlases. The research results prove that the effects of the coupling on the parallel mechanism are double-side, and then the adoption of the decoupled parallel mechanism should be determined by the requirements of the concrete application situation. The contents of this paper should be useful for the type synthesis and practical application of the parallel mechanism.展开更多
It is widely used for the rotational parallel mechanism in the field of spatial orientation. While owing to the existence of coupling, the forward kinematic solution and the control of the general rotational parallel ...It is widely used for the rotational parallel mechanism in the field of spatial orientation. While owing to the existence of coupling, the forward kinematic solution and the control of the general rotational parallel mechanism are especially difficult. If decoupling can be realized, the kinematic analysis of the mechanism will be very simple. Presently, the research of the parallel mechanism is focused on the inverse solution and structure optimization, and there is a lack of rotation decoupled parallel mechanisms （DPMs）. So this paper proposes a family of 2 degree of freedom （DOF） rotational DPMs based on the four-bar linkage mechanism, and performs a characteristic analysis. This family of DPMs is composed of a moving platform, a fixed base and three limbs. Taking U_RRU SPU DPM as an example, the motion feature of this DPM is analyzed with the constraint screw method, and its mobility is calculated by using the Modified Kutzbach-Grtibler criterion. The inverse and forward displacement problems of the proposed parallel mechanism are solved. The decoupled feature of the proposed parallel mechanism is validated by the deduction of the expression of the Jaeobian matrix. Three kinds of singularity conditions of this DPM are discussed, and the atlases of the output parameter concerning different geometric parameters are plotted with the theory of the physical model of the solution space. The proposition and characteristic analysis of the novel rotational DPMs in this paper should be useful for further research and application of the parallel mechanisms.展开更多
Traditional cellular network requires that a user equipment(UE) should associate to the same base station(BS) in both the downlink(DL) and the uplink(UL). Based on dual connectivity(DC) introduced in LTE-Advanced R12,...Traditional cellular network requires that a user equipment(UE) should associate to the same base station(BS) in both the downlink(DL) and the uplink(UL). Based on dual connectivity(DC) introduced in LTE-Advanced R12, DL/UL decouple access scheme has been proposed, which is especially suitable for heterogeneous networks(Het Nets). This paper is the pioneer to take the DL/UL decouple access scheme into consideration and develop a novel resource allocation algorithm in a two-tier Het Net to improve the total system throughput in the UL and ease the load imbalance between macro base stations(MBSs) and pico base stations(PBSs). A model is formulated as a nonlinear integer programming, and the proposed algorithm is a sub-optimal algorithm based on the graph theory. First, an undirected and weighted interference graph is obtained. Next, the users are grouped to let users with large mutual interferences to be assigned to different clusters. Then, the users in different clusters are allocated to different resource blocks(RBs) by using the Hungarian algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can provide great promotions for both the total system throughput and the average cell edge user throughput and successfully ease the load imbalance between MBSs and PBSs.展开更多
Flexure mechanisms with decoupled characteristics have been widely utilized in precision positioning applications.However,these mechanisms suffer from either slow response or low load capability.Furthermore,asymmetric...Flexure mechanisms with decoupled characteristics have been widely utilized in precision positioning applications.However,these mechanisms suffer from either slow response or low load capability.Furthermore,asymmetric design always leads to thermal error.In order to solve these issues,a novel 2-DOF decoupled mechanism is developed by monolithically manufacturing sets of statically indeterminate symmetric（SIS） flexure structures in parallel.Symmetric design helps to eliminate the thermal error and Finite Element Analysis（FEA） results show that the maximum coupling ratio between X and Y axes is below 0.25% when a maximum pretension force of 200 N is applied.By ignoring the mass effect,all the SIS flexure structures are simplified to ＂spring-damper＂ components,from which the static and dynamics model are derived.The relation between the first resonant frequency of the mechanism and the load is investigated by incorporating the load mass into the proposed dynamics model.Analytical results show that even with a load of 0.5 kg,the first resonant frequency is still higher than 300 Hz,indicating a high load capability.The mechanism＇s static and dynamic performances are experimentally examined.The linear stiffnesses of the mechanism at the working platform and at the driving point are measured to be 3.563 0 N·μm-1 and 3.362 1 N·μm-1,respectively.The corresponding estimation values from analytical models are 3.405 7 N·μm-1 and 3.381 7 N·μm-1,which correspond to estimation errors of-4.41% and 0.6%,respectively.With an additional load of 0.16 kg,the measured and estimated first resonant frequencies are 362 Hz and 365 Hz,respectively.The estimation error is only 0.55%.The analytical and experimental results show that the developed mechanism has good performances in both decoupling ability and load capability;its static and dynamic performance can be precisely estimated from corresponding analytical models.The proposed mechanism has wide potentials in precision positioning applications.展开更多
There are an increasing of scenarios that require the independent bandwidth and delay demands. For instance, in a data center, the interactive message would not occupy much bandwidth, but it requires the rigorous dema...There are an increasing of scenarios that require the independent bandwidth and delay demands. For instance, in a data center, the interactive message would not occupy much bandwidth, but it requires the rigorous demands for the delay. However, the existing QoS approaches are mainly bandwidth based, which are inappropriate for these scenarios. Hence, we propose the decoupled scheme in the OpenFlow networks to provide the centralized differential bandwidth and delay control. We leverage the mature HTB to manage the bandwidth. And we design the Queue Delay Management Scheme (QDMS) for queuing delay arrangement, as well as the Comprehensive Parameters based Dijkstra Route algorithm (CPDR) for the propagation delay control. The evaluation results verify the decoupling effectiveness. And the decoupled scheme can reduce the delay for high priority flows.展开更多
With increasing amount of unconventional natural gas,the production of ethane,propane and other low alkanes continues to increase.In our previous works,a partially decoupled process(PDP) was proposed for conversion of...With increasing amount of unconventional natural gas,the production of ethane,propane and other low alkanes continues to increase.In our previous works,a partially decoupled process(PDP) was proposed for conversion of ethane based on numerical simulations,which showed higher acetylene and ethylene selectivities than the original partial oxidation process.In the current work,the PDP of ethane for producing acetylene and ethylene was studied experimentally to verify the PDP concept.In the PDP of ethane,coke-oven gas or other cheap gas combusts with stoichiometric oxygen as heat carrier,and ethane is mixed with the heat carrier and undergoes pyrolysis at high temperatures.The jet-in-cross-flow(JICF) reactor was designed and manufactured to realize the PDP.A positioning device of 0.1 mm accuracy and a mass spectrometer were used to measure the spatial profiles of the species concentrations.The maximum combined yield(52.7%) of acetylene and ethylene was obtained even at the condition of heat loss,confirming that the PDP of ethane was advantageous over the partial oxidation process and at least comparable to the steam cracking process.展开更多
基金Project supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(No.RS-2024-00337001)。
文摘Enforcing initial and boundary conditions(I/BCs)poses challenges in physics-informed neural networks(PINNs).Several PINN studies have gained significant achievements in developing techniques for imposing BCs in static problems;however,the simultaneous enforcement of I/BCs in dynamic problems remains challenging.To overcome this limitation,a novel approach called decoupled physics-informed neural network(d PINN)is proposed in this work.The d PINN operates based on the core idea of converting a partial differential equation(PDE)to a system of ordinary differential equations(ODEs)via the space-time decoupled formulation.To this end,the latent solution is expressed in the form of a linear combination of approximation functions and coefficients,where approximation functions are admissible and coefficients are unknowns of time that must be solved.Subsequently,the system of ODEs is obtained by implementing the weighted-residual form of the original PDE over the spatial domain.A multi-network structure is used to parameterize the set of coefficient functions,and the loss function of d PINN is established based on minimizing the residuals of the gained ODEs.In this scheme,the decoupled formulation leads to the independent handling of I/BCs.Accordingly,the BCs are automatically satisfied based on suitable selections of admissible functions.Meanwhile,the original ICs are replaced by the Galerkin form of the ICs concerning unknown coefficients,and the neural network(NN)outputs are modified to satisfy the gained ICs.Several benchmark problems involving different types of PDEs and I/BCs are used to demonstrate the superior performance of d PINN compared with regular PINN in terms of solution accuracy and computational cost.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22205084,42307566,22325303,22250003,T2222002,21991130,22032004)Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2022H6014)+4 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2023M741039,2023M742199)Project funded by National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization(No.SF202303)State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization for Low Grade Phosphate Rock and Its Associated Resources WFKF(2023)013the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Xiamen University,No.20720240053)State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases,Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory(No.2023XAKJ0103074)。
文摘Single-molecule junctions are building blocks for constructing molecular devices.However,intermolecular interactions like winding bring additional interference among the surrounding molecules,which inhibits the intrinsic coherent transport through single-molecule junctions.Here,we employed a nanocavity(dimethoxypillar[5]arene,DMP[5]),which is analogous to electric cables,to confine the conformation of flexible chains(1,8-diaminooctane,DAO)via host-vip interaction.Single-molecule conductance measurements indicate that the conductance of DAO encapsulated with DMP[5]is as high as that of pure DAO,as reproduced by theoretical simulations.Intriguingly,the molecular lengths of the DAO encapsulated with DMP[5]increase from 1.13 nm to 1.46 nm compared with the pure DAO,indicating that DMP[5]keeps DAO upright-standing via the confinement effect.This work provides a new strategy to decouple the intermolecular interaction by employing an insulating sheath,enabling the high-density integration of single-molecule devices.
基金funding from the Alchemist Project Program(Grant No.RS-2024-00422269)Technology Innovation Program(Grant No.RS-2024-00443121)+1 种基金supported by the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE,Korea)support by a National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIP,Ministry of Science,ICT&Future Planning,Grant Nos.NRF-2022R1A4A3032913 and RS-2024-00411904).
文摘Real-time sensory signal monitoring systems are crucial for continuous health tracking and enhancing human-interface technologies in virtual reality/augmented reality applications.Recent advancements in micro/nanofabrication technologies have enabled wearable and implantable sensors to achieve sufficient sensitivity for measuring subtle sensory signals,while integration with wireless communication technologies allows for real-time monitoring and closed-loop user feedback.However,highly sensitive sensing materials face challenges,as their detection results can easily be altered by external factors such as bending,temperature,and humidity.This review discusses methods for decoupling various stimuli and their applications in human interfaces.We cover the latest advancements in decoupled systems,including the design of sensing materials using micro/nanostructured materials,3-dimensional(3D)sensory system architectures,and Artificial intelligence(AI)-based signal decoupling processing techniques.Additionally,we highlight key applications in robotics,wearable,and implantable health monitoring made possible by these decoupled systems.Finally,we suggest future research directions to address the remaining challenges of developing decoupled artificial sensory systems that are resilient to external stimuli.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52488201, 52076177, and 52476222)China National Key Research and Development Plan Project (No. 2021YFF0500503)+1 种基金Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi (No. 2024GH-YBXM-02)China Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘Combining water electrolysis and rechargeable battery technologies into a single system holds great promise for the co-production of hydrogen (H_(2)) and electricity.However,the design and development of such systems is still in its infancy.Herein,an integrated hydrogen-oxygen (O_(2))-electricity co-production system featuring a bipolar membrane-assisted decoupled electrolyzer and a Na-Zn ion battery was established with sodium nickelhexacyanoferrate (NaNiHCF) and Zn^(2+)/Zn as dual redox electrodes.The decoupled electrolyzer enables to produce H_(2)and O_(2)in different time and space with almost 100%Faradaic efficiency at 100 mA cm^(-2).Then,the charged NaNiHCF and Zn electrodes after the electrolysis processes formed a Na-Zn ion battery,which can generate electricity with an average cell voltage of 1.75 V at 10 m A cm^(-2).By connecting Si photovoltaics with the modular electrochemical device,a well-matched solar driven system was built to convert the intermittent solar energy into hydrogen and electric energy with a solar to hydrogen-electricity efficiency of 16.7%,demonstrating the flexible storage and conversion of renewables.
文摘Smart grid substation operations often take place in hazardous environments and pose significant threats to the safety of power personnel.Relying solely on manual supervision can lead to inadequate oversight.In response to the demand for technology to identify improper operations in substation work scenarios,this paper proposes a substation safety action recognition technology to avoid the misoperation and enhance the safety management.In general,this paper utilizes a dual-branch transformer network to extract spatial and temporal information from the video dataset of operational behaviors in complex substation environments.Firstly,in order to capture the spatial-temporal correlation of people's behaviors in smart grid substation,we devise a sparse attention module and a segmented linear attention module that are embedded into spatial branch transformer and temporal branch transformer respectively.To avoid the redundancy of spatial and temporal information,we fuse the temporal and spatial features using a tensor decomposition fusion module by a decoupled manner.Experimental results indicate that our proposed method accurately detects improper operational behaviors in substation work scenarios,outperforming other existing methods in terms of detection and recognition accuracy.
文摘Multiple functional metasurfaces with high information capacity have attracted considerable attention from researchers.This study proposes a 2-bit tunable spin-decoupled coded metasurface designed for the terahertz band,which utilizes the tunable properties of Dirac semimetals(DSM)to create a novel multilayer structure.By incorporating both geometric and propagating phases into the metasurface design,we can effectively control the electromagnetic wave.When the Fermi level(EF)of the DSM is set at 6 meV,the electromagnetic wave is manipulated by the gold patch embedded in the DSM film,operating at a frequency of 1.3 THz.When the EF of the DSM is set at 80 meV,the electromagnetic wave is manipulated by the DSM patch,operating at a frequency of 1.4 THz.Both modes enable independent control of beam splitting under left-rotating circularly polarized(LCP)and rightrotating circularly polarized(RCP)wave excitation,resulting in the generation of vortex beams with distinct orbital angular momentum(OAM)modes.The findings of this study hold significant potential for enhancing information capacity and polarization multiplexing techniques in wireless communications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42177272,32201404,32401430,32301441)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(Grant No.2025ZD006)the Junma Program of the Inner Mongolia University(Grant No.10000-23112101/159).
文摘Litter decomposition drives grassland biogeochemical cycles,yet the distinct roles of leaf and root litter identity,richness,and functional traits in regulating soil microbial diversity and decomposition remain poorly resolved.Using a 120-day mesocosm experiment with leaf and root litter of the dominant species in Inner Mongolia grassland,we assessed how litter type(leaf vs.root),richness(1,2,4 species),and identity(root or leaf litter of 4 dominant species)modulate microbial diversity and soil carbon(C)and nitrogen(N)release.We found that litter type and identity more strongly influenced microbial biomass than species richness,and root litter supported higher bacterial alpha diversity but lower microbial biomass and fungal beta diversity compared to leaf litter.Root litter identity primarily affected the overall beta diversity patterns of both bacterial and fungal communities,while greater leaf litter richness significantly suppressed soil C release.Mechanistically,root litter identity associated with the resource-conservative strategy directly controlled soil C release and indirectly regulated N retention via bacterial beta diversity.Conversely,leaf litter type characterized by the resource-acquisitive strategy primarily affected soil C release by altering microbial alpha diversity,and could also enhance N release by directly increasing soil microbial biomass.Our results underscore the significant influence of litter type,identity,and richness on soil microbial diversity and C and N release,supporting the strategic use of litter identity to modulate C and N release and the enhancement of C sequestration through increased leaf litter richness in grassland restoration efforts.
基金support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFE0137400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62274040).
文摘The past decade has witnessed the rapid increasement in power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,serious ion migration hampers their operational stability.Although dopants composed of varied cations and anions are introduced into perovskite to suppress ion migration,the impact of cations or anions is not individually explored,which hinders the evaluation of different cations and further application of doping strategy.Here we report that a special group of sulfonic anions(like CF_(3)SO_(3)^(-))successfully introduce alkaline earth ions(like Ca^(2+))into perovskite lattice compared to its halide counterparts.Furthermore,with effective crystallization regulation and defect passivation of sulfonic anions,perovskite with Ca(CF_(3)SO_(3))_(2)shows reduced PbI2 residue and metallic Pb0 defects;thereby,corresponding PSCs show an enhanced PCE of 24.95%.Finally by comparing the properties of perovskite with Ca(CF_(3)SO_(3))_(2)and FACF_(3)SO_(3),we found that doped Ca^(2+)significantly suppressed halide migration with an activation energy of 1.246 eV which accounts for the improved operational stability of Ca(CF_(3)SO_(3))_(2-)doped PSCs,while no obvious impact of Ca^(2+)on trap density is observed.Combining the benefits of cations and anions,this study presents an effective method to decouple the effects of cations and anions and fabricate efficient and stable PSCs.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.11975145。
文摘In weak field limits,we compute the deflection angle of a gravitational decoupling extended black hole(BH)solution.We obtained the Gaussian optical curvature by examining the null geodesic equations with the help of Gauss-Bonnet theorem(GBT).We also looked into the deflection angle of light by a black hole in weak field limits with the use of the Gibbons-Werner method.We verify the graphical behavior of the black hole after determining the deflection angle of light.Additionally,in the presence of the plasma medium,we also determine the deflection angle of the light and examine its graphical behavior.Furthermore,we compute the Einstein ring via gravitational decoupling extended black hole solution.We also compute the quasi-periodic oscillations and discuss their graphical behavior.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LQ22F030015).
文摘This work addresses the cut order planning(COP)problem for multi-color garment production,which is the first step in the clothing industry.First,a multi-objective optimization model of multicolor COP(MCOP)is established with production error and production cost as optimization objectives,combined with constraints such as the number of equipment and the number of layers.Second,a decoupled multi-objective optimization algorithm(DMOA)is proposed based on the linear programming decoupling strategy and non-dominated sorting in genetic algorithmsⅡ(NSGAII).The size-combination matrix and the fabric-layer matrix are decoupled to improve the accuracy of the algorithm.Meanwhile,an improved NSGAII algorithm is designed to obtain the optimal Pareto solution to the MCOP problem,thereby constructing a practical intelligent production optimization algorithm.Finally,the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed DMOA are verified through practical cases and comparative experiments,which can effectively optimize the production process for garment enterprises.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52002146).
文摘Hydrogen gas is widely regarded as an ideal green energy carrier and a potential alternative to fossil fuels for coping with the aggravating energy crisis and environmental pollution.Currently,the vast majority of the world's hydrogen is produced by reforming fossil fuels;however,this hydrogen-making technology is not sustainable or environmentally friendly because ofits high energy consumption and large carbon emissions.Renewables-driven water splitting(2H_(2)0-2H_(2)+0_(2))becomes an extensively studied scheme for sustain-able hydrogen production.Conventional water electrolysis requires an input voltage higher than 1.23 V and forms a gas mixture of H_(2)/O_(2),which results in high electricity consumption,potential safety hazards,and harmful reactive oxygen species.By virtue of the auxiliary redox mediators(RMs)as the robust H^(+)/e^(-)reservoir,decoupled electrolysis splits water at a much lower potential and evolves O_(2)(H_(2)O+RMS_(ox)-O_(2)+H-RMS_(red))and H_(2)(H-RMS_(red)-H_(2)+RMS_(ox))at separate times,rates,and spaces,thus pro-ducing the puretarget hydrogen gas safely.Decoupled electrolysis has accelerated the development ofwater electrolysis technology for H_(2) production.However,itis still lack of a comprehensive and in-depth review in this field based on different types of RMs.This review highlights the basic principles and critical progress of this emerging water electrolysis mode over the past decade.Several representative examples are then dis-played in detail according to the differences in the RMs.The rational choice and design of RMs have also been emphasized.Subsequently,novel applications of decoupled water splitting are briefly discussed,including the manufacture of valuable chemicals,Cl_(2) production,pollutant degradation,and other half-reactions in artificial photosynthesis.Finally,thekey characteristics and disadvantages of each type of mediator are sum-marized in depth.In addition,we present an outlook for future directions in decoupled water splitting.Thus,the flexibility in the design of mediators provides huge space for improving this electrochemical technology.@2024 Science Press and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Published by ELSEVIER B.V.and Science Press.All rights reserved.
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant 2021YFB 2900304the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program under Grants KQTD20190929172545139 and ZDSYS20210623091808025.
文摘Due to the limited uplink capability in heterogeneousnetworks (HetNets), the decoupled uplinkand downlink access (DUDA) mode has recently beenproposed to improve the uplink performance. In thispaper, the random discontinuous transmission (DTX)at user equipment (UE) is adopted to reduce the interferencecorrelation across different time slots. By utilizingstochastic geometry, we analytically derive themean local delay and energy efficiency (EE) of an uplinkHetNet with UE random DTX scheme under theDUDA mode. These expressions are further approximatedas closed forms under reasonable assumptions.Our results reveal that under the DUDA mode, there isan optimal EE with respect to mute probability underthe finite local delay constraint. In addition, with thesame finite mean local delay as under the coupled uplinkand downlink access (CUDA) mode, the HetNetsunder the DUDA mode can achieve a higher EE witha lower mute probability.
文摘A novel disturbance decoupled filter (DDF) design scheme is presented. Firstly, the system with unknown input is translated into an equivalent system without unknown imputs by a simple algebraic transformation. Then, a new DDF design scheme, which is very simple, is proposed via innovations theorem. At last, the application of DDF to Maneuvering Targets Tracking is simulated and the simulation results show that DDF is suitable for high maneuvering cases.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50875227)
文摘The existence of coupling makes the parallel mechanism possess some special advantages over the serial mechanism, while it is just the coupling that brings about the parallel mechanism some limitations, such as complex workspace, high nonlinear relationship between input and output, difficulties in static and dynamic analysis, and the development of control system, which restricts its application fields. The decoupled parallel mechanism is currently one of the research focuses of the mechanism fields, while the study on the different characteristics between the deeoupled and coupled parallel mechanisms has not been reported. Therefore, this paper performs the systematic comparative analysis of the 3-RPUR and the 3-CPR parallel mechanisms. The features of the two mechanisms are described and their movement forms are analyzed with screw theory. The inverse and forward displacement solutions are solved and the Jacobian matrices are obtained. According to the Jacobian matrices and by using the theory of physical model of the solution space, the workspace, dexterity, velocity, payload capability, and stiffness of the mechanisms are analyzed with plotting the indices atlases. The research results prove that the effects of the coupling on the parallel mechanism are double-side, and then the adoption of the decoupled parallel mechanism should be determined by the requirements of the concrete application situation. The contents of this paper should be useful for the type synthesis and practical application of the parallel mechanism.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50875227)
文摘It is widely used for the rotational parallel mechanism in the field of spatial orientation. While owing to the existence of coupling, the forward kinematic solution and the control of the general rotational parallel mechanism are especially difficult. If decoupling can be realized, the kinematic analysis of the mechanism will be very simple. Presently, the research of the parallel mechanism is focused on the inverse solution and structure optimization, and there is a lack of rotation decoupled parallel mechanisms （DPMs）. So this paper proposes a family of 2 degree of freedom （DOF） rotational DPMs based on the four-bar linkage mechanism, and performs a characteristic analysis. This family of DPMs is composed of a moving platform, a fixed base and three limbs. Taking U_RRU SPU DPM as an example, the motion feature of this DPM is analyzed with the constraint screw method, and its mobility is calculated by using the Modified Kutzbach-Grtibler criterion. The inverse and forward displacement problems of the proposed parallel mechanism are solved. The decoupled feature of the proposed parallel mechanism is validated by the deduction of the expression of the Jaeobian matrix. Three kinds of singularity conditions of this DPM are discussed, and the atlases of the output parameter concerning different geometric parameters are plotted with the theory of the physical model of the solution space. The proposition and characteristic analysis of the novel rotational DPMs in this paper should be useful for further research and application of the parallel mechanisms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation General Program of China under Grant No.61171110the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No.2013CB329003
文摘Traditional cellular network requires that a user equipment(UE) should associate to the same base station(BS) in both the downlink(DL) and the uplink(UL). Based on dual connectivity(DC) introduced in LTE-Advanced R12, DL/UL decouple access scheme has been proposed, which is especially suitable for heterogeneous networks(Het Nets). This paper is the pioneer to take the DL/UL decouple access scheme into consideration and develop a novel resource allocation algorithm in a two-tier Het Net to improve the total system throughput in the UL and ease the load imbalance between macro base stations(MBSs) and pico base stations(PBSs). A model is formulated as a nonlinear integer programming, and the proposed algorithm is a sub-optimal algorithm based on the graph theory. First, an undirected and weighted interference graph is obtained. Next, the users are grouped to let users with large mutual interferences to be assigned to different clusters. Then, the users in different clusters are allocated to different resource blocks(RBs) by using the Hungarian algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can provide great promotions for both the total system throughput and the average cell edge user throughput and successfully ease the load imbalance between MBSs and PBSs.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51175372)National Key Special Project of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2011ZX04016-011)
文摘Flexure mechanisms with decoupled characteristics have been widely utilized in precision positioning applications.However,these mechanisms suffer from either slow response or low load capability.Furthermore,asymmetric design always leads to thermal error.In order to solve these issues,a novel 2-DOF decoupled mechanism is developed by monolithically manufacturing sets of statically indeterminate symmetric（SIS） flexure structures in parallel.Symmetric design helps to eliminate the thermal error and Finite Element Analysis（FEA） results show that the maximum coupling ratio between X and Y axes is below 0.25% when a maximum pretension force of 200 N is applied.By ignoring the mass effect,all the SIS flexure structures are simplified to ＂spring-damper＂ components,from which the static and dynamics model are derived.The relation between the first resonant frequency of the mechanism and the load is investigated by incorporating the load mass into the proposed dynamics model.Analytical results show that even with a load of 0.5 kg,the first resonant frequency is still higher than 300 Hz,indicating a high load capability.The mechanism＇s static and dynamic performances are experimentally examined.The linear stiffnesses of the mechanism at the working platform and at the driving point are measured to be 3.563 0 N·μm-1 and 3.362 1 N·μm-1,respectively.The corresponding estimation values from analytical models are 3.405 7 N·μm-1 and 3.381 7 N·μm-1,which correspond to estimation errors of-4.41% and 0.6%,respectively.With an additional load of 0.16 kg,the measured and estimated first resonant frequencies are 362 Hz and 365 Hz,respectively.The estimation error is only 0.55%.The analytical and experimental results show that the developed mechanism has good performances in both decoupling ability and load capability;its static and dynamic performance can be precisely estimated from corresponding analytical models.The proposed mechanism has wide potentials in precision positioning applications.
基金supported National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project Number: 61671086)Consulting Project of Chinese Academy of Engineering (Project Number: 2016-XY-09)
文摘There are an increasing of scenarios that require the independent bandwidth and delay demands. For instance, in a data center, the interactive message would not occupy much bandwidth, but it requires the rigorous demands for the delay. However, the existing QoS approaches are mainly bandwidth based, which are inappropriate for these scenarios. Hence, we propose the decoupled scheme in the OpenFlow networks to provide the centralized differential bandwidth and delay control. We leverage the mature HTB to manage the bandwidth. And we design the Queue Delay Management Scheme (QDMS) for queuing delay arrangement, as well as the Comprehensive Parameters based Dijkstra Route algorithm (CPDR) for the propagation delay control. The evaluation results verify the decoupling effectiveness. And the decoupled scheme can reduce the delay for high priority flows.
文摘With increasing amount of unconventional natural gas,the production of ethane,propane and other low alkanes continues to increase.In our previous works,a partially decoupled process(PDP) was proposed for conversion of ethane based on numerical simulations,which showed higher acetylene and ethylene selectivities than the original partial oxidation process.In the current work,the PDP of ethane for producing acetylene and ethylene was studied experimentally to verify the PDP concept.In the PDP of ethane,coke-oven gas or other cheap gas combusts with stoichiometric oxygen as heat carrier,and ethane is mixed with the heat carrier and undergoes pyrolysis at high temperatures.The jet-in-cross-flow(JICF) reactor was designed and manufactured to realize the PDP.A positioning device of 0.1 mm accuracy and a mass spectrometer were used to measure the spatial profiles of the species concentrations.The maximum combined yield(52.7%) of acetylene and ethylene was obtained even at the condition of heat loss,confirming that the PDP of ethane was advantageous over the partial oxidation process and at least comparable to the steam cracking process.
