[Objective]The aim was to isolate cellulose decomposing strains with high activity from straw-amended soil.[Method]Screening of CMC solid culture and shaking culture rescreening were carried out to obtain cellulose de...[Objective]The aim was to isolate cellulose decomposing strains with high activity from straw-amended soil.[Method]Screening of CMC solid culture and shaking culture rescreening were carried out to obtain cellulose decomposing strains with high activity from the corn straw amended soil,which were analyzed by 16rDNA sequence analysis.[Result]A bacterium and a fungus with higher endonucleases activity were obtained through preliminary screening and secondary screening,a fungus with higher filter paper enzyme activity,and a bacterium（NO.5 strain） with higher of both filter paper enzyme activity and CMC enzyme activity were obtained.The result of 16S rDNA sequence analysis showed that the similarity was 100% between NO.5 strain and Bacillus subtilis.[Conclusion]NO.5 strain was identified as Bacillus subtilis.展开更多
[Objective] The research aimed to obtain an effectively-decomposing strain of silkworm chrysalis protein and discuss its enzymatic properties.[Method] The effectively-decomposing bacteria of protein was isolated from ...[Objective] The research aimed to obtain an effectively-decomposing strain of silkworm chrysalis protein and discuss its enzymatic properties.[Method] The effectively-decomposing bacteria of protein was isolated from the decayed silkworm chrysalis by using dilution plate and its enzymatic properties were tested after primary screening and second screening.The enzyme activity was determined and the intermediate and small molecule protein content in silkworm chrysalis was measured after solid-state fermentati...展开更多
[目的]长期秸秆还田易因腐解不足引发土壤结构退化及环境风险。本研究基于关中平原冬小麦-夏玉米轮作(麦玉轮作)农田开展秸秆全量还田试验,旨在探究施加不同剂量腐熟剂对麦玉轮作系统秸秆腐解特征及温室气体排放的影响,实现作物产量提...[目的]长期秸秆还田易因腐解不足引发土壤结构退化及环境风险。本研究基于关中平原冬小麦-夏玉米轮作(麦玉轮作)农田开展秸秆全量还田试验,旨在探究施加不同剂量腐熟剂对麦玉轮作系统秸秆腐解特征及温室气体排放的影响,实现作物产量提升以及温室气体减排。[方法]于2020-2021年在陕西省杨凌示范区进行试验,采用单因素完全随机区组设计,设置腐熟剂30 kg/hm^(2)(T1)、45 kg/hm^(2)(T2)、60 kg/hm^(2)(T3)、75 kg/hm^(2)(T4)共4个处理,以不施腐熟剂(CK)为对照,通过田间试验测算温室气体的周年排放规律,剖析其对全年土壤温室气体(CO_(2)、N2O和CH4)排放特征的影响。[结果]在还田后30、90、120和360 d时,T2的腐解率分别较CK增加30.66%、10.68%、6.95%和3.21%,其中30、90 d时腐解率显著高于CK。该区域农田土壤CO_(2)和N_(2)O是排放源,CH_(4)是吸收汇。施加不同剂量腐熟剂可显著调节温室气体的排放速率与总量。与CK相比,T3处理下周年CO_(2)和N_(2)O累计排放量显著降低,而周年CH_(4)累计吸收量增加2倍。此外,腐熟剂施加对麦玉轮作农田土壤周年温室气体的综合增温潜势(GWP)亦有显著影响。T2处理农田土壤周年GWP为2107.01 kg CO_(2)-eq/hm^(2),温室气体排放强度为0.11 kg CO_(2)-eq/hm^(2)。不同处理之间GWP表现为T4>T1>T2>CK>T3,且不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。T3处理农田土壤周年GWP最低,为1833.20 kg CO_(2)-eq/hm^(2),而温室气体排放强度在T4下达到最大,为0.13 kg CO_(2)-eq/hm^(2)。施加不同剂量腐熟剂对夏玉米和冬小麦产量亦有显著影响,T2的夏玉米产量最高,为12293.78 kg/hm^(2),冬小麦产量为7318.50 kg/hm^(2),总产量最高。[结论]综上所述,秸秆还田配施45 kg/hm^(2)的腐熟剂可加快秸秆分解速率,显著降低周年温室气体的排放量,优化了夏玉米和冬小麦周年产量,既能兼顾环境效益,又在成本控制上更具优势。展开更多
基金Supported by Natural Foundation of Education Department of Henan Province (2010B530001) Science and Technology Innovation Supporting Program Talents of University in Henan Province(2010HASTIT019)+1 种基金Key Technology Research and Demonstration of Large-scale Straw Gasification Equipment (092102310044)Key Technology Research and Demonstration of Large Cascade Straw Digestion Biogas Generating Installation (2009A180013)~~
文摘[Objective]The aim was to isolate cellulose decomposing strains with high activity from straw-amended soil.[Method]Screening of CMC solid culture and shaking culture rescreening were carried out to obtain cellulose decomposing strains with high activity from the corn straw amended soil,which were analyzed by 16rDNA sequence analysis.[Result]A bacterium and a fungus with higher endonucleases activity were obtained through preliminary screening and secondary screening,a fungus with higher filter paper enzyme activity,and a bacterium（NO.5 strain） with higher of both filter paper enzyme activity and CMC enzyme activity were obtained.The result of 16S rDNA sequence analysis showed that the similarity was 100% between NO.5 strain and Bacillus subtilis.[Conclusion]NO.5 strain was identified as Bacillus subtilis.
基金Supported by Agricultural Key Project of Guangdong Province(2007A0201000043)Key Bidding Projects in Key Fields of Guangdong and Hongkong(2006A25001002)Special Fund for the Construction of National Modern Agro-industry Technology System~~
文摘[Objective] The research aimed to obtain an effectively-decomposing strain of silkworm chrysalis protein and discuss its enzymatic properties.[Method] The effectively-decomposing bacteria of protein was isolated from the decayed silkworm chrysalis by using dilution plate and its enzymatic properties were tested after primary screening and second screening.The enzyme activity was determined and the intermediate and small molecule protein content in silkworm chrysalis was measured after solid-state fermentati...
文摘[目的]长期秸秆还田易因腐解不足引发土壤结构退化及环境风险。本研究基于关中平原冬小麦-夏玉米轮作(麦玉轮作)农田开展秸秆全量还田试验,旨在探究施加不同剂量腐熟剂对麦玉轮作系统秸秆腐解特征及温室气体排放的影响,实现作物产量提升以及温室气体减排。[方法]于2020-2021年在陕西省杨凌示范区进行试验,采用单因素完全随机区组设计,设置腐熟剂30 kg/hm^(2)(T1)、45 kg/hm^(2)(T2)、60 kg/hm^(2)(T3)、75 kg/hm^(2)(T4)共4个处理,以不施腐熟剂(CK)为对照,通过田间试验测算温室气体的周年排放规律,剖析其对全年土壤温室气体(CO_(2)、N2O和CH4)排放特征的影响。[结果]在还田后30、90、120和360 d时,T2的腐解率分别较CK增加30.66%、10.68%、6.95%和3.21%,其中30、90 d时腐解率显著高于CK。该区域农田土壤CO_(2)和N_(2)O是排放源,CH_(4)是吸收汇。施加不同剂量腐熟剂可显著调节温室气体的排放速率与总量。与CK相比,T3处理下周年CO_(2)和N_(2)O累计排放量显著降低,而周年CH_(4)累计吸收量增加2倍。此外,腐熟剂施加对麦玉轮作农田土壤周年温室气体的综合增温潜势(GWP)亦有显著影响。T2处理农田土壤周年GWP为2107.01 kg CO_(2)-eq/hm^(2),温室气体排放强度为0.11 kg CO_(2)-eq/hm^(2)。不同处理之间GWP表现为T4>T1>T2>CK>T3,且不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。T3处理农田土壤周年GWP最低,为1833.20 kg CO_(2)-eq/hm^(2),而温室气体排放强度在T4下达到最大,为0.13 kg CO_(2)-eq/hm^(2)。施加不同剂量腐熟剂对夏玉米和冬小麦产量亦有显著影响,T2的夏玉米产量最高,为12293.78 kg/hm^(2),冬小麦产量为7318.50 kg/hm^(2),总产量最高。[结论]综上所述,秸秆还田配施45 kg/hm^(2)的腐熟剂可加快秸秆分解速率,显著降低周年温室气体的排放量,优化了夏玉米和冬小麦周年产量,既能兼顾环境效益,又在成本控制上更具优势。
