With the goal of minimizing the enciphered data redundancy R , we first make a feasibility analysis on the PKCS which is based on the PR method, indicating its difficulties in real ap...With the goal of minimizing the enciphered data redundancy R , we first make a feasibility analysis on the PKCS which is based on the PR method, indicating its difficulties in real applications. Then we generalize the method to such a case that an arbitrary number system can be utilized in the system. We form some conditions that should be satisfied when we want to create security keys, to encipher plaintexts or to decipher cryptograms. Finally, a qualitative analysis is made on the improved PR method with the results that the data redundancy R of enciphered text for the improved PR method is far smaller than that of the primitive PR method and its enciphering and deciphering procedures are accordingly sped up. Moreover, the security of the new scheme is by no means worse than that of the old one.展开更多
Hearing loss (HL) is the most common sensory disorder, affecting all age groups, ethnicities, and gen-ders. According to World Health Organization (WHO) estimates in 2005, 278 million people worldwide have moderate to...Hearing loss (HL) is the most common sensory disorder, affecting all age groups, ethnicities, and gen-ders. According to World Health Organization (WHO) estimates in 2005, 278 million people worldwide have moderate to profound HL in both ears. Results of the 2002 National Health Interview Survey indicate that nearly 31 million of all non-institutionalized adults (aged 18 and over) in the United States have trouble hearing. Epidemiological studies have estimated that approximately 50%of profound HL can be attributed to genetic causes. With over 60 genes implicated in nonsyndromic hearing loss, it is also an extremely het-erogeneous trait. Recent progress in identifying genes responsible for hearing loss enables otolaryngologists and other clinicians to apply molecular diagnosis by genetic testing. The advent of the $1000 genome has the potential to revolutionize the identification of genes and their mutations underlying genetic disorders. This is especially true for extremely heterogeneous Mendelian conditions such as deafness, where the muta-tion, and indeed the gene, may be private. The recent technological advances in target-enrichment methods and next generation sequencing offer a unique opportunity to break through the barriers of limitations im-posed by gene arrays. These approaches now allow for the complete analysis of all known deafness-causing genes and will result in a new wave of discoveries of the remaining genes for Mendelian disorders. This re-view focuses on describing genotype-phenotype correlations of the most frequent genes including GJB2, which is responsible for more than half of cases, followed by other common genes and on discussing the im-pact of genomic advances for comprehensive genetic testing and gene discovery in hereditary hearing loss.展开更多
A cell is a house to myriad biochemical reactions composed in a symphony of various pathways,both survival and apoptotic.Apoptosis is of fundamental significance to an organ by replacing weary and senile cells with ju...A cell is a house to myriad biochemical reactions composed in a symphony of various pathways,both survival and apoptotic.Apoptosis is of fundamental significance to an organ by replacing weary and senile cells with juvenile cells.展开更多
Copy number variations have been found in patients with neural tube abnormalities.In this study,we performed genome-wide screening using high-resolution array-based comparative genomic hybridization in three children ...Copy number variations have been found in patients with neural tube abnormalities.In this study,we performed genome-wide screening using high-resolution array-based comparative genomic hybridization in three children with tethered spinal cord syndrome and two healthy parents.Of eight copy number variations,four were non-polymorphic.These non-polymorphic copy number variations were associated with Angelman and Prader-Willi syndromes,and microcephaly.Gene function enrichment analysis revealed that COX8 C,a gene associated with metabolic disorders of the nervous system,was located in the copy number variation region of Patient 1.Our results indicate that array-based comparative genomic hybridization can be used to diagnose tethered spinal cord syndrome.Our results may help determine the pathogenesis of tethered spinal cord syndrome and prevent occurrence of this disease.展开更多
The present communication offers a method to determine an unknown discrete probability distribution with specified Tsallis entropy close to uniform distribution. The relative error of the distribution obtained has bee...The present communication offers a method to determine an unknown discrete probability distribution with specified Tsallis entropy close to uniform distribution. The relative error of the distribution obtained has been compared with the distribution obtained with the help of mathematica software. The applications of the proposed algorithm with respect to Tsallis source coding, Huffman coding and cross entropy optimization principles have been provided.展开更多
During the last two decades our understanding of human B cell differentiation has developed considerably. Our understanding of the human B cell compartment has advanced from a point where essentially all assays were b...During the last two decades our understanding of human B cell differentiation has developed considerably. Our understanding of the human B cell compartment has advanced from a point where essentially all assays were based on the presence or not of class-switched antibodies to a level where a substantial diversity is appreciated among the cells involved. Several consecutive transitional stages that newly formed IgM expressing B cells go through after they leave the bone marrow, but before they are fully mature, have been described, and a significant complexity is also acknowledged within the IgM expressing and class-switched memory B cell compartments. It is possible to isolate plasma blasts in blood to follow the formation of plasma cells during immune responses, and the importance and uniqueness of the mucosal IgA system is now much more appreciated. Current data suggest the presence of at least one lineage of human innate-like B cells akin to B 1 and/or marginal zone B cells in mice. In addition, regu- latory B cells with the ability to produce IL-10 have been identified. Clinically, B cell depletion therapy is used for a broad range of conditions. The ability to define different human B cell subtypes using flow cytometry has therefore started to come into clinical use, but as our understanding of human B cell development further progresses, B cell subtype analysis will be of increasing importance in diagnosis, to measure the effect of immune therapy and to understand the underlying causes for diseases. In this review the diversity of human B cells will be discussed, with special focus on current data regarding their phenotypes and functions.展开更多
In the present communication, we have obtained the optimum probability distribution with which the messages should be delivered so that the average redundancy of the source is minimized. Here, we have taken the case o...In the present communication, we have obtained the optimum probability distribution with which the messages should be delivered so that the average redundancy of the source is minimized. Here, we have taken the case of various generalized mean codeword lengths. Moreover, the upper bound to these codeword lengths has been found for the case of Huffman encoding.展开更多
Through the unrelenting endeavors of numerous generations of scholars spanning over a century,the study of Khitan script has attained remarkable academic advancements.Particularly,the usage of Chinese loanwords as piv...Through the unrelenting endeavors of numerous generations of scholars spanning over a century,the study of Khitan script has attained remarkable academic advancements.Particularly,the usage of Chinese loanwords as pivotal linguistic indicators has enabled the successful interpretation of a multitude of Khitan texts,both in large and small scripts,thereby revealing the profound historical and cultural significance encapsulated within these writings.Nonetheless,the field has reached a methodological impasse,hindering further substantial breakthroughs.With the swift progression of artificial intelligence,there is now a promising prospect that Khitan script research can leverage these state-of-the-art technologies,in conjunction with interdisciplinary cooperation,to achieve significant strides.This may,in turn,provides an innovative research paradigm for major breakthroughs in ancient history,language,and culture.展开更多
The current single-cell analysis technologies such as fluorescence-activated cell sorting(FACS)and fluorescence-activated droplet sorting(FADS)could decipher the cellular heterogeneity but were constrained by low sort...The current single-cell analysis technologies such as fluorescence-activated cell sorting(FACS)and fluorescence-activated droplet sorting(FADS)could decipher the cellular heterogeneity but were constrained by low sorting performance and cell viability.Here,an ultra-sensitive single-cell sorting platform has been developed by integrating the FADS technology with Tetramer-HCR-EvaGreen(THE)fluorescence signal amplification.The THE system produced much higher fluorescence signal than that of the single Tetramer or Tetramer-HCR signal amplification.Upon application to target MCF-7 cells,the platform exhibited high efficacy and selectivity while maintaining more than 95%cell viability.The THE-FADS achieved sorting efficiencies of 55.5%and 50.3%with purities of 91%and 85%for MCF-7 cells in PBS solutions and simulated serum samples,respectively.The sorted MCF-7 cells showed similar proliferation together with CK19 and EGFR mRNA expression compared with the control cells.The established THE-FADS showed the promising prospects to cellular heterogeneity understanding and personalized medicine.展开更多
文摘With the goal of minimizing the enciphered data redundancy R , we first make a feasibility analysis on the PKCS which is based on the PR method, indicating its difficulties in real applications. Then we generalize the method to such a case that an arbitrary number system can be utilized in the system. We form some conditions that should be satisfied when we want to create security keys, to encipher plaintexts or to decipher cryptograms. Finally, a qualitative analysis is made on the improved PR method with the results that the data redundancy R of enciphered text for the improved PR method is far smaller than that of the primitive PR method and its enciphering and deciphering procedures are accordingly sped up. Moreover, the security of the new scheme is by no means worse than that of the old one.
文摘Hearing loss (HL) is the most common sensory disorder, affecting all age groups, ethnicities, and gen-ders. According to World Health Organization (WHO) estimates in 2005, 278 million people worldwide have moderate to profound HL in both ears. Results of the 2002 National Health Interview Survey indicate that nearly 31 million of all non-institutionalized adults (aged 18 and over) in the United States have trouble hearing. Epidemiological studies have estimated that approximately 50%of profound HL can be attributed to genetic causes. With over 60 genes implicated in nonsyndromic hearing loss, it is also an extremely het-erogeneous trait. Recent progress in identifying genes responsible for hearing loss enables otolaryngologists and other clinicians to apply molecular diagnosis by genetic testing. The advent of the $1000 genome has the potential to revolutionize the identification of genes and their mutations underlying genetic disorders. This is especially true for extremely heterogeneous Mendelian conditions such as deafness, where the muta-tion, and indeed the gene, may be private. The recent technological advances in target-enrichment methods and next generation sequencing offer a unique opportunity to break through the barriers of limitations im-posed by gene arrays. These approaches now allow for the complete analysis of all known deafness-causing genes and will result in a new wave of discoveries of the remaining genes for Mendelian disorders. This re-view focuses on describing genotype-phenotype correlations of the most frequent genes including GJB2, which is responsible for more than half of cases, followed by other common genes and on discussing the im-pact of genomic advances for comprehensive genetic testing and gene discovery in hereditary hearing loss.
文摘A cell is a house to myriad biochemical reactions composed in a symphony of various pathways,both survival and apoptotic.Apoptosis is of fundamental significance to an organ by replacing weary and senile cells with juvenile cells.
文摘Copy number variations have been found in patients with neural tube abnormalities.In this study,we performed genome-wide screening using high-resolution array-based comparative genomic hybridization in three children with tethered spinal cord syndrome and two healthy parents.Of eight copy number variations,four were non-polymorphic.These non-polymorphic copy number variations were associated with Angelman and Prader-Willi syndromes,and microcephaly.Gene function enrichment analysis revealed that COX8 C,a gene associated with metabolic disorders of the nervous system,was located in the copy number variation region of Patient 1.Our results indicate that array-based comparative genomic hybridization can be used to diagnose tethered spinal cord syndrome.Our results may help determine the pathogenesis of tethered spinal cord syndrome and prevent occurrence of this disease.
文摘The present communication offers a method to determine an unknown discrete probability distribution with specified Tsallis entropy close to uniform distribution. The relative error of the distribution obtained has been compared with the distribution obtained with the help of mathematica software. The applications of the proposed algorithm with respect to Tsallis source coding, Huffman coding and cross entropy optimization principles have been provided.
文摘During the last two decades our understanding of human B cell differentiation has developed considerably. Our understanding of the human B cell compartment has advanced from a point where essentially all assays were based on the presence or not of class-switched antibodies to a level where a substantial diversity is appreciated among the cells involved. Several consecutive transitional stages that newly formed IgM expressing B cells go through after they leave the bone marrow, but before they are fully mature, have been described, and a significant complexity is also acknowledged within the IgM expressing and class-switched memory B cell compartments. It is possible to isolate plasma blasts in blood to follow the formation of plasma cells during immune responses, and the importance and uniqueness of the mucosal IgA system is now much more appreciated. Current data suggest the presence of at least one lineage of human innate-like B cells akin to B 1 and/or marginal zone B cells in mice. In addition, regu- latory B cells with the ability to produce IL-10 have been identified. Clinically, B cell depletion therapy is used for a broad range of conditions. The ability to define different human B cell subtypes using flow cytometry has therefore started to come into clinical use, but as our understanding of human B cell development further progresses, B cell subtype analysis will be of increasing importance in diagnosis, to measure the effect of immune therapy and to understand the underlying causes for diseases. In this review the diversity of human B cells will be discussed, with special focus on current data regarding their phenotypes and functions.
文摘In the present communication, we have obtained the optimum probability distribution with which the messages should be delivered so that the average redundancy of the source is minimized. Here, we have taken the case of various generalized mean codeword lengths. Moreover, the upper bound to these codeword lengths has been found for the case of Huffman encoding.
基金a phased result of the National Social Science Fund Special Project on Rare and Endangered Studies,“Khitan Script Compilation and Liao History Research”(21VJXG014)
文摘Through the unrelenting endeavors of numerous generations of scholars spanning over a century,the study of Khitan script has attained remarkable academic advancements.Particularly,the usage of Chinese loanwords as pivotal linguistic indicators has enabled the successful interpretation of a multitude of Khitan texts,both in large and small scripts,thereby revealing the profound historical and cultural significance encapsulated within these writings.Nonetheless,the field has reached a methodological impasse,hindering further substantial breakthroughs.With the swift progression of artificial intelligence,there is now a promising prospect that Khitan script research can leverage these state-of-the-art technologies,in conjunction with interdisciplinary cooperation,to achieve significant strides.This may,in turn,provides an innovative research paradigm for major breakthroughs in ancient history,language,and culture.
基金funded by National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant number 2022YFC3502002)CAS-NSTDA Joint Research Project(2024)(grant number 101GJHZ2024017MI).
文摘The current single-cell analysis technologies such as fluorescence-activated cell sorting(FACS)and fluorescence-activated droplet sorting(FADS)could decipher the cellular heterogeneity but were constrained by low sorting performance and cell viability.Here,an ultra-sensitive single-cell sorting platform has been developed by integrating the FADS technology with Tetramer-HCR-EvaGreen(THE)fluorescence signal amplification.The THE system produced much higher fluorescence signal than that of the single Tetramer or Tetramer-HCR signal amplification.Upon application to target MCF-7 cells,the platform exhibited high efficacy and selectivity while maintaining more than 95%cell viability.The THE-FADS achieved sorting efficiencies of 55.5%and 50.3%with purities of 91%and 85%for MCF-7 cells in PBS solutions and simulated serum samples,respectively.The sorted MCF-7 cells showed similar proliferation together with CK19 and EGFR mRNA expression compared with the control cells.The established THE-FADS showed the promising prospects to cellular heterogeneity understanding and personalized medicine.
