In this paper,the effect of the morphological profile of dandelion seed on flight lift force under crosswind conditions is explored.Existing studies primarily focus on the flight characteristics of dandelion seed duri...In this paper,the effect of the morphological profile of dandelion seed on flight lift force under crosswind conditions is explored.Existing studies primarily focus on the flight characteristics of dandelion seed during its fall,emphasizing the influence of the complex filament structure on the formation of wake vortices.However,research on the flight lift force due to the dandelion seed’s morphological profile under lateral crosswind conditions is quite limited.This study investigates the aerodynamic behavior of dandelion seed using a novel virtual barrier model.This model is proposed,based on the regular pattern of the filaments’outer contours and the virtual barrier effect produced by their columnar array.Through elaborate numerical simulations,it is found that the morphological profile of dandelion seed possesses superior aerodynamic properties,particularly in generating lift force under crosswind conditions.This characteristic is a crucial mechanism for the long-distance dispersal of dandelion seed.Subsequently,the study extends to examine the aerodynamic performance of the model at varying degrees of opening angles and inflow attack angles,offering a fresh perspective on understanding the flight characteristics of dandelion seed in natural environments.The findings not only contribute to the field of plant aerodynamics but also provide insights into potential biomimetic applications in engineering.展开更多
We investigated the liver protective activity of dandelion polyphenols(DP)against acetaminophen(APAP;Paracetamol)-induced hepatotoxicity.Mice were acclimated for 1 week and randomly divided into the following groups(n...We investigated the liver protective activity of dandelion polyphenols(DP)against acetaminophen(APAP;Paracetamol)-induced hepatotoxicity.Mice were acclimated for 1 week and randomly divided into the following groups(n=9 per group):Control,APAP,APAP+DP(100 mg·kg^–1),APAP+DP(200 mg·kg^–1),and APAP+DP(400 mg·kg^–1)groups.Mice were pretreated with DP(100,200,and 400 mg·kg^–1)by oral gavage for 7 d before being treated with 350 mg·kg^–1 APAP for 24 h to induced hepatotoxicity.Severe liver injury was observed,and hepatotoxicity was analyzed after 24 h by evaluation of biochemical markers,protein expressions levels,and liver histopathology.Pretreatment with DP was able to restore serum liver characteristics(aspartate transaminase,AST;alanine aminotransferase,ALT;alkaline phosphatase,AKP),improve redox imbalance(superoxide dismutase,SOD;glutathione,GSH;malondialdehyde,MDA),and decrease inflammatory factors(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α;interleukin-1β,IL-1β).Pretreatment with DP also significantly inhibited the expression levels of nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2).Furthermore,DP pretreatment could inhibit the apoptosis of liver cells caused by APAP through up-regulation of Bcl-2 and down-regulation of Bax and caspase-9 protein.DP also down-regulated p-JNK protein expression levels to inhibit APAP-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and up-regulated the expression of Nrf-2 and its target gene HO-1.The histopathological staining demonstrated that DP pretreatment could inhibit APAP-induced hepatocyte infiltration,congestion,and necrosis.Our results demonstrate that DP pretreatment could protect against APAP-induced hepatic injury by activating the Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway and inhibition of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway.展开更多
The protection of the liver as an essential organ in the body against oxidative stress and deleterious compounds has been the subject of recent investigations.Among different compounds,medicinal plants play an importa...The protection of the liver as an essential organ in the body against oxidative stress and deleterious compounds has been the subject of recent investigations.Among different compounds,medicinal plants play an important role due to their hepatoprotective effects.Taraxacum officinale or"common dandelion"is a popular plant that has been traditionally used for its hepatoprotective effects.Currently,there are limited clinical studies on its hepatoprotective effects.The aim of this review article is to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of dandelion and its mechanism of action.We reviewed literature up to July 2019 on"Taraxacum officinale"or"dandelion"and hepatoprotection.Currently available pharmacological studies indicate that dandelion extracts have hepatoprotective effects against chemical agents due to its antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities.The anti-inflammatory effects of dandelion,the prebiotic effects of its oligofructans,inhibitory effects against the release of lipopolysaccharides and fasting induced adipose factor,digestive enzymes,and enhancing effects of lipogenesis,reduce lipid accumulation and liver inflammation,which directly or indirectly improve the liver functions.Given emerging evidence on hepatoprotective effects of dandelion,designing large human clinical studies is essential.展开更多
The paper was to study DPPH （1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrobenzene hydrazine） scavenging ability of different concentrations of tlavonoid and polysaccheride from dandelion. Flavonoids were extracted from dandelion using al...The paper was to study DPPH （1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrobenzene hydrazine） scavenging ability of different concentrations of tlavonoid and polysaccheride from dandelion. Flavonoids were extracted from dandelion using alcohol precipitation ultrasonic extraction method and polysaccharide was extracted using water ul- trasonic extraction method. DPPH free radical scavenging ability of flavonoid and polysaccharide was determined using ultravialet spectrophotometer method. The difference in DPPH free radical scavenging ability between flavonoids and polysacchafide was analyzed statistically. The results showed that DPPH scavenging ability was the best when the concentration of flavanoid was 1.6 mg/mL; the scavenge rate was up to 96.11% and I Cso （median inhibitory concentration of inhibi^rs） was 0.38 mg/mL. DPPH scavenging ability was the best when the concentration of polysaccheride was 1.4 mg/mL; the scavenge rate was 89.33% and IC5o was 0.51 mg/mL. Statistical results showed that there were significant differences in DPPH free radical scavenging ability between dandelion flavonoid and polysaeoharide （P 〈 0.05 ）. Flavonoid had significantly higher scavenging ability than polysaccharide （P 〈 0.05）. The study lays a theoretical foundation for further research on dan- delion flavonoid, and provides a theoretical basis for development and utilization of dandelion resources.展开更多
Plants of the genus Taraxacum, commonly known as dandelions, are used to treat breast cancer in traditional folk medicine. However, their use has mainly been based on empirical findings without sufficient scientific e...Plants of the genus Taraxacum, commonly known as dandelions, are used to treat breast cancer in traditional folk medicine. However, their use has mainly been based on empirical findings without sufficient scientific evidence. Therefore, we hypothesized that dandelions would behave as a Selective estrogen receptor modulator （SERM） and be effective as hormone replacement therapy （HRT） in the postmenopausal women. In the present study, in vitro assay systems, including cell proliferation assay, reporter gene assay, and RT-PCR to evaluate the mRNA expression of estrogen-related genes （pS2 and progesterone receptor, PR）, were performed in human breast cancer cells. Dandelion ethanol extract （DEE） significantly increased cell proliferation and estrogen response element （ERE）-driven luciferase activity. DEE significantly induced the expression of estrogen related genes such as pS2 and PR, which was inhibited by tamoxifen at 1 gmol L-1. These results indicated that DEE could induce estrogenic activities mediated by a classical estrogen receptor pathway. In addition, immature rat uterotrophic assay was carried out to identify estrogenic activity of DEE in vivo. The lowest concentration of DEE slightly increased the uterine wet weight, but there was no significant effect with the highest concentration of DEE. The results demonstrate the potential estrogenic activities of DEE, providing scientific evidence supporting their use in traditional medicine.展开更多
A dandelion algorithm(DA) is a recently developed intelligent optimization algorithm for function optimization problems. Many of its parameters need to be set by experience in DA,which might not be appropriate for all...A dandelion algorithm(DA) is a recently developed intelligent optimization algorithm for function optimization problems. Many of its parameters need to be set by experience in DA,which might not be appropriate for all optimization problems. A self-adapting and efficient dandelion algorithm is proposed in this work to lower the number of DA's parameters and simplify DA's structure. Only the normal sowing operator is retained;while the other operators are discarded. An adaptive seeding radius strategy is designed for the core dandelion. The results show that the proposed algorithm achieves better performance on the standard test functions with less time consumption than its competitive peers. In addition, the proposed algorithm is applied to feature selection for credit card fraud detection(CCFD), and the results indicate that it can obtain higher classification and detection performance than the-state-of-the-art methods.展开更多
It is of great significance to study the water absorption and expansion of cells,which are essential for the growth and life regulation of plants,not only for understanding the complex life phenomena of plants,but als...It is of great significance to study the water absorption and expansion of cells,which are essential for the growth and life regulation of plants,not only for understanding the complex life phenomena of plants,but also for the manufacture of biomimetic materials.The main purpose of this study is to shed light on the mechanism of a novel coiling phenomenon of the split dandelion scape soaked in water and the high concentration mannitol solution.We discovered that the difference between water absorption/dehydration capacities of inner cells and lateral cells of the split dandelion scape generates asymmetric expansion/contraction between inner and lateral layers,resulting two opposite coiled patterns.Analogous to the deformable hypothesis of the thermal expansion model,the water absorption-induced cell expansion model was proposed to explain the coiling process of the split dandelion scape.Both the simulation and experimental results revealed that the coiling of dandelion scape is strongly depended on the response of cells to the stimulation of the solution environment.Showing considerable potential load bearing capacity of plants,the coiling phenomenon can be an inspiration to the designs of soft robots and bionic sensors for humidity control.展开更多
This novel study identifi es the effective anti-inflammatory phenolic compounds in dandelion and provides mechanistic insights into their interactions with receptor proteins(toll-like receptor 4,TLR4;co-receptor myelo...This novel study identifi es the effective anti-inflammatory phenolic compounds in dandelion and provides mechanistic insights into their interactions with receptor proteins(toll-like receptor 4,TLR4;co-receptor myeloid differentiation protein-2,MD-2)using UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS,lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated THP-1 cell line,fluorescence quenching and anisotropy,molecular docking(single ligand and multi-ligand docking)and molecular dynamics simulation.A 50%aqueous methanol extract had a greater anti-inflammatory effect and higher chicoric acid content,compared with the 100%water and 100%methanol extracts.Chicoric acid,chlorogenic acid,methylophiopogonone A,caffeic acid,gallic acid monohydrate and 4’-O-demethylbroussonin A had relatively high binding energies and contents in all extracts.Chicoric acid competed with chlorogenic acid,4’-O-demethylbroussonin A and quercetin for MD-2.Among dandelion’s phenolics,chicoric acid most effectively hindered TLR4-MD-2 complex formation,with a quenching constant of 0.62×10^(6) L/mol for MD-2 or TLR4 at 320 K,and binding energies of-6.87 and-5.97 kcal/mol,respectively,for MD-2 and TLR4.展开更多
As a traditional Chinese herb,dandelion,containing complicated active ingredients which includes polysaccharide,flavonoid,terpene,pigment,phytosterol,coumarin,organic acid and etc,plays significant roles in various ph...As a traditional Chinese herb,dandelion,containing complicated active ingredients which includes polysaccharide,flavonoid,terpene,pigment,phytosterol,coumarin,organic acid and etc,plays significant roles in various physiological activities in organisms.The active ingredients generally interfere in signal transduction of cancer cells,regulate cell cycle and apoptotic protein expression,inhibit cancer cells proliferation and migration and etc,which effectively restrains tumor development and deterioration.This article summarizes the anti-tumor mechanism of five active ingredients in dandelion through paper reading which provides thoughts and references for anti-tumor research.展开更多
Background: A dandelion is a common plant with a global growth distribution that has been used as a medicinal and food with no adverse effects. Purpose: In this article, the products and effects of dandelions are revi...Background: A dandelion is a common plant with a global growth distribution that has been used as a medicinal and food with no adverse effects. Purpose: In this article, the products and effects of dandelions are reviewed to help further in-depth studies and develop more products derived from dandelions in the future. Method: The literature about dandelion in various databases such as Pubmed is searched. Results: Dandelions have many effects, such as virus inhibition, anti-tumor activity, nutritional value, anti-aging, potential as a vaccine and alleviation of heat stress. The mechanism underlying these effects is analyzed and it was found that dandelions were regulated by RNA or DNA. Conclusion: As a medicinal and food, dandelions are safe and have many effects. Many products derived from dandelions have been developed. The metabolic regulation is related with ribonucleic acid or possibly deoxynucleic acid. Further in-depth studies should be conducted on the regulation of dandelions through RNA or DNA. There will likely be more products derived from dandelions in the future.展开更多
This study aimed at investigating effects of dandelion/probiotic on the testis histology and semen characteristics of male lambs. Twelve prepuberal Noemi male lambs (2 ± 0.4-month-old and 20 ± 3.5 kg B.W) we...This study aimed at investigating effects of dandelion/probiotic on the testis histology and semen characteristics of male lambs. Twelve prepuberal Noemi male lambs (2 ± 0.4-month-old and 20 ± 3.5 kg B.W) were randomly allocated into four groups. Animals in group 1 were controlled, orally given normal saline as the same schedule of treated animals. In group 2 animals were given daily oral 50 ml of an aqueous extract of dandelion leaves. In group 3 animals were given a daily 50 ml of cow’s milk probiotics, and in group 4 animals were given 50 ml of a 1:1 mixture (dandelion extract: probiotic). Animals were treated for 8 consecutive weeks. At puberty, semen ejaculates were collected weekly for further 10 weeks. Thereafter, animals were sacrificed and testicles were obtained, weighed and a histopathological study was performed on the testis. Results revealed that oral administration of the dandelion aqueous extract to prepuberal lambs exhibited disturbances in the histological architecture of the testicular semeniferous tubules. Additionally, dandelion resulted in edematic interstitial tissues with evident vaculations. These deteriorations were reflected in less spermatogenesis (i.e. less sperm concentration and ejaculate volume by 10% and 20%, respectively than controlled group). Also, the percentage of sperm progressive motility was lower (P < 0.05) and dead sperm was higher (P < 0.05) in rams given dandelion than control. Administration of probiotic hasn’t revealed a change in the seminiferous tubules architecture, however, very little vaculation with rare edema was observed. Administration of the synbiotic mixture revealed intermediate histopathological appearances. The highest sperm concentration, testosterone concentration and advanced motility were obtained when probiotic was administered. In conclusion, although dandelion cures some hepatic malfunctions in human, caution must be taken into consideration of the frequent ingestion of dandelion for its harmful effect on male fertility.展开更多
Intercropping of crops that can secrete bacteriostatic active substances can not only inhibit the occurrence of disease but also have an important effect on plant growth.However,the effects of dandelion intercropping ...Intercropping of crops that can secrete bacteriostatic active substances can not only inhibit the occurrence of disease but also have an important effect on plant growth.However,the effects of dandelion intercropping on pepper blight control and pepper growth remain unclear.In this study,the control effect of dandelion on pepper blight was studied by inoculating the pepper leaves with Phytophthora infestans,and it also discusses the correlation of the occurrence of pepper epidemic disease with the pepper canopy environment,soil environment,pepper photo-synthesis,and yield index.The results showed that best plant distance for dandelion intercropping was 20 cm(P20),and the control effect reached 43.31%.As compared to the CK,SOD enzyme,POD enzyme,and PAL enzyme were significantly up-regulated during the growth of pepper;chlorophyll content in pepper leaves was significantly increased;photosynthetic characteristics were significantly increased;stem diameter and yield of crop pepper were effectively improved;and the quality of the pepper product was better,but intercropping dandelion resulted in a significant decrease of nutrients in the soil environment of pepper,so a reasonable intercropping distance was needed.The correlation analysis shows that the incidence of pepper blight(A)was significantly positively correlated with soil temperature(Q),intercellular carbon dioxide(L),and canopy air temperature(O).The incidence of capsicum blight(A)was significantly negatively correlated with chlorophyll content(F),net photo-synthetic rate(K),stomatal conductance(M),ww rate(N),soil sucrase activity(W),vitamin C(AB),and leaf PAL enzyme(J).Finally,it was deduced that intercropping dandelion could effectively control the occurrence of pepper blight while also demonstrating a complex interaction with the pepper growing environment.展开更多
[Objectives]To select dandelion varieties suitable for forest land in Beijing suburb plain.[Methods]With the local varieties in Beijing as control,four dandelion varieties,Hebei 2,Shandong 1,Anhui 1 and Henan 1 were i...[Objectives]To select dandelion varieties suitable for forest land in Beijing suburb plain.[Methods]With the local varieties in Beijing as control,four dandelion varieties,Hebei 2,Shandong 1,Anhui 1 and Henan 1 were introduced,and the growth differences,effective components and yield indexes of different varieties were analyzed.[Results]The leaf and root yield of Henan 1 dandelion was significantly higher than that of the control,and the content of caffeic acid in the root was also higher than the standard of Pharmacopoeia.[Conclusions]On the whole,the dandelion variety Henan 1 is suitable for demonstration planting under the young forest in the plains of Beijing suburb.展开更多
In order to study the effects of biochar-based organic fertilizer on the accumulation of the total flavonoid contents in dandelion after sowing,the experiment applied four levels of treatments of carbon-based organic ...In order to study the effects of biochar-based organic fertilizer on the accumulation of the total flavonoid contents in dandelion after sowing,the experiment applied four levels of treatments of carbon-based organic fertilizer(0.15,0.30,0.45,and 0.60 kg•m^(-2)),and the base fertilizer that only applied conventional chemical fertilizer was used as the control.The total flavonoid contents and physiological indices of dandelion in different growth periods were determined.The results showed that the accumulation of the total flavonoid contents in leaves and roots of dandelion improved significantly by applying biochar-based organic fertilizer(0.15,0.30,0.45,and 0.60 kg•m^(-2)),with the highest total flavonoid occurred in the 0.45 kg•m^(-2) biochar-based organic fertilizer treatment.Along with dandelion growing,the total flavonoid contents in leaves were first elevated,and then decreased,with the maximum reached at 95 days after sowing(anthesis).While the total flavonoid contents in roots were elevated constantly.The total flavonoid contents accumulation in dandelion were positively correlated with net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate,soluble sugar content,soluble protein,nitrate nitrogen,and available potassium,while negatively correlated with intercellular CO_(2) concentration.展开更多
As a leafy vegetable,dandelion(Taraxacum antungense Kitag.)leaves are subject to senescence,such as yellowing and even decay,during postharvest storage.Calcium chloride(CaCl_(2))andε-polylysine(ε-PL)treatments can s...As a leafy vegetable,dandelion(Taraxacum antungense Kitag.)leaves are subject to senescence,such as yellowing and even decay,during postharvest storage.Calcium chloride(CaCl_(2))andε-polylysine(ε-PL)treatments can safely and effectively improve the postharvest quality of fruits and vegetables.To improve the storage quality,dandelions were treated with 0.5%(mass concentration)CaCl_(2)and 0.9 g/Lε-PL and stored at 4±0.5℃.The results showed that the combination treatment of CaCl_(2)andε-PL(CaCl_(2)+ε-PL treatment)could effectively delay the yellowing and chlorophyll content decline,as well as reduce the browning index,when compared with those of the control and single treatments.The CaCl_(2)+ε-PL treatment also enhanced the synthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites.The combination treatment could significantly enhance the enzyme activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL),4-coumarate-Co A ligase(4CL),and cinnamate-4-hydroxylase(C4H)in phenylpropanoid metabolism and upregulate the expression levels of Ta PAL,Ta4CL,and Ta C4H.Meanwhile,ε-PL treatment was more effective than CaCl_(2)treatment in promoting the expression of these genes.Correlation analysis indicates that the transcription levels and activities of the three enzymes,as well as the contents of secondary metabolites,are linked to the quality changes of dandelions treated with CaCl_(2)+ε-PL during cold storage.Principal component analysis was used to assess the storage quality of dandelions during cold storage,and the results showed the following rankings:CaCl_(2)+ε-PL>ε-PL>CaCl_(2)>control.These findings suggest that CaCl_(2)+ε-PL treatment can improve the postharvest storage quality of dandelions by modulating the phenylpropane metabolic pathway.展开更多
Background： Dandelion is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine with several active compounds found in extracts. It has a variety of pharmacological effects, such as a reduction in swelling and inflammation, a...Background： Dandelion is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine with several active compounds found in extracts. It has a variety of pharmacological effects, such as a reduction in swelling and inflammation, and detoxification. The mechanism by which dandelion extract inhibits the inflammatory response in skeletal muscle cells remains unknown; therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dandelion extract root on the proliferation of skeletal muscle cells and the alleviation of lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced inflammatory response in vitro. Methods： Rat skeletal muscle cells were isolated from Sprague-Dawley rat and cultured in vitro which were cultured in basal medium, or medium containing LPS or dandelion extract. Cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） was employed to measure cell proliferation; meanwhile, the optimal concentration of dandelion extract and treatment time were selected. Crystal violet staining was used to detect the proliferation of muscle cells. Western blotting analysis was used to detect the levels of inflammatory factors, myogenic factor, and p-AKT protein expression. Results： The optimal concentration and treatment time of dandelion extract for the following study were 5 mg/ml and 4 days, respectively. Dandelion extract was found to increase proliferation of rat skeletal muscle cells （t = 3.145, P 〈 0.05）, with the highest effect observed at 5 mg/ml. LPS was found to decrease proliferation of skeletal muscle cells （t = -131.959, P 〈 0.001）, and dandelion extract could against this affection （t = 19.466, P 〈 0.01）. LPS could induce expression of inflammatory factors, including interleukin （IL）-16, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α （IL-16： t = 9.118, P 〈 0.01; IL-6： t = 4.346, P 〈 0.05; TNF-α： t = 15.806, P 〈 0.05）, and dandelion extract was shown to reduce LPS-induced expression of IL- 16, IL-6 and TNF-α （IL-I 6： t = -2.823, P 〈 0.05; IL-6： t = -3.348, P 〈 0.01; and TNF-α： t = -3.710, P 〈 0.01）. Furthermore, LPS was also shown to decrease expression of myogenic factor, including myod 1 and myogenin （MyoDl： t = 4.039, P 〈 0：05 and myogenin： t = 3.300, P 〈 0.01）, but dandelion extract was shown to against this effect of LPS （MyoD 1： t = -3.160, P 〈 0.05 and myogenin： t = -3.207, P 〈 0.01 ）. And then, LPS was found to increase expression of p-AKT protein （p-AKT/AKT： t = 4.432, P 〈 0.05）. Moreover, expression of p-AKT protein was found to decrease, with 5 mg/ml of dandelion extract （p-AKT/AKT： t = -3.618, P 〈 0.05）. Conclusions： The findings indicate that dandelion extract plays an important role in skeletal muscle cells viability regulation, promote cells proliferation by increasing level of p-AKT protein expression, and reduce LPS-induced expression of inflammatory factors, inhibiting the inflammatory response of rat skeletal muscle cells.展开更多
基金supported by the Sir Joseph Pope Fellowship from Nottingham University,the High Performance Computing Platform of Xi'an Jiaotong University,and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12072254,12102323,and 12472108).
文摘In this paper,the effect of the morphological profile of dandelion seed on flight lift force under crosswind conditions is explored.Existing studies primarily focus on the flight characteristics of dandelion seed during its fall,emphasizing the influence of the complex filament structure on the formation of wake vortices.However,research on the flight lift force due to the dandelion seed’s morphological profile under lateral crosswind conditions is quite limited.This study investigates the aerodynamic behavior of dandelion seed using a novel virtual barrier model.This model is proposed,based on the regular pattern of the filaments’outer contours and the virtual barrier effect produced by their columnar array.Through elaborate numerical simulations,it is found that the morphological profile of dandelion seed possesses superior aerodynamic properties,particularly in generating lift force under crosswind conditions.This characteristic is a crucial mechanism for the long-distance dispersal of dandelion seed.Subsequently,the study extends to examine the aerodynamic performance of the model at varying degrees of opening angles and inflow attack angles,offering a fresh perspective on understanding the flight characteristics of dandelion seed in natural environments.The findings not only contribute to the field of plant aerodynamics but also provide insights into potential biomimetic applications in engineering.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81202935 and 81773893)the National Major Scientific and Technological Special Project of China for “Significant New Drugs Development”(No.2017ZX09301060-001)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,China(No.2015CFB302)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities “South-Central University for Nationalities”(No.CZY20025)。
文摘We investigated the liver protective activity of dandelion polyphenols(DP)against acetaminophen(APAP;Paracetamol)-induced hepatotoxicity.Mice were acclimated for 1 week and randomly divided into the following groups(n=9 per group):Control,APAP,APAP+DP(100 mg·kg^–1),APAP+DP(200 mg·kg^–1),and APAP+DP(400 mg·kg^–1)groups.Mice were pretreated with DP(100,200,and 400 mg·kg^–1)by oral gavage for 7 d before being treated with 350 mg·kg^–1 APAP for 24 h to induced hepatotoxicity.Severe liver injury was observed,and hepatotoxicity was analyzed after 24 h by evaluation of biochemical markers,protein expressions levels,and liver histopathology.Pretreatment with DP was able to restore serum liver characteristics(aspartate transaminase,AST;alanine aminotransferase,ALT;alkaline phosphatase,AKP),improve redox imbalance(superoxide dismutase,SOD;glutathione,GSH;malondialdehyde,MDA),and decrease inflammatory factors(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α;interleukin-1β,IL-1β).Pretreatment with DP also significantly inhibited the expression levels of nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2).Furthermore,DP pretreatment could inhibit the apoptosis of liver cells caused by APAP through up-regulation of Bcl-2 and down-regulation of Bax and caspase-9 protein.DP also down-regulated p-JNK protein expression levels to inhibit APAP-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and up-regulated the expression of Nrf-2 and its target gene HO-1.The histopathological staining demonstrated that DP pretreatment could inhibit APAP-induced hepatocyte infiltration,congestion,and necrosis.Our results demonstrate that DP pretreatment could protect against APAP-induced hepatic injury by activating the Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway and inhibition of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway.
文摘The protection of the liver as an essential organ in the body against oxidative stress and deleterious compounds has been the subject of recent investigations.Among different compounds,medicinal plants play an important role due to their hepatoprotective effects.Taraxacum officinale or"common dandelion"is a popular plant that has been traditionally used for its hepatoprotective effects.Currently,there are limited clinical studies on its hepatoprotective effects.The aim of this review article is to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of dandelion and its mechanism of action.We reviewed literature up to July 2019 on"Taraxacum officinale"or"dandelion"and hepatoprotection.Currently available pharmacological studies indicate that dandelion extracts have hepatoprotective effects against chemical agents due to its antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities.The anti-inflammatory effects of dandelion,the prebiotic effects of its oligofructans,inhibitory effects against the release of lipopolysaccharides and fasting induced adipose factor,digestive enzymes,and enhancing effects of lipogenesis,reduce lipid accumulation and liver inflammation,which directly or indirectly improve the liver functions.Given emerging evidence on hepatoprotective effects of dandelion,designing large human clinical studies is essential.
基金Supported by the PhD Start-up Fund of Liaoning Province:Effect of Dandelion Flavonoids on Expression of Collagen Fiber Gene in Liver Cells of Mice(201501099)
文摘The paper was to study DPPH （1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrobenzene hydrazine） scavenging ability of different concentrations of tlavonoid and polysaccheride from dandelion. Flavonoids were extracted from dandelion using alcohol precipitation ultrasonic extraction method and polysaccharide was extracted using water ul- trasonic extraction method. DPPH free radical scavenging ability of flavonoid and polysaccharide was determined using ultravialet spectrophotometer method. The difference in DPPH free radical scavenging ability between flavonoids and polysacchafide was analyzed statistically. The results showed that DPPH scavenging ability was the best when the concentration of flavanoid was 1.6 mg/mL; the scavenge rate was up to 96.11% and I Cso （median inhibitory concentration of inhibi^rs） was 0.38 mg/mL. DPPH scavenging ability was the best when the concentration of polysaccheride was 1.4 mg/mL; the scavenge rate was 89.33% and IC5o was 0.51 mg/mL. Statistical results showed that there were significant differences in DPPH free radical scavenging ability between dandelion flavonoid and polysaeoharide （P 〈 0.05 ）. Flavonoid had significantly higher scavenging ability than polysaccharide （P 〈 0.05）. The study lays a theoretical foundation for further research on dan- delion flavonoid, and provides a theoretical basis for development and utilization of dandelion resources.
基金supported by the Academic Research fund of Hoseo University in 2011-0069
文摘Plants of the genus Taraxacum, commonly known as dandelions, are used to treat breast cancer in traditional folk medicine. However, their use has mainly been based on empirical findings without sufficient scientific evidence. Therefore, we hypothesized that dandelions would behave as a Selective estrogen receptor modulator （SERM） and be effective as hormone replacement therapy （HRT） in the postmenopausal women. In the present study, in vitro assay systems, including cell proliferation assay, reporter gene assay, and RT-PCR to evaluate the mRNA expression of estrogen-related genes （pS2 and progesterone receptor, PR）, were performed in human breast cancer cells. Dandelion ethanol extract （DEE） significantly increased cell proliferation and estrogen response element （ERE）-driven luciferase activity. DEE significantly induced the expression of estrogen related genes such as pS2 and PR, which was inhibited by tamoxifen at 1 gmol L-1. These results indicated that DEE could induce estrogenic activities mediated by a classical estrogen receptor pathway. In addition, immature rat uterotrophic assay was carried out to identify estrogenic activity of DEE in vivo. The lowest concentration of DEE slightly increased the uterine wet weight, but there was no significant effect with the highest concentration of DEE. The results demonstrate the potential estrogenic activities of DEE, providing scientific evidence supporting their use in traditional medicine.
基金supported by the Institutional Fund Projects(IFPIP-1481-611-1443)the Key Projects of Natural Science Research in Anhui Higher Education Institutions(2022AH051909)+1 种基金the Provincial Quality Project of Colleges and Universities in Anhui Province(2022sdxx020,2022xqhz044)Bengbu University 2021 High-Level Scientific Research and Cultivation Project(2021pyxm04)。
文摘A dandelion algorithm(DA) is a recently developed intelligent optimization algorithm for function optimization problems. Many of its parameters need to be set by experience in DA,which might not be appropriate for all optimization problems. A self-adapting and efficient dandelion algorithm is proposed in this work to lower the number of DA's parameters and simplify DA's structure. Only the normal sowing operator is retained;while the other operators are discarded. An adaptive seeding radius strategy is designed for the core dandelion. The results show that the proposed algorithm achieves better performance on the standard test functions with less time consumption than its competitive peers. In addition, the proposed algorithm is applied to feature selection for credit card fraud detection(CCFD), and the results indicate that it can obtain higher classification and detection performance than the-state-of-the-art methods.
基金The authors greatly appreciate the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11502155)Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(201901D211112)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi(2019L0328).We thank Prof.Yuren Wang and Mrs.Tingt-ing Zhao for discussions.
文摘It is of great significance to study the water absorption and expansion of cells,which are essential for the growth and life regulation of plants,not only for understanding the complex life phenomena of plants,but also for the manufacture of biomimetic materials.The main purpose of this study is to shed light on the mechanism of a novel coiling phenomenon of the split dandelion scape soaked in water and the high concentration mannitol solution.We discovered that the difference between water absorption/dehydration capacities of inner cells and lateral cells of the split dandelion scape generates asymmetric expansion/contraction between inner and lateral layers,resulting two opposite coiled patterns.Analogous to the deformable hypothesis of the thermal expansion model,the water absorption-induced cell expansion model was proposed to explain the coiling process of the split dandelion scape.Both the simulation and experimental results revealed that the coiling of dandelion scape is strongly depended on the response of cells to the stimulation of the solution environment.Showing considerable potential load bearing capacity of plants,the coiling phenomenon can be an inspiration to the designs of soft robots and bionic sensors for humidity control.
基金supported by the funding“Innovation Project of Shandong Province Agricultural Application Technology”(2130106)“Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong”(2019GNC106004).
文摘This novel study identifi es the effective anti-inflammatory phenolic compounds in dandelion and provides mechanistic insights into their interactions with receptor proteins(toll-like receptor 4,TLR4;co-receptor myeloid differentiation protein-2,MD-2)using UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS,lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated THP-1 cell line,fluorescence quenching and anisotropy,molecular docking(single ligand and multi-ligand docking)and molecular dynamics simulation.A 50%aqueous methanol extract had a greater anti-inflammatory effect and higher chicoric acid content,compared with the 100%water and 100%methanol extracts.Chicoric acid,chlorogenic acid,methylophiopogonone A,caffeic acid,gallic acid monohydrate and 4’-O-demethylbroussonin A had relatively high binding energies and contents in all extracts.Chicoric acid competed with chlorogenic acid,4’-O-demethylbroussonin A and quercetin for MD-2.Among dandelion’s phenolics,chicoric acid most effectively hindered TLR4-MD-2 complex formation,with a quenching constant of 0.62×10^(6) L/mol for MD-2 or TLR4 at 320 K,and binding energies of-6.87 and-5.97 kcal/mol,respectively,for MD-2 and TLR4.
基金This study was supported by Fund of Hubei Provincial Education Department(Q20204508)Fund of Jiangxi Provincial Education Department(GJJ190851)。
文摘As a traditional Chinese herb,dandelion,containing complicated active ingredients which includes polysaccharide,flavonoid,terpene,pigment,phytosterol,coumarin,organic acid and etc,plays significant roles in various physiological activities in organisms.The active ingredients generally interfere in signal transduction of cancer cells,regulate cell cycle and apoptotic protein expression,inhibit cancer cells proliferation and migration and etc,which effectively restrains tumor development and deterioration.This article summarizes the anti-tumor mechanism of five active ingredients in dandelion through paper reading which provides thoughts and references for anti-tumor research.
文摘Background: A dandelion is a common plant with a global growth distribution that has been used as a medicinal and food with no adverse effects. Purpose: In this article, the products and effects of dandelions are reviewed to help further in-depth studies and develop more products derived from dandelions in the future. Method: The literature about dandelion in various databases such as Pubmed is searched. Results: Dandelions have many effects, such as virus inhibition, anti-tumor activity, nutritional value, anti-aging, potential as a vaccine and alleviation of heat stress. The mechanism underlying these effects is analyzed and it was found that dandelions were regulated by RNA or DNA. Conclusion: As a medicinal and food, dandelions are safe and have many effects. Many products derived from dandelions have been developed. The metabolic regulation is related with ribonucleic acid or possibly deoxynucleic acid. Further in-depth studies should be conducted on the regulation of dandelions through RNA or DNA. There will likely be more products derived from dandelions in the future.
文摘This study aimed at investigating effects of dandelion/probiotic on the testis histology and semen characteristics of male lambs. Twelve prepuberal Noemi male lambs (2 ± 0.4-month-old and 20 ± 3.5 kg B.W) were randomly allocated into four groups. Animals in group 1 were controlled, orally given normal saline as the same schedule of treated animals. In group 2 animals were given daily oral 50 ml of an aqueous extract of dandelion leaves. In group 3 animals were given a daily 50 ml of cow’s milk probiotics, and in group 4 animals were given 50 ml of a 1:1 mixture (dandelion extract: probiotic). Animals were treated for 8 consecutive weeks. At puberty, semen ejaculates were collected weekly for further 10 weeks. Thereafter, animals were sacrificed and testicles were obtained, weighed and a histopathological study was performed on the testis. Results revealed that oral administration of the dandelion aqueous extract to prepuberal lambs exhibited disturbances in the histological architecture of the testicular semeniferous tubules. Additionally, dandelion resulted in edematic interstitial tissues with evident vaculations. These deteriorations were reflected in less spermatogenesis (i.e. less sperm concentration and ejaculate volume by 10% and 20%, respectively than controlled group). Also, the percentage of sperm progressive motility was lower (P < 0.05) and dead sperm was higher (P < 0.05) in rams given dandelion than control. Administration of probiotic hasn’t revealed a change in the seminiferous tubules architecture, however, very little vaculation with rare edema was observed. Administration of the synbiotic mixture revealed intermediate histopathological appearances. The highest sperm concentration, testosterone concentration and advanced motility were obtained when probiotic was administered. In conclusion, although dandelion cures some hepatic malfunctions in human, caution must be taken into consideration of the frequent ingestion of dandelion for its harmful effect on male fertility.
基金supported by the Young Talent Project of Northeast Agricultural University(20QC03)Disciplinary Team Project of Northeast Agricultural University.
文摘Intercropping of crops that can secrete bacteriostatic active substances can not only inhibit the occurrence of disease but also have an important effect on plant growth.However,the effects of dandelion intercropping on pepper blight control and pepper growth remain unclear.In this study,the control effect of dandelion on pepper blight was studied by inoculating the pepper leaves with Phytophthora infestans,and it also discusses the correlation of the occurrence of pepper epidemic disease with the pepper canopy environment,soil environment,pepper photo-synthesis,and yield index.The results showed that best plant distance for dandelion intercropping was 20 cm(P20),and the control effect reached 43.31%.As compared to the CK,SOD enzyme,POD enzyme,and PAL enzyme were significantly up-regulated during the growth of pepper;chlorophyll content in pepper leaves was significantly increased;photosynthetic characteristics were significantly increased;stem diameter and yield of crop pepper were effectively improved;and the quality of the pepper product was better,but intercropping dandelion resulted in a significant decrease of nutrients in the soil environment of pepper,so a reasonable intercropping distance was needed.The correlation analysis shows that the incidence of pepper blight(A)was significantly positively correlated with soil temperature(Q),intercellular carbon dioxide(L),and canopy air temperature(O).The incidence of capsicum blight(A)was significantly negatively correlated with chlorophyll content(F),net photo-synthetic rate(K),stomatal conductance(M),ww rate(N),soil sucrase activity(W),vitamin C(AB),and leaf PAL enzyme(J).Finally,it was deduced that intercropping dandelion could effectively control the occurrence of pepper blight while also demonstrating a complex interaction with the pepper growing environment.
文摘[Objectives]To select dandelion varieties suitable for forest land in Beijing suburb plain.[Methods]With the local varieties in Beijing as control,four dandelion varieties,Hebei 2,Shandong 1,Anhui 1 and Henan 1 were introduced,and the growth differences,effective components and yield indexes of different varieties were analyzed.[Results]The leaf and root yield of Henan 1 dandelion was significantly higher than that of the control,and the content of caffeic acid in the root was also higher than the standard of Pharmacopoeia.[Conclusions]On the whole,the dandelion variety Henan 1 is suitable for demonstration planting under the young forest in the plains of Beijing suburb.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(2021YFD16009012021YFD1600902)。
文摘In order to study the effects of biochar-based organic fertilizer on the accumulation of the total flavonoid contents in dandelion after sowing,the experiment applied four levels of treatments of carbon-based organic fertilizer(0.15,0.30,0.45,and 0.60 kg•m^(-2)),and the base fertilizer that only applied conventional chemical fertilizer was used as the control.The total flavonoid contents and physiological indices of dandelion in different growth periods were determined.The results showed that the accumulation of the total flavonoid contents in leaves and roots of dandelion improved significantly by applying biochar-based organic fertilizer(0.15,0.30,0.45,and 0.60 kg•m^(-2)),with the highest total flavonoid occurred in the 0.45 kg•m^(-2) biochar-based organic fertilizer treatment.Along with dandelion growing,the total flavonoid contents in leaves were first elevated,and then decreased,with the maximum reached at 95 days after sowing(anthesis).While the total flavonoid contents in roots were elevated constantly.The total flavonoid contents accumulation in dandelion were positively correlated with net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate,soluble sugar content,soluble protein,nitrate nitrogen,and available potassium,while negatively correlated with intercellular CO_(2) concentration.
基金funded by the Liaoning Provincial Department of Education in 2023(No.JYTMS20231389)the Liaoning Provincial Science and Technology Department 2023 Joint Fund(No.2023-MSLH-297)+1 种基金the 2024 Shenyang Medical College Graduate Student Scientific and Technological Innovation Fund Project(No.Y20240533)the Liaoning Provincial Local Standards(DB/T 3476-2021),China。
文摘As a leafy vegetable,dandelion(Taraxacum antungense Kitag.)leaves are subject to senescence,such as yellowing and even decay,during postharvest storage.Calcium chloride(CaCl_(2))andε-polylysine(ε-PL)treatments can safely and effectively improve the postharvest quality of fruits and vegetables.To improve the storage quality,dandelions were treated with 0.5%(mass concentration)CaCl_(2)and 0.9 g/Lε-PL and stored at 4±0.5℃.The results showed that the combination treatment of CaCl_(2)andε-PL(CaCl_(2)+ε-PL treatment)could effectively delay the yellowing and chlorophyll content decline,as well as reduce the browning index,when compared with those of the control and single treatments.The CaCl_(2)+ε-PL treatment also enhanced the synthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites.The combination treatment could significantly enhance the enzyme activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL),4-coumarate-Co A ligase(4CL),and cinnamate-4-hydroxylase(C4H)in phenylpropanoid metabolism and upregulate the expression levels of Ta PAL,Ta4CL,and Ta C4H.Meanwhile,ε-PL treatment was more effective than CaCl_(2)treatment in promoting the expression of these genes.Correlation analysis indicates that the transcription levels and activities of the three enzymes,as well as the contents of secondary metabolites,are linked to the quality changes of dandelions treated with CaCl_(2)+ε-PL during cold storage.Principal component analysis was used to assess the storage quality of dandelions during cold storage,and the results showed the following rankings:CaCl_(2)+ε-PL>ε-PL>CaCl_(2)>control.These findings suggest that CaCl_(2)+ε-PL treatment can improve the postharvest storage quality of dandelions by modulating the phenylpropane metabolic pathway.
文摘Background： Dandelion is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine with several active compounds found in extracts. It has a variety of pharmacological effects, such as a reduction in swelling and inflammation, and detoxification. The mechanism by which dandelion extract inhibits the inflammatory response in skeletal muscle cells remains unknown; therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dandelion extract root on the proliferation of skeletal muscle cells and the alleviation of lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced inflammatory response in vitro. Methods： Rat skeletal muscle cells were isolated from Sprague-Dawley rat and cultured in vitro which were cultured in basal medium, or medium containing LPS or dandelion extract. Cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） was employed to measure cell proliferation; meanwhile, the optimal concentration of dandelion extract and treatment time were selected. Crystal violet staining was used to detect the proliferation of muscle cells. Western blotting analysis was used to detect the levels of inflammatory factors, myogenic factor, and p-AKT protein expression. Results： The optimal concentration and treatment time of dandelion extract for the following study were 5 mg/ml and 4 days, respectively. Dandelion extract was found to increase proliferation of rat skeletal muscle cells （t = 3.145, P 〈 0.05）, with the highest effect observed at 5 mg/ml. LPS was found to decrease proliferation of skeletal muscle cells （t = -131.959, P 〈 0.001）, and dandelion extract could against this affection （t = 19.466, P 〈 0.01）. LPS could induce expression of inflammatory factors, including interleukin （IL）-16, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α （IL-16： t = 9.118, P 〈 0.01; IL-6： t = 4.346, P 〈 0.05; TNF-α： t = 15.806, P 〈 0.05）, and dandelion extract was shown to reduce LPS-induced expression of IL- 16, IL-6 and TNF-α （IL-I 6： t = -2.823, P 〈 0.05; IL-6： t = -3.348, P 〈 0.01; and TNF-α： t = -3.710, P 〈 0.01）. Furthermore, LPS was also shown to decrease expression of myogenic factor, including myod 1 and myogenin （MyoDl： t = 4.039, P 〈 0：05 and myogenin： t = 3.300, P 〈 0.01）, but dandelion extract was shown to against this effect of LPS （MyoD 1： t = -3.160, P 〈 0.05 and myogenin： t = -3.207, P 〈 0.01 ）. And then, LPS was found to increase expression of p-AKT protein （p-AKT/AKT： t = 4.432, P 〈 0.05）. Moreover, expression of p-AKT protein was found to decrease, with 5 mg/ml of dandelion extract （p-AKT/AKT： t = -3.618, P 〈 0.05）. Conclusions： The findings indicate that dandelion extract plays an important role in skeletal muscle cells viability regulation, promote cells proliferation by increasing level of p-AKT protein expression, and reduce LPS-induced expression of inflammatory factors, inhibiting the inflammatory response of rat skeletal muscle cells.
