A hot cathode bucket ion source is used for the EAST（experimental advanced superconducting tokamak）neutral beam injector.The thermal electrons emitted from the surface of the cathode are extracted and accelerated by...A hot cathode bucket ion source is used for the EAST（experimental advanced superconducting tokamak）neutral beam injector.The thermal electrons emitted from the surface of the cathode are extracted and accelerated by the electric field formed by the arc voltage,which is applied between the arc chamber of the ion source and the cathode.This paper analyzes the effects of arc voltage on the arc discharge in a hot cathode high current ion source.展开更多
Proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer(PEMWE)technology is regarded as one of the most promising methods for green hydrogen generation.The oxygen evolution reaction(OER)at the anode is the primary bottleneck prev...Proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer(PEMWE)technology is regarded as one of the most promising methods for green hydrogen generation.The oxygen evolution reaction(OER)at the anode is the primary bottleneck preventing the industrial-scale application of PEMWEs due to its sluggish kinetics,and it presently relies upon electrocatalysts that use scarce,costly Ru and Ir.In addition,most of the Ru-and Ir-based electrocatalysts developed to date need high noble metal loading and present good activity only at low current density for a short period.In this review,we systematically elaborate upon various effective strategies for modulating Ruand Ir-based catalysts to achieve large current density,high stability,and high atom economy,including singleatom designs,heteroatom doping,defect/vacancy creation,alloying,and heterojunction engineering.The structure–performance relationships of OER catalysts synthesized using different strategies are elucidated,along with the importance of substrate materials.We conclude by discussing the remaining challenges and future prospects for OER electrocatalysts in acid.展开更多
基金supported by the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Science Program of China(No.2013GB101000)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11405207)
文摘A hot cathode bucket ion source is used for the EAST（experimental advanced superconducting tokamak）neutral beam injector.The thermal electrons emitted from the surface of the cathode are extracted and accelerated by the electric field formed by the arc voltage,which is applied between the arc chamber of the ion source and the cathode.This paper analyzes the effects of arc voltage on the arc discharge in a hot cathode high current ion source.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U20A20250,22322104,and 22171074)the Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.YQ2021B009)the Basic Research Fund of Heilongjiang University in Heilongjiang Province(No.2021-KYYWF-0031).
文摘Proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer(PEMWE)technology is regarded as one of the most promising methods for green hydrogen generation.The oxygen evolution reaction(OER)at the anode is the primary bottleneck preventing the industrial-scale application of PEMWEs due to its sluggish kinetics,and it presently relies upon electrocatalysts that use scarce,costly Ru and Ir.In addition,most of the Ru-and Ir-based electrocatalysts developed to date need high noble metal loading and present good activity only at low current density for a short period.In this review,we systematically elaborate upon various effective strategies for modulating Ruand Ir-based catalysts to achieve large current density,high stability,and high atom economy,including singleatom designs,heteroatom doping,defect/vacancy creation,alloying,and heterojunction engineering.The structure–performance relationships of OER catalysts synthesized using different strategies are elucidated,along with the importance of substrate materials.We conclude by discussing the remaining challenges and future prospects for OER electrocatalysts in acid.
