Viral infectious diseases,characterized by their intricate nature and wide-ranging diversity,pose substantial challenges in the domain of data management.The vast volume of data generated by these diseases,spanning fr...Viral infectious diseases,characterized by their intricate nature and wide-ranging diversity,pose substantial challenges in the domain of data management.The vast volume of data generated by these diseases,spanning from the molecular mechanisms within cells to large-scale epidemiological patterns,has surpassed the capabilities of traditional analytical methods.In the era of artificial intelligence(AI)and big data,there is an urgent necessity for the optimization of these analytical methods to more effectively handle and utilize the information.Despite the rapid accumulation of data associated with viral infections,the lack of a comprehensive framework for integrating,selecting,and analyzing these datasets has left numerous researchers uncertain about which data to select,how to access it,and how to utilize it most effectively in their research.This review endeavors to fill these gaps by exploring the multifaceted nature of viral infectious diseases and summarizing relevant data across multiple levels,from the molecular details of pathogens to broad epidemiological trends.The scope extends from the micro-scale to the macro-scale,encompassing pathogens,hosts,and vectors.In addition to data summarization,this review thoroughly investigates various dataset sources.It also traces the historical evolution of data collection in the field of viral infectious diseases,highlighting the progress achieved over time.Simultaneously,it evaluates the current limitations that impede data utilization.Furthermore,we propose strategies to surmount these challenges,focusing on the development and application of advanced computational techniques,AI-driven models,and enhanced data integration practices.By providing a comprehensive synthesis of existing knowledge,this review is designed to guide future research and contribute to more informed approaches in the surveillance,prevention,and control of viral infectious diseases,particularly within the context of the expanding big-data landscape.展开更多
With the continuous advancement of the tiered diagnosis and treatment system,the medical consortium model has gained increasing attention as an important approach to promoting the vertical integration of healthcare re...With the continuous advancement of the tiered diagnosis and treatment system,the medical consortium model has gained increasing attention as an important approach to promoting the vertical integration of healthcare resources.Within this context,laboratory data,as a key component of healthcare information systems,urgently requires efficient sharing and intelligent analysis.This paper designs and constructs an intelligent early warning system for laboratory data based on a cloud platform tailored to the medical consortium model.Through standardized data formats and unified access interfaces,the system enables the integration and cleaning of laboratory data across multiple healthcare institutions.By combining medical rule sets with machine learning models,the system achieves graded alerts and rapid responses to abnormal key indicators and potential outbreaks of infectious diseases.Practical deployment results demonstrate that the system significantly improves the utilization efficiency of laboratory data,strengthens public health event monitoring,and optimizes inter-institutional collaboration.The paper also discusses challenges encountered during system implementation,such as inconsistent data standards,security and compliance concerns,and model interpretability,and proposes corresponding optimization strategies.These findings provide a reference for the broader application of intelligent medical early warning systems.展开更多
Standardized datasets are foundational to healthcare informatization by enhancing data quality and unleashing the value of data elements.Using bibliometrics and content analysis,this study examines China's healthc...Standardized datasets are foundational to healthcare informatization by enhancing data quality and unleashing the value of data elements.Using bibliometrics and content analysis,this study examines China's healthcare dataset standards from 2011 to 2025.It analyzes their evolution across types,applications,institutions,and themes,highlighting key achievements including substantial growth in quantity,optimized typology,expansion into innovative application scenarios such as health decision support,and broadened institutional involvement.The study also identifies critical challenges,including imbalanced development,insufficient quality control,and a lack of essential metadata—such as authoritative data element mappings and privacy annotations—which hampers the delivery of intelligent services.To address these challenges,the study proposes a multi-faceted strategy focused on optimizing the standard system's architecture,enhancing quality and implementation,and advancing both data governance—through authoritative tracing and privacy protection—and intelligent service provision.These strategies aim to promote the application of dataset standards,thereby fostering and securing the development of new productive forces in healthcare.展开更多
Progress in developing robust therapies for spinal cord injury （SCI）, trau- matic brain injury （TBI） and peripheral nerve injury has been slow. A great deal has been learned over the past 30 years regarding both t...Progress in developing robust therapies for spinal cord injury （SCI）, trau- matic brain injury （TBI） and peripheral nerve injury has been slow. A great deal has been learned over the past 30 years regarding both the intrinsic factors and the environmental factors that regulate axon growth, but this large body of information has not yet resulted in clinically available thera- peutics. This therapeutic bottleneck has many root causes, but a consensus is emerging that one contributing factor is a lack of standards for experi- mental design and reporting. The absence of reporting standards, and even of commonly accepted definitions of key words, also make data mining and bioinformatics analysis of neural plasticity and regeneration difficult, if not impossible. This short review will consider relevant background and poten- tial solutions to this problem in the axon regeneration domain.展开更多
Commentary Most would agree that providing comprehensive detail in scientific reporting is critical for the development of mean- ingful therapies and treatments for diseases. Such stellar practices 1） allow for repro...Commentary Most would agree that providing comprehensive detail in scientific reporting is critical for the development of mean- ingful therapies and treatments for diseases. Such stellar practices 1） allow for reproduction of experiments to con- firm results, 2） promote thorough analyses of data, and 3） foster the incremental advancement of valid approaches. Unfortunately, most would also agree we have far to go to reach this vital goal （Hackam and Redelmeier, 2006; Prinz et al., 2011; Baker et al., 2014）.展开更多
To make inorganic structure data more useful for further studies a five-point list of simple procedures to be followed by authors of crystal structure papers is proposed. 1. A crystal structure should be described wit...To make inorganic structure data more useful for further studies a five-point list of simple procedures to be followed by authors of crystal structure papers is proposed. 1. A crystal structure should be described with the space group corresponding to its true symmetry. 2. A new structure proposal should be tested, if it is realistic in principle. 3. A structure should be described with a space group in a setting given in the International Tables. 4. For a comparison with other structures the structure data should be standardized with the program STRUCTURE TIDY. 5. 揘ew?structure data should be checked in the databases, Chemical Abstracts or on-line internet resources, if they are really new. The list is supplemented with many explanations, commentaries, examples and references.展开更多
1.1. Development of international data exchange standards in securities field Securities market involves a large number of participants, like investors, securities companies, exchanges, clearingcorporations and so on...1.1. Development of international data exchange standards in securities field Securities market involves a large number of participants, like investors, securities companies, exchanges, clearingcorporations and so on. Businesses among the participants are completed via data exchange. Therefore, the data exchange protocols serve an important factor to determine and promote the sate and rapid development of the securities market.展开更多
Data standardization is an important part of data preprocessing,which directly affects the feasibility and distinction of the indicator system.This study proposes a data standardization framework to achieve flexible d...Data standardization is an important part of data preprocessing,which directly affects the feasibility and distinction of the indicator system.This study proposes a data standardization framework to achieve flexible data standardization through data feature identification,cluster analysis,and weighted data transformation.The proposed method could handle locally inflated distribution with long tails.The results of this study enrich the method library of data standardization,allowing researchers to have more targeted data differentiation capabilities in the establishment of indicator systems.展开更多
In the course of network supported collaborative design,the data processing plays a very vital role.Much effort has been spent in this area,and many kinds of approaches have been proposed.Based on the correlative mate...In the course of network supported collaborative design,the data processing plays a very vital role.Much effort has been spent in this area,and many kinds of approaches have been proposed.Based on the correlative materials,this paper presents extensible markup language(XML)based strategy for several important problems of data processing in network supported collaborative design,such as the representation of standard for the exchange of product model data(STEP)with XML in the product information expression and the management of XML documents using relational database.The paper gives a detailed exposition on how to clarify the mapping between XML structure and the relationship database structure and how XML-QL queries can be translated into structured query language(SQL)queries.Finally,the structure of data processing system based on XML is presented.展开更多
Accurate characterization of the chemical composition of complex traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is an essential foundation for the modern scientific interpretation of TCM principles.Mass spectrometry is the most dom...Accurate characterization of the chemical composition of complex traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is an essential foundation for the modern scientific interpretation of TCM principles.Mass spectrometry is the most dominant technique in current research on the material basis of TCM,offering the highest sensitivity and the richest information provision.Establishing mass spectrometry databases represents the most effective approach to facilitating the structural analysis of TCM chemical components.This paper systematically searches and reviews literature published from January 2005 to January 2025 through online databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure,PubMed,and Web of Science,using“mass spectrometry database”and“traditional Chinese medicine”as keywords.It reviews the current status of seven TCM chemical component mass spectrometry databases and seven natural product mass spectrometry databases.The key advancements of these mass spectrometry databases for natural products are summarized,detailing their characteristics,search methodologies,included information,and data sources.Additionally,challenges related to data quality,standardization,timely updates,database interaction,retrieval functionality,and data sharing and security are discussed in depth.Furthermore,the paper explores prospective development directions for TCM mass spectrometry databases,emphasizing the importance of open data sharing,technological innovation,and data security.Through this analysis,the paper aims to offer theoretical guidance and practical recommendations for the precise identification of TCM components,as well as for the construction and application of these databases.展开更多
The geometrical and topological information of 3D computer aided design （CAD） models should be represented as a neut- ral format file to exchange the data between different CAD systems. Exchange of 3D CAD model data...The geometrical and topological information of 3D computer aided design （CAD） models should be represented as a neut- ral format file to exchange the data between different CAD systems. Exchange of 3D CAD model data implies that the companies must exchange complete information about their products, all the way from design, manufacturing to inspection and shipping. This informa- tion should be available to each relevant partner over the entire life cycle of the product. This led to the development of an international standard organization （ISO） neutral format file named as standard for the exchange of product model data （STEP）. It has been ob- served from the literature, the feature recognition systems developed were identified as planar, cylindrical, conical and to some extent spherical and toroidal surfaces. The advanced surface features such as B-spline and its subtypes are not identified. Therefore, in this work, a STEP-based feature recognition system is developed to recognize t--spline surface features and its sub-types from the 3D CAD model represented in AP203 neutral file format. The developed feature recognition system is implemented in Java programming language and the product model data represented in STEP AP203 format is interpreted through Java standard data access interface （JSDAI）. The developed system could recognize B-spline surface features such as B-Spline surface with knots, quasi uniform surface, uniform surface, rational surface and Bezier surface. The application of extracted B-spline surface features information is discussed with reference to the toolpath generation for STEP-NC （STEP AP238）.展开更多
In the data encryption standard （DES） algorithm, there exist several bit-switching functions, including permutations, expansion, and permuted choices. They are generally presented in the form of matrixes and realize...In the data encryption standard （DES） algorithm, there exist several bit-switching functions, including permutations, expansion, and permuted choices. They are generally presented in the form of matrixes and realized by using table look-up technique in the implementation of the cryptosystem. This paper presents explicit formulas for the initial permutation IP, its inverse IP-1 , the expansion function E, and the permuted choice PC_1. It also gives the program realizations of these functions in C＋＋ applying these formulas. With the advantage of the omission of the storage space for these matrixes and the tedious inputs of tables in the implementations of DES, our experimental results shows that the explicit formulas are useful in some situations, such as wireless sensor networks where the memory capacity is limited, especially when the size of file for encrypting is not too large, preferably smaller than 256KB.展开更多
1|THE FUTURE OF HEALTH IS DIGITAL.Digital health has shown significant promise in improving health outcomes.However,its transformation faces various challenges,including resource distribution disparities across countr...1|THE FUTURE OF HEALTH IS DIGITAL.Digital health has shown significant promise in improving health outcomes.However,its transformation faces various challenges,including resource distribution disparities across countries,varying definitions and standards for digital solutions,and a lack of coordination in digital health investments[1].展开更多
The paper mainly discusses the integrity of the forwarded subscription message guaranteed by secure channel which encrypted in data communication by using data encryption standard （DES） algorithm and chaos code algo...The paper mainly discusses the integrity of the forwarded subscription message guaranteed by secure channel which encrypted in data communication by using data encryption standard （DES） algorithm and chaos code algorithm between broker nodes in the routing process of the contentbased publish/subscribe system. It analyzes the security of the secure channel encrypted with data communication by DES algorithm and chaos code algorithm, and finds out the secure channel can be easily attacked by known plain text. Therefore, the paper proposes the improved algorithm of message encryption and authentication, combining encryption and the generation of the message authentication code together to finish scanning at one time, which enhances both the secure degree and running efficiency. This secure channel system has a certain reference value to the pub/sub system requiring highly communication security.展开更多
Fixture design and planning is one of the most important manufacturing activities, playing a pivotal role in deciding the lead time for product development. Fixture design, which affects the part-quality in terms of g...Fixture design and planning is one of the most important manufacturing activities, playing a pivotal role in deciding the lead time for product development. Fixture design, which affects the part-quality in terms of geometric accuracy and surface finish, can be enhanced by using the product manufacturing information(PMI) stored in the neutral standard for the exchange of product model data(STEP) file, thereby integrating design and manufacturing. The present paper proposes a unique fixture design approach, to extract the geometry information from STEP application protocol(AP) 242 files of computer aided design(CAD) models, for providing automatic suggestions of locator positions and clamping surfaces. Automatic feature extraction software "FiXplan", developed using the programming language C#, is used to extract the part feature, dimension and geometry information. The information from the STEP AP 242 file is deduced using geometric reasoning techniques, which in turn is utilized for fixture planning. The developed software is observed to be adept in identifying the primary, secondary, and tertiary locating faces and locator position configurations of prismatic components. Structural analysis of the prismatic part under different locator positions was performed using commercial finite element method software, ABAQUS, and the optimized locator position was identified on the basis of minimum deformation of the workpiece.The area-ratio(base locator enclosed area(%)/work piece base area(%)) for the ideal locator configuration was observed as 33%. Experiments were conducted on a prismatic workpiece using a specially designed fixture, for different locator configurations. The surface roughness and waviness of the machined surfaces were analysed using an Alicona non-contact optical profilometer. The best surface characteristics were obtained for the surface machined under the ideal locator positions having an area-ratio of 33%, thus validating the predicted numerical results. The efficiency, capability and applicability of the developed software is demonstrated for the finishing operation of a sensor cover – a typical prismatic component having applications in the naval industry, under different locator configurations.The best results were obtained under the proposed ideal locator configuration of area-ratio 33%.展开更多
Thousands of community-developed(meta)data guidelines,models,ontologies,schemas and formats have been created and implemented by several thousand data repositories and knowledge-bases,across all disciplines.These reso...Thousands of community-developed(meta)data guidelines,models,ontologies,schemas and formats have been created and implemented by several thousand data repositories and knowledge-bases,across all disciplines.These resources are necessary to meet government,funder and publisher expectations of greater transparency and access to and preservation of data related to research publications.This obligates researchers to ensure their data is FAIR,share their data using the appropriate standards,store their data in sustainable and community-adopted repositories,and to conform to funder and publisher data policies.FAIR data sharing also plays a key role in enabling researchers to evaluate,re-analyse and reproduce each other’s work.We can map the landscape of relationships between community-adopted standards and repositories,and the journal publisher and funder data policies that recommend their use.In this paper,we show how the work of the GO-FAIR FAIR Standards,Repositories and Policies(StRePo)Implementation Network serves as a central integration and cross-fertilisation point for the reuse of FAIR standards,repositories and data policies in general.Pivotal to this effort,the FAIRsharing,an endorsed flagship resource of the Research Data Alliance that maps the landscape of relationships between community-adopted standards and repositories,and the journal publisher and funder data policies that recommend their use.Lastly,we highlight a number of activities around FAIR tools,services and educational efforts to raise awareness and encourage participation.展开更多
With the growth in the vehicle industry,autonomous driving has become a hot topic worldwide and has attracted increasing attention from both industrial and academic sectors.Maps,as pivotal geospatial information carri...With the growth in the vehicle industry,autonomous driving has become a hot topic worldwide and has attracted increasing attention from both industrial and academic sectors.Maps,as pivotal geospatial information carriers,play a vital role in route planning and navigation service.Compared with conventional maps,high-definition(HD)maps possesses higher precision,richer information,and various services and are regarded as critical infrastructure for autonomous driving.However,heterogeneous HD map data standards and models have different characteristics and advantages,and thus they rarely meet all autonomous driving requirements for different driving objectives.This research presents an interoperable map data model,the Open HD Map Service Model(OHDMSM),to provide a reference for HD map development.The designed OHDMSM,which contains three data layers and a set of corresponding interfaces,demonstrates high interoperability for HD map data fusion and application.As a proof of concept,an HD map data system is implemented with all functions following the designed data model and interfaces of OHDMSM.The design and development of OHDMSM data structures,interfaces and systems will benefit data requesting,updating,and interoperation for HD map data worldwide,which can be helpful for developing autonomous driving and intelligent transportation in the Digital Earth.展开更多
The FAIR data guiding principles have been recently developed and widely adopted to improve the Findability,Accessibility,Interoperability,and Reuse of digital assets in the face of an exponential increase of data vol...The FAIR data guiding principles have been recently developed and widely adopted to improve the Findability,Accessibility,Interoperability,and Reuse of digital assets in the face of an exponential increase of data volume and complexity.The FAIR data principles have been formulated on a general level and the technological implementation of these principles remains up to the industries and organizations working on maximizing the value of their data.Here,we describe the data management and curation methodologies and best practices developed for FAIRification of clinical exploratory biomarker data collected from over 250 clinical studies.We discuss the data curation effort involved,the resulting output,and the business and scientific impact of our work.Finally,we propose prospective planning for FAIR data to optimize data management efforts and maximize data value.展开更多
The global movement of people and goods has increased the risk of biosecurity threats and their potential to induce large economic,social,and environmental harm.Integration of biosafety monitoring networks has become ...The global movement of people and goods has increased the risk of biosecurity threats and their potential to induce large economic,social,and environmental harm.Integration of biosafety monitoring networks has become a top priority for addressing biosafety issues.In order to resolve the data standards and integration problems in the field of biosafety in China,the Biosafety Surveillance Conceptual Data Model(BSCDM),which is an object-oriented,hierarchically designed,flexible and scalable biosafety surveillance concept data model,is proposed in this article.This model is based on the integration of business process management and data resources of disease surveillance,animal disease surveillance and potential invasive biological monitoring.In reference to the Public Health Conceptual Data Model(PHCDM)and Federal Enterprise Architecture(FEA),BSCDM conducts a thorough analysis of biosafety monitoring activities,records basic information requirements of biosafety monitoring and provides data set standards for biosafety-related activities.It is developed with the Unified Modeling Language(UML)and could be applied as an open standard for accelerating data analysis and promoting collaboration.This study attempts to integrate biosafety monitoring data and the presented model has been tested in the detection of dengue fever in China and will be applied to other biosafety fields.展开更多
The Geoscience Markup Language(GeoSciML)has been developed to enable the interchange of geoscience information,principally that portrayed on geological maps as well as boreholes.A GeoSciML testbed was developed both t...The Geoscience Markup Language(GeoSciML)has been developed to enable the interchange of geoscience information,principally that portrayed on geological maps as well as boreholes.A GeoSciML testbed was developed both to test the implementation of the data model and its application in web services.The OneGeology-Europe project aims to use the GeoSciML data model,and build on the experience of the GeoSciML testbed,in implementing a geoportal for a harmonised geological map of Europe at 1:1 million scale.This involves the integration of web services from 20 participating organisations.An important objective of OneGeology-Europe is to contribute to Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community(INSPIRE),both through the development of a geological data specification and the use of the INSPIRE technical architecture.GeoSciML and the OneGeology-Europe project are also steps towards incorporating geoscience data into a Digital Earth.Both the development of GeoSciML and the implementation of web services for GeoSciML and OneGeology-Europe,have followed a standards-based metho-dology.The technical architecture comprises a geoportal providing access to a Catalogue Service for the Web for metadata describing both the data and services available.OneGeology-Europe will provide bothWeb Map Services view andWeb Feature Services download services,which aim to be compliant with the INSPIRE implementing rules.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32370703)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)(2022-I2M-1-021,2021-I2M-1-061)the Major Project of Guangzhou National Labora-tory(GZNL2024A01015).
文摘Viral infectious diseases,characterized by their intricate nature and wide-ranging diversity,pose substantial challenges in the domain of data management.The vast volume of data generated by these diseases,spanning from the molecular mechanisms within cells to large-scale epidemiological patterns,has surpassed the capabilities of traditional analytical methods.In the era of artificial intelligence(AI)and big data,there is an urgent necessity for the optimization of these analytical methods to more effectively handle and utilize the information.Despite the rapid accumulation of data associated with viral infections,the lack of a comprehensive framework for integrating,selecting,and analyzing these datasets has left numerous researchers uncertain about which data to select,how to access it,and how to utilize it most effectively in their research.This review endeavors to fill these gaps by exploring the multifaceted nature of viral infectious diseases and summarizing relevant data across multiple levels,from the molecular details of pathogens to broad epidemiological trends.The scope extends from the micro-scale to the macro-scale,encompassing pathogens,hosts,and vectors.In addition to data summarization,this review thoroughly investigates various dataset sources.It also traces the historical evolution of data collection in the field of viral infectious diseases,highlighting the progress achieved over time.Simultaneously,it evaluates the current limitations that impede data utilization.Furthermore,we propose strategies to surmount these challenges,focusing on the development and application of advanced computational techniques,AI-driven models,and enhanced data integration practices.By providing a comprehensive synthesis of existing knowledge,this review is designed to guide future research and contribute to more informed approaches in the surveillance,prevention,and control of viral infectious diseases,particularly within the context of the expanding big-data landscape.
文摘With the continuous advancement of the tiered diagnosis and treatment system,the medical consortium model has gained increasing attention as an important approach to promoting the vertical integration of healthcare resources.Within this context,laboratory data,as a key component of healthcare information systems,urgently requires efficient sharing and intelligent analysis.This paper designs and constructs an intelligent early warning system for laboratory data based on a cloud platform tailored to the medical consortium model.Through standardized data formats and unified access interfaces,the system enables the integration and cleaning of laboratory data across multiple healthcare institutions.By combining medical rule sets with machine learning models,the system achieves graded alerts and rapid responses to abnormal key indicators and potential outbreaks of infectious diseases.Practical deployment results demonstrate that the system significantly improves the utilization efficiency of laboratory data,strengthens public health event monitoring,and optimizes inter-institutional collaboration.The paper also discusses challenges encountered during system implementation,such as inconsistent data standards,security and compliance concerns,and model interpretability,and proposes corresponding optimization strategies.These findings provide a reference for the broader application of intelligent medical early warning systems.
文摘Standardized datasets are foundational to healthcare informatization by enhancing data quality and unleashing the value of data elements.Using bibliometrics and content analysis,this study examines China's healthcare dataset standards from 2011 to 2025.It analyzes their evolution across types,applications,institutions,and themes,highlighting key achievements including substantial growth in quantity,optimized typology,expansion into innovative application scenarios such as health decision support,and broadened institutional involvement.The study also identifies critical challenges,including imbalanced development,insufficient quality control,and a lack of essential metadata—such as authoritative data element mappings and privacy annotations—which hampers the delivery of intelligent services.To address these challenges,the study proposes a multi-faceted strategy focused on optimizing the standard system's architecture,enhancing quality and implementation,and advancing both data governance—through authoritative tracing and privacy protection—and intelligent service provision.These strategies aim to promote the application of dataset standards,thereby fostering and securing the development of new productive forces in healthcare.
基金Research in the Lemmon/Bixby lab is supported by NIH grants NS080145 and NS059866by the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis
文摘Progress in developing robust therapies for spinal cord injury （SCI）, trau- matic brain injury （TBI） and peripheral nerve injury has been slow. A great deal has been learned over the past 30 years regarding both the intrinsic factors and the environmental factors that regulate axon growth, but this large body of information has not yet resulted in clinically available thera- peutics. This therapeutic bottleneck has many root causes, but a consensus is emerging that one contributing factor is a lack of standards for experi- mental design and reporting. The absence of reporting standards, and even of commonly accepted definitions of key words, also make data mining and bioinformatics analysis of neural plasticity and regeneration difficult, if not impossible. This short review will consider relevant background and poten- tial solutions to this problem in the axon regeneration domain.
文摘Commentary Most would agree that providing comprehensive detail in scientific reporting is critical for the development of mean- ingful therapies and treatments for diseases. Such stellar practices 1） allow for reproduction of experiments to con- firm results, 2） promote thorough analyses of data, and 3） foster the incremental advancement of valid approaches. Unfortunately, most would also agree we have far to go to reach this vital goal （Hackam and Redelmeier, 2006; Prinz et al., 2011; Baker et al., 2014）.
文摘To make inorganic structure data more useful for further studies a five-point list of simple procedures to be followed by authors of crystal structure papers is proposed. 1. A crystal structure should be described with the space group corresponding to its true symmetry. 2. A new structure proposal should be tested, if it is realistic in principle. 3. A structure should be described with a space group in a setting given in the International Tables. 4. For a comparison with other structures the structure data should be standardized with the program STRUCTURE TIDY. 5. 揘ew?structure data should be checked in the databases, Chemical Abstracts or on-line internet resources, if they are really new. The list is supplemented with many explanations, commentaries, examples and references.
文摘1.1. Development of international data exchange standards in securities field Securities market involves a large number of participants, like investors, securities companies, exchanges, clearingcorporations and so on. Businesses among the participants are completed via data exchange. Therefore, the data exchange protocols serve an important factor to determine and promote the sate and rapid development of the securities market.
文摘Data standardization is an important part of data preprocessing,which directly affects the feasibility and distinction of the indicator system.This study proposes a data standardization framework to achieve flexible data standardization through data feature identification,cluster analysis,and weighted data transformation.The proposed method could handle locally inflated distribution with long tails.The results of this study enrich the method library of data standardization,allowing researchers to have more targeted data differentiation capabilities in the establishment of indicator systems.
基金supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(No.AA420060)
文摘In the course of network supported collaborative design,the data processing plays a very vital role.Much effort has been spent in this area,and many kinds of approaches have been proposed.Based on the correlative materials,this paper presents extensible markup language(XML)based strategy for several important problems of data processing in network supported collaborative design,such as the representation of standard for the exchange of product model data(STEP)with XML in the product information expression and the management of XML documents using relational database.The paper gives a detailed exposition on how to clarify the mapping between XML structure and the relationship database structure and how XML-QL queries can be translated into structured query language(SQL)queries.Finally,the structure of data processing system based on XML is presented.
基金the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.7252249)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82104380)+1 种基金the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(Nos.CI2023E002,CI2023C071YLL, CI2023C039YGL)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(No.ZZ14-YQ-047, ZZ15-WT-04)。
文摘Accurate characterization of the chemical composition of complex traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is an essential foundation for the modern scientific interpretation of TCM principles.Mass spectrometry is the most dominant technique in current research on the material basis of TCM,offering the highest sensitivity and the richest information provision.Establishing mass spectrometry databases represents the most effective approach to facilitating the structural analysis of TCM chemical components.This paper systematically searches and reviews literature published from January 2005 to January 2025 through online databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure,PubMed,and Web of Science,using“mass spectrometry database”and“traditional Chinese medicine”as keywords.It reviews the current status of seven TCM chemical component mass spectrometry databases and seven natural product mass spectrometry databases.The key advancements of these mass spectrometry databases for natural products are summarized,detailing their characteristics,search methodologies,included information,and data sources.Additionally,challenges related to data quality,standardization,timely updates,database interaction,retrieval functionality,and data sharing and security are discussed in depth.Furthermore,the paper explores prospective development directions for TCM mass spectrometry databases,emphasizing the importance of open data sharing,technological innovation,and data security.Through this analysis,the paper aims to offer theoretical guidance and practical recommendations for the precise identification of TCM components,as well as for the construction and application of these databases.
文摘The geometrical and topological information of 3D computer aided design （CAD） models should be represented as a neut- ral format file to exchange the data between different CAD systems. Exchange of 3D CAD model data implies that the companies must exchange complete information about their products, all the way from design, manufacturing to inspection and shipping. This informa- tion should be available to each relevant partner over the entire life cycle of the product. This led to the development of an international standard organization （ISO） neutral format file named as standard for the exchange of product model data （STEP）. It has been ob- served from the literature, the feature recognition systems developed were identified as planar, cylindrical, conical and to some extent spherical and toroidal surfaces. The advanced surface features such as B-spline and its subtypes are not identified. Therefore, in this work, a STEP-based feature recognition system is developed to recognize t--spline surface features and its sub-types from the 3D CAD model represented in AP203 neutral file format. The developed feature recognition system is implemented in Java programming language and the product model data represented in STEP AP203 format is interpreted through Java standard data access interface （JSDAI）. The developed system could recognize B-spline surface features such as B-Spline surface with knots, quasi uniform surface, uniform surface, rational surface and Bezier surface. The application of extracted B-spline surface features information is discussed with reference to the toolpath generation for STEP-NC （STEP AP238）.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61272045)Natural Science Foundation of Outstanding Youth Team Project of Zhejiang Province (R1090138)Project of the State Key Laboratory of Information Security (Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing)
文摘In the data encryption standard （DES） algorithm, there exist several bit-switching functions, including permutations, expansion, and permuted choices. They are generally presented in the form of matrixes and realized by using table look-up technique in the implementation of the cryptosystem. This paper presents explicit formulas for the initial permutation IP, its inverse IP-1 , the expansion function E, and the permuted choice PC_1. It also gives the program realizations of these functions in C＋＋ applying these formulas. With the advantage of the omission of the storage space for these matrixes and the tedious inputs of tables in the implementations of DES, our experimental results shows that the explicit formulas are useful in some situations, such as wireless sensor networks where the memory capacity is limited, especially when the size of file for encrypting is not too large, preferably smaller than 256KB.
基金The Science and Technology Innovation 2030 Major Project,Grant/Award Number:2023ZD0508506National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Numbers:2022YFC2705001,2023YFC2706305。
文摘1|THE FUTURE OF HEALTH IS DIGITAL.Digital health has shown significant promise in improving health outcomes.However,its transformation faces various challenges,including resource distribution disparities across countries,varying definitions and standards for digital solutions,and a lack of coordination in digital health investments[1].
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China (60273014)
文摘The paper mainly discusses the integrity of the forwarded subscription message guaranteed by secure channel which encrypted in data communication by using data encryption standard （DES） algorithm and chaos code algorithm between broker nodes in the routing process of the contentbased publish/subscribe system. It analyzes the security of the secure channel encrypted with data communication by DES algorithm and chaos code algorithm, and finds out the secure channel can be easily attacked by known plain text. Therefore, the paper proposes the improved algorithm of message encryption and authentication, combining encryption and the generation of the message authentication code together to finish scanning at one time, which enhances both the secure degree and running efficiency. This secure channel system has a certain reference value to the pub/sub system requiring highly communication security.
基金Department of Science and Technology,Government of India for providing financial support under the scheme FIST(No.SR/FST/ETI-388/2015)。
文摘Fixture design and planning is one of the most important manufacturing activities, playing a pivotal role in deciding the lead time for product development. Fixture design, which affects the part-quality in terms of geometric accuracy and surface finish, can be enhanced by using the product manufacturing information(PMI) stored in the neutral standard for the exchange of product model data(STEP) file, thereby integrating design and manufacturing. The present paper proposes a unique fixture design approach, to extract the geometry information from STEP application protocol(AP) 242 files of computer aided design(CAD) models, for providing automatic suggestions of locator positions and clamping surfaces. Automatic feature extraction software "FiXplan", developed using the programming language C#, is used to extract the part feature, dimension and geometry information. The information from the STEP AP 242 file is deduced using geometric reasoning techniques, which in turn is utilized for fixture planning. The developed software is observed to be adept in identifying the primary, secondary, and tertiary locating faces and locator position configurations of prismatic components. Structural analysis of the prismatic part under different locator positions was performed using commercial finite element method software, ABAQUS, and the optimized locator position was identified on the basis of minimum deformation of the workpiece.The area-ratio(base locator enclosed area(%)/work piece base area(%)) for the ideal locator configuration was observed as 33%. Experiments were conducted on a prismatic workpiece using a specially designed fixture, for different locator configurations. The surface roughness and waviness of the machined surfaces were analysed using an Alicona non-contact optical profilometer. The best surface characteristics were obtained for the surface machined under the ideal locator positions having an area-ratio of 33%, thus validating the predicted numerical results. The efficiency, capability and applicability of the developed software is demonstrated for the finishing operation of a sensor cover – a typical prismatic component having applications in the naval industry, under different locator configurations.The best results were obtained under the proposed ideal locator configuration of area-ratio 33%.
基金Some of the discussion points in this article and the call for action were developed as part of the joint RDA and Force11 working group and the GO-FAIR StRePo INWe therefore gratefully acknowledge the support provided by the RDA,Force11 and GO-FAIR communities and structures.FAIRsharing is funded by grants awarded to S.-A.S.that include elements of this work+3 种基金specifically,grants from the UK BBSRC and Research Councils(BB/L024101/1,BB/L005069/1)European Union(H2020-EU.3.1,634107,H2020-EU.1.4.1.3,654241,H2020-EU.1.4.1.1,676559),IMI(116060)and NIH(U54 AI117925,1U24AI117966-01,1OT3OD025459-01,1OT3OD025467-01,1OT3OD025462-01)the new FAIRsharing award from the Wellcome Trust(212930/Z/18/Z)as well as a related award(208381/A/17/Z).S.-A.S.is funded also by the Oxford e-Research Centre,Department of Engineering Science of the University of Oxford.
文摘Thousands of community-developed(meta)data guidelines,models,ontologies,schemas and formats have been created and implemented by several thousand data repositories and knowledge-bases,across all disciplines.These resources are necessary to meet government,funder and publisher expectations of greater transparency and access to and preservation of data related to research publications.This obligates researchers to ensure their data is FAIR,share their data using the appropriate standards,store their data in sustainable and community-adopted repositories,and to conform to funder and publisher data policies.FAIR data sharing also plays a key role in enabling researchers to evaluate,re-analyse and reproduce each other’s work.We can map the landscape of relationships between community-adopted standards and repositories,and the journal publisher and funder data policies that recommend their use.In this paper,we show how the work of the GO-FAIR FAIR Standards,Repositories and Policies(StRePo)Implementation Network serves as a central integration and cross-fertilisation point for the reuse of FAIR standards,repositories and data policies in general.Pivotal to this effort,the FAIRsharing,an endorsed flagship resource of the Research Data Alliance that maps the landscape of relationships between community-adopted standards and repositories,and the journal publisher and funder data policies that recommend their use.Lastly,we highlight a number of activities around FAIR tools,services and educational efforts to raise awareness and encourage participation.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China:[Grant Number 2021YFB2501101]Smart Cities Research Institute(Q-CDA7)at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University:[Grant Number Q-CDA7]Guangdong Science and Technology Strategic Innovation Fund(the Guangdong–Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory Program):Guangdong Science and Technology Strategic Innovation Fund:[Grant Number 2020B12120300092020B1212030009].
文摘With the growth in the vehicle industry,autonomous driving has become a hot topic worldwide and has attracted increasing attention from both industrial and academic sectors.Maps,as pivotal geospatial information carriers,play a vital role in route planning and navigation service.Compared with conventional maps,high-definition(HD)maps possesses higher precision,richer information,and various services and are regarded as critical infrastructure for autonomous driving.However,heterogeneous HD map data standards and models have different characteristics and advantages,and thus they rarely meet all autonomous driving requirements for different driving objectives.This research presents an interoperable map data model,the Open HD Map Service Model(OHDMSM),to provide a reference for HD map development.The designed OHDMSM,which contains three data layers and a set of corresponding interfaces,demonstrates high interoperability for HD map data fusion and application.As a proof of concept,an HD map data system is implemented with all functions following the designed data model and interfaces of OHDMSM.The design and development of OHDMSM data structures,interfaces and systems will benefit data requesting,updating,and interoperation for HD map data worldwide,which can be helpful for developing autonomous driving and intelligent transportation in the Digital Earth.
文摘The FAIR data guiding principles have been recently developed and widely adopted to improve the Findability,Accessibility,Interoperability,and Reuse of digital assets in the face of an exponential increase of data volume and complexity.The FAIR data principles have been formulated on a general level and the technological implementation of these principles remains up to the industries and organizations working on maximizing the value of their data.Here,we describe the data management and curation methodologies and best practices developed for FAIRification of clinical exploratory biomarker data collected from over 250 clinical studies.We discuss the data curation effort involved,the resulting output,and the business and scientific impact of our work.Finally,we propose prospective planning for FAIR data to optimize data management efforts and maximize data value.
基金This study was funded by National Key Research and Development Program:Research and Development of Key Technologies of Biosafety and Biosecurity(2016YFC1200800)administered by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China。
文摘The global movement of people and goods has increased the risk of biosecurity threats and their potential to induce large economic,social,and environmental harm.Integration of biosafety monitoring networks has become a top priority for addressing biosafety issues.In order to resolve the data standards and integration problems in the field of biosafety in China,the Biosafety Surveillance Conceptual Data Model(BSCDM),which is an object-oriented,hierarchically designed,flexible and scalable biosafety surveillance concept data model,is proposed in this article.This model is based on the integration of business process management and data resources of disease surveillance,animal disease surveillance and potential invasive biological monitoring.In reference to the Public Health Conceptual Data Model(PHCDM)and Federal Enterprise Architecture(FEA),BSCDM conducts a thorough analysis of biosafety monitoring activities,records basic information requirements of biosafety monitoring and provides data set standards for biosafety-related activities.It is developed with the Unified Modeling Language(UML)and could be applied as an open standard for accelerating data analysis and promoting collaboration.This study attempts to integrate biosafety monitoring data and the presented model has been tested in the detection of dengue fever in China and will be applied to other biosafety fields.
文摘The Geoscience Markup Language(GeoSciML)has been developed to enable the interchange of geoscience information,principally that portrayed on geological maps as well as boreholes.A GeoSciML testbed was developed both to test the implementation of the data model and its application in web services.The OneGeology-Europe project aims to use the GeoSciML data model,and build on the experience of the GeoSciML testbed,in implementing a geoportal for a harmonised geological map of Europe at 1:1 million scale.This involves the integration of web services from 20 participating organisations.An important objective of OneGeology-Europe is to contribute to Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community(INSPIRE),both through the development of a geological data specification and the use of the INSPIRE technical architecture.GeoSciML and the OneGeology-Europe project are also steps towards incorporating geoscience data into a Digital Earth.Both the development of GeoSciML and the implementation of web services for GeoSciML and OneGeology-Europe,have followed a standards-based metho-dology.The technical architecture comprises a geoportal providing access to a Catalogue Service for the Web for metadata describing both the data and services available.OneGeology-Europe will provide bothWeb Map Services view andWeb Feature Services download services,which aim to be compliant with the INSPIRE implementing rules.
