The emergence of laser technology has led to the gradual integration of laser weapon system(LaWS)into military scene,particularly in the field of anti-unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV),showcasing significant potential.Howe...The emergence of laser technology has led to the gradual integration of laser weapon system(LaWS)into military scene,particularly in the field of anti-unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV),showcasing significant potential.However,A current limitation lies in the absence of a comprehensive quantitative approach to assess the capabilities of LaWS.To address this issue,a damage effectiveness characterization model for LaWS is established,taking into account the properties of laser transmission through the atmosphere and the thermal damage effects.By employing this model,key parameters pertaining to the effectiveness of laser damage are determined.The impact of various spatial positions and atmospheric conditions on the damage effectiveness of LaWS have been examined,employing simulation experiments with diverse parameters.The conclusions indicate that the damage effectiveness of LaWS is contingent upon the spatial position of the target,resulting in a diminished effectiveness to damage on distant,low-altitude targets.Additionally,the damage effectiveness of LaWS is heavily reliant on the atmospheric condition,particularly in complex settings such as midday and low visibility conditions,where the damage effectiveness is substantially reduced.This paper provides an accurate and effective calculation method for the rapid decisionmaking of the operators.展开更多
This study investigates the effects of displacement damage on the dark signal of a pinned photodiode CMOS image sensor(CIS)following irradiation with back-streaming white neutrons from white neutron sources at the Chi...This study investigates the effects of displacement damage on the dark signal of a pinned photodiode CMOS image sensor(CIS)following irradiation with back-streaming white neutrons from white neutron sources at the China spallation neutron source(CSNS)and Xi'an pulsed reactor(XAPR).The mean dark signal,dark signal non-uniformity(DSNU),dark signal distribution,and hot pixels of the CIS were compared between the CSNS back-n and XAPR neutron irradiations.The nonionizing energy loss and energy distribution of primary knock-on atoms in silicon,induced by neutrons,were calculated using the open-source package Geant4.An analysis combining experimental and simulation results showed a noticeable proportionality between the increase in the mean dark signal and the displacement damage dose(DDD).Additionally,neutron energies influence DSNU,dark signal distribution,and hot pixels.High neutron energies at the same DDD level may lead to pronounced dark signal non-uniformity and elevated hot pixel values.展开更多
Various industrial waste binders(IWBs)are being recycled in soil stabilization to save cement consumption.However,the coupled effects brought out by combined IWBs on stabilized soils are still unclear.IWBs are categor...Various industrial waste binders(IWBs)are being recycled in soil stabilization to save cement consumption.However,the coupled effects brought out by combined IWBs on stabilized soils are still unclear.IWBs are categorized into two typical categories(IWB-A and IWB-B)referring to their chemical role in this study.The alkali-source effect,pore-filling effect and cementation damage effect by IWBs in soil stabilization are explored.A series of mechanical and microscopic tests is performed on stabilized clay with different proportions of IWB-A and IWB-B.Moreover,initial water contents and cement contents of cement-stabilized clay are varied to examine the evolution of coupled effect with void ratio and cementation level.The results indicate that the alkali-source effect strengthens the cementation bonds and increases the early strength by 0.5e1.3 times,whereas the pore-filling effect improves the microfabric especially for the specimen with a large void ratio.The alkali-source effect increases soil cohesion cu at the pre-yield stage,and the pore-filling effect increases frictional angle 4u at the post-yield stage.The cementation damage effect is remarkable at a low void ratio,which may result in many extruded pores among soil aggregates.The strength evolution with IWB proportions can be well stimulated by considering the coupled alkali-source effect,pore-filling effect and cementation damage effect.The optimal proportion of IWBs corresponds to an optimal combination of coupled effect.展开更多
Owing to the unique characteristics of ultra-thin body and nanoscale sensitivity volume,MoS_(2)-based field-effect tran-sistors(FETs)are regarded as optimal components for radiation-hardened integrated circuits(ICs),w...Owing to the unique characteristics of ultra-thin body and nanoscale sensitivity volume,MoS_(2)-based field-effect tran-sistors(FETs)are regarded as optimal components for radiation-hardened integrated circuits(ICs),which is exponentially grow-ing demanded especially in the fields of space exploration and the nuclear industry.Many researches on MoS_(2)-based radiation tolerance electronics focused on the total ionizing dose(TID)effect,while few works concerned the displacement damage(DD)effects,which is more challenging to measure and more crucial for practical applications.We first conducted measurements to assess the DD effects of MoS_(2) FETs,and then presented the stopping and ranges of ions in matter(SRIM)simulation to analysis the DD degradation mechanism in MoS_(2) electronics.The monolayer MoS_(2)-based FETs exhibit DD radiation tolerance up to 1.56×1013 MeV/g,which is at least two order of magnitude than that in conventional radiation hardened ICs.The exceptional DD radiation tolerance will significantly enhance the deployment of MoS_(2) integrated circuits in environments characterized by high-energy solar and cosmic radiation exposure.展开更多
The damage effect assessment of anti-ship missiles combines system science and weapon science,which can provide reference for the assessment of battlefield damage situation.In order to solve the difficulty of heteroge...The damage effect assessment of anti-ship missiles combines system science and weapon science,which can provide reference for the assessment of battlefield damage situation.In order to solve the difficulty of heterogeneous data aggregation and the difficulty in constructing the mapping between factors and damage effect,this paper analyzes the specific damage process of the anti-ship missile to the ship,and proposes a synthetic Evidential Reasoning(ER)–Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System(ANFIS)to assess the damage effect.To solve the problem of fuzziness and uncertainty of criteria in the assessment process,the belief structure model is used to transform qualitative and quantitative information into a unified mathematical structure,and ER algorithm is used to fuse the information of lower-level criteria.In order to solve the problem of fuzziness and uncertainty of the information contained in the first-level variables,and the strong non-linear characteristics of the mapping between first-level variables and damage effect,the ANFIS with selfadaptation and self-learning is constructed.The map between the three first-level variables and damage effect is established,and the interaction process of the various factors in the damage effect assessment are clear.Sensitivity analysis shows that assessment model has good stability.The result analysis and comparative analysis show that the process proposed in this paper can effectively assess the damage effect of anti-ship missiles,and all criteria data are objective and comparable.展开更多
In this paper, we present the damage effect and mechanism of high power microwave （HPM） on AIGaAs/GaAs pseudomorphic high-electron-mobility transistor （pHEMT） of low-noise amplifier （LNA）. A detailed investigati...In this paper, we present the damage effect and mechanism of high power microwave （HPM） on AIGaAs/GaAs pseudomorphic high-electron-mobility transistor （pHEMT） of low-noise amplifier （LNA）. A detailed investigation is carried out by simulation and experiment study. A two-dimensional electro-thermal model of the typical GaAs pHEMT induced by HPM is established in this paper. The simulation result reveals that avalanche breakdown, intrinsic excitation, and thermal breakdown all contribute to damage process. Heat accumulation occurs during the positive half cycle and the cylinder under the gate near the source side is most susceptible to burn-out. Experiment is carried out by injecting high power microwave into GaAs pHEMT LNA samples. It is found that the damage to LNA is because of the burn-out at first stage pHEMT. The interiors of the damaged samples are observed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and energy dispersive spectrometer （EDS）. Experimental results accord well with the simulation of our model.展开更多
The principle of sonic wave measurement was introduced, and cumulative damage effects of underground engineering rock mass under blasting load were studied by in situ test, using RSM-SY5 intelligent sonic wave apparat...The principle of sonic wave measurement was introduced, and cumulative damage effects of underground engineering rock mass under blasting load were studied by in situ test, using RSM-SY5 intelligent sonic wave apparatus. The blasting test was carried out for ten times at some tunnels of Changba Lead-Zinc Mine. The damage depth of surrounding rock caused by old blasting excavation （0.8-1.2 m） was confirmed. The relation between the cumulative damage degree and blast times was obtained. The results show that the sonic velocity decreases gradually with increasing blast times, hut the damage degree （D） increases. The damage cumulative law is non-linear. The damage degree caused by blast decreases with increasing distance, and damage effects become indistinct. The blasting damage of rock mass is anisotropic. The damage degree of rock mass within charging range is maximal. And the more the charge is, the more severe the damage degree of rock mass is. The test results provide references for researches of mechanical parameters of rock mass and dynamic stability analysis of underground chambers.展开更多
A two-dimensional model of the silicon NPN monolithic composite transistor is established for the first time by utilizing the semiconductor device simulator, Sentaurus-TCAD. By analyzing the internal distributions of ...A two-dimensional model of the silicon NPN monolithic composite transistor is established for the first time by utilizing the semiconductor device simulator, Sentaurus-TCAD. By analyzing the internal distributions of electric field, current density, and temperature of the device, a detailed investigation on the damage process and mechanism induced by high-power microwaves （HPM） is performed. The results indicate that the temperature elevation occurs in the negative half-period and the temperature drop process is in the positive half-period under the HPM injection from the output port. The damage point is located near the edge of the base-emitter junction of T2, while with the input injection it exists between the base and the emitter of T2. Comparing these two kinds of injection, the input injection is more likely to damage the device than the output injection. The dependences of the damage energy threshold and the damage power threshold causing the device failure on the pulse-width are obtained, and the formulas obtained have the same form as the experimental equations, which demonstrates that more power is required to destroy the device if the pulse-width is shorter. Furthermore, the simulation result in this paper has a good coincidence with the experimental result.展开更多
The research on the damage effectiveness assessment of anti-ship missiles involves system science and weapon science, and has essential strategic research significance. With comprehensive analysis of the specific proc...The research on the damage effectiveness assessment of anti-ship missiles involves system science and weapon science, and has essential strategic research significance. With comprehensive analysis of the specific process of the damage assessment process of anti-missile against ships, a synthetic damage effectiveness assessment process is proposed based on the double hierarchy linguistic term set and the evidence theory. In order to improve the accuracy of the expert ’s assessment information, double hierarchy linguistic terms are used to describe the assessment opinions of experts. In order to avoid the loss of experts ’ original information caused by information fusion rules, the evidence theory is used to fuse the assessment information of various experts on each case. Good stability of the assessment process can be reflected through sensitivity analysis, and the fluctuation of a certain parameter does not have an excessive influence on the assessment results. The assessment process is accurate enough to be reflected through comparative analysis and it has a good advantage in damage effectiveness assessment.展开更多
Displacement damage effects on the charge-coupled device(CCD)induced by neutrons at the back-streaming white neutron source(Back-n)in the China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS)are analyzed according to an online irradi...Displacement damage effects on the charge-coupled device(CCD)induced by neutrons at the back-streaming white neutron source(Back-n)in the China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS)are analyzed according to an online irradiation experiment.The hot pixels,random telegraph signal(RTS),mean dark signal,dark current and dark signal non-uniformity(DSNU)induced by Back-n are presented.The dark current is calculated according to the mean dark signal at various integration times.The single-particle displacement damage and transient response are also observed based on the online measurement data.The trends of hot pixels,mean dark signal,DSNU and RTS degradation are related to the integration time and irradiation fluence.The mean dark signal,dark current and DSNU2 are nearly linear with neutron irradiation fluence when nearly all the pixels do not reach saturation.In addition,the mechanisms of the displacement damage effects on the CCD are demonstrated by combining the experimental results and technology computer-aided design(TCAD)simulation.Radiation-induced traps in the space charge region of the CCD will act as generation/recombination centers of electron-hole pairs,leading to an increase in the dark signal.展开更多
The damage effect and mechanism of the electromagnetic pulse （EMP） on the GaAs pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor （PHEMT） are investigated in this paper. By using the device simulation software, the d...The damage effect and mechanism of the electromagnetic pulse （EMP） on the GaAs pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor （PHEMT） are investigated in this paper. By using the device simulation software, the distributions and variations of the electric field, the current density and the temperature are analyzed. The simulation results show that there are three physical effects, i.e., the forward-biased effect of the gate Schottky junction, the avalanche breakdown, and the thermal breakdown of the barrier layer, which influence the device current in the damage process. It is found that the damage position of the device changes with the amplitude of the step voltage pulse. The damage appears under the gate near the drain when the amplitude of the pulse is low, and it also occurs under the gate near the source when the amplitude is sufficiently high, which is consistent with the experimental results.展开更多
This paper analyzes the electronic equipment＇s effect factors such as structure characteristics and environment.The radar equipment is taken as an experimental subject.The damage laws of electro-products in vibration...This paper analyzes the electronic equipment＇s effect factors such as structure characteristics and environment.The radar equipment is taken as an experimental subject.The damage laws of electro-products in vibration environment are analyzed.The experiment shows that the damage of electro-products in vibration environment has relations with both the type and amplitude of vibration and their structure.展开更多
This paper established the axle load distribution model of overload axes by practical axle-meter investigations. To study the effects of overload axes on pavement distress, deflection and deflection basin tests with a...This paper established the axle load distribution model of overload axes by practical axle-meter investigations. To study the effects of overload axes on pavement distress, deflection and deflection basin tests with axle load from 60kN to 190kN were conducted on different pavement structures. The relationship between axle load and its deflection as well as its deflection basin curvature was obtained by statistical analyses. A methodology for deriving the equivalent conversion factors of overload axes to equivalent standard axle loads (ESAL) of 100kN is developed, obtaining the relationship between the equivalent conversion factors and the axle loads. Comparing the calculated defiections with the measured deflections, that elastic layered system theory is suitable for analyzing overload vehicles was verified. Consequently, the stresses and strains caused by overload axes were calculated by elastic layered system theory. The results showed that overload axes led to greater stresses and strains causing premature pavement fatigue distress. To guarantee the expected performance in overload axes pavement, the structure thickness needed increasing was obtained. The results are of referential values in the control of semi-rigid pavement overloadings.展开更多
Excavation-induced disturbances in deep tunnels will lead to deterioration of rock properties and formation of excavation damaged zone(EDZ).This excavation damage effect may affect the potential rockburst pit depth.Ta...Excavation-induced disturbances in deep tunnels will lead to deterioration of rock properties and formation of excavation damaged zone(EDZ).This excavation damage effect may affect the potential rockburst pit depth.Taking two diversion tunnels of Jinping II hydropower station for example,the relationship between rockburst pit depth and excavation damage effect is first surveyed.The results indicate that the rockburst pit depth in tunnels with severe damage to rock masses is relatively large.Subsequently,the excavation-induced damage effect is characterized by disturbance factor D based on the Hoek-Brown criterion and wave velocity method.It is found that the EDZ could be further divided into a high-damage zone(HDZ)with D=1 and weak-damage zone(WDZ),and D decays from one to zero linearly.For this,a quantitative evaluation method for potential rockburst pit depth is established by presenting a three-element rockburst criterion considering rock strength,geostress and disturbance factor.The evaluation results obtained by this method match well with actual observations.In addition,the weakening of rock mass strength promotes the formation and expansion of potential rockburst pits.The potential rockburst pit depth is positively correlated with HDZ and WDZ depths,and the HDZ depth has a significant contribution to the potential rockburst pit depth.展开更多
Irradiation experiments on p-Ga N gate high-electron-mobility transistors(HEMTs) were conducted using neutrons at Back-streaming White Neutron(Back-n) facility at the China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS).Two groups o...Irradiation experiments on p-Ga N gate high-electron-mobility transistors(HEMTs) were conducted using neutrons at Back-streaming White Neutron(Back-n) facility at the China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS).Two groups of devices were float-biased,while one group was ON-biased.Post-irradiation analysis revealed that the electrical performance of the devices exhibited progressive degradation with increasing Back-n fluence,with the ON-biased group demonstrating the most pronounced deterioration.This degradation was primarily characterized by a negative shift in the threshold voltage,a significant increase in reverse gate leakage current,and a slight reduction in forward gate leakage.Further analysis of the gate leakage current and capacitance-voltage characteristics indicated an elevated concentration of two-dimensional electron gas(2DEG),attributed to donor-type defects introduced within the barrier layer by Back-n irradiation.These defects act as hole traps,converting into fixed positive charges that deepen the quantum-well conduction band,thereby enhancing the 2DEG density.Additionally,through the trap-assisted tunneling mechanism,these defects serve as tunneling centers,increasing the probability of electron tunneling and consequently elevating the reverse gate leakage current.展开更多
The penetration-deflagration coupling damage performance of rod-like reactive shaped charge pene-trator(RRSCP)impacting thick steel plates is investigated by theoretical analysis and experiments.A penetration-deflagra...The penetration-deflagration coupling damage performance of rod-like reactive shaped charge pene-trator(RRSCP)impacting thick steel plates is investigated by theoretical analysis and experiments.A penetration-deflagration coupling damage model is developed to predict the penetration depth and cratering diameter.Four type of aluminum-polytetrafluoroethylene-copper(Al-PTFE-Cu)reactive liners with densities of 2.3,2.7,3.5,and 4.5 g·cm^(-3) are selected to conduct the penetration experiments.The comparison results show that model predictions are in good agreement with the experimental data.By comparing the penetration depth and cratering diameter in the inert penetration mode and the penetration-deflagration coupling mode,the influence mechanism that the penetration-induced chemical response is unfavorable to penetration but has an enhanced cratering effect is revealed.From the formation characteristics,penetration effect and penetration-induced chemical reaction be-haviors,the influence of reactive liner density on the penetration-deflagration performance is further analyzed.The results show that increasing the density of reactive liner significantly increases both the kinetic energy and length of the reactive penetrator,meanwhile effectively reduces the weakened effect of penetration-induced chemical response,resulting in an enhanced penetration capability.However,due to the decreased diameter and potential energy content of reactive penetrator,the cratering capa-bility is weakened significantly.展开更多
The nonlinear dynamic behaviors of viscoelastic rectangular plates including the damage effects under the action of a transverse periodic load were studied. Using the von Karman equations, Boltzmann superposition prin...The nonlinear dynamic behaviors of viscoelastic rectangular plates including the damage effects under the action of a transverse periodic load were studied. Using the von Karman equations, Boltzmann superposition principle and continuum damage mechanics, the nonlinear dynamic equations in terms of the mid_plane displacements for the viscoelastic thin plates with damage effect were derived. By adopting the finite difference method and Newmark method, these equations were solved. The results were compared with the available data. In the numerical calculations, the effects of the external loading parameters and geometric dimensions of the plate on the nonlinear dynamic responses of the plate were discussed. Research results show that the nonlinear dynamic response of the structure will change remarkably when the damage effect is considered.展开更多
The electrostatic discharge(ESD)protection circuit widely exists in the input and output ports of CMOS digital circuits,and fast rising time electromagnetic pulse(FREMP)coupled into the device not only interacts with ...The electrostatic discharge(ESD)protection circuit widely exists in the input and output ports of CMOS digital circuits,and fast rising time electromagnetic pulse(FREMP)coupled into the device not only interacts with the CMOS circuit,but also acts on the protection circuit.This paper establishes a model of on-chip CMOS electrostatic discharge protection circuit and selects square pulse as the FREMP signals.Based on multiple physical parameter models,it depicts the distribution of the lattice temperature,current density,and electric field intensity inside the device.At the same time,this paper explores the changes of the internal devices in the circuit under the injection of fast rising time electromagnetic pulse and describes the relationship between the damage amplitude threshold and the pulse width.The results show that the ESD protection circuit has potential damage risk,and the injection of FREMP leads to irreversible heat loss inside the circuit.In addition,pulse signals with different attributes will change the damage threshold of the circuit.These results provide an important reference for further evaluation of the influence of electromagnetic environment on the chip,which is helpful to carry out the reliability enhancement research of ESD protection circuit.展开更多
By utilizing wave velocity imaging technology,the uniaxial multi-stage loading test was conducted on siltstone to attain wave velocity imagings during rock fracture.Based on the time series parameters of acoustic emis...By utilizing wave velocity imaging technology,the uniaxial multi-stage loading test was conducted on siltstone to attain wave velocity imagings during rock fracture.Based on the time series parameters of acoustic emissions(AE),joint response characteristics of the velocity field and AE during rock fracture were analyzed.Moreover,the localization effect of damage during rock fracture was explored by applying wave velocity imagings.The experimental result showed that the wave velocity imagings enable three-dimensional(3-D)visualization of the extent and spatial position of damage to the rock.A damaged zone has a low wave velocity and a zone where the low wave velocity is concentrated tends to correspond to a severely damaged zone.AE parameters and wave velocity imagings depict the changes in activity of cracks during rock fracture from temporal and spatial perspectives,respectively:the activity of cracks is strengthened,and the rate of AE events increases during rock fracture;correspondingly,the low-velocity zones are gradually aggregated and their area gradually increases.From the wave velocity imagings,the damaged zones in rock were divided into an initially damaged zone,a progressively damaged zone,and a fractured zone.During rock fracture,the progressively damaged zone and the fractured zone both develop around the initially damaged zone,showing a typical localization effect of the damage.By capturing the spatial development trends of the progressively damaged zone and fractured zone in wave velocity imagings,the development of microfractures can be predicted,exerting practical significance for determining the position of the main fracture.展开更多
The present study was performed to determine the influence of lipid peroxidation and perturbance of Ca2+ homeostasis on liver damage induced by 2-chloro-1, 3-butadiene (CBD) and the protective effects of vitamin E in ...The present study was performed to determine the influence of lipid peroxidation and perturbance of Ca2+ homeostasis on liver damage induced by 2-chloro-1, 3-butadiene (CBD) and the protective effects of vitamin E in Wistar rats. Animals were given intraperitoneally different doses (8,40 or 200 mg·kg-1 daily) of CBD for 21 days, and the following dose-dependent events were observed: liver damage, significant increase in liver lipid peroxides, and decreases in activities of erythrocytic glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The pretreatment of rats with vitamin E (po 150 mg·kg-1) before administering CBD (iP 60 mg·kg-1 ) daily for 21 days prevented the following CBD-induced changes, the increase in serum cholylglycine (CG), hepatic LP, hepatic mitochondrion LP, hepatic oxidized glutathione (GSSG) (while the significant increase of reduced glutathione (GSH) was not affected) and the decrease in activities of erythrocytic SOD and hepatic mitochondrial calcium sequestration. These results suggest that lipid peroxidation and perturbance of Ca2+ homeostasis appear to contribute to the hepatotoxicity of CBD, and vitamin E might prevent the liver damage induced by CBD. The decrease in activities of GSH-Px and SOD in erythrocytes might be used as biomarkers for adverse effects of CBD on defense system against lipid peroxidation.展开更多
基金supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China(2022-SKJJ-C-037)the National Natural Science Foundation of China General Program(72071209).
文摘The emergence of laser technology has led to the gradual integration of laser weapon system(LaWS)into military scene,particularly in the field of anti-unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV),showcasing significant potential.However,A current limitation lies in the absence of a comprehensive quantitative approach to assess the capabilities of LaWS.To address this issue,a damage effectiveness characterization model for LaWS is established,taking into account the properties of laser transmission through the atmosphere and the thermal damage effects.By employing this model,key parameters pertaining to the effectiveness of laser damage are determined.The impact of various spatial positions and atmospheric conditions on the damage effectiveness of LaWS have been examined,employing simulation experiments with diverse parameters.The conclusions indicate that the damage effectiveness of LaWS is contingent upon the spatial position of the target,resulting in a diminished effectiveness to damage on distant,low-altitude targets.Additionally,the damage effectiveness of LaWS is heavily reliant on the atmospheric condition,particularly in complex settings such as midday and low visibility conditions,where the damage effectiveness is substantially reduced.This paper provides an accurate and effective calculation method for the rapid decisionmaking of the operators.
基金supported by the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(No.YESS20210441)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2167208,11875223)。
文摘This study investigates the effects of displacement damage on the dark signal of a pinned photodiode CMOS image sensor(CIS)following irradiation with back-streaming white neutrons from white neutron sources at the China spallation neutron source(CSNS)and Xi'an pulsed reactor(XAPR).The mean dark signal,dark signal non-uniformity(DSNU),dark signal distribution,and hot pixels of the CIS were compared between the CSNS back-n and XAPR neutron irradiations.The nonionizing energy loss and energy distribution of primary knock-on atoms in silicon,induced by neutrons,were calculated using the open-source package Geant4.An analysis combining experimental and simulation results showed a noticeable proportionality between the increase in the mean dark signal and the displacement damage dose(DDD).Additionally,neutron energies influence DSNU,dark signal distribution,and hot pixels.High neutron energies at the same DDD level may lead to pronounced dark signal non-uniformity and elevated hot pixel values.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52378330)National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2015BAB07B06)Scientific Research Foundation of Graduate School of Southeast University(Grant No.YBPY2162).
文摘Various industrial waste binders(IWBs)are being recycled in soil stabilization to save cement consumption.However,the coupled effects brought out by combined IWBs on stabilized soils are still unclear.IWBs are categorized into two typical categories(IWB-A and IWB-B)referring to their chemical role in this study.The alkali-source effect,pore-filling effect and cementation damage effect by IWBs in soil stabilization are explored.A series of mechanical and microscopic tests is performed on stabilized clay with different proportions of IWB-A and IWB-B.Moreover,initial water contents and cement contents of cement-stabilized clay are varied to examine the evolution of coupled effect with void ratio and cementation level.The results indicate that the alkali-source effect strengthens the cementation bonds and increases the early strength by 0.5e1.3 times,whereas the pore-filling effect improves the microfabric especially for the specimen with a large void ratio.The alkali-source effect increases soil cohesion cu at the pre-yield stage,and the pore-filling effect increases frictional angle 4u at the post-yield stage.The cementation damage effect is remarkable at a low void ratio,which may result in many extruded pores among soil aggregates.The strength evolution with IWB proportions can be well stimulated by considering the coupled alkali-source effect,pore-filling effect and cementation damage effect.The optimal proportion of IWBs corresponds to an optimal combination of coupled effect.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.62301247)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No.2024300427)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No.BK20230778)the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province (Grant No.BK20232009)the Innovation Leading Talent Foundation of Suzhou (Grant No.ZXL2023164)Guangdong Major Project of Basic Research (Grant No.2021B0301030003)Jihua Laboratory (Project No.X210141TL210).
文摘Owing to the unique characteristics of ultra-thin body and nanoscale sensitivity volume,MoS_(2)-based field-effect tran-sistors(FETs)are regarded as optimal components for radiation-hardened integrated circuits(ICs),which is exponentially grow-ing demanded especially in the fields of space exploration and the nuclear industry.Many researches on MoS_(2)-based radiation tolerance electronics focused on the total ionizing dose(TID)effect,while few works concerned the displacement damage(DD)effects,which is more challenging to measure and more crucial for practical applications.We first conducted measurements to assess the DD effects of MoS_(2) FETs,and then presented the stopping and ranges of ions in matter(SRIM)simulation to analysis the DD degradation mechanism in MoS_(2) electronics.The monolayer MoS_(2)-based FETs exhibit DD radiation tolerance up to 1.56×1013 MeV/g,which is at least two order of magnitude than that in conventional radiation hardened ICs.The exceptional DD radiation tolerance will significantly enhance the deployment of MoS_(2) integrated circuits in environments characterized by high-energy solar and cosmic radiation exposure.
文摘The damage effect assessment of anti-ship missiles combines system science and weapon science,which can provide reference for the assessment of battlefield damage situation.In order to solve the difficulty of heterogeneous data aggregation and the difficulty in constructing the mapping between factors and damage effect,this paper analyzes the specific damage process of the anti-ship missile to the ship,and proposes a synthetic Evidential Reasoning(ER)–Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System(ANFIS)to assess the damage effect.To solve the problem of fuzziness and uncertainty of criteria in the assessment process,the belief structure model is used to transform qualitative and quantitative information into a unified mathematical structure,and ER algorithm is used to fuse the information of lower-level criteria.In order to solve the problem of fuzziness and uncertainty of the information contained in the first-level variables,and the strong non-linear characteristics of the mapping between first-level variables and damage effect,the ANFIS with selfadaptation and self-learning is constructed.The map between the three first-level variables and damage effect is established,and the interaction process of the various factors in the damage effect assessment are clear.Sensitivity analysis shows that assessment model has good stability.The result analysis and comparative analysis show that the process proposed in this paper can effectively assess the damage effect of anti-ship missiles,and all criteria data are objective and comparable.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2014CB339900)the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Science and TechnologyChina Academy of Engineering Physics(Grant No.2015-0214.XY.K)
文摘In this paper, we present the damage effect and mechanism of high power microwave （HPM） on AIGaAs/GaAs pseudomorphic high-electron-mobility transistor （pHEMT） of low-noise amplifier （LNA）. A detailed investigation is carried out by simulation and experiment study. A two-dimensional electro-thermal model of the typical GaAs pHEMT induced by HPM is established in this paper. The simulation result reveals that avalanche breakdown, intrinsic excitation, and thermal breakdown all contribute to damage process. Heat accumulation occurs during the positive half cycle and the cylinder under the gate near the source side is most susceptible to burn-out. Experiment is carried out by injecting high power microwave into GaAs pHEMT LNA samples. It is found that the damage to LNA is because of the burn-out at first stage pHEMT. The interiors of the damaged samples are observed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and energy dispersive spectrometer （EDS）. Experimental results accord well with the simulation of our model.
基金Project (50490272) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(040109) supported by the Doctor Degree Paper Innovation Engineering of Central South University
文摘The principle of sonic wave measurement was introduced, and cumulative damage effects of underground engineering rock mass under blasting load were studied by in situ test, using RSM-SY5 intelligent sonic wave apparatus. The blasting test was carried out for ten times at some tunnels of Changba Lead-Zinc Mine. The damage depth of surrounding rock caused by old blasting excavation （0.8-1.2 m） was confirmed. The relation between the cumulative damage degree and blast times was obtained. The results show that the sonic velocity decreases gradually with increasing blast times, hut the damage degree （D） increases. The damage cumulative law is non-linear. The damage degree caused by blast decreases with increasing distance, and damage effects become indistinct. The blasting damage of rock mass is anisotropic. The damage degree of rock mass within charging range is maximal. And the more the charge is, the more severe the damage degree of rock mass is. The test results provide references for researches of mechanical parameters of rock mass and dynamic stability analysis of underground chambers.
文摘A two-dimensional model of the silicon NPN monolithic composite transistor is established for the first time by utilizing the semiconductor device simulator, Sentaurus-TCAD. By analyzing the internal distributions of electric field, current density, and temperature of the device, a detailed investigation on the damage process and mechanism induced by high-power microwaves （HPM） is performed. The results indicate that the temperature elevation occurs in the negative half-period and the temperature drop process is in the positive half-period under the HPM injection from the output port. The damage point is located near the edge of the base-emitter junction of T2, while with the input injection it exists between the base and the emitter of T2. Comparing these two kinds of injection, the input injection is more likely to damage the device than the output injection. The dependences of the damage energy threshold and the damage power threshold causing the device failure on the pulse-width are obtained, and the formulas obtained have the same form as the experimental equations, which demonstrates that more power is required to destroy the device if the pulse-width is shorter. Furthermore, the simulation result in this paper has a good coincidence with the experimental result.
文摘The research on the damage effectiveness assessment of anti-ship missiles involves system science and weapon science, and has essential strategic research significance. With comprehensive analysis of the specific process of the damage assessment process of anti-missile against ships, a synthetic damage effectiveness assessment process is proposed based on the double hierarchy linguistic term set and the evidence theory. In order to improve the accuracy of the expert ’s assessment information, double hierarchy linguistic terms are used to describe the assessment opinions of experts. In order to avoid the loss of experts ’ original information caused by information fusion rules, the evidence theory is used to fuse the assessment information of various experts on each case. Good stability of the assessment process can be reflected through sensitivity analysis, and the fluctuation of a certain parameter does not have an excessive influence on the assessment results. The assessment process is accurate enough to be reflected through comparative analysis and it has a good advantage in damage effectiveness assessment.
基金Project supported by the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of China(Grant Nos.SKLIPR1903Z,1803)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U2167208 and 11875223).
文摘Displacement damage effects on the charge-coupled device(CCD)induced by neutrons at the back-streaming white neutron source(Back-n)in the China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS)are analyzed according to an online irradiation experiment.The hot pixels,random telegraph signal(RTS),mean dark signal,dark current and dark signal non-uniformity(DSNU)induced by Back-n are presented.The dark current is calculated according to the mean dark signal at various integration times.The single-particle displacement damage and transient response are also observed based on the online measurement data.The trends of hot pixels,mean dark signal,DSNU and RTS degradation are related to the integration time and irradiation fluence.The mean dark signal,dark current and DSNU2 are nearly linear with neutron irradiation fluence when nearly all the pixels do not reach saturation.In addition,the mechanisms of the displacement damage effects on the CCD are demonstrated by combining the experimental results and technology computer-aided design(TCAD)simulation.Radiation-induced traps in the space charge region of the CCD will act as generation/recombination centers of electron-hole pairs,leading to an increase in the dark signal.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2014CB339900)the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Science and Technology,China Academy of Engineering Physics(CAEP)(Grant No.2015-0214.XY.K)
文摘The damage effect and mechanism of the electromagnetic pulse （EMP） on the GaAs pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor （PHEMT） are investigated in this paper. By using the device simulation software, the distributions and variations of the electric field, the current density and the temperature are analyzed. The simulation results show that there are three physical effects, i.e., the forward-biased effect of the gate Schottky junction, the avalanche breakdown, and the thermal breakdown of the barrier layer, which influence the device current in the damage process. It is found that the damage position of the device changes with the amplitude of the step voltage pulse. The damage appears under the gate near the drain when the amplitude of the pulse is low, and it also occurs under the gate near the source when the amplitude is sufficiently high, which is consistent with the experimental results.
文摘This paper analyzes the electronic equipment＇s effect factors such as structure characteristics and environment.The radar equipment is taken as an experimental subject.The damage laws of electro-products in vibration environment are analyzed.The experiment shows that the damage of electro-products in vibration environment has relations with both the type and amplitude of vibration and their structure.
文摘This paper established the axle load distribution model of overload axes by practical axle-meter investigations. To study the effects of overload axes on pavement distress, deflection and deflection basin tests with axle load from 60kN to 190kN were conducted on different pavement structures. The relationship between axle load and its deflection as well as its deflection basin curvature was obtained by statistical analyses. A methodology for deriving the equivalent conversion factors of overload axes to equivalent standard axle loads (ESAL) of 100kN is developed, obtaining the relationship between the equivalent conversion factors and the axle loads. Comparing the calculated defiections with the measured deflections, that elastic layered system theory is suitable for analyzing overload vehicles was verified. Consequently, the stresses and strains caused by overload axes were calculated by elastic layered system theory. The results showed that overload axes led to greater stresses and strains causing premature pavement fatigue distress. To guarantee the expected performance in overload axes pavement, the structure thickness needed increasing was obtained. The results are of referential values in the control of semi-rigid pavement overloadings.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42077244).
文摘Excavation-induced disturbances in deep tunnels will lead to deterioration of rock properties and formation of excavation damaged zone(EDZ).This excavation damage effect may affect the potential rockburst pit depth.Taking two diversion tunnels of Jinping II hydropower station for example,the relationship between rockburst pit depth and excavation damage effect is first surveyed.The results indicate that the rockburst pit depth in tunnels with severe damage to rock masses is relatively large.Subsequently,the excavation-induced damage effect is characterized by disturbance factor D based on the Hoek-Brown criterion and wave velocity method.It is found that the EDZ could be further divided into a high-damage zone(HDZ)with D=1 and weak-damage zone(WDZ),and D decays from one to zero linearly.For this,a quantitative evaluation method for potential rockburst pit depth is established by presenting a three-element rockburst criterion considering rock strength,geostress and disturbance factor.The evaluation results obtained by this method match well with actual observations.In addition,the weakening of rock mass strength promotes the formation and expansion of potential rockburst pits.The potential rockburst pit depth is positively correlated with HDZ and WDZ depths,and the HDZ depth has a significant contribution to the potential rockburst pit depth.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12120101005,U2030104,12175174,11975174,and 12105229)State Key Laboratory Foundation of Laser Interaction with Matter (Grant Nos.SKLLIM1807 and SKLLIM2106)+1 种基金the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF (Grant No.GZC20241372)National Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect (Grant No.NKLIPR2419)。
文摘Irradiation experiments on p-Ga N gate high-electron-mobility transistors(HEMTs) were conducted using neutrons at Back-streaming White Neutron(Back-n) facility at the China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS).Two groups of devices were float-biased,while one group was ON-biased.Post-irradiation analysis revealed that the electrical performance of the devices exhibited progressive degradation with increasing Back-n fluence,with the ON-biased group demonstrating the most pronounced deterioration.This degradation was primarily characterized by a negative shift in the threshold voltage,a significant increase in reverse gate leakage current,and a slight reduction in forward gate leakage.Further analysis of the gate leakage current and capacitance-voltage characteristics indicated an elevated concentration of two-dimensional electron gas(2DEG),attributed to donor-type defects introduced within the barrier layer by Back-n irradiation.These defects act as hole traps,converting into fixed positive charges that deepen the quantum-well conduction band,thereby enhancing the 2DEG density.Additionally,through the trap-assisted tunneling mechanism,these defects serve as tunneling centers,increasing the probability of electron tunneling and consequently elevating the reverse gate leakage current.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12172052)the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection(Grant No.QKKT24-02).
文摘The penetration-deflagration coupling damage performance of rod-like reactive shaped charge pene-trator(RRSCP)impacting thick steel plates is investigated by theoretical analysis and experiments.A penetration-deflagration coupling damage model is developed to predict the penetration depth and cratering diameter.Four type of aluminum-polytetrafluoroethylene-copper(Al-PTFE-Cu)reactive liners with densities of 2.3,2.7,3.5,and 4.5 g·cm^(-3) are selected to conduct the penetration experiments.The comparison results show that model predictions are in good agreement with the experimental data.By comparing the penetration depth and cratering diameter in the inert penetration mode and the penetration-deflagration coupling mode,the influence mechanism that the penetration-induced chemical response is unfavorable to penetration but has an enhanced cratering effect is revealed.From the formation characteristics,penetration effect and penetration-induced chemical reaction be-haviors,the influence of reactive liner density on the penetration-deflagration performance is further analyzed.The results show that increasing the density of reactive liner significantly increases both the kinetic energy and length of the reactive penetrator,meanwhile effectively reduces the weakened effect of penetration-induced chemical response,resulting in an enhanced penetration capability.However,due to the decreased diameter and potential energy content of reactive penetrator,the cratering capa-bility is weakened significantly.
基金ProjectsupportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina (No .1 0 2 72 0 2 4)
文摘The nonlinear dynamic behaviors of viscoelastic rectangular plates including the damage effects under the action of a transverse periodic load were studied. Using the von Karman equations, Boltzmann superposition principle and continuum damage mechanics, the nonlinear dynamic equations in terms of the mid_plane displacements for the viscoelastic thin plates with damage effect were derived. By adopting the finite difference method and Newmark method, these equations were solved. The results were compared with the available data. In the numerical calculations, the effects of the external loading parameters and geometric dimensions of the plate on the nonlinear dynamic responses of the plate were discussed. Research results show that the nonlinear dynamic response of the structure will change remarkably when the damage effect is considered.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(61974116)。
文摘The electrostatic discharge(ESD)protection circuit widely exists in the input and output ports of CMOS digital circuits,and fast rising time electromagnetic pulse(FREMP)coupled into the device not only interacts with the CMOS circuit,but also acts on the protection circuit.This paper establishes a model of on-chip CMOS electrostatic discharge protection circuit and selects square pulse as the FREMP signals.Based on multiple physical parameter models,it depicts the distribution of the lattice temperature,current density,and electric field intensity inside the device.At the same time,this paper explores the changes of the internal devices in the circuit under the injection of fast rising time electromagnetic pulse and describes the relationship between the damage amplitude threshold and the pulse width.The results show that the ESD protection circuit has potential damage risk,and the injection of FREMP leads to irreversible heat loss inside the circuit.In addition,pulse signals with different attributes will change the damage threshold of the circuit.These results provide an important reference for further evaluation of the influence of electromagnetic environment on the chip,which is helpful to carry out the reliability enhancement research of ESD protection circuit.
基金Projects(51774138,51804122,51904105)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(E2021209148,E2021209052)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China。
文摘By utilizing wave velocity imaging technology,the uniaxial multi-stage loading test was conducted on siltstone to attain wave velocity imagings during rock fracture.Based on the time series parameters of acoustic emissions(AE),joint response characteristics of the velocity field and AE during rock fracture were analyzed.Moreover,the localization effect of damage during rock fracture was explored by applying wave velocity imagings.The experimental result showed that the wave velocity imagings enable three-dimensional(3-D)visualization of the extent and spatial position of damage to the rock.A damaged zone has a low wave velocity and a zone where the low wave velocity is concentrated tends to correspond to a severely damaged zone.AE parameters and wave velocity imagings depict the changes in activity of cracks during rock fracture from temporal and spatial perspectives,respectively:the activity of cracks is strengthened,and the rate of AE events increases during rock fracture;correspondingly,the low-velocity zones are gradually aggregated and their area gradually increases.From the wave velocity imagings,the damaged zones in rock were divided into an initially damaged zone,a progressively damaged zone,and a fractured zone.During rock fracture,the progressively damaged zone and the fractured zone both develop around the initially damaged zone,showing a typical localization effect of the damage.By capturing the spatial development trends of the progressively damaged zone and fractured zone in wave velocity imagings,the development of microfractures can be predicted,exerting practical significance for determining the position of the main fracture.
文摘The present study was performed to determine the influence of lipid peroxidation and perturbance of Ca2+ homeostasis on liver damage induced by 2-chloro-1, 3-butadiene (CBD) and the protective effects of vitamin E in Wistar rats. Animals were given intraperitoneally different doses (8,40 or 200 mg·kg-1 daily) of CBD for 21 days, and the following dose-dependent events were observed: liver damage, significant increase in liver lipid peroxides, and decreases in activities of erythrocytic glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The pretreatment of rats with vitamin E (po 150 mg·kg-1) before administering CBD (iP 60 mg·kg-1 ) daily for 21 days prevented the following CBD-induced changes, the increase in serum cholylglycine (CG), hepatic LP, hepatic mitochondrion LP, hepatic oxidized glutathione (GSSG) (while the significant increase of reduced glutathione (GSH) was not affected) and the decrease in activities of erythrocytic SOD and hepatic mitochondrial calcium sequestration. These results suggest that lipid peroxidation and perturbance of Ca2+ homeostasis appear to contribute to the hepatotoxicity of CBD, and vitamin E might prevent the liver damage induced by CBD. The decrease in activities of GSH-Px and SOD in erythrocytes might be used as biomarkers for adverse effects of CBD on defense system against lipid peroxidation.
