The p27Kip1 is a cell cycle repressor protein that regulates primarily the cell cycle transition from G1 to S phase and hence the DNA replication is in the S phase and cell division in the M phase. Expression of p27Ki...The p27Kip1 is a cell cycle repressor protein that regulates primarily the cell cycle transition from G1 to S phase and hence the DNA replication is in the S phase and cell division in the M phase. Expression of p27Kip1 protein has dual roles for both cancer prevention and promotion. For example, numerous nutritional and chemopreventive anti-cancer agents specifically increase the expression of p27Kip1 protein without directly affecting the expression of any other cell cycle regulatory proteins. On the other hand, pro-cancer agents (like glucose, insulin and other growth factors frequently seen in obesity and/or diabetes) specifically decrease the expression of p27Kip1 protein without directly affecting the expression of any other cell cycle regulatory proteins. Unlike expression of any other cell cycle regulatory proteins, expression of p27Kip1 protein is very unusual. The mRNA of p27Kip1 has a very long and unusual 5’-untranslated region (from -575 to -1 in human). It appears that the 5’-untranslated region of p27Kip1 mRNA forms two alternative secondary structures. One increases the expression of p27Kip1 protein when anti-cancer agents are added and another decrease the expression of p27K1p1 when pro-cancer agents are added. For this short concept proposal, Dr. Albert Einstein’s “visualized thought experiments (German: Gedanken experiment)” were used as a fundamental tool for understanding how either anti- or pro-cancer agents bring the primary structure of the 5’-untranslated region of p27Kip1 mRNA into two alternative secondary structures, thereby either increasing or decreasing, respectively, the translation initiation of p27Kip1 protein.展开更多
Several significant events of a geological nature occurred approximately 800 ka before the present: (1) Australasian tektite fall (AA), (2) Brunhes-Matuyama geomagnetic reversal (BMR), (3) mid-Pleistocene changes in i...Several significant events of a geological nature occurred approximately 800 ka before the present: (1) Australasian tektite fall (AA), (2) Brunhes-Matuyama geomagnetic reversal (BMR), (3) mid-Pleistocene changes in ice age cycles. Add to these the undated fault system (4) in the South-West (SW) of the South China Sea (SCS). Here we offer a unified cause for all four of these in (5), an impact in the SCS of a large, massive cosmic object, likely a comet, obliquely coming from the SW at an extremely shallow angle, striking the Sunda shelf yet unexploded with the shock of its compressed air bow wave, and causing the continual shelf and slope to collapse, resulting in the fault system (4), then traveling almost tangentially to the surface, exploding at impact with the sea surface, ejecting the tektites (1), creating the formation underlying the later atolls of Spratlies Archipelago (6), Nansha Islands in Chinese, & causing the BMR (2). An explanation of event (3) was Richard Muller’s hypothesis of planet Earth passing through an interplanetary dust cloud periodically due to ecliptic precession. Here we hypothesize this cloud actually is a belt of Australasian tektites ejected into space at super-orbital velocities that Earth encounters about every 100 ka.展开更多
This study presents the effect of excavator model, loading operation location, shift availability and truck-shovel combination on loading cycle time and productivity of an open-pit mine. The loading cycle time was use...This study presents the effect of excavator model, loading operation location, shift availability and truck-shovel combination on loading cycle time and productivity of an open-pit mine. The loading cycle time was used to assess the material loading system performance which is one of the key components of the total cycle time for material transportation in an open-pit mine. Loading is among the components of cycle time during which material is being handled. The data analyzed?was?collected from a computerized dispatch system at GGM from which 62,000 loading dispatches per month involving several shifts, 14 excavators and 49 trucks were loaded. About 4465 dispatches per excavator and 1276 dispatches per truck were assessed using loading cycle time data for each dispatch for a period of four months (between August and December). Under fixed tonnage loaded and waste type (33 t of non-acid forming waste rock),?it was observed that loading cycle time depends on excavator model, location and truck being loaded. Average cycle times, PDFS?and CDFS of loading cycle time series were used to identify differences in performance under different situations. It was concluded that shift availability for excavators, loading location, excavator model and truck-shovel combinations strongly affect the productivity during loading process in an open-pit mine.展开更多
In this paper, the performance of a waste rock transportation process in an open pit mine was assessed by using cycle time data. A computerized truck-excavator dispatch system was used to record the cycle times. The p...In this paper, the performance of a waste rock transportation process in an open pit mine was assessed by using cycle time data. A computerized truck-excavator dispatch system was used to record the cycle times. The process was broken into seven steps (or components of the total cycle), durations of which were recorded for a period of 1 month, leading to N = 60,690 data points or dispatches. The open pit mine studied consisted of 12 waste types loaded by 14 excavators and hauled by 49 trucks (at a trucks-to-excavator ratio of 3.5:1) in 75 changing locations. The string-type data was coded using integers to allow a FORTRAN code to extract process performance parameters using statistical analysis. The study established a wide range of parameters including: the waste material generation rate (about 1.73 million t/month, 81% comprising waste rock), truck fill factor, f, total cycle time (Tct), production capacity, theoretical cycle time, non-productive cycle time Tnp, and cycle time performance ratio (CTPR), denoted as Tpr. The factors affecting the process performance include: truck model, excavator model, location (haul distance and road conditions) and material type. For a fixed material type and tonnage, the PDFs of the cycle time components were logarithmic in nature, capable of differentiating performance variations under different factors. It was concluded that the performance of the waste material transportation system in this mine was determined to be acceptable due to mean value of Tpr = 2.432 being closer to unity. Reduction measures were suggested to minimize the cycle time for the process bottlenecks determined from Pareto analysis (that is, full haul, empty haul and loading processes).展开更多
Modern metropolises are increasingly affected by air quality problems. Transportation is one of the largest sources of several pollutants emissions, such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO). Today in the...Modern metropolises are increasingly affected by air quality problems. Transportation is one of the largest sources of several pollutants emissions, such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO). Today in the EU, vehicles' emissions are strictly limited by Euro 6 norm-Euro VI for heavy-duty vehicles-which is periodically upgraded. To match such limits, manufacturers are forced in developing new technologies to perform new sustainable vehicles design strategies, such as EVs and HEVs. Present work's aim is to provide the design of series-hybrid urban transportation bus, equipped with a novel thermal power unit, namely a small gas turbine, to exploit its cleaner combustion process in comparison with an ICE. The control logic is described, while the main drivetrain components are chosen, and suitable models from suppliers are selected as well. Then, some simulations of the resulting vehicle are performed on opportune drive cycles, using Advisor, a free software based on Matlab-Simulink environment, published by US' National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Two different final configurations are environmentally and economically analysed, with the thermal power unit being respectively fuelled by compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Both satisfy the Euro VI norms, showing a substantial emission reduction (-89% and -43% in CO and THC releases respectively) in comparison to pollutants' threshold values.展开更多
Enhancing the efficiency of Rankine cycles is crucial for improving the performance of thermal power plants,as it directly impacts operational costs and emissions in light of energy transition goals.This study sets it...Enhancing the efficiency of Rankine cycles is crucial for improving the performance of thermal power plants,as it directly impacts operational costs and emissions in light of energy transition goals.This study sets itself apart from existing research by applying a novel optimization technique to a basic ideal Rankine cycle,focusing on a specific power plant that has not been previously analyzed.Currently,this cycle operates at 41%efficiency and a steam quality of 76%,constrained by fixed operational parameters.The primary objectives are to increase thermal efficiency beyond 46%and raise steam quality above 85%,while adhering to operational limits:a boiler pressure not exceeding 15 MPa,condenser pressure not dropping below 10 kPa,and turbine temperature not surpassing 500℃.This study utilizes numerical simulations to model the effects of varying boiler pressure(Pb)and condenser pressure(Pc)within the ranges of 12MPa<Pb<15 MPa and 5 kPa<Pc<10 kPa.By systematically adjusting these parameters,the proposed aimto identify optimal conditions that maximize efficiency and performance within specified constraints.The findings will provide valuable insights for power plant operators seeking to optimize performance under real-world conditions,contributing to more efficient and sustainable power generation.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter presents a latent-factorization-of-tensors(LFT)-incorporated battery cycle life prediction framework.Data-driven prognosis and health management(PHM)for battery pack(BP)can boost the safety and...Dear Editor,This letter presents a latent-factorization-of-tensors(LFT)-incorporated battery cycle life prediction framework.Data-driven prognosis and health management(PHM)for battery pack(BP)can boost the safety and sustainability of a battery management system(BMS),which relies heavily on the quality of the measured BP data like the voltage(V),current(I),and temperature(T).展开更多
With a three-dimensional semiclassical ensemble method, we theoretically investigated the nonsequential double ionization of Ar driven by the spatially inhomogeneous few-cycle negatively chirped laser pulses. Our resu...With a three-dimensional semiclassical ensemble method, we theoretically investigated the nonsequential double ionization of Ar driven by the spatially inhomogeneous few-cycle negatively chirped laser pulses. Our results show that the recollision time window can be precisely controlled within an isolated time interval of several hundred attoseconds, which is useful for understanding the subcycle correlated electron dynamics. More interestingly, the correlated electron momentum distribution (CEMD) exhibits a strong dependence on laser intensity. That is, at lower laser intensity, CEMD is located in the first quadrant. As the laser intensity increases,CEMD shifts almost completely to the second and fourth quadrants, and then gradually to the third quadrant.The underlying physics governing the CEMD's dependence on laser intensity is explained.展开更多
A cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment is done to identify the environmental impacts of chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated timber used for highway guard rail posts, to understand the processes that contribute to...A cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment is done to identify the environmental impacts of chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated timber used for highway guard rail posts, to understand the processes that contribute to the total impacts, and to determine how the impacts compare to the primary alternative product, galvanized steel posts. Guard rail posts are the supporting structures for highway guard rails. Transportation engineers, as well as public and regulatory interests, have increasing need to understand the environmental implications of guard rail post selection, in addition to factors such as costs and service performance. This study uses a life cycle inventory (LCI) to catalogue the input and output data from guard rail post manufacture, service life, and disposition, and a life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) to assess anthropogenic and net greenhouse gas (GHG), acidification, smog, ecotoxicity, and eutrophication potentially resulting from life cycle air emissions. Other indicators of interest also are tracked, such as fossil fuel and water use. Comparisons of guard rail post products are made at a functional unit of one post per year of service. This life cycle assessment (LCA) finds that the manufacture, use, and disposition of CCA-treated wood guard rails offers lower fossil fuel use and lower anthropogenic and net GHG emissions, acidification, smog potential, and ecotoxicity environmental impacts than impact indicator values for galvanized steel posts. Water use and eutrophication impact indicator values for CCA-treated guard rail posts are greater than impact indicator values for galvanized steel guard rail posts.展开更多
AIM: To determine the effect of cis -9, trans -11-conjugated linoleic acid (c9, t11-CLA) on the cell cycle of gastric cancer cells (SGC-7901) and its possible mechanism in inhibition cancer growth. METHODS: Using cell...AIM: To determine the effect of cis -9, trans -11-conjugated linoleic acid (c9, t11-CLA) on the cell cycle of gastric cancer cells (SGC-7901) and its possible mechanism in inhibition cancer growth. METHODS: Using cell culture and immunocytochemical techniques, we examined the cell growth, DNA synthesis, expression of PCNA, cyclin A, B(1), D(1), p16(ink4a) and p21(cip/waf1) of SGC-7901 cells which were treated with various c9, t11-CLA concentrations (25, 50, 100 and 200 micromol.L(-1))of c 9, t 11-CLA for 24 and 48h, with a negative control (0.1% ethane). RESULTS: The cell growth and DNA synthesis of SGC-7901 cells were inhibited by c9, t11-CLA.SGC-7901 cells. Eight day after treatment with various concentrations of c9, t11-CLA mentioned above, the inhibition rates were 5.92%, 20.15%, 75.61% and 82.44%, respectively and inhibitory effect of c9, t11-CLA on DNA synthesis (except for 25 micromol.L, 24h) showed significantly less (3)H-TdR incorporation than that in the negative controls (P【0.05 and P【0.01). Immunocytochemical staining demonstrated that SGC-7901 cells preincubated in media supplemented with different c9, t11-CLA concentrations at various times significantly decreased the expressions of PCNA (the expression rates were 7.2-3.0%, 24h and 9.1-0.9% at 48h, respectively), Cyclin A (11.0-2.3%, 24h and 8.5-0.5%,48h), B(1) (4.8-1.8% at 24h and 5.5-0.6% at 48h)and D(1) (3.6-1.4% at 24h and 3.7%-0 at 48h) as compared with those in the negative controls(the expressions of PCNA, Cyclin A, B(1) and D(1) were 6.5% at 24h and 9.0% at 48h, 4.2% at 24h and 5.1% at 48h, 9.5% at 24h and 6.0% at 48h,respectively)(P【0.01), whereas the expressions of P16(ink4a) and P21(cip/waf1), cyclin-dependent kinases inhibitors(CDKI), were increased. CONCLUSION: The cell growth and proliferation of SGC-7901 cell is inhibited by c9, t11-CLA via blocking the cell cycle, with reduced expressions of cyclin A,B(1) and D(1) and enhanced expressions of CDKI(P16(ink4a) and p21(cip/waf1)).展开更多
1 Introduction According to the World Health Organization,heart disease has been the leading cause of death worldwide for the past 20 years.Electrocardiography(ECG or EKG)records the electrophysiological activity of t...1 Introduction According to the World Health Organization,heart disease has been the leading cause of death worldwide for the past 20 years.Electrocardiography(ECG or EKG)records the electrophysiological activity of the heart in time,allowing accurate diagnoses by clinicians[1].Despite the relative simplicity of ECG acquisition,its interpretation requires extensive training.Manual examination and re-examination of ECG paper records can be time-consuming,potentially delaying diagnosis.Machine learning,which uses algorithms to identify patterns within data and make predictive analyses,has played a significant role in interpreting ECGs[2].展开更多
The rapid advancements of ultrafast intense laser technology have opened new avenues for investigating entanglement in laser-induced systems. However, the application of these advances in quantum technology requires a...The rapid advancements of ultrafast intense laser technology have opened new avenues for investigating entanglement in laser-induced systems. However, the application of these advances in quantum technology requires a reliable and universally applicable method for enhancing and regulating entanglement. Here we demonstrate how a few-cycle intense laser field can significantly enhance the degree of entanglement compared to its multi-cycle counterpart, using the example of electron–electron entanglement of orbital angular momentum(OAM) states in recollision-excitation non-sequential double ionization of Ar atoms. By confining the ionization dynamics to a specific narrow time window, the few-cycle pulse purifies the electron trajectories, thereby ensuring high coherence between entangled OAM channels and enhancing entanglement. Furthermore, the degree of entanglement can be efficiently modulated by varying the carrier envelope phase of the few-cycle laser pulse, which is achieved by altering the population across OAM channels. Optimizing coherence through electron trajectory purification with a designed specific temporal waveform of laser field provides a general pathway for enhancing entanglement in laser-induced systems.展开更多
Megakaryocytes and hepatocytes are unique cells in mammals that undergo polyploidization through endomitosis in terminal differentiation.Many polyploidization regulators and underlying mechanisms have been reported,mo...Megakaryocytes and hepatocytes are unique cells in mammals that undergo polyploidization through endomitosis in terminal differentiation.Many polyploidization regulators and underlying mechanisms have been reported,most of which are tightly coupled with development,organogenesis,and cell differentiation.However,the nature of endomitosis,which involves successful entry into and exit from mitosis without complete cytokinesis,has not yet been fully elucidated.We highlight that endomitosis is a new cell fate in the cell cycle,and tetraploidy is a critical stage at the bifurcation of cell fate decision.This review summarizes the recent research progress in this area and provides novel insights into how cells manipulate mitosis toward endomitosis.Endomitotic cells can evade the tetraploidy restrictions and proceed to multiple rounds of the cell cycle.This knowledge not only deepens our understanding of endomitosis as a fundamental biological process but also offers new perspectives on the physiological and pathophysiological implications of polyploidization.展开更多
Objectives:Weaning induces oxidative stress in pigs,increasing the risk of diarrhea and death.Intestinal damage is associated with obstructed intestinal cell cycles.To stop damage caused by reactive oxygen species(ROS...Objectives:Weaning induces oxidative stress in pigs,increasing the risk of diarrhea and death.Intestinal damage is associated with obstructed intestinal cell cycles.To stop damage caused by reactive oxygen species(ROS),N-acetyl cysteine(NAC)has been widely employed.In this study,we examined changes in the intestinal cyclin of weaning piglets and assessed the impact of NAC on intestinal cell cycle arrest and intracellular signaling pathways.Methods:We conducted two animal experiments.In the first,we divided 12 litters of 120 newborn piglets into two groups:a control group and a weaning group.The control piglets were allowed to suckle normally.The weaning group was weaned after 3 weeks and fed a normal diet for piglets.We slaughtered six piglets from the control group and six from the weaning group.We observed cyclin changes and intestinal development at days 0,1,4,and 7 after weaning.In the second experiment,we divided 15 litters of 150 piglets that were 2 weeks old into three groups:the control group,the weaning group,and the NAC group.Control piglets were allowed to suckle normally.Piglets in the weaning and NAC groups were weaned when they were 21 days old.The NAC group was fed a basal diet supplemented with 500 mg/kg NAC,and the weaning group was fed the basal diet alone.The experimental period was 14–25 days of age.Four days after weaning,we slaughtered one piglet from each litter.We then analyzed intestinal cell cycle indexes,intestinal oxidative stress,c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK),extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK),and p38 phosphorylation.Results:Weaning decreased the piglets’feed intake and daily gain,reduced the serum antioxidant capacity,and increased the intestinal ROS level.Furthermore,the jejunum histology and barrier development of the jejunum exhibited damage after weaning,the microvilli displayed hypoplasia,and the p21 and p27 protein expression levels of the jejunum were significantly elevated.We did not observe any significant differences in cyclin D and E after days 1,4,and 7 post-weaning compared with the control group.We observed,however,significantly increased cyclin D and E expression,lower ERK,JNK,and p38 kinase phosphorylation;villus atrophy alleviation;decreased p21 and p27 expression;and increased average daily intake of feed and weight gain.Conclusion:This research demonstrates that weaning stress inhibits piglet intestinal proliferation by reducing cyclin D and cyclin E expression.NAC downregulates p21 and p27 through modulating mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKase)phosphorylation,thereby promoting cell proliferation.The results indicate that NAC promotes intestinal function and the integrity of enterocytes and holds promise as a new feed additive for animal health.展开更多
With an analysis of zonal wind observations over 40 years, Salby and Callaghan [1] showed that the Quasi-biennial Oscillation (QBO) at 20 km is modulated by 11-year solar cycle (SC) variations from about 12 to 20 m/s ...With an analysis of zonal wind observations over 40 years, Salby and Callaghan [1] showed that the Quasi-biennial Oscillation (QBO) at 20 km is modulated by 11-year solar cycle (SC) variations from about 12 to 20 m/s (Figure 2). The observations are reproduced qualitatively in a study with the 3D Numerical Spectral Model, which shows that the SC effect of the stratospheric QBO is produced by dynamical downward coupling originating in the mesosphere. In this modeling study, the SC period is taken to be 10 years, and a realistic heat source is applied varying exponentially with altitude: 0.2%, surface;2%, 50 km;20%, 100 km and above. The numerical results show that the variable solar radiation in the mesosphere around 65 km generates a hemispheric symmetric Equatorial Annual Oscillation (EAO), which is modulated by relatively large SC variations. Under the influence of wave mean flow interactions, the EAO propagates into the lower atmosphere and is the dynamical source or pacemaker for the large SC modulation of the QBO. The numerical results show that the upward propagating small-scale gravity waves from the troposphere amplify the SC modulations of the QBO and EAO in the stratosphere, part of the SC mechanism. The zonal winds of the equatorial QBO and EAO produce through the meridional circulation measurable SC variations in the temperature of the stratosphere and troposphere at high latitudes. Analysis of NCEP temperature and zonal wind data (1958 to 2006) provides observational evidence of the EAO with SC variations around 11 years.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)ranks among the most prevalent and deadly malignancies,characterized by a high recurrence rate.Regulator of chromosome condensation 1(RCC1)serves as a principal guanine nucleoti...BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)ranks among the most prevalent and deadly malignancies,characterized by a high recurrence rate.Regulator of chromosome condensation 1(RCC1)serves as a principal guanine nucleotide exchange factor for ras-related nuclear protein guanosine triphosphatase(GTPase)and is implicated in various cancers.However,the role of RCC1 in HCC remains unex-plored.AIM To elucidate the functional significance and molecular mechanisms of RCC1 in HCC.METHODS Bioinformatics were to examine the expression levels of RCC1 in HCC and to assess its impact on the prognosis of this malignancy.The cell counting kit-8 assay and flow cytometry were utilized to evaluate the cell viability and cell cycle of HCC cells.Furthermore,quantitative reverse transcription and immunoblotting were to investigate the influence of RCC1 on cyclin associated proteins.RESULTS Bioinformatics analysis revealed that RCC1 was highly expressed in HCC and correlated with poor prognosis in HCC patients.Functional studies showed that RCC1 overexpression promoted the malignant phenotype of HCC cells,especially the proliferation of HCC cells,whereas RCC1 knockdown had the opposite effect.Mechanistically,we identied cell division cycle-associated(CDCA)8 as a downstream target of RCC1 in HCC.RCC1 overexpression markedly increased CDCA8 levels,consequently enhancing cell proliferation and survival in HCC cells.Additionally,we discovered that RCC1 contributed to the development and progression of HCC by activating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1a pathway through CDCA8.CONCLUSION Our study provides profound insights into the pivotal role of RCC1 in HCC and its potential as a therapeutic target.展开更多
The chemistry of sulfur cycle contributes significantly to the atmospheric nucleation process,which is the first step of new particle formation(NPF).In the present study,cycloaddition reaction mechanism of sulfur trio...The chemistry of sulfur cycle contributes significantly to the atmospheric nucleation process,which is the first step of new particle formation(NPF).In the present study,cycloaddition reaction mechanism of sulfur trioxide(SO_(3))to hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S)which is a typical air pollutant and toxic gas detrimental to the environment were comprehensively investigate through theoretical calculations and Atmospheric Cluster Dynamic Code simulations.Gas-phase stability and nucleation potential of the product thiosulfuric acid(H_(2)S_(2)O_(3),TSA)were further analyzed to evaluate its atmospheric impact.Without any catalysts,the H_(2)S+SO_(3)reaction is infeasible with a barrier of 24.2 kcal/mol.Atmospheric nucleation precursors formic acid(FA),sulfuric acid(SA),and water(H_(2)O)could effectively lower the reaction barriers as catalysts,even to a barrierless reaction with the efficiency of cis-SA>trans-FA>trans-SA>H_(2)O.Subsequently,the gas-phase stability of TSA was investigated.A hydrolysis reaction barrier of up to 61.4 kcal/mol alone with an endothermic isomerization reaction barrier of 5.1 kcal/mol under the catalytic effect of SA demonstrates the sufficient stability of TSA.Furthermore,topological and kinetic analysis were conducted to determine the nucleation potential of TSA.Atmospheric clusters formed by TSA and atmospheric nucleation precursors(SA,ammonia NH_(3),and dimethylamine DMA)were thermodynamically stable.Moreover,the gradually decreasing evaporation coefficients for TSA-base clusters,particularly for TSA-DMA,suggests that TSA may participate in NPF where the concentration of base molecules are relatively higher.The present new reaction mechanismmay contributes to a better understanding of atmospheric sulfur cycle and NPF.展开更多
Microorganisms actively participate in biogeochemical cycling processes and play a crucial role in maintaining the dynamic balance of hot spring ecosystems.However,the distribution of microbial functional genes and th...Microorganisms actively participate in biogeochemical cycling processes and play a crucial role in maintaining the dynamic balance of hot spring ecosystems.However,the distribution of microbial functional genes and their influencing factors in hot springs remain largely unclear.Therefore,this study investigated the microbial functional genes and their potential for controlling biogeochemical cycles(C,N,S,and P) in the hot Springs of Tengchong,China,using the Geochip method,a functional gene microarray technology.The examined hot springs have very different microbial functional genes.A total of 22 736 gene probe signals were identified,belonging to 567 functional genes and associated with 15 ecological functions,mainly involving stress response,carbon cycle,nitrogen cycle,sulfur cycle,phosphorus cycle and energy processes.The amyA,narG,dsrA and ppx genes were most abundant in carbon,nitrogen,sulfur and phosphorus cycles,respectively,and were significantly correlated with pH,temperature and SO_(4)^(2-).The diversity and abundance of detected gene probes were negatively correlated with temperature.The α-diversity(i.e.,Shannon index) was high at low temperature and low pH.Molecular functional interactions revealed by the gene connectivity levels were negatively correlated with temperature,pH and SO_(4)^(2-).These results suggested that the abundance,diversity and interactions of microbial functional genes were significantly influenced by geochemical parameters.-In addition,some genera possessed functional genes related to carbon,nitrogen,sulfur,and phosphorus cycles and can synergistically control the biogeochemical cycles of carbon,nitrogen,sulfur and phosphorus.These findings provide new insights into the functional potentials of microorganisms to participate in biogeochemical cycles and their responses to environmental factors in hot springs.展开更多
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome(SFTS)is a novel emerging acute infectious disease caused by severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus(SFTSV),characterized by high fever and thrombocytopenia.It has ...Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome(SFTS)is a novel emerging acute infectious disease caused by severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus(SFTSV),characterized by high fever and thrombocytopenia.It has been proved that traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has displayed definite therapeutic effects on viral hemorrhagic fever,indicating its potential to treat SFTS.In this study,SFTS-relative key targets were predicted via gene ontology(GO)analysis and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)enrichment analysis.Molecular docking was then used to select stable binders.Molecules matched TCMs were identified,and a new prescription,Qingqi Guxue decoction(QQGX),was formulated to clear heat and nourish blood,with a resulting drug composition network.We explored the optimal drug proportion for QQGX.Through an in-depth study of molecular mechanisms,we found that QQGX induces S phase arrest by promoting the degradation of cyclin A2(CCNA2)and cyclin-dependent kinase 2(CDK2),thereby inhibiting SFTSV replication.Finally,we verified the effectiveness and safety of QQGX based on the mouse liver bile duct organoid model infected with SFTSV.In summary,our study prepared a TCM decoction using the method of network pharmacology.This decoction has a significant inhibitory effect on the replication of SFTSV and provides a new treatment strategy for hemorrhagic fever with TCM.展开更多
The roughness of the fracture surface directly affects the strength,deformation,and permeability of the surrounding rock in deep underground engineering.Understanding the effect of high temperature and thermal cycle o...The roughness of the fracture surface directly affects the strength,deformation,and permeability of the surrounding rock in deep underground engineering.Understanding the effect of high temperature and thermal cycle on the fracture surface roughness plays an important role in estimating the damage degree and stability of deep rock mass.In this paper,the variations of fracture surface roughness of granite after different heating and thermal cycles were investigated using the joint roughness coefficient method(JRC),three-dimensional(3D)roughness parameters,and fractal dimension(D),and the mechanism of damage and deterioration of granite were revealed.The experimental results show an increase in the roughness of the granite fracture surface as temperature and cycle number were incremented.The variations of JRC,height parameter,inclination parameter and area parameter with the temperature conformed to the Boltzmann's functional distribution,while the D decreased linearly as the temperature increased.Besides,the anisotropy index(Ip)of the granite fracture surface increased as the temperature increased,and the larger parameter values of roughness characterization at different temperatures were attained mainly in directions of 20°–40°,60°–100°and 140°–160°.The fracture aperture of granite after fracture followed the Gauss distribution and the average aperture increased with increasing temperature,which increased from 0.665 mm at 25℃to 1.058 mm at 800℃.High temperature caused an uneven thermal expansion,water evaporation,and oxidation of minerals within the granite,which promoted the growth and expansion of microfractures,and reduced interparticle bonding strength.In particular,the damage was exacerbated by the expansion and cracking of the quartz phase transition after T>500℃.Thermal cycles contributed to the accumulation of this damage and further weakened the interparticle bonding forces,resulting in a significant increase in the roughness,anisotropy,and aperture of the fracture surface after five cycles.展开更多
文摘The p27Kip1 is a cell cycle repressor protein that regulates primarily the cell cycle transition from G1 to S phase and hence the DNA replication is in the S phase and cell division in the M phase. Expression of p27Kip1 protein has dual roles for both cancer prevention and promotion. For example, numerous nutritional and chemopreventive anti-cancer agents specifically increase the expression of p27Kip1 protein without directly affecting the expression of any other cell cycle regulatory proteins. On the other hand, pro-cancer agents (like glucose, insulin and other growth factors frequently seen in obesity and/or diabetes) specifically decrease the expression of p27Kip1 protein without directly affecting the expression of any other cell cycle regulatory proteins. Unlike expression of any other cell cycle regulatory proteins, expression of p27Kip1 protein is very unusual. The mRNA of p27Kip1 has a very long and unusual 5’-untranslated region (from -575 to -1 in human). It appears that the 5’-untranslated region of p27Kip1 mRNA forms two alternative secondary structures. One increases the expression of p27Kip1 protein when anti-cancer agents are added and another decrease the expression of p27K1p1 when pro-cancer agents are added. For this short concept proposal, Dr. Albert Einstein’s “visualized thought experiments (German: Gedanken experiment)” were used as a fundamental tool for understanding how either anti- or pro-cancer agents bring the primary structure of the 5’-untranslated region of p27Kip1 mRNA into two alternative secondary structures, thereby either increasing or decreasing, respectively, the translation initiation of p27Kip1 protein.
文摘Several significant events of a geological nature occurred approximately 800 ka before the present: (1) Australasian tektite fall (AA), (2) Brunhes-Matuyama geomagnetic reversal (BMR), (3) mid-Pleistocene changes in ice age cycles. Add to these the undated fault system (4) in the South-West (SW) of the South China Sea (SCS). Here we offer a unified cause for all four of these in (5), an impact in the SCS of a large, massive cosmic object, likely a comet, obliquely coming from the SW at an extremely shallow angle, striking the Sunda shelf yet unexploded with the shock of its compressed air bow wave, and causing the continual shelf and slope to collapse, resulting in the fault system (4), then traveling almost tangentially to the surface, exploding at impact with the sea surface, ejecting the tektites (1), creating the formation underlying the later atolls of Spratlies Archipelago (6), Nansha Islands in Chinese, & causing the BMR (2). An explanation of event (3) was Richard Muller’s hypothesis of planet Earth passing through an interplanetary dust cloud periodically due to ecliptic precession. Here we hypothesize this cloud actually is a belt of Australasian tektites ejected into space at super-orbital velocities that Earth encounters about every 100 ka.
文摘This study presents the effect of excavator model, loading operation location, shift availability and truck-shovel combination on loading cycle time and productivity of an open-pit mine. The loading cycle time was used to assess the material loading system performance which is one of the key components of the total cycle time for material transportation in an open-pit mine. Loading is among the components of cycle time during which material is being handled. The data analyzed?was?collected from a computerized dispatch system at GGM from which 62,000 loading dispatches per month involving several shifts, 14 excavators and 49 trucks were loaded. About 4465 dispatches per excavator and 1276 dispatches per truck were assessed using loading cycle time data for each dispatch for a period of four months (between August and December). Under fixed tonnage loaded and waste type (33 t of non-acid forming waste rock),?it was observed that loading cycle time depends on excavator model, location and truck being loaded. Average cycle times, PDFS?and CDFS of loading cycle time series were used to identify differences in performance under different situations. It was concluded that shift availability for excavators, loading location, excavator model and truck-shovel combinations strongly affect the productivity during loading process in an open-pit mine.
文摘In this paper, the performance of a waste rock transportation process in an open pit mine was assessed by using cycle time data. A computerized truck-excavator dispatch system was used to record the cycle times. The process was broken into seven steps (or components of the total cycle), durations of which were recorded for a period of 1 month, leading to N = 60,690 data points or dispatches. The open pit mine studied consisted of 12 waste types loaded by 14 excavators and hauled by 49 trucks (at a trucks-to-excavator ratio of 3.5:1) in 75 changing locations. The string-type data was coded using integers to allow a FORTRAN code to extract process performance parameters using statistical analysis. The study established a wide range of parameters including: the waste material generation rate (about 1.73 million t/month, 81% comprising waste rock), truck fill factor, f, total cycle time (Tct), production capacity, theoretical cycle time, non-productive cycle time Tnp, and cycle time performance ratio (CTPR), denoted as Tpr. The factors affecting the process performance include: truck model, excavator model, location (haul distance and road conditions) and material type. For a fixed material type and tonnage, the PDFs of the cycle time components were logarithmic in nature, capable of differentiating performance variations under different factors. It was concluded that the performance of the waste material transportation system in this mine was determined to be acceptable due to mean value of Tpr = 2.432 being closer to unity. Reduction measures were suggested to minimize the cycle time for the process bottlenecks determined from Pareto analysis (that is, full haul, empty haul and loading processes).
文摘Modern metropolises are increasingly affected by air quality problems. Transportation is one of the largest sources of several pollutants emissions, such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO). Today in the EU, vehicles' emissions are strictly limited by Euro 6 norm-Euro VI for heavy-duty vehicles-which is periodically upgraded. To match such limits, manufacturers are forced in developing new technologies to perform new sustainable vehicles design strategies, such as EVs and HEVs. Present work's aim is to provide the design of series-hybrid urban transportation bus, equipped with a novel thermal power unit, namely a small gas turbine, to exploit its cleaner combustion process in comparison with an ICE. The control logic is described, while the main drivetrain components are chosen, and suitable models from suppliers are selected as well. Then, some simulations of the resulting vehicle are performed on opportune drive cycles, using Advisor, a free software based on Matlab-Simulink environment, published by US' National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Two different final configurations are environmentally and economically analysed, with the thermal power unit being respectively fuelled by compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Both satisfy the Euro VI norms, showing a substantial emission reduction (-89% and -43% in CO and THC releases respectively) in comparison to pollutants' threshold values.
文摘Enhancing the efficiency of Rankine cycles is crucial for improving the performance of thermal power plants,as it directly impacts operational costs and emissions in light of energy transition goals.This study sets itself apart from existing research by applying a novel optimization technique to a basic ideal Rankine cycle,focusing on a specific power plant that has not been previously analyzed.Currently,this cycle operates at 41%efficiency and a steam quality of 76%,constrained by fixed operational parameters.The primary objectives are to increase thermal efficiency beyond 46%and raise steam quality above 85%,while adhering to operational limits:a boiler pressure not exceeding 15 MPa,condenser pressure not dropping below 10 kPa,and turbine temperature not surpassing 500℃.This study utilizes numerical simulations to model the effects of varying boiler pressure(Pb)and condenser pressure(Pc)within the ranges of 12MPa<Pb<15 MPa and 5 kPa<Pc<10 kPa.By systematically adjusting these parameters,the proposed aimto identify optimal conditions that maximize efficiency and performance within specified constraints.The findings will provide valuable insights for power plant operators seeking to optimize performance under real-world conditions,contributing to more efficient and sustainable power generation.
文摘Dear Editor,This letter presents a latent-factorization-of-tensors(LFT)-incorporated battery cycle life prediction framework.Data-driven prognosis and health management(PHM)for battery pack(BP)can boost the safety and sustainability of a battery management system(BMS),which relies heavily on the quality of the measured BP data like the voltage(V),current(I),and temperature(T).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12074329)Nanhu Scholars Program for Young Scholars of Xinyang Normal University。
文摘With a three-dimensional semiclassical ensemble method, we theoretically investigated the nonsequential double ionization of Ar driven by the spatially inhomogeneous few-cycle negatively chirped laser pulses. Our results show that the recollision time window can be precisely controlled within an isolated time interval of several hundred attoseconds, which is useful for understanding the subcycle correlated electron dynamics. More interestingly, the correlated electron momentum distribution (CEMD) exhibits a strong dependence on laser intensity. That is, at lower laser intensity, CEMD is located in the first quadrant. As the laser intensity increases,CEMD shifts almost completely to the second and fourth quadrants, and then gradually to the third quadrant.The underlying physics governing the CEMD's dependence on laser intensity is explained.
文摘A cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment is done to identify the environmental impacts of chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated timber used for highway guard rail posts, to understand the processes that contribute to the total impacts, and to determine how the impacts compare to the primary alternative product, galvanized steel posts. Guard rail posts are the supporting structures for highway guard rails. Transportation engineers, as well as public and regulatory interests, have increasing need to understand the environmental implications of guard rail post selection, in addition to factors such as costs and service performance. This study uses a life cycle inventory (LCI) to catalogue the input and output data from guard rail post manufacture, service life, and disposition, and a life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) to assess anthropogenic and net greenhouse gas (GHG), acidification, smog, ecotoxicity, and eutrophication potentially resulting from life cycle air emissions. Other indicators of interest also are tracked, such as fossil fuel and water use. Comparisons of guard rail post products are made at a functional unit of one post per year of service. This life cycle assessment (LCA) finds that the manufacture, use, and disposition of CCA-treated wood guard rails offers lower fossil fuel use and lower anthropogenic and net GHG emissions, acidification, smog potential, and ecotoxicity environmental impacts than impact indicator values for galvanized steel posts. Water use and eutrophication impact indicator values for CCA-treated guard rail posts are greater than impact indicator values for galvanized steel guard rail posts.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.39870661
文摘AIM: To determine the effect of cis -9, trans -11-conjugated linoleic acid (c9, t11-CLA) on the cell cycle of gastric cancer cells (SGC-7901) and its possible mechanism in inhibition cancer growth. METHODS: Using cell culture and immunocytochemical techniques, we examined the cell growth, DNA synthesis, expression of PCNA, cyclin A, B(1), D(1), p16(ink4a) and p21(cip/waf1) of SGC-7901 cells which were treated with various c9, t11-CLA concentrations (25, 50, 100 and 200 micromol.L(-1))of c 9, t 11-CLA for 24 and 48h, with a negative control (0.1% ethane). RESULTS: The cell growth and DNA synthesis of SGC-7901 cells were inhibited by c9, t11-CLA.SGC-7901 cells. Eight day after treatment with various concentrations of c9, t11-CLA mentioned above, the inhibition rates were 5.92%, 20.15%, 75.61% and 82.44%, respectively and inhibitory effect of c9, t11-CLA on DNA synthesis (except for 25 micromol.L, 24h) showed significantly less (3)H-TdR incorporation than that in the negative controls (P【0.05 and P【0.01). Immunocytochemical staining demonstrated that SGC-7901 cells preincubated in media supplemented with different c9, t11-CLA concentrations at various times significantly decreased the expressions of PCNA (the expression rates were 7.2-3.0%, 24h and 9.1-0.9% at 48h, respectively), Cyclin A (11.0-2.3%, 24h and 8.5-0.5%,48h), B(1) (4.8-1.8% at 24h and 5.5-0.6% at 48h)and D(1) (3.6-1.4% at 24h and 3.7%-0 at 48h) as compared with those in the negative controls(the expressions of PCNA, Cyclin A, B(1) and D(1) were 6.5% at 24h and 9.0% at 48h, 4.2% at 24h and 5.1% at 48h, 9.5% at 24h and 6.0% at 48h,respectively)(P【0.01), whereas the expressions of P16(ink4a) and P21(cip/waf1), cyclin-dependent kinases inhibitors(CDKI), were increased. CONCLUSION: The cell growth and proliferation of SGC-7901 cell is inhibited by c9, t11-CLA via blocking the cell cycle, with reduced expressions of cyclin A,B(1) and D(1) and enhanced expressions of CDKI(P16(ink4a) and p21(cip/waf1)).
基金supported by the NSFC-FDCT Grant 62361166662the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFC3503400,2022YFC3400400)+4 种基金the Innovative Research Group Project of Hunan Province(2024JJ1002)the Key R&D Program of Hunan Province(2023GK2004,2023SK2059,2023SK2060)the Top 10 Technical Key Project in Hunan Province(2023GK1010)the Key Technologies R&D Program of Guangdong Province(2023B1111030004 to FFH)the Funds of the National Supercomputing Center in Changsha.
文摘1 Introduction According to the World Health Organization,heart disease has been the leading cause of death worldwide for the past 20 years.Electrocardiography(ECG or EKG)records the electrophysiological activity of the heart in time,allowing accurate diagnoses by clinicians[1].Despite the relative simplicity of ECG acquisition,its interpretation requires extensive training.Manual examination and re-examination of ECG paper records can be time-consuming,potentially delaying diagnosis.Machine learning,which uses algorithms to identify patterns within data and make predictive analyses,has played a significant role in interpreting ECGs[2].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12274273and 12450402)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology (Grant No.2021ZD0302101)。
文摘The rapid advancements of ultrafast intense laser technology have opened new avenues for investigating entanglement in laser-induced systems. However, the application of these advances in quantum technology requires a reliable and universally applicable method for enhancing and regulating entanglement. Here we demonstrate how a few-cycle intense laser field can significantly enhance the degree of entanglement compared to its multi-cycle counterpart, using the example of electron–electron entanglement of orbital angular momentum(OAM) states in recollision-excitation non-sequential double ionization of Ar atoms. By confining the ionization dynamics to a specific narrow time window, the few-cycle pulse purifies the electron trajectories, thereby ensuring high coherence between entangled OAM channels and enhancing entanglement. Furthermore, the degree of entanglement can be efficiently modulated by varying the carrier envelope phase of the few-cycle laser pulse, which is achieved by altering the population across OAM channels. Optimizing coherence through electron trajectory purification with a designed specific temporal waveform of laser field provides a general pathway for enhancing entanglement in laser-induced systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32270643,91957109,and 81870427).
文摘Megakaryocytes and hepatocytes are unique cells in mammals that undergo polyploidization through endomitosis in terminal differentiation.Many polyploidization regulators and underlying mechanisms have been reported,most of which are tightly coupled with development,organogenesis,and cell differentiation.However,the nature of endomitosis,which involves successful entry into and exit from mitosis without complete cytokinesis,has not yet been fully elucidated.We highlight that endomitosis is a new cell fate in the cell cycle,and tetraploidy is a critical stage at the bifurcation of cell fate decision.This review summarizes the recent research progress in this area and provides novel insights into how cells manipulate mitosis toward endomitosis.Endomitotic cells can evade the tetraploidy restrictions and proceed to multiple rounds of the cell cycle.This knowledge not only deepens our understanding of endomitosis as a fundamental biological process but also offers new perspectives on the physiological and pathophysiological implications of polyploidization.
基金supported by the Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University under the Scientific Startup Foundation for Doctors((2022)733)Shanghai Jiao Tong University under the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30972103).
文摘Objectives:Weaning induces oxidative stress in pigs,increasing the risk of diarrhea and death.Intestinal damage is associated with obstructed intestinal cell cycles.To stop damage caused by reactive oxygen species(ROS),N-acetyl cysteine(NAC)has been widely employed.In this study,we examined changes in the intestinal cyclin of weaning piglets and assessed the impact of NAC on intestinal cell cycle arrest and intracellular signaling pathways.Methods:We conducted two animal experiments.In the first,we divided 12 litters of 120 newborn piglets into two groups:a control group and a weaning group.The control piglets were allowed to suckle normally.The weaning group was weaned after 3 weeks and fed a normal diet for piglets.We slaughtered six piglets from the control group and six from the weaning group.We observed cyclin changes and intestinal development at days 0,1,4,and 7 after weaning.In the second experiment,we divided 15 litters of 150 piglets that were 2 weeks old into three groups:the control group,the weaning group,and the NAC group.Control piglets were allowed to suckle normally.Piglets in the weaning and NAC groups were weaned when they were 21 days old.The NAC group was fed a basal diet supplemented with 500 mg/kg NAC,and the weaning group was fed the basal diet alone.The experimental period was 14–25 days of age.Four days after weaning,we slaughtered one piglet from each litter.We then analyzed intestinal cell cycle indexes,intestinal oxidative stress,c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK),extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK),and p38 phosphorylation.Results:Weaning decreased the piglets’feed intake and daily gain,reduced the serum antioxidant capacity,and increased the intestinal ROS level.Furthermore,the jejunum histology and barrier development of the jejunum exhibited damage after weaning,the microvilli displayed hypoplasia,and the p21 and p27 protein expression levels of the jejunum were significantly elevated.We did not observe any significant differences in cyclin D and E after days 1,4,and 7 post-weaning compared with the control group.We observed,however,significantly increased cyclin D and E expression,lower ERK,JNK,and p38 kinase phosphorylation;villus atrophy alleviation;decreased p21 and p27 expression;and increased average daily intake of feed and weight gain.Conclusion:This research demonstrates that weaning stress inhibits piglet intestinal proliferation by reducing cyclin D and cyclin E expression.NAC downregulates p21 and p27 through modulating mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKase)phosphorylation,thereby promoting cell proliferation.The results indicate that NAC promotes intestinal function and the integrity of enterocytes and holds promise as a new feed additive for animal health.
文摘With an analysis of zonal wind observations over 40 years, Salby and Callaghan [1] showed that the Quasi-biennial Oscillation (QBO) at 20 km is modulated by 11-year solar cycle (SC) variations from about 12 to 20 m/s (Figure 2). The observations are reproduced qualitatively in a study with the 3D Numerical Spectral Model, which shows that the SC effect of the stratospheric QBO is produced by dynamical downward coupling originating in the mesosphere. In this modeling study, the SC period is taken to be 10 years, and a realistic heat source is applied varying exponentially with altitude: 0.2%, surface;2%, 50 km;20%, 100 km and above. The numerical results show that the variable solar radiation in the mesosphere around 65 km generates a hemispheric symmetric Equatorial Annual Oscillation (EAO), which is modulated by relatively large SC variations. Under the influence of wave mean flow interactions, the EAO propagates into the lower atmosphere and is the dynamical source or pacemaker for the large SC modulation of the QBO. The numerical results show that the upward propagating small-scale gravity waves from the troposphere amplify the SC modulations of the QBO and EAO in the stratosphere, part of the SC mechanism. The zonal winds of the equatorial QBO and EAO produce through the meridional circulation measurable SC variations in the temperature of the stratosphere and troposphere at high latitudes. Analysis of NCEP temperature and zonal wind data (1958 to 2006) provides observational evidence of the EAO with SC variations around 11 years.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82002940 and No.82203336Shaanxi Natural Science Foundation,No.2023-JC-YB-166.
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)ranks among the most prevalent and deadly malignancies,characterized by a high recurrence rate.Regulator of chromosome condensation 1(RCC1)serves as a principal guanine nucleotide exchange factor for ras-related nuclear protein guanosine triphosphatase(GTPase)and is implicated in various cancers.However,the role of RCC1 in HCC remains unex-plored.AIM To elucidate the functional significance and molecular mechanisms of RCC1 in HCC.METHODS Bioinformatics were to examine the expression levels of RCC1 in HCC and to assess its impact on the prognosis of this malignancy.The cell counting kit-8 assay and flow cytometry were utilized to evaluate the cell viability and cell cycle of HCC cells.Furthermore,quantitative reverse transcription and immunoblotting were to investigate the influence of RCC1 on cyclin associated proteins.RESULTS Bioinformatics analysis revealed that RCC1 was highly expressed in HCC and correlated with poor prognosis in HCC patients.Functional studies showed that RCC1 overexpression promoted the malignant phenotype of HCC cells,especially the proliferation of HCC cells,whereas RCC1 knockdown had the opposite effect.Mechanistically,we identied cell division cycle-associated(CDCA)8 as a downstream target of RCC1 in HCC.RCC1 overexpression markedly increased CDCA8 levels,consequently enhancing cell proliferation and survival in HCC cells.Additionally,we discovered that RCC1 contributed to the development and progression of HCC by activating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1a pathway through CDCA8.CONCLUSION Our study provides profound insights into the pivotal role of RCC1 in HCC and its potential as a therapeutic target.
基金supported by the Budget Surplus of Central Financial Science and Technology Plan (No.2021-JY-14)the Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2020M680636)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Public Welfare Scientific Research Institutes of China,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (Nos.2022YSKY-21 and 2022YSKY-27)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41375133)the Science Foundation of Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (No.JY-41375133)Tian He Qingsuo Project-special fund project.
文摘The chemistry of sulfur cycle contributes significantly to the atmospheric nucleation process,which is the first step of new particle formation(NPF).In the present study,cycloaddition reaction mechanism of sulfur trioxide(SO_(3))to hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S)which is a typical air pollutant and toxic gas detrimental to the environment were comprehensively investigate through theoretical calculations and Atmospheric Cluster Dynamic Code simulations.Gas-phase stability and nucleation potential of the product thiosulfuric acid(H_(2)S_(2)O_(3),TSA)were further analyzed to evaluate its atmospheric impact.Without any catalysts,the H_(2)S+SO_(3)reaction is infeasible with a barrier of 24.2 kcal/mol.Atmospheric nucleation precursors formic acid(FA),sulfuric acid(SA),and water(H_(2)O)could effectively lower the reaction barriers as catalysts,even to a barrierless reaction with the efficiency of cis-SA>trans-FA>trans-SA>H_(2)O.Subsequently,the gas-phase stability of TSA was investigated.A hydrolysis reaction barrier of up to 61.4 kcal/mol alone with an endothermic isomerization reaction barrier of 5.1 kcal/mol under the catalytic effect of SA demonstrates the sufficient stability of TSA.Furthermore,topological and kinetic analysis were conducted to determine the nucleation potential of TSA.Atmospheric clusters formed by TSA and atmospheric nucleation precursors(SA,ammonia NH_(3),and dimethylamine DMA)were thermodynamically stable.Moreover,the gradually decreasing evaporation coefficients for TSA-base clusters,particularly for TSA-DMA,suggests that TSA may participate in NPF where the concentration of base molecules are relatively higher.The present new reaction mechanismmay contributes to a better understanding of atmospheric sulfur cycle and NPF.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42172339,91951205)。
文摘Microorganisms actively participate in biogeochemical cycling processes and play a crucial role in maintaining the dynamic balance of hot spring ecosystems.However,the distribution of microbial functional genes and their influencing factors in hot springs remain largely unclear.Therefore,this study investigated the microbial functional genes and their potential for controlling biogeochemical cycles(C,N,S,and P) in the hot Springs of Tengchong,China,using the Geochip method,a functional gene microarray technology.The examined hot springs have very different microbial functional genes.A total of 22 736 gene probe signals were identified,belonging to 567 functional genes and associated with 15 ecological functions,mainly involving stress response,carbon cycle,nitrogen cycle,sulfur cycle,phosphorus cycle and energy processes.The amyA,narG,dsrA and ppx genes were most abundant in carbon,nitrogen,sulfur and phosphorus cycles,respectively,and were significantly correlated with pH,temperature and SO_(4)^(2-).The diversity and abundance of detected gene probes were negatively correlated with temperature.The α-diversity(i.e.,Shannon index) was high at low temperature and low pH.Molecular functional interactions revealed by the gene connectivity levels were negatively correlated with temperature,pH and SO_(4)^(2-).These results suggested that the abundance,diversity and interactions of microbial functional genes were significantly influenced by geochemical parameters.-In addition,some genera possessed functional genes related to carbon,nitrogen,sulfur,and phosphorus cycles and can synergistically control the biogeochemical cycles of carbon,nitrogen,sulfur and phosphorus.These findings provide new insights into the functional potentials of microorganisms to participate in biogeochemical cycles and their responses to environmental factors in hot springs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170144 and 32470146).
文摘Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome(SFTS)is a novel emerging acute infectious disease caused by severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus(SFTSV),characterized by high fever and thrombocytopenia.It has been proved that traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has displayed definite therapeutic effects on viral hemorrhagic fever,indicating its potential to treat SFTS.In this study,SFTS-relative key targets were predicted via gene ontology(GO)analysis and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)enrichment analysis.Molecular docking was then used to select stable binders.Molecules matched TCMs were identified,and a new prescription,Qingqi Guxue decoction(QQGX),was formulated to clear heat and nourish blood,with a resulting drug composition network.We explored the optimal drug proportion for QQGX.Through an in-depth study of molecular mechanisms,we found that QQGX induces S phase arrest by promoting the degradation of cyclin A2(CCNA2)and cyclin-dependent kinase 2(CDK2),thereby inhibiting SFTSV replication.Finally,we verified the effectiveness and safety of QQGX based on the mouse liver bile duct organoid model infected with SFTSV.In summary,our study prepared a TCM decoction using the method of network pharmacology.This decoction has a significant inhibitory effect on the replication of SFTSV and provides a new treatment strategy for hemorrhagic fever with TCM.
基金funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52274082)the Program of Qingjiang Excellent Young Talents,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology(Grant No.JXUSTQJBJ2020003)the Innovation Fund Designated for Graduate Students of Jiangxi Province(Grant No.YC2023-B215).
文摘The roughness of the fracture surface directly affects the strength,deformation,and permeability of the surrounding rock in deep underground engineering.Understanding the effect of high temperature and thermal cycle on the fracture surface roughness plays an important role in estimating the damage degree and stability of deep rock mass.In this paper,the variations of fracture surface roughness of granite after different heating and thermal cycles were investigated using the joint roughness coefficient method(JRC),three-dimensional(3D)roughness parameters,and fractal dimension(D),and the mechanism of damage and deterioration of granite were revealed.The experimental results show an increase in the roughness of the granite fracture surface as temperature and cycle number were incremented.The variations of JRC,height parameter,inclination parameter and area parameter with the temperature conformed to the Boltzmann's functional distribution,while the D decreased linearly as the temperature increased.Besides,the anisotropy index(Ip)of the granite fracture surface increased as the temperature increased,and the larger parameter values of roughness characterization at different temperatures were attained mainly in directions of 20°–40°,60°–100°and 140°–160°.The fracture aperture of granite after fracture followed the Gauss distribution and the average aperture increased with increasing temperature,which increased from 0.665 mm at 25℃to 1.058 mm at 800℃.High temperature caused an uneven thermal expansion,water evaporation,and oxidation of minerals within the granite,which promoted the growth and expansion of microfractures,and reduced interparticle bonding strength.In particular,the damage was exacerbated by the expansion and cracking of the quartz phase transition after T>500℃.Thermal cycles contributed to the accumulation of this damage and further weakened the interparticle bonding forces,resulting in a significant increase in the roughness,anisotropy,and aperture of the fracture surface after five cycles.
