The author centers on writing seen both as a human ability and a transcription of oral language,and yet she very heavily refuses there to be any continuity from oral to written language,though once or twice what she s...The author centers on writing seen both as a human ability and a transcription of oral language,and yet she very heavily refuses there to be any continuity from oral to written language,though once or twice what she says,like in her fifth step about“assigning sounds to signs”,is exactly the reverse of what Homo Sapiens did when he developed writing:he assigned signs to sounds.No matter what way it works for a decipherer,and for Homo Sapiens when he developed some writing system for his/her/their language,and his/her/their language alone in 6-8,000 BCE,the connection between an oral language and its written version is connected,but flexible so that it can be easily replaced by another written code for the very same oral utterances,like the Phoenicians developing the first real consonantal alphabet to replace,for Semitic languages,the Cuneiform writing of the Sumerians(Indo-Iranian)and Akkadians(Semitic),and later on the Greeks adding the vowels of Indo-European languages to the Phoenician alphabet that only had“alep”and only when it was the initial sound or letter of a word.She alludes to signs in painted caves,hence going back to 45,000 BCE,and all over the world,but she does not exploit it.She acknowledges there were six cradles in the world and does not give them in chronological order,hence does not link them to the general evolution of the concerned human groups,and she neglects the fact that Egyptian writing and Sumerian writing developed at the same time or so but with a strong link between them:the Akkadians were the scribes of the Sumerians and they were Semitic like the Egyptians,whereas the Sumerians were Indo-Iranian coming down from the Iranian Plateau and settling in Mesopotamia before moving on.She mistakenly declares them Turkic,or speaking Turkish,an agglutinative language.Mutations selected naturally transformed the foot,the larynx,the respiratory system,the articulatory system,the subglottal zone,and its innervation of the pre-Sapiens Hominins concerned to enable Homo Sapiens to become what they are,long-distance bipedal fast runners.The development of oral language is a collateral consequence of these mutations.As soon as Homo Sapiens started using durable medium for their representational and entoptic geometric or other diacritic elements we have to follow Genevieve von Petzinger and state that these are signs and they have a function,counting for the repetitive elements,and all of these rockface paintings were there to illustrate the story the painters or other special individuals(probably sha-women and a few shamans)who could speak to the spirits behind the rockface were telling the fascinated audience.The lack of phylogeny blocks the real vision necessary to understand these facts and the fact that the reference to“bureaucracy”in big cities was the cause of this development,according to Silvia Ferrara.The people who specialized in remembering data,could we call them a bureaucracy in 2023,with the highly pejorative paradigmatic meaning the term conveys?Of course not.Where did the people who developed some writing system come from?What language or languages did they speak?Writing was not a discovery because it was not found on a tree or in a cave.Human writing was not an invention because there is no break from pure oral language to written language via representational drawings,and iconic first,totally abstract then signs used to transcribe the oral language into a durable(the media)and sustainable(to be learned by anyone and taught to anyone)script.We have to take the high road leading to discovering the phylogeny of language starting in 475,000 BCE and still developing.展开更多
The precise movement speed regulation is a key factor to improve the control effect and efficiency of the cyborg rats.However,the current stimulation techniques cannot realize the graded control of the speed.In this s...The precise movement speed regulation is a key factor to improve the control effect and efficiency of the cyborg rats.However,the current stimulation techniques cannot realize the graded control of the speed.In this study,we achieved the multi-level speed regulation of cyborg rats in the large open field and treadmill by specifically targeting the Cuneiform Nucleus(CnF)of the Mesencephalic Locomotor Region(MLR).Detailed,we measured the influence of each stimulation parameter on the speed control process which included the real-time speed,accelerated speed,response time,and acceleration period.We concluded that the pulse period and the pulse width were the main determinants influencing the accelerated speed of cyborg rats.Whereas the amplitude of stimulation was found to affect the response time exhibited by the cyborg rats.Our study provides valuable insights into the regulation of rat locomotion speed and highlights the potential for utilizing this approach in various experimental settings.展开更多
BACKGROUND Individuals’interest in sports activities has been increasing,contributing to more stress fracture occurrences in uncommon locations on the skeleton.In this study,several cases of stress fractures in atypi...BACKGROUND Individuals’interest in sports activities has been increasing,contributing to more stress fracture occurrences in uncommon locations on the skeleton.In this study,several cases of stress fractures in atypical locations are presented,and the possibility of combining diagnostic methods to make accurate and quick diagnoses is explored.Additionally,different causes of stress fractures,as well as various modalities of treatment,are highlighted.Other potential factors of stress fractures were identified by a literature review.CASE SUMMARY Six cases of stress fractures in the calcaneus,intermediate cuneiform bone,sacrum,tibia(bilateral),navicular bone and femoral neck are presented,with different types of diagnostic imaging and treatments.All of the cases were associated with an aspect of mobility because all of the patients were physically active in various sport disciplines.CONCLUSION The type of therapeutic procedure selected should depend on the specific clinical case,i.e.,the patient’s condition and level of physical activity.展开更多
Purpose: To evaluate 2 surgical prosedures in treatment of congenital clubfeet in children younger than 24 months. Materials and methods: Data were analyzed on 319 patients (448 feet) from July 1990 to December 2005. ...Purpose: To evaluate 2 surgical prosedures in treatment of congenital clubfeet in children younger than 24 months. Materials and methods: Data were analyzed on 319 patients (448 feet) from July 1990 to December 2005. Clinical and classification for all patients according to Diméglio. Operated patients were devided into two group: Group1, selective soft tissue release;and Group 2, selective soft tissue release combined with cuboid decancelation. Surgical result were classified according to McKay’s system. Results: There were 103 females (32.3%) and 216 males (67.7%) in this study. There were 192 patients (268 feet) in group 1, 127 patients (180 feet) in group 2. Bilateral involvement was found in 129 patients (40.4%), only the left foot affected in 65 patients (20.4%), and only the right in 125 patients (39.2%). According to the classification of Diméglio Grade II was seen in 32.4%, Grade III in 53,1%, and Grade IV in 14.5%. Postoperatively, in group 1, we got excellent result in 29.1%, good result in 49.2%, fair result in 18.3%, and poor result in 3.4%. In group 2, we attained excellent result in 50.6%, good result in 42.2%, fair result in 6.1% and poor result in 1.1%. The good to excellent result in group 2 was significantly higher in group 1 with p = 0.000042. There was no failure in both groups. Residual adduction of forefoot in frontal plane was seen in 78.0% of group 1, and 10.6% of group 2, which was also statistically significant with p ~ 0. Conclusion: Generally speaking, the procedure of selective soft tissue releases combined with cuboid decancelation showed an outstanding result with good to excellent result of 92.8%. Surgical procedure is simple, safe, and applicable for all patients with clubfeet’s deformyties.展开更多
Madelung deformity is rare, accounting for 1.7% of congenital anomalies. The treatment is essentially surgical and several techniques have been described. We report the result of a case treated in an adult patient by ...Madelung deformity is rare, accounting for 1.7% of congenital anomalies. The treatment is essentially surgical and several techniques have been described. We report the result of a case treated in an adult patient by a double osteotomy of the radius and ulna. The patient is satisfied.展开更多
In early 2009, I had the chance to visit six Japanese university libraries or museums, which house 15 cuneiform tablets, seven royal inscriptions and one cylinder seal. Most of them seem to have been acquired from some
Cuneiform texts presented in this article are part of the Av collection of cuneiform tablets belonging to a private collector in Jerusalem. I was introduced to this collection almost a couple of years ago by a chance ...Cuneiform texts presented in this article are part of the Av collection of cuneiform tablets belonging to a private collector in Jerusalem. I was introduced to this collection almost a couple of years ago by a chance through a mutual friend. The collection展开更多
The thirteen cuneiform texts presented in this study are currently housed in the collection of National Museums Scotland.This article provides an edition of thirteen Neo-Sumerian administrative tablets from Puzriš-Dag...The thirteen cuneiform texts presented in this study are currently housed in the collection of National Museums Scotland.This article provides an edition of thirteen Neo-Sumerian administrative tablets from Puzriš-Dagān(modern Drehem),which was one of the most important royal tribute centers then and primarily concerned with the administrative and economic affairs of the central authority.展开更多
文摘The author centers on writing seen both as a human ability and a transcription of oral language,and yet she very heavily refuses there to be any continuity from oral to written language,though once or twice what she says,like in her fifth step about“assigning sounds to signs”,is exactly the reverse of what Homo Sapiens did when he developed writing:he assigned signs to sounds.No matter what way it works for a decipherer,and for Homo Sapiens when he developed some writing system for his/her/their language,and his/her/their language alone in 6-8,000 BCE,the connection between an oral language and its written version is connected,but flexible so that it can be easily replaced by another written code for the very same oral utterances,like the Phoenicians developing the first real consonantal alphabet to replace,for Semitic languages,the Cuneiform writing of the Sumerians(Indo-Iranian)and Akkadians(Semitic),and later on the Greeks adding the vowels of Indo-European languages to the Phoenician alphabet that only had“alep”and only when it was the initial sound or letter of a word.She alludes to signs in painted caves,hence going back to 45,000 BCE,and all over the world,but she does not exploit it.She acknowledges there were six cradles in the world and does not give them in chronological order,hence does not link them to the general evolution of the concerned human groups,and she neglects the fact that Egyptian writing and Sumerian writing developed at the same time or so but with a strong link between them:the Akkadians were the scribes of the Sumerians and they were Semitic like the Egyptians,whereas the Sumerians were Indo-Iranian coming down from the Iranian Plateau and settling in Mesopotamia before moving on.She mistakenly declares them Turkic,or speaking Turkish,an agglutinative language.Mutations selected naturally transformed the foot,the larynx,the respiratory system,the articulatory system,the subglottal zone,and its innervation of the pre-Sapiens Hominins concerned to enable Homo Sapiens to become what they are,long-distance bipedal fast runners.The development of oral language is a collateral consequence of these mutations.As soon as Homo Sapiens started using durable medium for their representational and entoptic geometric or other diacritic elements we have to follow Genevieve von Petzinger and state that these are signs and they have a function,counting for the repetitive elements,and all of these rockface paintings were there to illustrate the story the painters or other special individuals(probably sha-women and a few shamans)who could speak to the spirits behind the rockface were telling the fascinated audience.The lack of phylogeny blocks the real vision necessary to understand these facts and the fact that the reference to“bureaucracy”in big cities was the cause of this development,according to Silvia Ferrara.The people who specialized in remembering data,could we call them a bureaucracy in 2023,with the highly pejorative paradigmatic meaning the term conveys?Of course not.Where did the people who developed some writing system come from?What language or languages did they speak?Writing was not a discovery because it was not found on a tree or in a cave.Human writing was not an invention because there is no break from pure oral language to written language via representational drawings,and iconic first,totally abstract then signs used to transcribe the oral language into a durable(the media)and sustainable(to be learned by anyone and taught to anyone)script.We have to take the high road leading to discovering the phylogeny of language starting in 475,000 BCE and still developing.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFB1313501)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(LZ24F020003)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2293723)the Key R&D program of Zhejiang Province(2021C03003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.226-2022-00051).
文摘The precise movement speed regulation is a key factor to improve the control effect and efficiency of the cyborg rats.However,the current stimulation techniques cannot realize the graded control of the speed.In this study,we achieved the multi-level speed regulation of cyborg rats in the large open field and treadmill by specifically targeting the Cuneiform Nucleus(CnF)of the Mesencephalic Locomotor Region(MLR).Detailed,we measured the influence of each stimulation parameter on the speed control process which included the real-time speed,accelerated speed,response time,and acceleration period.We concluded that the pulse period and the pulse width were the main determinants influencing the accelerated speed of cyborg rats.Whereas the amplitude of stimulation was found to affect the response time exhibited by the cyborg rats.Our study provides valuable insights into the regulation of rat locomotion speed and highlights the potential for utilizing this approach in various experimental settings.
文摘BACKGROUND Individuals’interest in sports activities has been increasing,contributing to more stress fracture occurrences in uncommon locations on the skeleton.In this study,several cases of stress fractures in atypical locations are presented,and the possibility of combining diagnostic methods to make accurate and quick diagnoses is explored.Additionally,different causes of stress fractures,as well as various modalities of treatment,are highlighted.Other potential factors of stress fractures were identified by a literature review.CASE SUMMARY Six cases of stress fractures in the calcaneus,intermediate cuneiform bone,sacrum,tibia(bilateral),navicular bone and femoral neck are presented,with different types of diagnostic imaging and treatments.All of the cases were associated with an aspect of mobility because all of the patients were physically active in various sport disciplines.CONCLUSION The type of therapeutic procedure selected should depend on the specific clinical case,i.e.,the patient’s condition and level of physical activity.
文摘Purpose: To evaluate 2 surgical prosedures in treatment of congenital clubfeet in children younger than 24 months. Materials and methods: Data were analyzed on 319 patients (448 feet) from July 1990 to December 2005. Clinical and classification for all patients according to Diméglio. Operated patients were devided into two group: Group1, selective soft tissue release;and Group 2, selective soft tissue release combined with cuboid decancelation. Surgical result were classified according to McKay’s system. Results: There were 103 females (32.3%) and 216 males (67.7%) in this study. There were 192 patients (268 feet) in group 1, 127 patients (180 feet) in group 2. Bilateral involvement was found in 129 patients (40.4%), only the left foot affected in 65 patients (20.4%), and only the right in 125 patients (39.2%). According to the classification of Diméglio Grade II was seen in 32.4%, Grade III in 53,1%, and Grade IV in 14.5%. Postoperatively, in group 1, we got excellent result in 29.1%, good result in 49.2%, fair result in 18.3%, and poor result in 3.4%. In group 2, we attained excellent result in 50.6%, good result in 42.2%, fair result in 6.1% and poor result in 1.1%. The good to excellent result in group 2 was significantly higher in group 1 with p = 0.000042. There was no failure in both groups. Residual adduction of forefoot in frontal plane was seen in 78.0% of group 1, and 10.6% of group 2, which was also statistically significant with p ~ 0. Conclusion: Generally speaking, the procedure of selective soft tissue releases combined with cuboid decancelation showed an outstanding result with good to excellent result of 92.8%. Surgical procedure is simple, safe, and applicable for all patients with clubfeet’s deformyties.
文摘Madelung deformity is rare, accounting for 1.7% of congenital anomalies. The treatment is essentially surgical and several techniques have been described. We report the result of a case treated in an adult patient by a double osteotomy of the radius and ulna. The patient is satisfied.
文摘In early 2009, I had the chance to visit six Japanese university libraries or museums, which house 15 cuneiform tablets, seven royal inscriptions and one cylinder seal. Most of them seem to have been acquired from some
文摘Cuneiform texts presented in this article are part of the Av collection of cuneiform tablets belonging to a private collector in Jerusalem. I was introduced to this collection almost a couple of years ago by a chance through a mutual friend. The collection
文摘The thirteen cuneiform texts presented in this study are currently housed in the collection of National Museums Scotland.This article provides an edition of thirteen Neo-Sumerian administrative tablets from Puzriš-Dagān(modern Drehem),which was one of the most important royal tribute centers then and primarily concerned with the administrative and economic affairs of the central authority.
