As shale gas development is advancing continuously and rapidly,how to deeply analyze the production performance of shale gas wells and evaluate their production characteristics has become an urgent problem in the eval...As shale gas development is advancing continuously and rapidly,how to deeply analyze the production performance of shale gas wells and evaluate their production characteristics has become an urgent problem in the evaluation of shale gas productivity construction zone,the formulation of new area development scheme and the preparation of planning program.Some scholars have applied the Logical Growth Model(LGM)in the production decline analysis of unconventional gas wells,but the influences of shale gas reservoir and development characteristics are not taken into consideration.Therefore,this method still has some space of further development and improvement.In this paper,a Logistic Growth Model considering shale gas reservoirs and development characteristics(RB-LGM)was established based on the previous research results.Then,it was applied to the shale gas development wells in the Changning Block of the Sichuan Basin to analyze their production performance,and the analysis results were compared with thefitting and prediction results provided by the Arps hyperbolic decline model.Finally,the optimal well spacing of horizontal wells was determined using RB-LGM.And the following research results were obtained.First,shale gas is produced by deploying horizontal wells in the clustered pattern in a large number,so on the basis of LGM,RB-LGM takes shale gas reservoir parameters(thickness,shale density,gas content)and development parameters(horizontal section length,well spacing and recovery factor)as the logic control factors of horizontal-well gas productionfitting,so that the production prediction result of gas well is more reasonable.Second,RB-LGM can not only wellfit the early production data of gas well,but ensure the convergence of the later prediction results under the control of logical conditions.Third,RB-LGM takes into account the influence of shale gas reservoir and development characteristics so as to optimize the horizontal well pattern and analyze the change trend of reservoir parameters in the development area through data inversion.展开更多
Co-contamination of diesel fuel and heavy metals can be challenging for microbial remediation due to the complex composition of the fuel and the inhibitory effect of heavy metals.There is an urgent need to study this ...Co-contamination of diesel fuel and heavy metals can be challenging for microbial remediation due to the complex composition of the fuel and the inhibitory effect of heavy metals.There is an urgent need to study this interaction to improve the pollutant removal efficiency in the Polar Regions.The growth of an Antarctic bacterium,Rhodococcus sp.was studied by comparing the growth at the logarithmic phase under the effect of selected heavy metals(Pb,Cr,As,Cd,Cu,Zn,Ni,Hg and Co).The selected heavy metals inhibited the growth of the Rhodococcus sp.on diesel fuel in an order from highest to lowest of:Hg>Zn>Cd>Cu>Co>Ni>As>Pb>Cr.Growth on diesel fuel co-contaminated with Hg and Zn were 2.95%and 5.71%,respectively compared to the no-metal control.A further experiment with various Zn concentrations was conducted.The specific growth rate of Rhodococcus sp.co-contaminated with different concentrations of Zn showed a correlation coefficient(r)of 0.916,and was modelled with an exponential decay model.Additional investigation is needed to determine the effect of low concentration of Zn on hydrocarbon degradation.It is important to understand the relationships between microbes,hydrocarbons and heavy metals,especially in the Polar Regions because this interaction might be promising in treating hydrocarbon-polluted sites containing heavy metals.The data and results also provide baseline tools of bioremediation processes at low temperatures and the knowledge of the ecological roles of Rhodococcus sp.in Antarctica.展开更多
Objective To investigate the effect of moxibustion on central insulin resistance related proteins of the rats suffering from diabetic cognitive decline,and analyze the underlying mechanism of moxibustion for cognition...Objective To investigate the effect of moxibustion on central insulin resistance related proteins of the rats suffering from diabetic cognitive decline,and analyze the underlying mechanism of moxibustion for cognition improvement.Methods Usingthe intraperitoneal injection of STZ combined with a high-fat diet,the rat model of diabetic cognitive decline were prepared.Twenty successfully-modeled rats were assigned randomly into a model group and a moxibustion group,10 rats in each one.Besides,a blank group was set up with 10 rats collected.Inthemoxibustion group,suspending moxibustionwas appliedto“Baihui”(GV20),"Shenting"(CV24)and"Dazhui"(GV14)at the same time,20 min in each intervention,once a day,and 6 interventions were delivered weekly and the duration of treatment was consecutive 4 weeks.The random blood glucose was measured using glucometer,and the learning-memory ability was detected by water maze test.HE staining was used to observe the morphology of neurons in the hippocampal tissue,real-time PCR assay was to detect mRNA expression of insulin receptor substrate 1(IRS1),phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)and protein kinase B(AKT)in the hippocampal tissue.The Western blot method was employed to detect theprotein expressionof IRS1,PI3K,AKT,phosphorylated IRS1(p-IRS1),phosphorylated PI3K(p-PI3K)and phosphorylated AKT(p-AKT)in the hippocampal tissue,and the ratio of p-IRS1/IRS1,p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT was calculated separately.The immunofluorescence intensity of p-IRS1,p-PI3K,and p-AKT was measured using immunofluorescence.Results Compared with the blank group,the rats of the model group exhibited higher random blood glucose(P<0.001),longer escape latency(P<0.001),severe pathological damage in the hippocampus,lower mRNA expression of IRS1,PI3K,and AKT(P<0.001),reduced ratio of p-IRS1/IRS1,p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT(P<0.001),and declined immunofluorescence intensity of p-IRS1,p-PI3K,and p-AKT in the hippocampal tissue(P<0.001).In comparison with the model group,for the rats of the moxibustion group,the random blood glucose decreased(P<0.05),the escape latency was shortened(P<0.01),the hippocampal pathological damage was attenuated,the mRNA expression of IRS1,PI3K and AKT increased(P<0.01),the ratio of p-IRS1/IRS1,p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT was elevated(P<0.01,P<0.05),and the immunofluorescence intensity of p-IRS1,p-PI3K,and p-AKT in the hippocampal tissue was strengthened(P<0.01,P<0.05).Conclusion In diabetic rats experiencing cognitive decline,moxibustion can enhance the learning-memory ability,which may be attributed to modulating the protein expression of IRS1,PI3K,and AKT,and their phosphorylation,activating insulin signal transduction,and reducing central insulin resistance.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Major Science and Technology Project“Evaluation of industrial shale gas productivity construction zone and research on main factors controlling high yield”(No.2017ZX05035-004)。
文摘As shale gas development is advancing continuously and rapidly,how to deeply analyze the production performance of shale gas wells and evaluate their production characteristics has become an urgent problem in the evaluation of shale gas productivity construction zone,the formulation of new area development scheme and the preparation of planning program.Some scholars have applied the Logical Growth Model(LGM)in the production decline analysis of unconventional gas wells,but the influences of shale gas reservoir and development characteristics are not taken into consideration.Therefore,this method still has some space of further development and improvement.In this paper,a Logistic Growth Model considering shale gas reservoirs and development characteristics(RB-LGM)was established based on the previous research results.Then,it was applied to the shale gas development wells in the Changning Block of the Sichuan Basin to analyze their production performance,and the analysis results were compared with thefitting and prediction results provided by the Arps hyperbolic decline model.Finally,the optimal well spacing of horizontal wells was determined using RB-LGM.And the following research results were obtained.First,shale gas is produced by deploying horizontal wells in the clustered pattern in a large number,so on the basis of LGM,RB-LGM takes shale gas reservoir parameters(thickness,shale density,gas content)and development parameters(horizontal section length,well spacing and recovery factor)as the logic control factors of horizontal-well gas productionfitting,so that the production prediction result of gas well is more reasonable.Second,RB-LGM can not only wellfit the early production data of gas well,but ensure the convergence of the later prediction results under the control of logical conditions.Third,RB-LGM takes into account the influence of shale gas reservoir and development characteristics so as to optimize the horizontal well pattern and analyze the change trend of reservoir parameters in the development area through data inversion.
基金supported by Universiti Putra Malaysia attached to WLWJ(Grant no.GP-IPM/2013/9422700)。
文摘Co-contamination of diesel fuel and heavy metals can be challenging for microbial remediation due to the complex composition of the fuel and the inhibitory effect of heavy metals.There is an urgent need to study this interaction to improve the pollutant removal efficiency in the Polar Regions.The growth of an Antarctic bacterium,Rhodococcus sp.was studied by comparing the growth at the logarithmic phase under the effect of selected heavy metals(Pb,Cr,As,Cd,Cu,Zn,Ni,Hg and Co).The selected heavy metals inhibited the growth of the Rhodococcus sp.on diesel fuel in an order from highest to lowest of:Hg>Zn>Cd>Cu>Co>Ni>As>Pb>Cr.Growth on diesel fuel co-contaminated with Hg and Zn were 2.95%and 5.71%,respectively compared to the no-metal control.A further experiment with various Zn concentrations was conducted.The specific growth rate of Rhodococcus sp.co-contaminated with different concentrations of Zn showed a correlation coefficient(r)of 0.916,and was modelled with an exponential decay model.Additional investigation is needed to determine the effect of low concentration of Zn on hydrocarbon degradation.It is important to understand the relationships between microbes,hydrocarbons and heavy metals,especially in the Polar Regions because this interaction might be promising in treating hydrocarbon-polluted sites containing heavy metals.The data and results also provide baseline tools of bioremediation processes at low temperatures and the knowledge of the ecological roles of Rhodococcus sp.in Antarctica.
文摘Objective To investigate the effect of moxibustion on central insulin resistance related proteins of the rats suffering from diabetic cognitive decline,and analyze the underlying mechanism of moxibustion for cognition improvement.Methods Usingthe intraperitoneal injection of STZ combined with a high-fat diet,the rat model of diabetic cognitive decline were prepared.Twenty successfully-modeled rats were assigned randomly into a model group and a moxibustion group,10 rats in each one.Besides,a blank group was set up with 10 rats collected.Inthemoxibustion group,suspending moxibustionwas appliedto“Baihui”(GV20),"Shenting"(CV24)and"Dazhui"(GV14)at the same time,20 min in each intervention,once a day,and 6 interventions were delivered weekly and the duration of treatment was consecutive 4 weeks.The random blood glucose was measured using glucometer,and the learning-memory ability was detected by water maze test.HE staining was used to observe the morphology of neurons in the hippocampal tissue,real-time PCR assay was to detect mRNA expression of insulin receptor substrate 1(IRS1),phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)and protein kinase B(AKT)in the hippocampal tissue.The Western blot method was employed to detect theprotein expressionof IRS1,PI3K,AKT,phosphorylated IRS1(p-IRS1),phosphorylated PI3K(p-PI3K)and phosphorylated AKT(p-AKT)in the hippocampal tissue,and the ratio of p-IRS1/IRS1,p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT was calculated separately.The immunofluorescence intensity of p-IRS1,p-PI3K,and p-AKT was measured using immunofluorescence.Results Compared with the blank group,the rats of the model group exhibited higher random blood glucose(P<0.001),longer escape latency(P<0.001),severe pathological damage in the hippocampus,lower mRNA expression of IRS1,PI3K,and AKT(P<0.001),reduced ratio of p-IRS1/IRS1,p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT(P<0.001),and declined immunofluorescence intensity of p-IRS1,p-PI3K,and p-AKT in the hippocampal tissue(P<0.001).In comparison with the model group,for the rats of the moxibustion group,the random blood glucose decreased(P<0.05),the escape latency was shortened(P<0.01),the hippocampal pathological damage was attenuated,the mRNA expression of IRS1,PI3K and AKT increased(P<0.01),the ratio of p-IRS1/IRS1,p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT was elevated(P<0.01,P<0.05),and the immunofluorescence intensity of p-IRS1,p-PI3K,and p-AKT in the hippocampal tissue was strengthened(P<0.01,P<0.05).Conclusion In diabetic rats experiencing cognitive decline,moxibustion can enhance the learning-memory ability,which may be attributed to modulating the protein expression of IRS1,PI3K,and AKT,and their phosphorylation,activating insulin signal transduction,and reducing central insulin resistance.
