Real-world studies(RWSs)have emerged as a transformative force in oncology research,complementing traditional randomized controlled trials(RCTs)by providing comprehensive insights into cancer care within routine clini...Real-world studies(RWSs)have emerged as a transformative force in oncology research,complementing traditional randomized controlled trials(RCTs)by providing comprehensive insights into cancer care within routine clinical settings.This review examines the evolving landscape of RWSs in oncology,focusing on their implementation,methodological considerations,and impact on precision medicine.We systematically analyze how RWSs leverage diverse data sources,including electronic health records(EHRs),insurance claims,and patient registries,to generate evidence that bridges the gap between controlled clinical trials and real-world clinical practice.The review underscores the key contributions of RWSs,including capturing therapeutic outcomes in traditionally underrepresented populations,expanding drug indications,and evaluating long-term safety and effectiveness in routine clinical settings.While acknowledging significant challenges,including data quality variability and privacy concerns,we discuss how emerging technologies like artificial intelligence are helping to address these limitations.The integration of RWSs with traditional clinical research is revolutionizing the paradigm of precision oncology and enabling more personalized treatment approaches based on real-world evidence.展开更多
Big data analytics is emerging as one kind of the most important workloads in modern data centers. Hence,it is of great interest to identify the method of achieving the best performance for big data analytics workload...Big data analytics is emerging as one kind of the most important workloads in modern data centers. Hence,it is of great interest to identify the method of achieving the best performance for big data analytics workloads running on state-of-the-art SMT( simultaneous multithreading) processors,which needs comprehensive understanding to workload characteristics. This paper chooses the Spark workloads as the representative big data analytics workloads and performs comprehensive measurements on the POWER8 platform,which supports a wide range of multithreading. The research finds that the thread assignment policy and cache contention have significant impacts on application performance. In order to identify the potential optimization method from the experiment results,this study performs micro-architecture level characterizations by means of hardware performance counters and gives implications accordingly.展开更多
Introduction:Sleep is fundamental to health,yet comprehensive data characterizing sleep patterns across China’s diverse population remain scarce.This national study systematically assessed sleep behaviors among Chine...Introduction:Sleep is fundamental to health,yet comprehensive data characterizing sleep patterns across China’s diverse population remain scarce.This national study systematically assessed sleep behaviors among Chinese residents aged 15 years and above.Methods:A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2024 among individuals aged 15 years and older,using multistage stratified cluster random sampling.Trained investigators collected data on sleep duration,sleep latency,bedtime,and wake-up time through standardized questionnaires.Statistical analyses incorporated sampling weights to ensure population representativeness,and stratified analyses examined sleep patterns across a range of demographic subgroups.Results:The population-weighted mean sleep duration among Chinese residents aged 15 years and older was 7.24[95%confidence interval(CI):7.16,7.32]hours in 2024.Mean bedtime and wake-up time were 22:08(21:58,22:18)and 6:18(6:06,6:30),respectively,with a mean sleep latency of 27.45(26.39,28.51)minutes.Age-stratified analyses revealed notable sex differences in sleep duration:among adults aged 18-44 years,females slept longer than males[7.66(7.59,7.73)hours versus 7.49(7.41,7.57)hours],whereas among those aged 45-64 years,females slept less[6.82(6.72,6.92)hours versus 6.97(6.90,7.04)hours].Rural adolescents slept longer than their urban counterparts[8.39(8.14,8.64)hours versus 8.00(7.78,8.22)hours].Both education level and occupation further influenced sleep duration and timing.Conclusion:Sleep patterns among Chinese residents vary substantially by age,sex,and socio-environmental context.Effective sleep health strategies must be population-specific and tailored,rather than relying on uniform recommendations.Public health interventions should explicitly address the distinct socioeconomic and environmental determinants that shape sleep in different population segments,thereby optimizing sleep outcomes across diverse settings.展开更多
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.ZCLY24H1601)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82403697)+1 种基金the Medical and Health Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province(No.2025KY411)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC2505100).
文摘Real-world studies(RWSs)have emerged as a transformative force in oncology research,complementing traditional randomized controlled trials(RCTs)by providing comprehensive insights into cancer care within routine clinical settings.This review examines the evolving landscape of RWSs in oncology,focusing on their implementation,methodological considerations,and impact on precision medicine.We systematically analyze how RWSs leverage diverse data sources,including electronic health records(EHRs),insurance claims,and patient registries,to generate evidence that bridges the gap between controlled clinical trials and real-world clinical practice.The review underscores the key contributions of RWSs,including capturing therapeutic outcomes in traditionally underrepresented populations,expanding drug indications,and evaluating long-term safety and effectiveness in routine clinical settings.While acknowledging significant challenges,including data quality variability and privacy concerns,we discuss how emerging technologies like artificial intelligence are helping to address these limitations.The integration of RWSs with traditional clinical research is revolutionizing the paradigm of precision oncology and enabling more personalized treatment approaches based on real-world evidence.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2015AA015308)the State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China(No.2014CB340402)
文摘Big data analytics is emerging as one kind of the most important workloads in modern data centers. Hence,it is of great interest to identify the method of achieving the best performance for big data analytics workloads running on state-of-the-art SMT( simultaneous multithreading) processors,which needs comprehensive understanding to workload characteristics. This paper chooses the Spark workloads as the representative big data analytics workloads and performs comprehensive measurements on the POWER8 platform,which supports a wide range of multithreading. The research finds that the thread assignment policy and cache contention have significant impacts on application performance. In order to identify the potential optimization method from the experiment results,this study performs micro-architecture level characterizations by means of hardware performance counters and gives implications accordingly.
基金Supported by the Chinese Sleep Research Society and the General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81872721).
文摘Introduction:Sleep is fundamental to health,yet comprehensive data characterizing sleep patterns across China’s diverse population remain scarce.This national study systematically assessed sleep behaviors among Chinese residents aged 15 years and above.Methods:A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2024 among individuals aged 15 years and older,using multistage stratified cluster random sampling.Trained investigators collected data on sleep duration,sleep latency,bedtime,and wake-up time through standardized questionnaires.Statistical analyses incorporated sampling weights to ensure population representativeness,and stratified analyses examined sleep patterns across a range of demographic subgroups.Results:The population-weighted mean sleep duration among Chinese residents aged 15 years and older was 7.24[95%confidence interval(CI):7.16,7.32]hours in 2024.Mean bedtime and wake-up time were 22:08(21:58,22:18)and 6:18(6:06,6:30),respectively,with a mean sleep latency of 27.45(26.39,28.51)minutes.Age-stratified analyses revealed notable sex differences in sleep duration:among adults aged 18-44 years,females slept longer than males[7.66(7.59,7.73)hours versus 7.49(7.41,7.57)hours],whereas among those aged 45-64 years,females slept less[6.82(6.72,6.92)hours versus 6.97(6.90,7.04)hours].Rural adolescents slept longer than their urban counterparts[8.39(8.14,8.64)hours versus 8.00(7.78,8.22)hours].Both education level and occupation further influenced sleep duration and timing.Conclusion:Sleep patterns among Chinese residents vary substantially by age,sex,and socio-environmental context.Effective sleep health strategies must be population-specific and tailored,rather than relying on uniform recommendations.Public health interventions should explicitly address the distinct socioeconomic and environmental determinants that shape sleep in different population segments,thereby optimizing sleep outcomes across diverse settings.
