Accurate modeling of Earth's ionospheric F-region currents is essential for refining geomagnetic field models and understanding magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling.In this study,we develop averaged models to charact...Accurate modeling of Earth's ionospheric F-region currents is essential for refining geomagnetic field models and understanding magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling.In this study,we develop averaged models to characterize F-region currents using magnetic data from the MSS-1(Macao Science Satellite-1) and Swarm satellite missions.Our approach employs a toroidal field representation,utilizing spherical harmonics to capture spatial variations and Fourier series to represent temporal dynamics.Two models,Model-A and Model-B,derived from distinct datasets,are constructed to represent current patterns at altitudes of 450 km and 512 km,respectively.Our models successfully capture the primary spatial structures and seasonal variations of polar field-aligned currents.Additionally,they accurately reproduce the localized inter-hemispheric field-aligned currents observed in mid and low latitudes during solstices,particularly between 14:00 and 16:00 magnetic local times.These findings enhance our understanding of ionospheric F-region currents and contribute to more precise geomagnetic field modeling.展开更多
Purpose–This study summarizes the overall situation of the resources of the national science and technology innovation platform in the railway industry,including the distribution of platform types,supporting institut...Purpose–This study summarizes the overall situation of the resources of the national science and technology innovation platform in the railway industry,including the distribution of platform types,supporting institutions,construction sites,professional fields,etc.,to provide a reference for the further improvement and optimization of the national science and technology innovation platform system in the railway industry.Design/methodology/approach–Through literature review,field investigation,expert consultation and other methods,this paper systematically investigates and analyzes the development status of the national science and technology innovation platform in the railway industry.Findings–Taking the national science and technology innovation platform of the railway industry as the research object,this paper investigates and analyzes the construction,development and distribution of the national science and technology innovation platform of railway industry over the years.And the National Engineering Research Center of High-speed Railway and Urban Rail Transit System Technology was taken as an example to introduce its operation effect.Originality/value–China Railway has made great development achievements,with the construction and development of national science and technology innovation platform in the railway industry.In recent years,a large number of national science and technology innovation platforms have been built in the railway industry,which play an important role in railway technological innovation,standard setting and commodification,and Railway Sciences provide strong support for railway technology development.展开更多
This study investigates the influence of runaway current in runaway plasmas on the dynamics of sawtooth oscillations and resultant loss of runaway electrons(RE)using the 3D magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)code M3D-C^(1)(Jardi...This study investigates the influence of runaway current in runaway plasmas on the dynamics of sawtooth oscillations and resultant loss of runaway electrons(RE)using the 3D magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)code M3D-C^(1)(Jardin et al 2012 J.Comput.Sci.Discovery 6014002).Using an HL-2A-like equilibrium,we confirm that in the linear phase,the impact of REs on resistive internal kink instabilities is consistent with previous research.In the nonlinear phase,as the runaway current fully replaces the plasmas current,we observe a significant suppression of sawtooth oscillations,with the first sawtooth cycle occurring earlier compared to the case without runaway current.Following the first sawtooth collapse,plasma current density,runaway current density,and safety factor(q)flatten within the q=1 surface,albeit displaying fine structures.Subsequently,the growing high torodial(n)and poloidal(m)mode number modes disrupt the magnetic surfaces,leading to the loss of REs outside the q=1 surface,while minimally affecting the majority of REs well-confined within it.Thus,in the current model,the physical processes associated with the presence of sawtooth oscillations do not effectively dissipate runaway current,as REs are assumed to be collisionless.In addition,the final profile of runaway current density exhibits increased steepening near the q=1 surface in contrast to the initial profile,displaying a distinctive corrugated inhomogeneity influenced by the growing fluctuation of the n=0 component.Finally,detailed convergence tests are conducted to validate the numerical simulations.展开更多
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric condition with complex symptomatology,including debilitating auditory hallucinations.Transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)has been explored as an adjunctive tr...BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric condition with complex symptomatology,including debilitating auditory hallucinations.Transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)has been explored as an adjunctive treatment to alleviate such symptoms.AIM To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of tDCS in schizophrenia.METHODS Adhering to PRISMA guidelines,we systematically searched PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,and the Cochrane Library on September 19,2023,for randomized controlled trials examining the efficacy of tDCS in schizophrenia,with no language or time restrictions.We included studies that compared tDCS with a control condition and reported clinically relevant outcomes.Data extraction and quality assessments were performed by independent evaluators using the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool.Statistical heterogeneity was evaluated,and a random-effects model was applied due to moderate heterogeneity(I2=41.3%).RESULTS Nine studies comprising 425 participants(tDCS group:219,control group:206)were included.The meta-analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in auditory hallucination scores following tDCS treatment(weighted mean difference:-2.18,95%confidence interval:-4.0 to-0.29,P<0.01).Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the results,with no significant influence from individual studies.Additionally,publication bias was not detected,supporting the reliability and generalizability of the findings.These results underscore the efficacy of tDCS as a therapeutic intervention for auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia.CONCLUSION tDCS significantly reduces auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia,suggesting its potential as an effective adjunctive treatment for managing this disabling symptom.The findings highlight the practical significance of tDCS in clinical settings,particularly for patients with treatment-resistant auditory hallucinations.展开更多
Background Pain sensitivity is critical for preventing non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)behaviours;however,individuals engaging in such behaviours often exhibit decreased pain sensitivity,which may undermine this natural...Background Pain sensitivity is critical for preventing non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)behaviours;however,individuals engaging in such behaviours often exhibit decreased pain sensitivity,which may undermine this natural safeguard.The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC)is a key region involved in pain regulation,and recent approaches using transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)to target the DLPFC have shown potential for modulating pain processing and restoring normal pain perception for individuals engaging in NSSI behaviours.Aims This study aimed to explore the immediate and short-term effects of a single session of tDCS on pain sensitivity in individuals with NSSI,as well as its secondary effects on mood and NSSI-related factors.Methods In this randomised,double-blind,parallel,sham-controlled clinical trial,participants with a history of NSSI were randomly assigned to receive either active or sham tDCS.The intervention consisted of a single 20 min tDCS session targeting the left DLPFC.The primary outcome was pain sensitivity,measured by the pressure pain threshold(PPT)and heat pain score(HPS).Secondary and additional outcomes included NSSI urges,NSSI resistance,self-efficacy in resisting NSSI,mood-related variables and exploratory cognitive-affective processes such as rumination,self-criticism and self-perceived pain sensitivity,assessed at baseline,immediately post-intervention,and at 24 hours,1 week and 2 weeks follow-ups.Results For the primary outcomes,no significant differences between groups were observed for pain sensitivity(PPT,padj=0.812;HPS,padj=0.608).However,an exploratory sensitivity analysis treating each trial as an individual observation revealed a significant effect on HPS(padj=0.036).For the secondary and additional outcomes,although there were initial improvements in joyful feelings and reductions in negative affect at 2 weeks post-intervention,these effects did not remain significant after multiple comparison corrections.Notably,reductions in rumination were statistically significant at both 1-week and 2-week follow-ups(1 week,p_(adj)=0.040;2 weeks,p_(adj)=0.042).There were no significant effects on NSSI urges,NSSI resistance,self-efficacy in resisting NSSI or self-criticism.Conclusions A single session of tDCS over the left DLPFC did not produce significant changes in pain sensitivity in individuals with NSSI.A sensitivity analysis indicated an effect on heat pain sensitivity,possibly reflecting changes in brain activity,warranting confirmation through neuroimaging.These findings suggest that tDCS warrants further investigation for its potential to influence pain-related cognitive-affective processes in individuals with NSSI.展开更多
Recently,it has been observed that during the operation of an inductively coupled plasma(ICP),a luminescent target(BAM,BaMgAl10O17:Eu)can interact with the plasma beam and emit blue light.After excluding the influence...Recently,it has been observed that during the operation of an inductively coupled plasma(ICP),a luminescent target(BAM,BaMgAl10O17:Eu)can interact with the plasma beam and emit blue light.After excluding the influence of ultraviolet(UV)and electromagnetic wave radiation,the results indicate that the BAM target may undergo luminescent excitation due to collisions with electrons and ions.This led us to investigate the physical mechanism behind this plasma luminescence excitation phenomenon.A spectrometer was used to record the luminescent spectroscopy and peak light intensity.Under excitation by argon plasma,the BAM material emits a continuum spectrum from 400 nm to 550 nm,with the peak light intensity located at 462.58 nm,which is the same as the spectrum excited by UV torchlight.To identify the relationship between the plasma parameters and the luminescent intensity,Langmuir and Faraday probes were employed to determine the local plasma parameters such as electron density,electron temperature,and current density.After normalizing the peak light intensity to the plasma parameters,the most interesting point is that the current density is linearly correlated with the luminescent light intensity.To verify the repeatability and lifetime of the plasma-luminescence interaction,a 600 s lifetime test was conducted in a 200 W ICP discharge environment.The maximum difference for the peak light strength of the luminescent spectrum is 6.5%.From a voltage bias experiment and a theoretical derivation,we initially identified that bombardment by ions plays the dominant role in the luminescence excitation process,which also explains the mechanism by which the current density is proportional to the luminescence intensity.This new finding leads us to reconsider the possibility of applying this plasma luminescence phenomenon to optical plasma diagnostics.The BAM light intensity can potentially be used to predict the current density of a plasma beam for large-area two-dimensional(2D)measurements and can capture high spatial resolution in a single test.We believe that this method may lead to high-efficiency,spatially resolved plasma current density measurement.展开更多
In high-risk industrial environments like nuclear power plants,precise defect identification and localization are essential for maintaining production stability and safety.However,the complexity of such a harsh enviro...In high-risk industrial environments like nuclear power plants,precise defect identification and localization are essential for maintaining production stability and safety.However,the complexity of such a harsh environment leads to significant variations in the shape and size of the defects.To address this challenge,we propose the multivariate time series segmentation network(MSSN),which adopts a multiscale convolutional network with multi-stage and depth-separable convolutions for efficient feature extraction through variable-length templates.To tackle the classification difficulty caused by structural signal variance,MSSN employs logarithmic normalization to adjust instance distributions.Furthermore,it integrates classification with smoothing loss functions to accurately identify defect segments amid similar structural and defect signal subsequences.Our algorithm evaluated on both the Mackey-Glass dataset and industrial dataset achieves over 95%localization and demonstrates the capture capability on the synthetic dataset.In a nuclear plant's heat transfer tube dataset,it captures 90%of defect instances with75%middle localization F1 score.展开更多
BACKGROUND Postoperative delirium(POD),an acute neuropsychiatric complication in elderly surgical patients,manifests as attention and cognitive disturbances that may last 24-72 hours after surgery,potentially progress...BACKGROUND Postoperative delirium(POD),an acute neuropsychiatric complication in elderly surgical patients,manifests as attention and cognitive disturbances that may last 24-72 hours after surgery,potentially progressing to dementia.Transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS),a non-invasive neuromodulation technique,enhances cortical excitability and cognitive function by modulating brain networks and synaptic plasticity.Elderly patients undergoing major laparoscopic surgery face elevated POD risks due to prolonged anesthesia and pneumoperitoneum-induced cerebral hypoperfusion.This study investigates whether pre-anesthesia tDCS can reduce POD incidence in this population.AIM To investigate the effect of preoperative tDCS on reducing the incidence of POD in elderly patients undergoing major laparoscopic surgery.METHODS In this study,we enrolled 220 elderly patients who underwent major laparoscopic surgery between April 2024 and December 2024.Patients were randomly assigned to the active-tDCS(group A)and sham-tDCS(group S)groups.A single session of tDCS or sham stimulation was administered 30 minutes before anesthesia induction.The primary outcome was the incidence of POD during within 3 days postoperatively.RESULTS A total of 201 patients were included in the final analysis,with 100 patients in group A and 101 in group S.The incidence of POD within 3 days postoperatively was 7.0%in group A,which was significantly lower than 22.8%in group S.On postoperative day 1,the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Self-Rating Depression Scale scores significantly differed between the two groups,but the pain scores showed no significant difference.CONCLUSION A single session of preoperative tDCS can reduce the incidence of POD in elderly patients undergoing major laparoscopic surgery and can also reduce postoperative anxiety and depression in these patients.展开更多
BACKGROUND Working memory serves as a fundamental cognitive function that substantially impacts performance in various cognitive tasks.Extensive neurophysiological research has established that theta oscillations(4-8 ...BACKGROUND Working memory serves as a fundamental cognitive function that substantially impacts performance in various cognitive tasks.Extensive neurophysiological research has established that theta oscillations(4-8 Hz)play an essential role in supporting working memory operations.Theta-band transcranial alternating current stimulation(tACS)offers a potential mechanism for working memory enhancement through direct modulation of these fundamental neural oscillations.Nevertheless,current empirical evidence shows substantial variability in the observed effects of theta-tACS across studies.AIM To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the effects of thetatACS on working memory performance in healthy adults.METHODS A systematic literature search was performed on PubMed,EMBASE,and Web of Science up to March 10,2025.Effect sizes were computed using Hedges’g with 95%confidence intervals(CIs),with separate meta-analyses for all included studies and for distinct working memory paradigms[n-back and delayed matchto-sample(DMTS)tasks]to examine potential task-specific effects.Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were performed to evaluate the influence of key moderating variables.RESULTS The systematic review included 21 studies(67 effect sizes).Initial meta-analysis showed theta-tACS moderately improved working memory(Hedges’g=0.405,95%CI:0.212-0.598).However,this effect became nonsignificant after correcting for publication bias(trim-and-fill adjusted Hedges’g=0.082,95%CI:-0.052 to 0.217).Task-specific analyses revealed significant benefits in n-back tasks(Hedges’g=0.463,95%CI:0.193-0.733)but not in DMTS tasks(Hedges’g=0.257,95%CI:-0.186 to 0.553).Moderator analyses showed that performance in n-back tasks was influenced by stimulation frequency(P=0.001),concurrent status(P=0.014),task modality(P=0.005),and duration(P=0.013),whereas only the region of targeted stimulation(P=0.012)moderated DMTS tasks.CONCLUSION Theta-tACS enhances working memory in healthy adults,with effects modulated by the task type and protocol parameters,offering dual implications for cognitive enhancement and clinical interventions.展开更多
A finite equilibrium current density arises in the anomalous Hall effect(AHE)as a result of time-reversal symmetry breaking,affecting both the differential current density and total current.In this paper,we illustrate...A finite equilibrium current density arises in the anomalous Hall effect(AHE)as a result of time-reversal symmetry breaking,affecting both the differential current density and total current.In this paper,we illustrate the equilibrium current density in a ribbon-shaped system within the AHE regime,consisting of two sets of counterpropagating channels arranged in a zebra stripes pattern.While the middle channels are susceptible to scattering,the edge channels remain relatively robust.Despite this difference,all channels exhibit the same differential current density when subjected to a differential voltage across the two ends of the ribbon.When a differential voltage is applied to both sides of the ribbon,it results in a snaking pattern of differential current density forming across it.Furthermore,in a four-terminal device comprising the ribbon and two normal leads,it is found that Hall conductance is independent of ribbon width within certain scattering strengths due to the differences in robustness between middle and edge channels.These findings disclose the details of the AHE transport in a finite-sized system under weak scattering.展开更多
The gap between the projected urban areas in the current trend(UAC)and those in the sustainable scenario(UAS)is a critical factor in understanding whether cities can fulfill the requirements of sustainable development...The gap between the projected urban areas in the current trend(UAC)and those in the sustainable scenario(UAS)is a critical factor in understanding whether cities can fulfill the requirements of sustainable development.However,there is a paucity of knowledge on this cutting-edge topic.Given the extensive and rapid urbanization in the United States(U.S.)over the past two centuries,accurately measuring this gap between UAS and UAC is of critical importance for advancing future sustainable urban development,as well as having significant global implications.This study finds that although the 740 U.S.cities have a large UAC in 2100,these cities will encom pass a significant gap from UAC to UAS(approximately 165,000 km2),accounting for 30%UAC at that time.The study also reveals the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of the gap.The gap initially increases before reaching a inflection point in 2090,and it disparates greatly from−100%to 240%at city level.While cities in the Northwestern U.S.maintain UAC that exceeds UAS from 2020 to 2100,cities in other regions shift from UAC that exceeds UAS to UAC that falls short of UAS.Filling the gap without additional urban growth planning could lead to a reduction of crop production ranging from 0.3%to 3%and a 0.68%loss of biomass.Hence,dynamic and forward-looking urban planning is essential for addressing the challenges of sustainable development posed by urbanization,both within the U.S.and globally.展开更多
Modern cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)has been established for more than 60 years;however,its success rate remains low.Currently,the global incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest(OHCA)is rising,ranging from 52...Modern cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)has been established for more than 60 years;however,its success rate remains low.Currently,the global incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest(OHCA)is rising,ranging from 52.5 to 97.1 per 100,000 population.[1,2]Survival-to-discharge rates for OHCA and in-hospital cardiac arrest(IHCA)are not satisfactory,with ranges of 1.2%-9.9%and 9.1%-19.1%,respectively.展开更多
[目的]明确36%烯肟·氟环唑SC对玉米小斑病的防治效果。[方法]以17%唑醚·氟环唑SC和30%肟菌·戊唑醇SC为对照药剂,在山东省潍坊市寒亭区高里街道河南村玉米田进行田间小区试验。[结果]36%烯肟·氟环唑SC81、108 g a.i....[目的]明确36%烯肟·氟环唑SC对玉米小斑病的防治效果。[方法]以17%唑醚·氟环唑SC和30%肟菌·戊唑醇SC为对照药剂,在山东省潍坊市寒亭区高里街道河南村玉米田进行田间小区试验。[结果]36%烯肟·氟环唑SC81、108 g a.i./hm^(2)处理对玉米小斑病效果优于对照药剂17%唑醚·氟环唑SC和30%肟菌·戊唑醇SC,54 g a.i./hm^(2)的36%烯肟·氟环唑SC处理对玉米小斑病效果与对照药剂无显著性差异。[结论]使用36%烯肟·氟环唑SC54~108 g a.i./hm^(2)在玉米小斑病发病前或发病初期茎叶均匀喷雾,间隔7~10 d再施用1次,可有效防治玉米小斑病。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42250101)the Macao Foundation. The computation made use of the high-performance computing resources at the center of the MSS data processing and analysis。
文摘Accurate modeling of Earth's ionospheric F-region currents is essential for refining geomagnetic field models and understanding magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling.In this study,we develop averaged models to characterize F-region currents using magnetic data from the MSS-1(Macao Science Satellite-1) and Swarm satellite missions.Our approach employs a toroidal field representation,utilizing spherical harmonics to capture spatial variations and Fourier series to represent temporal dynamics.Two models,Model-A and Model-B,derived from distinct datasets,are constructed to represent current patterns at altitudes of 450 km and 512 km,respectively.Our models successfully capture the primary spatial structures and seasonal variations of polar field-aligned currents.Additionally,they accurately reproduce the localized inter-hemispheric field-aligned currents observed in mid and low latitudes during solstices,particularly between 14:00 and 16:00 magnetic local times.These findings enhance our understanding of ionospheric F-region currents and contribute to more precise geomagnetic field modeling.
文摘Purpose–This study summarizes the overall situation of the resources of the national science and technology innovation platform in the railway industry,including the distribution of platform types,supporting institutions,construction sites,professional fields,etc.,to provide a reference for the further improvement and optimization of the national science and technology innovation platform system in the railway industry.Design/methodology/approach–Through literature review,field investigation,expert consultation and other methods,this paper systematically investigates and analyzes the development status of the national science and technology innovation platform in the railway industry.Findings–Taking the national science and technology innovation platform of the railway industry as the research object,this paper investigates and analyzes the construction,development and distribution of the national science and technology innovation platform of railway industry over the years.And the National Engineering Research Center of High-speed Railway and Urban Rail Transit System Technology was taken as an example to introduce its operation effect.Originality/value–China Railway has made great development achievements,with the construction and development of national science and technology innovation platform in the railway industry.In recent years,a large number of national science and technology innovation platforms have been built in the railway industry,which play an important role in railway technological innovation,standard setting and commodification,and Railway Sciences provide strong support for railway technology development.
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China (No.2022YFE03040002)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan (No.2022NSFSC1814)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.12305246,12175053 and 12261131622)the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (No.CN23GR02)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiessupported by US Department of Energy (No.DE-AC0209CH11466)。
文摘This study investigates the influence of runaway current in runaway plasmas on the dynamics of sawtooth oscillations and resultant loss of runaway electrons(RE)using the 3D magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)code M3D-C^(1)(Jardin et al 2012 J.Comput.Sci.Discovery 6014002).Using an HL-2A-like equilibrium,we confirm that in the linear phase,the impact of REs on resistive internal kink instabilities is consistent with previous research.In the nonlinear phase,as the runaway current fully replaces the plasmas current,we observe a significant suppression of sawtooth oscillations,with the first sawtooth cycle occurring earlier compared to the case without runaway current.Following the first sawtooth collapse,plasma current density,runaway current density,and safety factor(q)flatten within the q=1 surface,albeit displaying fine structures.Subsequently,the growing high torodial(n)and poloidal(m)mode number modes disrupt the magnetic surfaces,leading to the loss of REs outside the q=1 surface,while minimally affecting the majority of REs well-confined within it.Thus,in the current model,the physical processes associated with the presence of sawtooth oscillations do not effectively dissipate runaway current,as REs are assumed to be collisionless.In addition,the final profile of runaway current density exhibits increased steepening near the q=1 surface in contrast to the initial profile,displaying a distinctive corrugated inhomogeneity influenced by the growing fluctuation of the n=0 component.Finally,detailed convergence tests are conducted to validate the numerical simulations.
文摘BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric condition with complex symptomatology,including debilitating auditory hallucinations.Transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)has been explored as an adjunctive treatment to alleviate such symptoms.AIM To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of tDCS in schizophrenia.METHODS Adhering to PRISMA guidelines,we systematically searched PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,and the Cochrane Library on September 19,2023,for randomized controlled trials examining the efficacy of tDCS in schizophrenia,with no language or time restrictions.We included studies that compared tDCS with a control condition and reported clinically relevant outcomes.Data extraction and quality assessments were performed by independent evaluators using the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool.Statistical heterogeneity was evaluated,and a random-effects model was applied due to moderate heterogeneity(I2=41.3%).RESULTS Nine studies comprising 425 participants(tDCS group:219,control group:206)were included.The meta-analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in auditory hallucination scores following tDCS treatment(weighted mean difference:-2.18,95%confidence interval:-4.0 to-0.29,P<0.01).Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the results,with no significant influence from individual studies.Additionally,publication bias was not detected,supporting the reliability and generalizability of the findings.These results underscore the efficacy of tDCS as a therapeutic intervention for auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia.CONCLUSION tDCS significantly reduces auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia,suggesting its potential as an effective adjunctive treatment for managing this disabling symptom.The findings highlight the practical significance of tDCS in clinical settings,particularly for patients with treatment-resistant auditory hallucinations.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(82471564)YT is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32322035,32171078).
文摘Background Pain sensitivity is critical for preventing non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)behaviours;however,individuals engaging in such behaviours often exhibit decreased pain sensitivity,which may undermine this natural safeguard.The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC)is a key region involved in pain regulation,and recent approaches using transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)to target the DLPFC have shown potential for modulating pain processing and restoring normal pain perception for individuals engaging in NSSI behaviours.Aims This study aimed to explore the immediate and short-term effects of a single session of tDCS on pain sensitivity in individuals with NSSI,as well as its secondary effects on mood and NSSI-related factors.Methods In this randomised,double-blind,parallel,sham-controlled clinical trial,participants with a history of NSSI were randomly assigned to receive either active or sham tDCS.The intervention consisted of a single 20 min tDCS session targeting the left DLPFC.The primary outcome was pain sensitivity,measured by the pressure pain threshold(PPT)and heat pain score(HPS).Secondary and additional outcomes included NSSI urges,NSSI resistance,self-efficacy in resisting NSSI,mood-related variables and exploratory cognitive-affective processes such as rumination,self-criticism and self-perceived pain sensitivity,assessed at baseline,immediately post-intervention,and at 24 hours,1 week and 2 weeks follow-ups.Results For the primary outcomes,no significant differences between groups were observed for pain sensitivity(PPT,padj=0.812;HPS,padj=0.608).However,an exploratory sensitivity analysis treating each trial as an individual observation revealed a significant effect on HPS(padj=0.036).For the secondary and additional outcomes,although there were initial improvements in joyful feelings and reductions in negative affect at 2 weeks post-intervention,these effects did not remain significant after multiple comparison corrections.Notably,reductions in rumination were statistically significant at both 1-week and 2-week follow-ups(1 week,p_(adj)=0.040;2 weeks,p_(adj)=0.042).There were no significant effects on NSSI urges,NSSI resistance,self-efficacy in resisting NSSI or self-criticism.Conclusions A single session of tDCS over the left DLPFC did not produce significant changes in pain sensitivity in individuals with NSSI.A sensitivity analysis indicated an effect on heat pain sensitivity,possibly reflecting changes in brain activity,warranting confirmation through neuroimaging.These findings suggest that tDCS warrants further investigation for its potential to influence pain-related cognitive-affective processes in individuals with NSSI.
基金partly supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52302464 and 52177128)supported by the Key Scientific Research Project for Institutions of Higher Education of Henan Province(No.22B140002).
文摘Recently,it has been observed that during the operation of an inductively coupled plasma(ICP),a luminescent target(BAM,BaMgAl10O17:Eu)can interact with the plasma beam and emit blue light.After excluding the influence of ultraviolet(UV)and electromagnetic wave radiation,the results indicate that the BAM target may undergo luminescent excitation due to collisions with electrons and ions.This led us to investigate the physical mechanism behind this plasma luminescence excitation phenomenon.A spectrometer was used to record the luminescent spectroscopy and peak light intensity.Under excitation by argon plasma,the BAM material emits a continuum spectrum from 400 nm to 550 nm,with the peak light intensity located at 462.58 nm,which is the same as the spectrum excited by UV torchlight.To identify the relationship between the plasma parameters and the luminescent intensity,Langmuir and Faraday probes were employed to determine the local plasma parameters such as electron density,electron temperature,and current density.After normalizing the peak light intensity to the plasma parameters,the most interesting point is that the current density is linearly correlated with the luminescent light intensity.To verify the repeatability and lifetime of the plasma-luminescence interaction,a 600 s lifetime test was conducted in a 200 W ICP discharge environment.The maximum difference for the peak light strength of the luminescent spectrum is 6.5%.From a voltage bias experiment and a theoretical derivation,we initially identified that bombardment by ions plays the dominant role in the luminescence excitation process,which also explains the mechanism by which the current density is proportional to the luminescence intensity.This new finding leads us to reconsider the possibility of applying this plasma luminescence phenomenon to optical plasma diagnostics.The BAM light intensity can potentially be used to predict the current density of a plasma beam for large-area two-dimensional(2D)measurements and can capture high spatial resolution in a single test.We believe that this method may lead to high-efficiency,spatially resolved plasma current density measurement.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2024ZD0608100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62332017,U22A2022)
文摘In high-risk industrial environments like nuclear power plants,precise defect identification and localization are essential for maintaining production stability and safety.However,the complexity of such a harsh environment leads to significant variations in the shape and size of the defects.To address this challenge,we propose the multivariate time series segmentation network(MSSN),which adopts a multiscale convolutional network with multi-stage and depth-separable convolutions for efficient feature extraction through variable-length templates.To tackle the classification difficulty caused by structural signal variance,MSSN employs logarithmic normalization to adjust instance distributions.Furthermore,it integrates classification with smoothing loss functions to accurately identify defect segments amid similar structural and defect signal subsequences.Our algorithm evaluated on both the Mackey-Glass dataset and industrial dataset achieves over 95%localization and demonstrates the capture capability on the synthetic dataset.In a nuclear plant's heat transfer tube dataset,it captures 90%of defect instances with75%middle localization F1 score.
文摘BACKGROUND Postoperative delirium(POD),an acute neuropsychiatric complication in elderly surgical patients,manifests as attention and cognitive disturbances that may last 24-72 hours after surgery,potentially progressing to dementia.Transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS),a non-invasive neuromodulation technique,enhances cortical excitability and cognitive function by modulating brain networks and synaptic plasticity.Elderly patients undergoing major laparoscopic surgery face elevated POD risks due to prolonged anesthesia and pneumoperitoneum-induced cerebral hypoperfusion.This study investigates whether pre-anesthesia tDCS can reduce POD incidence in this population.AIM To investigate the effect of preoperative tDCS on reducing the incidence of POD in elderly patients undergoing major laparoscopic surgery.METHODS In this study,we enrolled 220 elderly patients who underwent major laparoscopic surgery between April 2024 and December 2024.Patients were randomly assigned to the active-tDCS(group A)and sham-tDCS(group S)groups.A single session of tDCS or sham stimulation was administered 30 minutes before anesthesia induction.The primary outcome was the incidence of POD during within 3 days postoperatively.RESULTS A total of 201 patients were included in the final analysis,with 100 patients in group A and 101 in group S.The incidence of POD within 3 days postoperatively was 7.0%in group A,which was significantly lower than 22.8%in group S.On postoperative day 1,the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Self-Rating Depression Scale scores significantly differed between the two groups,but the pain scores showed no significant difference.CONCLUSION A single session of preoperative tDCS can reduce the incidence of POD in elderly patients undergoing major laparoscopic surgery and can also reduce postoperative anxiety and depression in these patients.
基金Supported by Shanghai Municipal Health Commission’s Special Clinical Research Project for the Hygiene Industry,No.20244Y0041Youth Initiation Fund of Naval Medical University,No.2023QN028 and No.2023QN030。
文摘BACKGROUND Working memory serves as a fundamental cognitive function that substantially impacts performance in various cognitive tasks.Extensive neurophysiological research has established that theta oscillations(4-8 Hz)play an essential role in supporting working memory operations.Theta-band transcranial alternating current stimulation(tACS)offers a potential mechanism for working memory enhancement through direct modulation of these fundamental neural oscillations.Nevertheless,current empirical evidence shows substantial variability in the observed effects of theta-tACS across studies.AIM To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the effects of thetatACS on working memory performance in healthy adults.METHODS A systematic literature search was performed on PubMed,EMBASE,and Web of Science up to March 10,2025.Effect sizes were computed using Hedges’g with 95%confidence intervals(CIs),with separate meta-analyses for all included studies and for distinct working memory paradigms[n-back and delayed matchto-sample(DMTS)tasks]to examine potential task-specific effects.Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were performed to evaluate the influence of key moderating variables.RESULTS The systematic review included 21 studies(67 effect sizes).Initial meta-analysis showed theta-tACS moderately improved working memory(Hedges’g=0.405,95%CI:0.212-0.598).However,this effect became nonsignificant after correcting for publication bias(trim-and-fill adjusted Hedges’g=0.082,95%CI:-0.052 to 0.217).Task-specific analyses revealed significant benefits in n-back tasks(Hedges’g=0.463,95%CI:0.193-0.733)but not in DMTS tasks(Hedges’g=0.257,95%CI:-0.186 to 0.553).Moderator analyses showed that performance in n-back tasks was influenced by stimulation frequency(P=0.001),concurrent status(P=0.014),task modality(P=0.005),and duration(P=0.013),whereas only the region of targeted stimulation(P=0.012)moderated DMTS tasks.CONCLUSION Theta-tACS enhances working memory in healthy adults,with effects modulated by the task type and protocol parameters,offering dual implications for cognitive enhancement and clinical interventions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12304062)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12074107)+1 种基金the Program of Outstanding Young and Middle-aged Scientific and Technological Innovation Teams of Colleges and Universities in Hubei Province(Grant No.T2020001)the Innovation Group Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China(Grant No.2022CFA012)。
文摘A finite equilibrium current density arises in the anomalous Hall effect(AHE)as a result of time-reversal symmetry breaking,affecting both the differential current density and total current.In this paper,we illustrate the equilibrium current density in a ribbon-shaped system within the AHE regime,consisting of two sets of counterpropagating channels arranged in a zebra stripes pattern.While the middle channels are susceptible to scattering,the edge channels remain relatively robust.Despite this difference,all channels exhibit the same differential current density when subjected to a differential voltage across the two ends of the ribbon.When a differential voltage is applied to both sides of the ribbon,it results in a snaking pattern of differential current density forming across it.Furthermore,in a four-terminal device comprising the ribbon and two normal leads,it is found that Hall conductance is independent of ribbon width within certain scattering strengths due to the differences in robustness between middle and edge channels.These findings disclose the details of the AHE transport in a finite-sized system under weak scattering.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(Grants No.42330103,42271469)the Ningbo Science and Technology Bureau(Grant No.2022Z081).
文摘The gap between the projected urban areas in the current trend(UAC)and those in the sustainable scenario(UAS)is a critical factor in understanding whether cities can fulfill the requirements of sustainable development.However,there is a paucity of knowledge on this cutting-edge topic.Given the extensive and rapid urbanization in the United States(U.S.)over the past two centuries,accurately measuring this gap between UAS and UAC is of critical importance for advancing future sustainable urban development,as well as having significant global implications.This study finds that although the 740 U.S.cities have a large UAC in 2100,these cities will encom pass a significant gap from UAC to UAS(approximately 165,000 km2),accounting for 30%UAC at that time.The study also reveals the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of the gap.The gap initially increases before reaching a inflection point in 2090,and it disparates greatly from−100%to 240%at city level.While cities in the Northwestern U.S.maintain UAC that exceeds UAS from 2020 to 2100,cities in other regions shift from UAC that exceeds UAS to UAC that falls short of UAS.Filling the gap without additional urban growth planning could lead to a reduction of crop production ranging from 0.3%to 3%and a 0.68%loss of biomass.Hence,dynamic and forward-looking urban planning is essential for addressing the challenges of sustainable development posed by urbanization,both within the U.S.and globally.
文摘Modern cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)has been established for more than 60 years;however,its success rate remains low.Currently,the global incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest(OHCA)is rising,ranging from 52.5 to 97.1 per 100,000 population.[1,2]Survival-to-discharge rates for OHCA and in-hospital cardiac arrest(IHCA)are not satisfactory,with ranges of 1.2%-9.9%and 9.1%-19.1%,respectively.
文摘[目的]明确36%烯肟·氟环唑SC对玉米小斑病的防治效果。[方法]以17%唑醚·氟环唑SC和30%肟菌·戊唑醇SC为对照药剂,在山东省潍坊市寒亭区高里街道河南村玉米田进行田间小区试验。[结果]36%烯肟·氟环唑SC81、108 g a.i./hm^(2)处理对玉米小斑病效果优于对照药剂17%唑醚·氟环唑SC和30%肟菌·戊唑醇SC,54 g a.i./hm^(2)的36%烯肟·氟环唑SC处理对玉米小斑病效果与对照药剂无显著性差异。[结论]使用36%烯肟·氟环唑SC54~108 g a.i./hm^(2)在玉米小斑病发病前或发病初期茎叶均匀喷雾,间隔7~10 d再施用1次,可有效防治玉米小斑病。
