Cyclic nucleotide monophosphates(cNMPs),including 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)and 3′,5′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate,are well-established signaling molecules essential for finely tuned plant respon...Cyclic nucleotide monophosphates(cNMPs),including 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)and 3′,5′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate,are well-established signaling molecules essential for finely tuned plant responses to environmental and developmental stimuli(Kwiatkowski et al.,2024a).3′,5′-cNMPs are synthesized by cyclases,notably adenylate cyclases(ACs)and guanylate cyclases,that catalyze ATP and GTP to cAMP and 3′,5′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate.Highly conserved amino acid motifs derived from the catalytic centers of ACs/guanylate cyclases across species diagnostics for cyclase activities in the early 2000s(Gehring,2010)have led to the identification of>100 candidate cyclases in Arabidopsis thaliana,many of which have been experimentally validated(Kwiatkowski et al.,2024a).Unlike in mammals or bacteria,they constitute a part of complex proteins with varied domain architectures where the cyclases moonlight(Turek et al.,2024).Such regulatory function is evidenced through ACs operating as cryptic sites in transporters and disease-related proteins(Wong et al.,2023),some of which have been identified in crop plants such as maize and jujube,where they affect fundamental biological processes including germination,root growth,flowering,and responses to heat stress(Yang et al.,2021;Liu et al.,2023).展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32100581)the International Collaborative Research Program of Wenzhou-Kean University(ICRP202202)the Wenzhou-Kean University Institute for International Frontier Interdisciplinary Studies(KY20250603000445).
文摘Cyclic nucleotide monophosphates(cNMPs),including 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)and 3′,5′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate,are well-established signaling molecules essential for finely tuned plant responses to environmental and developmental stimuli(Kwiatkowski et al.,2024a).3′,5′-cNMPs are synthesized by cyclases,notably adenylate cyclases(ACs)and guanylate cyclases,that catalyze ATP and GTP to cAMP and 3′,5′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate.Highly conserved amino acid motifs derived from the catalytic centers of ACs/guanylate cyclases across species diagnostics for cyclase activities in the early 2000s(Gehring,2010)have led to the identification of>100 candidate cyclases in Arabidopsis thaliana,many of which have been experimentally validated(Kwiatkowski et al.,2024a).Unlike in mammals or bacteria,they constitute a part of complex proteins with varied domain architectures where the cyclases moonlight(Turek et al.,2024).Such regulatory function is evidenced through ACs operating as cryptic sites in transporters and disease-related proteins(Wong et al.,2023),some of which have been identified in crop plants such as maize and jujube,where they affect fundamental biological processes including germination,root growth,flowering,and responses to heat stress(Yang et al.,2021;Liu et al.,2023).
