Imaging through fluctuating scattering media such as fog is of challenge since it seriously degrades the image quality.We investigate how the image quality of computational ghost imaging is reduced by fluctuating fog ...Imaging through fluctuating scattering media such as fog is of challenge since it seriously degrades the image quality.We investigate how the image quality of computational ghost imaging is reduced by fluctuating fog and how to obtain a high-quality defogging ghost image. We show theoretically and experimentally that the photon number fluctuations introduced by fluctuating fog is the reason for ghost image degradation. An algorithm is proposed to process the signals collected by the computational ghost imaging device to eliminate photon number fluctuations of different measurement events. Thus, a high-quality defogging ghost image is reconstructed even though fog is evenly distributed on the optical path. A nearly 100% defogging ghost image is obtained by further using a cycle generative adversarial network to process the reconstructed defogging image.展开更多
The imbalance of energy consumption in wireless sensor networks(WSNs)easily results in the“hot spot”problem that the sensor nodes in a particular area die due to fast energy consumption.In order to solve the“hot s...The imbalance of energy consumption in wireless sensor networks(WSNs)easily results in the“hot spot”problem that the sensor nodes in a particular area die due to fast energy consumption.In order to solve the“hot spot”problem in WSNs,we propose an unequal clustering routing algorithm based on genetic algorithm(UCR-GA).In the cluster head election phase,the fitness function is constructed based on the residual energy,density and distance between nodes and base station,and the appropriate node is selected as the cluster head.In the data transmission phase,the cluster head selects single-hop or multi-hop communication mode according to the distance to the base station.After we comprehensively consider the residual energy of the cluster head and its communication energy consumption with the base station,an appropriate relay node is selected.The designed protocal is simulated under energy homogeneous and energy heterogeneity conditions,and the results show that the proposed routing protocal can effectively balance energy consumption,prolong the life cycle of network,and is appicable to heterogeneous networks.展开更多
As a result of the authors＇ error, the paper ＂Determination of the chromospheric quiet network element area index and its variation between 2008 and 2011＂ by Singh, J. et al. （RAA, Vol. 12, p.201 [2012]） contains...As a result of the authors＇ error, the paper ＂Determination of the chromospheric quiet network element area index and its variation between 2008 and 2011＂ by Singh, J. et al. （RAA, Vol. 12, p.201 [2012]） contains errors in page 206. In the original article, the top right and bottom images were inadvertently interchanged in Figure 5. The correct sequence of images is shown in this erratum. Figure caption and details about the images remain unchanged.展开更多
In general, it is believed that plages and sunspots are the main contribu- tors to solar irradiance. There are small-scale structures on the Sun with intermediate magnetic fields that could also contribute to solar ir...In general, it is believed that plages and sunspots are the main contribu- tors to solar irradiance. There are small-scale structures on the Sun with intermediate magnetic fields that could also contribute to solar irradiance, but it has not yet been quantified how many of these small scale structures contribute and how much this varies over the solar cycle. We used Ca II K images obtained from the telescope at the Kodaikanal observatory. We report a method to separate the network elements from the background structure and plage regions, and compute the changes in the network element area index during the minimum phase of the solar cycle and part of the as- cending phase of cycle 24. The measured area occupied by the network elements is about 30% and the plages cover less than 1% of the solar disk during the observation period from February 2008 to 2011. During the extended period of minimum activity, it is observed that the network element area index decreases by about 7% compared to the area occupied by the network elements in 2008. A long term study of the network element area index is required to understand the variations over the solar cycle.展开更多
This paper introduces the high-speed electrical multiple unit （EMO） life cycle, including the design, manufacturing, testing, and maintenance stages. It also presents the train control and monitoring system （TCMS）...This paper introduces the high-speed electrical multiple unit （EMO） life cycle, including the design, manufacturing, testing, and maintenance stages. It also presents the train control and monitoring system （TCMS） software development platform, the TCMS testing and verification bench, the EMU driving simulation platform, and the EMU remote data transmittal and maintenance platform. All these platforms and benches combined together make up the EMU life cycle cost （LCC） system. Each platform facilitates EMU LCC management and is an important part of the system.展开更多
In a wireless sensor network[1],the operation of a node depends on the battery power it carries.Because of the environmental reasons,the node cannot replace the battery.In order to improve the life cycle of the networ...In a wireless sensor network[1],the operation of a node depends on the battery power it carries.Because of the environmental reasons,the node cannot replace the battery.In order to improve the life cycle of the network,energy becomes one of the key problems in the design of the wireless sensor network(WSN)routing protocol[2].This paper proposes a routing protocol ERGD based on the method of gradient descent that can minimizes the consumption of energy.Within the communication radius of the current node,the distance between the current node and the next hop node is assumed that can generate a projected energy at the distance from the current node to the base station(BS),this projected energy and the remaining energy of the next hop node is the key factor in finding the next hop node.The simulation results show that the proposed protocol effectively extends the life cycle of the network and improves the reliability and fault tolerance of the system.展开更多
Deep learning(DL)techniques,which do not need complex preprocessing and feature analysis,are used in many areas of medicine and achieve promising results.On the other hand,in medical studies,a limited dataset decrease...Deep learning(DL)techniques,which do not need complex preprocessing and feature analysis,are used in many areas of medicine and achieve promising results.On the other hand,in medical studies,a limited dataset decreases the abstraction ability of the DL model.In this context,we aimed to produce synthetic brain images including three tumor types(glioma,meningioma,and pituitary),unlike traditional data augmentation methods,and classify them with DL.This study proposes a tumor classification model consisting of a Dense Convolutional Network(DenseNet121)-based DL model to prevent forgetting problems in deep networks and delay information flow between layers.By comparing models trained on two different datasets,we demonstrated the effect of synthetic images generated by Cycle Generative Adversarial Network(CycleGAN)on the generalization of DL.One model is trained only on the original dataset,while the other is trained on the combined dataset of synthetic and original images.Synthetic data generated by CycleGAN improved the best accuracy values for glioma,meningioma,and pituitary tumor classes from 0.9633,0.9569,and 0.9904 to 0.9968,0.9920,and 0.9952,respectively.The developed model using synthetic data obtained a higher accuracy value than the related studies in the literature.Additionally,except for pixel-level and affine transform data augmentation,synthetic data has been generated in the figshare brain dataset for the first time.展开更多
GPSR( Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing) selects the closest neighbor node to the destination as forwarding node using greedy node,and establishes floor plan by using boundary forwarding node to translate packets whe...GPSR( Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing) selects the closest neighbor node to the destination as forwarding node using greedy node,and establishes floor plan by using boundary forwarding node to translate packets when there is "hole"in network. Aiming at the hot spots and single path issues in GPSR,a new improved algorithm called GPSR-EA is proposed. Distance factor,energy factor and angle factor are introduced to the improved algorithm when nodes choose the nest hop to forward packets. In order to simulate and analyze the performance of GPSR-EA,the NS2 simulation environment was set up. Experimental results show that the GPSR-EA algorithm can effectively balance the network-energy-consumption and improve the network-life-cycle.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China (Grant No. ZR2022MF249)。
文摘Imaging through fluctuating scattering media such as fog is of challenge since it seriously degrades the image quality.We investigate how the image quality of computational ghost imaging is reduced by fluctuating fog and how to obtain a high-quality defogging ghost image. We show theoretically and experimentally that the photon number fluctuations introduced by fluctuating fog is the reason for ghost image degradation. An algorithm is proposed to process the signals collected by the computational ghost imaging device to eliminate photon number fluctuations of different measurement events. Thus, a high-quality defogging ghost image is reconstructed even though fog is evenly distributed on the optical path. A nearly 100% defogging ghost image is obtained by further using a cycle generative adversarial network to process the reconstructed defogging image.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61862038)Lanzhou Talent Innovation and Entrepreneurship Technology Plan Project(No.2019-RC-14)Foundation of a Hundred Youth Talents Training Program of Lanzhou Jiaotong University。
文摘The imbalance of energy consumption in wireless sensor networks(WSNs)easily results in the“hot spot”problem that the sensor nodes in a particular area die due to fast energy consumption.In order to solve the“hot spot”problem in WSNs,we propose an unequal clustering routing algorithm based on genetic algorithm(UCR-GA).In the cluster head election phase,the fitness function is constructed based on the residual energy,density and distance between nodes and base station,and the appropriate node is selected as the cluster head.In the data transmission phase,the cluster head selects single-hop or multi-hop communication mode according to the distance to the base station.After we comprehensively consider the residual energy of the cluster head and its communication energy consumption with the base station,an appropriate relay node is selected.The designed protocal is simulated under energy homogeneous and energy heterogeneity conditions,and the results show that the proposed routing protocal can effectively balance energy consumption,prolong the life cycle of network,and is appicable to heterogeneous networks.
文摘As a result of the authors＇ error, the paper ＂Determination of the chromospheric quiet network element area index and its variation between 2008 and 2011＂ by Singh, J. et al. （RAA, Vol. 12, p.201 [2012]） contains errors in page 206. In the original article, the top right and bottom images were inadvertently interchanged in Figure 5. The correct sequence of images is shown in this erratum. Figure caption and details about the images remain unchanged.
文摘In general, it is believed that plages and sunspots are the main contribu- tors to solar irradiance. There are small-scale structures on the Sun with intermediate magnetic fields that could also contribute to solar irradiance, but it has not yet been quantified how many of these small scale structures contribute and how much this varies over the solar cycle. We used Ca II K images obtained from the telescope at the Kodaikanal observatory. We report a method to separate the network elements from the background structure and plage regions, and compute the changes in the network element area index during the minimum phase of the solar cycle and part of the as- cending phase of cycle 24. The measured area occupied by the network elements is about 30% and the plages cover less than 1% of the solar disk during the observation period from February 2008 to 2011. During the extended period of minimum activity, it is observed that the network element area index decreases by about 7% compared to the area occupied by the network elements in 2008. A long term study of the network element area index is required to understand the variations over the solar cycle.
文摘This paper introduces the high-speed electrical multiple unit （EMO） life cycle, including the design, manufacturing, testing, and maintenance stages. It also presents the train control and monitoring system （TCMS） software development platform, the TCMS testing and verification bench, the EMU driving simulation platform, and the EMU remote data transmittal and maintenance platform. All these platforms and benches combined together make up the EMU life cycle cost （LCC） system. Each platform facilitates EMU LCC management and is an important part of the system.
文摘In a wireless sensor network[1],the operation of a node depends on the battery power it carries.Because of the environmental reasons,the node cannot replace the battery.In order to improve the life cycle of the network,energy becomes one of the key problems in the design of the wireless sensor network(WSN)routing protocol[2].This paper proposes a routing protocol ERGD based on the method of gradient descent that can minimizes the consumption of energy.Within the communication radius of the current node,the distance between the current node and the next hop node is assumed that can generate a projected energy at the distance from the current node to the base station(BS),this projected energy and the remaining energy of the next hop node is the key factor in finding the next hop node.The simulation results show that the proposed protocol effectively extends the life cycle of the network and improves the reliability and fault tolerance of the system.
文摘Deep learning(DL)techniques,which do not need complex preprocessing and feature analysis,are used in many areas of medicine and achieve promising results.On the other hand,in medical studies,a limited dataset decreases the abstraction ability of the DL model.In this context,we aimed to produce synthetic brain images including three tumor types(glioma,meningioma,and pituitary),unlike traditional data augmentation methods,and classify them with DL.This study proposes a tumor classification model consisting of a Dense Convolutional Network(DenseNet121)-based DL model to prevent forgetting problems in deep networks and delay information flow between layers.By comparing models trained on two different datasets,we demonstrated the effect of synthetic images generated by Cycle Generative Adversarial Network(CycleGAN)on the generalization of DL.One model is trained only on the original dataset,while the other is trained on the combined dataset of synthetic and original images.Synthetic data generated by CycleGAN improved the best accuracy values for glioma,meningioma,and pituitary tumor classes from 0.9633,0.9569,and 0.9904 to 0.9968,0.9920,and 0.9952,respectively.The developed model using synthetic data obtained a higher accuracy value than the related studies in the literature.Additionally,except for pixel-level and affine transform data augmentation,synthetic data has been generated in the figshare brain dataset for the first time.
基金Financial Support by Program for Liaoning Outstanding Talents in University(LR2012007)
文摘GPSR( Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing) selects the closest neighbor node to the destination as forwarding node using greedy node,and establishes floor plan by using boundary forwarding node to translate packets when there is "hole"in network. Aiming at the hot spots and single path issues in GPSR,a new improved algorithm called GPSR-EA is proposed. Distance factor,energy factor and angle factor are introduced to the improved algorithm when nodes choose the nest hop to forward packets. In order to simulate and analyze the performance of GPSR-EA,the NS2 simulation environment was set up. Experimental results show that the GPSR-EA algorithm can effectively balance the network-energy-consumption and improve the network-life-cycle.
