Manufacturers of chemicals are responsible for setting up a list of tools, including labels and safety data sheets, in order to provide adequate information about dangerous properties being labels and safety data shee...Manufacturers of chemicals are responsible for setting up a list of tools, including labels and safety data sheets, in order to provide adequate information about dangerous properties being labels and safety data sheets the main instruments for the immediate advice about dangerous substances and preparations for general public and workers. While correct labelling gives the possibility to general public to recognise the risks arising from handling and use of dangerous chemicals, safety data sheets are provided for professionals in order to allow safe handling and storage of dangerous chemicals in work places. Information contained in safety data sheets are also designed to suggest safety measures to be taken for the protection of workers as well as precaution measures and adequate actions to be taken in the case of accident. This project has critically revised the information contained in a list of safety data sheets of active ingredients provided for plant protection products, in order to assess the quality and the consistency of the data contained. Reported data have been then compared to published data. Considerable deficiencies/mistakes/inconsistencies have been found in the data reported along the safety data sheets of the examined substances, showing an urgent need of improving the enforcement related to a systematic recognition in this field as well as training of people involved in compilation of safety data sheets by producer side.展开更多
Annual precipitation,evaporation,and calculated accumulation from reanalysis model outputs have been investigated for the Greenland Ice Sheet （GrIS）,based on the common period of 1989-2001.The ERA-40 and ERA-interim...Annual precipitation,evaporation,and calculated accumulation from reanalysis model outputs have been investigated for the Greenland Ice Sheet （GrIS）,based on the common period of 1989-2001.The ERA-40 and ERA-interim reanalysis data showed better agreement with observations than do NCEP-1 and NCEP-2 reanalyses.Further,ERA-interim showed the closest spatial distribution of accumulation to the observation.Concerning temporal variations,ERA-interim showed the best correlation with precipitation observations at five synoptic stations,and the best correlation with in situ measurements of accumulation at nine ice core sites.The mean annual precipitation averaged over the whole GrIS from ERA-interim （363 mm yr 1） and mean annual accumulation （319 mm yr 1） are very close to the observations.The validation of accumulation calculated from reanalysis data against ice-core measurements suggests that further improvements to reanalysis models are needed.展开更多
基层生态环境监测站对于环境监测实验过程中使用化学品的安全管理措施已不能完全适应现代安全管理的要求。研究基于目前基层生态环境监测站化学品管理现状及存在的问题,结合环境监测实验室的实际情况,分析了引入化学品安全说明书(materi...基层生态环境监测站对于环境监测实验过程中使用化学品的安全管理措施已不能完全适应现代安全管理的要求。研究基于目前基层生态环境监测站化学品管理现状及存在的问题,结合环境监测实验室的实际情况,分析了引入化学品安全说明书(material safety data sheets,MSDS)信息管理体系的架构和目的,探讨了实验室信息管理系统(laboratory information management system,LIMS)与MSDS功能融合意义,提出了实验室化学品管理的一般要求以及建立应对突发事件的应急处置预案,以强化环境监测实验室化学品购买与储存管理、使用管理、人员管理、无害化处置管理,进而规范环境监测实验分析和化学品使用安全管理,确保化学品在基层生态环境监测站的安全使用。展开更多
材料安全数据表(Material Safety Data Sheets,MSDS)是用来阐明化学品的理化特性以及对使用者的健康可能产生的危害的一份文件,提供了有关化学品的基础知识、防护措施和应急行动等重要信息。由于市场国际化的需要,MS-DS制度在企业界已...材料安全数据表(Material Safety Data Sheets,MSDS)是用来阐明化学品的理化特性以及对使用者的健康可能产生的危害的一份文件,提供了有关化学品的基础知识、防护措施和应急行动等重要信息。由于市场国际化的需要,MS-DS制度在企业界已经得到广泛认同,但高校化学实验室对MSDS制度存在明显的冷漠和后知后觉。因而从高校实验室管理中面临的新挑战出发,讨论了实验室化学品事故与MSDS管理体制缺失的关系,提出了以MSDS为基础,建立相应的实验室危险化学品管理和安全教育的体系和方法。高校化学实验室MSDS制度的建立,将会有效地减少实验室事故的发生。展开更多
为解决航天器数据管理系统体系架构中,由于接口方式和协议不一致以及设计的多样化,导致难以沟通和重用的问题,CCSDS(The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems)的SOIS(Space Onboard Interface Services)工作组提出了体系架构...为解决航天器数据管理系统体系架构中,由于接口方式和协议不一致以及设计的多样化,导致难以沟通和重用的问题,CCSDS(The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems)的SOIS(Space Onboard Interface Services)工作组提出了体系架构,并制定了相应的业务推荐标准文本.结合SOIS架构,概括介绍了ESA(European Space Agency)提出的SAVOIR(Space Avionics Open Interface aRchitecture)架构,NASA(National Aeronautics and Space Administration)提出的cFE/cFS架构,以及我国对SOIS的跟踪研究情况,并对这几个架构进行了比较和分析.这几个架构的共同点在于对层次化、模块化、接口标准化和模型化的重用特征在认识上是一致的,但是在具体设计上由于各自的背景不同而不尽相同.另一个共同的认识是将电子数据单(Electronic Data Sheet,EDS)作为架构的设计重点之一,为此对数据设计的两个主要概念,管理信息库(Management Information Base,MIB)和EDS之间的关系和设计思路进行了分析说明.最后展望了空间数据系统体系架构的一些发展趋势,认为基于EDS和MIB的数据设计将成为主要研究内容之一,并且SOIS架构的实践应结合自身的特点来开展.展开更多
文摘Manufacturers of chemicals are responsible for setting up a list of tools, including labels and safety data sheets, in order to provide adequate information about dangerous properties being labels and safety data sheets the main instruments for the immediate advice about dangerous substances and preparations for general public and workers. While correct labelling gives the possibility to general public to recognise the risks arising from handling and use of dangerous chemicals, safety data sheets are provided for professionals in order to allow safe handling and storage of dangerous chemicals in work places. Information contained in safety data sheets are also designed to suggest safety measures to be taken for the protection of workers as well as precaution measures and adequate actions to be taken in the case of accident. This project has critically revised the information contained in a list of safety data sheets of active ingredients provided for plant protection products, in order to assess the quality and the consistency of the data contained. Reported data have been then compared to published data. Considerable deficiencies/mistakes/inconsistencies have been found in the data reported along the safety data sheets of the examined substances, showing an urgent need of improving the enforcement related to a systematic recognition in this field as well as training of people involved in compilation of safety data sheets by producer side.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2009CB421400)the National Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40821092)
文摘Annual precipitation,evaporation,and calculated accumulation from reanalysis model outputs have been investigated for the Greenland Ice Sheet （GrIS）,based on the common period of 1989-2001.The ERA-40 and ERA-interim reanalysis data showed better agreement with observations than do NCEP-1 and NCEP-2 reanalyses.Further,ERA-interim showed the closest spatial distribution of accumulation to the observation.Concerning temporal variations,ERA-interim showed the best correlation with precipitation observations at five synoptic stations,and the best correlation with in situ measurements of accumulation at nine ice core sites.The mean annual precipitation averaged over the whole GrIS from ERA-interim （363 mm yr 1） and mean annual accumulation （319 mm yr 1） are very close to the observations.The validation of accumulation calculated from reanalysis data against ice-core measurements suggests that further improvements to reanalysis models are needed.
文摘基层生态环境监测站对于环境监测实验过程中使用化学品的安全管理措施已不能完全适应现代安全管理的要求。研究基于目前基层生态环境监测站化学品管理现状及存在的问题,结合环境监测实验室的实际情况,分析了引入化学品安全说明书(material safety data sheets,MSDS)信息管理体系的架构和目的,探讨了实验室信息管理系统(laboratory information management system,LIMS)与MSDS功能融合意义,提出了实验室化学品管理的一般要求以及建立应对突发事件的应急处置预案,以强化环境监测实验室化学品购买与储存管理、使用管理、人员管理、无害化处置管理,进而规范环境监测实验分析和化学品使用安全管理,确保化学品在基层生态环境监测站的安全使用。
文摘材料安全数据表(Material Safety Data Sheets,MSDS)是用来阐明化学品的理化特性以及对使用者的健康可能产生的危害的一份文件,提供了有关化学品的基础知识、防护措施和应急行动等重要信息。由于市场国际化的需要,MS-DS制度在企业界已经得到广泛认同,但高校化学实验室对MSDS制度存在明显的冷漠和后知后觉。因而从高校实验室管理中面临的新挑战出发,讨论了实验室化学品事故与MSDS管理体制缺失的关系,提出了以MSDS为基础,建立相应的实验室危险化学品管理和安全教育的体系和方法。高校化学实验室MSDS制度的建立,将会有效地减少实验室事故的发生。
文摘为解决航天器数据管理系统体系架构中,由于接口方式和协议不一致以及设计的多样化,导致难以沟通和重用的问题,CCSDS(The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems)的SOIS(Space Onboard Interface Services)工作组提出了体系架构,并制定了相应的业务推荐标准文本.结合SOIS架构,概括介绍了ESA(European Space Agency)提出的SAVOIR(Space Avionics Open Interface aRchitecture)架构,NASA(National Aeronautics and Space Administration)提出的cFE/cFS架构,以及我国对SOIS的跟踪研究情况,并对这几个架构进行了比较和分析.这几个架构的共同点在于对层次化、模块化、接口标准化和模型化的重用特征在认识上是一致的,但是在具体设计上由于各自的背景不同而不尽相同.另一个共同的认识是将电子数据单(Electronic Data Sheet,EDS)作为架构的设计重点之一,为此对数据设计的两个主要概念,管理信息库(Management Information Base,MIB)和EDS之间的关系和设计思路进行了分析说明.最后展望了空间数据系统体系架构的一些发展趋势,认为基于EDS和MIB的数据设计将成为主要研究内容之一,并且SOIS架构的实践应结合自身的特点来开展.
