The physiological process of breast-feeding should be encouraged under most circumstances despite the presence of trace amounts of environmentaI toxins. The decision for the initiation and continuation of lactation mu...The physiological process of breast-feeding should be encouraged under most circumstances despite the presence of trace amounts of environmentaI toxins. The decision for the initiation and continuation of lactation must involve the expectant father, especially in the provision of knowledge by clinicians of the beneficiaI effects to infant and mother.Awareness that growth patterns of breast-fed infants differ from formula-feeding is essential in the interpretation of toxicity and not an indicator to terminate lactation.Numerous studies demonstrate the importance of breast-feeding in providing protection against various diseases and decreasing the incidence of infant morbidity and mortality.Inert material such as silicone or environmental toxins including organophosphate pesticides, chlorinated hydrocarbons, solvents, and heavy metals have been identified in human milk. Toxic manifestations were reported in suckling infants exposed to mammary chemicals. The observed adverse reactions were suggested to be due to either (I) a direct action of the chemical without any maternal dietary deficiency, (2) a combination of essential mother nutrient deficiency and excess toxicant in breast milk; or (3) the presence of several toxicants in human milk acting in conjunction as bioactivators or promoters of toxicity. In weighing the risks vs benefits of lactation there is a clear consensus that even in the presence of mammary toxicants, breast-feeding should be promoted and maintained展开更多
Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)have dominated the market for a long time.However,the scarcity of lithium resources has sparked concerns about future energy storage devices,leading many researchers to turn their attention ...Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)have dominated the market for a long time.However,the scarcity of lithium resources has sparked concerns about future energy storage devices,leading many researchers to turn their attention to other energy storage devices,such as sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),potassiumion batteries(KIBs),zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs),and so on.Among them,SIBs have attracted widespread attention from researchers due to their abundant sodium resources,high safety,and excellent low-temperature performance.Because the cathode of the battery determines the energy density,cycle life,charge/discharge rate,and cost,the research on the cathodes for SIBs is particularly important.Layered oxide cathodes,with their periodic layered structure,good electrical conductivity,and two-dimensional ion transport channels,are regarded as the most promising cathode materials for SIBs.Currently,the main issues facing layered oxide cathodes include irreversible phase transitions,high air sensitivity,insufficient energy density,surface residual alkali,and the migration and dissolution of transition metals.The key to solving these problems lies in the development of a new generation of high-performance layered oxide cathodes.Hence,we review the current research progress of layered oxide cathode materials for SIBs and various optimizing strategies,and finally summarize and provide an outlook on the future development trends of SIBs.展开更多
文摘The physiological process of breast-feeding should be encouraged under most circumstances despite the presence of trace amounts of environmentaI toxins. The decision for the initiation and continuation of lactation must involve the expectant father, especially in the provision of knowledge by clinicians of the beneficiaI effects to infant and mother.Awareness that growth patterns of breast-fed infants differ from formula-feeding is essential in the interpretation of toxicity and not an indicator to terminate lactation.Numerous studies demonstrate the importance of breast-feeding in providing protection against various diseases and decreasing the incidence of infant morbidity and mortality.Inert material such as silicone or environmental toxins including organophosphate pesticides, chlorinated hydrocarbons, solvents, and heavy metals have been identified in human milk. Toxic manifestations were reported in suckling infants exposed to mammary chemicals. The observed adverse reactions were suggested to be due to either (I) a direct action of the chemical without any maternal dietary deficiency, (2) a combination of essential mother nutrient deficiency and excess toxicant in breast milk; or (3) the presence of several toxicants in human milk acting in conjunction as bioactivators or promoters of toxicity. In weighing the risks vs benefits of lactation there is a clear consensus that even in the presence of mammary toxicants, breast-feeding should be promoted and maintained
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2023YFB3809303National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:U21A2033251771076+1 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,Grant/Award Numbers:2020B1515120049,2021A1515010332,2021A1515010153Research and Development Program in Key Areas of Guangdong Province,Grant/Award Number:2020B0101030005。
文摘Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)have dominated the market for a long time.However,the scarcity of lithium resources has sparked concerns about future energy storage devices,leading many researchers to turn their attention to other energy storage devices,such as sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),potassiumion batteries(KIBs),zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs),and so on.Among them,SIBs have attracted widespread attention from researchers due to their abundant sodium resources,high safety,and excellent low-temperature performance.Because the cathode of the battery determines the energy density,cycle life,charge/discharge rate,and cost,the research on the cathodes for SIBs is particularly important.Layered oxide cathodes,with their periodic layered structure,good electrical conductivity,and two-dimensional ion transport channels,are regarded as the most promising cathode materials for SIBs.Currently,the main issues facing layered oxide cathodes include irreversible phase transitions,high air sensitivity,insufficient energy density,surface residual alkali,and the migration and dissolution of transition metals.The key to solving these problems lies in the development of a new generation of high-performance layered oxide cathodes.Hence,we review the current research progress of layered oxide cathode materials for SIBs and various optimizing strategies,and finally summarize and provide an outlook on the future development trends of SIBs.
