及时而稳定气象资料支撑是气象预报与科研任务的基础[1],省级气象部门需要通过地面线路从国家气象信息中心以ftp(File Transfer Protocol)协议下载数值预报模式等资料[2],由于ftp协议工作交互模式下,在实际应用中,在Linux系统中基于ftp...及时而稳定气象资料支撑是气象预报与科研任务的基础[1],省级气象部门需要通过地面线路从国家气象信息中心以ftp(File Transfer Protocol)协议下载数值预报模式等资料[2],由于ftp协议工作交互模式下,在实际应用中,在Linux系统中基于ftp交互模式很难做到自动、稳定、高速下载气象资料的功能[3]。针对这个问题,该研究对curl的功能进行了详细的研究,基于curl实现对ftp协议的重要功能实现直接调用,研发了通用气象资料的传输平台,平台解决了ftp交互模式下载资料的问题,实现了通过发挥ftp协议的功能同时,又克服了需要交互执行的不足,对气象资料的稳定传输与支撑工作做出了重要贡献。展开更多
Brassica napus(oilseed rape)is sensitive to boron(B)deficiency and exhibits young leaf curling in response to low-B stress at the seedling stage,which leads to reduced photosynthesis and plant growth.So far,no gene ha...Brassica napus(oilseed rape)is sensitive to boron(B)deficiency and exhibits young leaf curling in response to low-B stress at the seedling stage,which leads to reduced photosynthesis and plant growth.So far,no gene has been identified to be involved in B deficiency induced leaf curling.Our previous results showed the transcription factor BnaA1.WRKY53 might be involved in B-deficiency tolerance.However,altered BnaA1.WRKY53 expression does not influence B concentration in shoot,root and leaf cell walls,which suggests Bna A1.WRKY53 might be involved in other biological processes.Indeed,phenotypic and anatomical analyses revealed that BnaA1.WRKY53 negatively regulated the leaf curling induced by leaf epinasty by suppressing the overexpansion of palisade cells under B deficiency.Further transcriptome enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between wild-type and BnaA1.WRKY53overexpression line showed auxin response pathway was enriched.In addition,Arabidopsis DR5::GFP auxin reporter line showed B deficiency caused predominant auxin signal accumulation in the adaxial side and concomitant adaxial cell expansion,which indicated that B deficiency may induce leaf curling by altering auxin distribution.Phytohormone quantification and gene expression analysis demonstrated that BnaA1.WRKY53 prevent auxin overaccumulation in leaves by suppressing auxin biosynthetic genes under B deficiency.Furthermore,exogenous 1-naphthlcetic acid(NAA)treatment experiments revealed that high auxin could induce leaf curling and BnaA1.WRKY53 expression.Overall,these findings demonstrate that auxin and the transcription factor BnaA1.WRKY53 synergistically regulate leaf curling to maintain an optimal leaf area under B deficiency,and provide novel insights into the resistance mechanisms against B-deficiency-induced leaf curling in oilseed rape.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to detect and analyze tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus(ToLCNDV).[Methods]Through PCR detection,sequence analysis,and pathogenicity verification,tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus(ToL...[Objectives]This study was conducted to detect and analyze tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus(ToLCNDV).[Methods]Through PCR detection,sequence analysis,and pathogenicity verification,tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus(ToLCNDV)was identified in zucchini exhibiting systemic disease symptoms during a 2024 outbreak in Qingzhou City,Shandong Province,and was designated as ToLCNDV-SD.[Results]Specific primer amplification showed that all eight diseased samples produced bands of 504 bp(DNA-A)and 892 bp(DNA-B).Sequencing analysis revealed that ToLCNDV-SD DNA-A shared 96.10%homology with an Indonesian melon isolate(LC421834.1),while DNA-B showed 88.31%homology with a Malaysian bitter gourd isolate(MW248678.1).Phylogenetic analysis indicated its closest relationship with Southeast Asian cucurbit-infecting isolates.Friction transmission tests confirmed that the virus could spread mechanically,inducing typical symptoms 14 d after inoculation with positive PCR detection.[Conclusions]This study provides important insights for understanding the epidemic mechanisms and control strategies of ToLCNDV in China.展开更多
The pathogen, symptoms and occurrence regularity of peach shrinkage leaf curl were expounded, and the control measures for peach leaf curl were put forward by combining with the practical production, with the aim to p...The pathogen, symptoms and occurrence regularity of peach shrinkage leaf curl were expounded, and the control measures for peach leaf curl were put forward by combining with the practical production, with the aim to provide important references for the control and prevention of peach leaf curl.展开更多
Analysis of climatological observation temperature data reveals that during the southwesterly monsoon, there exists a low tempera- ture zone east of Vietnam. It cools down from June to August and warms up in September...Analysis of climatological observation temperature data reveals that during the southwesterly monsoon, there exists a low tempera- ture zone east of Vietnam. It cools down from June to August and warms up in September. Meanwhile, during this period, the cold water mass spreads eastward to the deep basin. Numerical experiments validate the results of data analysis and further verify that there are two basic factors that induce the Vietnam cold water. The major one is the strong local positive wind stress curl, which leads to the divergence of sea surface water and the upward supplement of lower layer water in the deep basin. Another minor one is the alongshore component of southwesterly monsoon, which drives the offshore Ekman transport and coastal upwelling in the shallow region along the Vietnam coast. In addition, the negative wind stress curl in the southern South China Sea inputs negative vorticity to the ocean and drives a strong anticyclonic gyre, which affects the spatial distribution of the cold water evidently.展开更多
Papaya leaf curl China virus (PaLCuCNV) was previously reported as a distinct begomovirus infecting papaya in southern China. Based on molecular diagnostic survey, 13 PaLCuCNV isolates were obtained from tomato plants...Papaya leaf curl China virus (PaLCuCNV) was previously reported as a distinct begomovirus infecting papaya in southern China. Based on molecular diagnostic survey, 13 PaLCuCNV isolates were obtained from tomato plants showing leaf curl symptoms in Henan and Guangxi Provinces of China. Complete nucleotide sequences of 5 representative isolates (AJ558116, AJ558117, AJ704604, FN256260, and FN297834) were determined to be 2738–2751 nucleotides, which share 91.7%–97.9% sequence identities with PaLCuCNV isolate G2 (AJ558123). DNA-β was not found to be associated with PaLCuCNV isolates. To investigate the infectivity of PaLCuCNV, an in-fectious clone of PaLCuCNV-[CN:HeNZM1] was constructed and agro-inoculated into Nicotiana benthamiana, N. tabacum Samsun, N. glutinosa, Solanum lycopersicum and Petunia hybrida plants, which induced severe leaf curling and crinkling symptoms in these plants. Southern blot analysis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) indicated a systemic infection of test plants by the agro-infectious clone.展开更多
It has been reported that squash leaf curl China virus(SLCCNV)infects some Cucurbitaceae crops except for melon(Cucumis melo L.).A new disease of melon exhibiting severe leaf curl and dwarfing was observed in Hainan P...It has been reported that squash leaf curl China virus(SLCCNV)infects some Cucurbitaceae crops except for melon(Cucumis melo L.).A new disease of melon exhibiting severe leaf curl and dwarfing was observed in Hainan Province of China.In this study,the pathogen was identified as SLCCNV through biological and molecular characterization.The isolate(SLCCNV-HN)possess a bipartite genome,DNA-A(HM566112.1)with the highest nucleotide identity(99%)to SLCCNV-Hn(MF062251.1)pumpkin and SLCCNV-Hn61(AM260205.1)squash isolates from China,whereas DNA-B(HM566113.1)with the highest nucleotide identity(99%)to SLCCNV-Hn(MF062252.1).Phylogenetic analyses based on the full-length SLCCNV-HN DNA-A and-B sequences indicated that SLCCNV-HN melon isolate is clustered with SLCCNV-Hn pumpkin,SLCCNV-Hn61 and SLCCNV-SY squash isolates from southern China,forming an independent cluster.Infectious clone of SLCCNV-HN was constructed and the melon plants were inoculated and the infection rate is 100%,the systemic symptoms in melon showed identical to those of melon plants infected in fields.Additionally,melon plants transmission of this virus by Bemisia tabaci with a transmission rate of 95%(19/20)showed leaf curl and dwarf symptoms 15 days post transmission,thereby fulfilling Koch’s postulates.Analysis of genomic organization and phylogenetic trees indicated that SLCCNV-HN melon isolate belongs to the Begomovirus genus.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first characterization of meloninfecting SLCCNV through its genome,infectious clone and transmission.展开更多
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus（TYLCV）is a species of the family Geminiviridae,causing serious yield losses in tomato production.The coat protein（CP）gene of TYLCV isolate SH2 was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21（...Tomato yellow leaf curl virus（TYLCV）is a species of the family Geminiviridae,causing serious yield losses in tomato production.The coat protein（CP）gene of TYLCV isolate SH2 was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21（DE3）using pET-32a as the expression vector.The recombinant protein was purified through Ni＋-NTA affinity column and used to immunize BALB/c mice.Three hybridoma cell lines（2B2,2E3 and 3E10）secreting monoclonal antibodies（MAbs）against TYLCV CP were obtained by fusing mouse myeloma cells（Sp 2/0）with spleen cells from the immunized BALB/c mouse.The titers of ascitic fluids of three MAbs ranged from 10-6 to 10-7 in indirect-ELISA.Isotypes and subclasses of all the MAbs belonged to IgG1,κ light chain.Triple antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（TAS-ELISA）showed that the MAb 3E10 could react with five begomoviruses infecting tomato,while the other two（2B2 and 2E3）mainly reacted with TYLCV.TAS-ELISA was set up using the MAb 3E10,and the established method could successfully detect virus in plant sap at 1：2 560（w/v,g mL-1）.Detection of field samples showed that begomoviruses were common in tomato crops in Zhejiang Province,China.展开更多
Using hydrographic data sampled during four successive late summer-early autumn cruises in 2004-2007, vertical stratification along transects in the lee of Taiwan Island was analyzed to investigate upper ocean respons...Using hydrographic data sampled during four successive late summer-early autumn cruises in 2004-2007, vertical stratification along transects in the lee of Taiwan Island was analyzed to investigate upper ocean responses to orographically induced dipole wind stress curl (WSC). Results indicate that mixed-layer depth (MLD) and its relationship with thermocline depth varied under different local wind forcings. Average MLD along the transects from the 2004 to 2007 cruises were 18.5,30.7,39.2 and 24.5m, respectively. The MLD along the transects deepened remarkably and resulted in thermocline ventilation in 2005 and 2006, whereas ventilation did not occur in 2004 and 2007. Estimates indicate that frictional wind speed was the major factor in MLD variations. To a large degree, the combined effects of frictional wind speed and Ekman pumping are responsible for the spatial pattern of MLD during the cruises.展开更多
As a powerful tool to diagnose vertical motion, frontogenesis, and secondary circulation, the Q vector and its divergence are widely used. However, little attention has been given to the curl of Q vector. In this pape...As a powerful tool to diagnose vertical motion, frontogenesis, and secondary circulation, the Q vector and its divergence are widely used. However, little attention has been given to the curl of Q vector. In this paper, a new set of analyses combining the divergence of the Q vector （DQ） with the vertical component of the curl of the Q vector （VQ） is applied to a Northeastern cold vortex rainfall case. From the derivation, it was found that the expressions of the Q vectors and their divergences in saturated moist flow （DQm） differ from those of dry and unsaturated moist atmosphere （DQ）, while the VQs of various background flows are exactly the same, which largely simplified the analyses. This case study showed that, compared with the DQ, not only can the DQm diagnose precipitation more effectively, but the VQ may also be indicative of precipitation （especially for heavy rainfall and strong convection） because of its direct, close relationship with ageostrophic motion. Thus, the VQ may be computed and analyzed with ease, and may serve as a useful tool for analyses of precipitation and strong convective svstems.展开更多
文摘及时而稳定气象资料支撑是气象预报与科研任务的基础[1],省级气象部门需要通过地面线路从国家气象信息中心以ftp(File Transfer Protocol)协议下载数值预报模式等资料[2],由于ftp协议工作交互模式下,在实际应用中,在Linux系统中基于ftp交互模式很难做到自动、稳定、高速下载气象资料的功能[3]。针对这个问题,该研究对curl的功能进行了详细的研究,基于curl实现对ftp协议的重要功能实现直接调用,研发了通用气象资料的传输平台,平台解决了ftp交互模式下载资料的问题,实现了通过发挥ftp协议的功能同时,又克服了需要交互执行的不足,对气象资料的稳定传输与支撑工作做出了重要贡献。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32002122,32372805)。
文摘Brassica napus(oilseed rape)is sensitive to boron(B)deficiency and exhibits young leaf curling in response to low-B stress at the seedling stage,which leads to reduced photosynthesis and plant growth.So far,no gene has been identified to be involved in B deficiency induced leaf curling.Our previous results showed the transcription factor BnaA1.WRKY53 might be involved in B-deficiency tolerance.However,altered BnaA1.WRKY53 expression does not influence B concentration in shoot,root and leaf cell walls,which suggests Bna A1.WRKY53 might be involved in other biological processes.Indeed,phenotypic and anatomical analyses revealed that BnaA1.WRKY53 negatively regulated the leaf curling induced by leaf epinasty by suppressing the overexpansion of palisade cells under B deficiency.Further transcriptome enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between wild-type and BnaA1.WRKY53overexpression line showed auxin response pathway was enriched.In addition,Arabidopsis DR5::GFP auxin reporter line showed B deficiency caused predominant auxin signal accumulation in the adaxial side and concomitant adaxial cell expansion,which indicated that B deficiency may induce leaf curling by altering auxin distribution.Phytohormone quantification and gene expression analysis demonstrated that BnaA1.WRKY53 prevent auxin overaccumulation in leaves by suppressing auxin biosynthetic genes under B deficiency.Furthermore,exogenous 1-naphthlcetic acid(NAA)treatment experiments revealed that high auxin could induce leaf curling and BnaA1.WRKY53 expression.Overall,these findings demonstrate that auxin and the transcription factor BnaA1.WRKY53 synergistically regulate leaf curling to maintain an optimal leaf area under B deficiency,and provide novel insights into the resistance mechanisms against B-deficiency-induced leaf curling in oilseed rape.
基金Supported by Taishan Industry Leading Talent Program in Shandong Province(tscx202306156)Weifang Science and Technology Development Program(2024GX073).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to detect and analyze tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus(ToLCNDV).[Methods]Through PCR detection,sequence analysis,and pathogenicity verification,tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus(ToLCNDV)was identified in zucchini exhibiting systemic disease symptoms during a 2024 outbreak in Qingzhou City,Shandong Province,and was designated as ToLCNDV-SD.[Results]Specific primer amplification showed that all eight diseased samples produced bands of 504 bp(DNA-A)and 892 bp(DNA-B).Sequencing analysis revealed that ToLCNDV-SD DNA-A shared 96.10%homology with an Indonesian melon isolate(LC421834.1),while DNA-B showed 88.31%homology with a Malaysian bitter gourd isolate(MW248678.1).Phylogenetic analysis indicated its closest relationship with Southeast Asian cucurbit-infecting isolates.Friction transmission tests confirmed that the virus could spread mechanically,inducing typical symptoms 14 d after inoculation with positive PCR detection.[Conclusions]This study provides important insights for understanding the epidemic mechanisms and control strategies of ToLCNDV in China.
文摘The pathogen, symptoms and occurrence regularity of peach shrinkage leaf curl were expounded, and the control measures for peach leaf curl were put forward by combining with the practical production, with the aim to provide important references for the control and prevention of peach leaf curl.
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences under contract No.kzcx3-sw-227the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.40406006.
文摘Analysis of climatological observation temperature data reveals that during the southwesterly monsoon, there exists a low tempera- ture zone east of Vietnam. It cools down from June to August and warms up in September. Meanwhile, during this period, the cold water mass spreads eastward to the deep basin. Numerical experiments validate the results of data analysis and further verify that there are two basic factors that induce the Vietnam cold water. The major one is the strong local positive wind stress curl, which leads to the divergence of sea surface water and the upward supplement of lower layer water in the deep basin. Another minor one is the alongshore component of southwesterly monsoon, which drives the offshore Ekman transport and coastal upwelling in the shallow region along the Vietnam coast. In addition, the negative wind stress curl in the southern South China Sea inputs negative vorticity to the ocean and drives a strong anticyclonic gyre, which affects the spatial distribution of the cold water evidently.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30530520)the Zhejiang Agricultural Science and Tech-nology Key Research Projects (No. 2007C12054)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China (No. Y307397)
文摘Papaya leaf curl China virus (PaLCuCNV) was previously reported as a distinct begomovirus infecting papaya in southern China. Based on molecular diagnostic survey, 13 PaLCuCNV isolates were obtained from tomato plants showing leaf curl symptoms in Henan and Guangxi Provinces of China. Complete nucleotide sequences of 5 representative isolates (AJ558116, AJ558117, AJ704604, FN256260, and FN297834) were determined to be 2738–2751 nucleotides, which share 91.7%–97.9% sequence identities with PaLCuCNV isolate G2 (AJ558123). DNA-β was not found to be associated with PaLCuCNV isolates. To investigate the infectivity of PaLCuCNV, an in-fectious clone of PaLCuCNV-[CN:HeNZM1] was constructed and agro-inoculated into Nicotiana benthamiana, N. tabacum Samsun, N. glutinosa, Solanum lycopersicum and Petunia hybrida plants, which induced severe leaf curling and crinkling symptoms in these plants. Southern blot analysis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) indicated a systemic infection of test plants by the agro-infectious clone.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31701941 and 31401810)the grants from the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-26-13)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ASTIP) (CAAS-ASTIP-2018-ZFRI-08)
文摘It has been reported that squash leaf curl China virus(SLCCNV)infects some Cucurbitaceae crops except for melon(Cucumis melo L.).A new disease of melon exhibiting severe leaf curl and dwarfing was observed in Hainan Province of China.In this study,the pathogen was identified as SLCCNV through biological and molecular characterization.The isolate(SLCCNV-HN)possess a bipartite genome,DNA-A(HM566112.1)with the highest nucleotide identity(99%)to SLCCNV-Hn(MF062251.1)pumpkin and SLCCNV-Hn61(AM260205.1)squash isolates from China,whereas DNA-B(HM566113.1)with the highest nucleotide identity(99%)to SLCCNV-Hn(MF062252.1).Phylogenetic analyses based on the full-length SLCCNV-HN DNA-A and-B sequences indicated that SLCCNV-HN melon isolate is clustered with SLCCNV-Hn pumpkin,SLCCNV-Hn61 and SLCCNV-SY squash isolates from southern China,forming an independent cluster.Infectious clone of SLCCNV-HN was constructed and the melon plants were inoculated and the infection rate is 100%,the systemic symptoms in melon showed identical to those of melon plants infected in fields.Additionally,melon plants transmission of this virus by Bemisia tabaci with a transmission rate of 95%(19/20)showed leaf curl and dwarf symptoms 15 days post transmission,thereby fulfilling Koch’s postulates.Analysis of genomic organization and phylogenetic trees indicated that SLCCNV-HN melon isolate belongs to the Begomovirus genus.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first characterization of meloninfecting SLCCNV through its genome,infectious clone and transmission.
基金supported by the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest from the Ministry of Agriculture,China(201003065)
文摘Tomato yellow leaf curl virus（TYLCV）is a species of the family Geminiviridae,causing serious yield losses in tomato production.The coat protein（CP）gene of TYLCV isolate SH2 was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21（DE3）using pET-32a as the expression vector.The recombinant protein was purified through Ni＋-NTA affinity column and used to immunize BALB/c mice.Three hybridoma cell lines（2B2,2E3 and 3E10）secreting monoclonal antibodies（MAbs）against TYLCV CP were obtained by fusing mouse myeloma cells（Sp 2/0）with spleen cells from the immunized BALB/c mouse.The titers of ascitic fluids of three MAbs ranged from 10-6 to 10-7 in indirect-ELISA.Isotypes and subclasses of all the MAbs belonged to IgG1,κ light chain.Triple antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（TAS-ELISA）showed that the MAb 3E10 could react with five begomoviruses infecting tomato,while the other two（2B2 and 2E3）mainly reacted with TYLCV.TAS-ELISA was set up using the MAb 3E10,and the established method could successfully detect virus in plant sap at 1：2 560（w/v,g mL-1）.Detection of field samples showed that begomoviruses were common in tomato crops in Zhejiang Province,China.
基金Supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-YW-Q11-02)the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (No. 2011CB403503)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 40876009,41176028)
文摘Using hydrographic data sampled during four successive late summer-early autumn cruises in 2004-2007, vertical stratification along transects in the lee of Taiwan Island was analyzed to investigate upper ocean responses to orographically induced dipole wind stress curl (WSC). Results indicate that mixed-layer depth (MLD) and its relationship with thermocline depth varied under different local wind forcings. Average MLD along the transects from the 2004 to 2007 cruises were 18.5,30.7,39.2 and 24.5m, respectively. The MLD along the transects deepened remarkably and resulted in thermocline ventilation in 2005 and 2006, whereas ventilation did not occur in 2004 and 2007. Estimates indicate that frictional wind speed was the major factor in MLD variations. To a large degree, the combined effects of frictional wind speed and Ekman pumping are responsible for the spatial pattern of MLD during the cruises.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under the Grants Nos. 40633016 and 40433007
文摘As a powerful tool to diagnose vertical motion, frontogenesis, and secondary circulation, the Q vector and its divergence are widely used. However, little attention has been given to the curl of Q vector. In this paper, a new set of analyses combining the divergence of the Q vector （DQ） with the vertical component of the curl of the Q vector （VQ） is applied to a Northeastern cold vortex rainfall case. From the derivation, it was found that the expressions of the Q vectors and their divergences in saturated moist flow （DQm） differ from those of dry and unsaturated moist atmosphere （DQ）, while the VQs of various background flows are exactly the same, which largely simplified the analyses. This case study showed that, compared with the DQ, not only can the DQm diagnose precipitation more effectively, but the VQ may also be indicative of precipitation （especially for heavy rainfall and strong convection） because of its direct, close relationship with ageostrophic motion. Thus, the VQ may be computed and analyzed with ease, and may serve as a useful tool for analyses of precipitation and strong convective svstems.
