Tissue-inspired stretchable ionic conductors hold immense promise as core sensing and signal-transmitting elements for human-machine interfaces and soft robotics.Their inherent stretchability and softness allow seamle...Tissue-inspired stretchable ionic conductors hold immense promise as core sensing and signal-transmitting elements for human-machine interfaces and soft robotics.Their inherent stretchability and softness allow seamless integration with human skin and other substrates,enabling real-time electrophysiological signal acquisition or sensitive monitoring of deformations and environmental stimuli.However,this innate softness often renders them susceptible to a range of unpredictable mechanical damages,such as fractures,cuts,tears,fatigue,and impacts.Environmental factors like heat,freezing,swelling,and vibrations can also lead to their gradual mechanical deterioration.These diverse damages may induce permanent structural failures,significantly compromising the materials’stability and long-term reliability in practical applications.This review categorizes and summarizes the recent strategies for designing damage-tolerant stretchable ionic conductors,emphasizing the tunability and evolution of their condensed structures toward high damage resistance.We highlight bio-inspired heterogeneous network designs with viscoelastic polymers,which elegantly address the inherent trade-off between softness and damage tolerance.These advancements in mechanical robustness pave the way for developing a new generation of durable soft devices.展开更多
The damage-tolerant titanium alloy TC21 is used extensively in important parts of advanced aircraft because of its high strength and durability. However, cutting TC21 entails problems, such as high cutting temperature...The damage-tolerant titanium alloy TC21 is used extensively in important parts of advanced aircraft because of its high strength and durability. However, cutting TC21 entails problems, such as high cutting temperature, high tool tip stress, rapid tool wear, and difficulty guaranteeing processing quality. Orthogonal turn-milling can be used to solve these problems. In this study, the machinability of TC21 in orthogonal turn-milling is investigated experimentally to optimize the cutting parameters of orthogonal turn-milling and improve the machining efficiency, tool life, and machining quality of TC21. The mechanism of the effect of turn-milling parameters on tool life is discussed, the relationship between each parameter and tool life is analyzed, and the failure process of a TiAlN-coated tool in turn-milling is explored. Experiments are conducted on the integrity of the machined surface (surface roughness, metallographic structure, and work hardening) by turn-milling, and how the parameters influence such integrity is analyzed. Then, reasonable cutting parameters for TC21 in orthogonal turn-milling are recommended. This study provides strong guidance for exploring the machinability of difficult-to-cut-materials in orthogonal turn-milling and improves the applicability of orthogonal turn-milling for such materials.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52322306,21991123,22275032,52161135102)Shanghai Oriental Talent Program and Talent Development Fund(2021021).
文摘Tissue-inspired stretchable ionic conductors hold immense promise as core sensing and signal-transmitting elements for human-machine interfaces and soft robotics.Their inherent stretchability and softness allow seamless integration with human skin and other substrates,enabling real-time electrophysiological signal acquisition or sensitive monitoring of deformations and environmental stimuli.However,this innate softness often renders them susceptible to a range of unpredictable mechanical damages,such as fractures,cuts,tears,fatigue,and impacts.Environmental factors like heat,freezing,swelling,and vibrations can also lead to their gradual mechanical deterioration.These diverse damages may induce permanent structural failures,significantly compromising the materials’stability and long-term reliability in practical applications.This review categorizes and summarizes the recent strategies for designing damage-tolerant stretchable ionic conductors,emphasizing the tunability and evolution of their condensed structures toward high damage resistance.We highlight bio-inspired heterogeneous network designs with viscoelastic polymers,which elegantly address the inherent trade-off between softness and damage tolerance.These advancements in mechanical robustness pave the way for developing a new generation of durable soft devices.
基金Support provided by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20171170)the Six Talent Peaks Project of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.JXQC-049)+1 种基金the Major Program of Natural Science Foundation for Colleges and Universities of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.19KJA560007)the Project of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Large Engineering Equipment Detection and Control(Grant No.JSKLEDC201512).
文摘The damage-tolerant titanium alloy TC21 is used extensively in important parts of advanced aircraft because of its high strength and durability. However, cutting TC21 entails problems, such as high cutting temperature, high tool tip stress, rapid tool wear, and difficulty guaranteeing processing quality. Orthogonal turn-milling can be used to solve these problems. In this study, the machinability of TC21 in orthogonal turn-milling is investigated experimentally to optimize the cutting parameters of orthogonal turn-milling and improve the machining efficiency, tool life, and machining quality of TC21. The mechanism of the effect of turn-milling parameters on tool life is discussed, the relationship between each parameter and tool life is analyzed, and the failure process of a TiAlN-coated tool in turn-milling is explored. Experiments are conducted on the integrity of the machined surface (surface roughness, metallographic structure, and work hardening) by turn-milling, and how the parameters influence such integrity is analyzed. Then, reasonable cutting parameters for TC21 in orthogonal turn-milling are recommended. This study provides strong guidance for exploring the machinability of difficult-to-cut-materials in orthogonal turn-milling and improves the applicability of orthogonal turn-milling for such materials.
