Background The mulch-free subsurface drip irrigation system demonstrated water-saving potential as an alternative to traditional mulch-based drip irrigation while also eliminating residual film pollution at source.How...Background The mulch-free subsurface drip irrigation system demonstrated water-saving potential as an alternative to traditional mulch-based drip irrigation while also eliminating residual film pollution at source.However,delayed sowing is unavoidable in mulch-free cultivation in ecological regions with a short frost-free period.Intercropping with cumin,which has a shorter growth period,served as an effective strategy to improve land use efficiency during the early growth stages of cotton.Therefore,a two-year field experiment was conducted to study the effects of intercropping cumin at the seeding rate of 2.5(ID1),3.85(ID2),and 5.2(ID3)kg・hm−2 on cotton growth,interspecies competition,fiber quality,and water use efficiency(WUE),as well as system economic benefits under subsurface drip irrigation.Monocropping cotton was used as the control(CK)treatment.Results At the initial flowering(IF)stage(the end of the co-growth period of cotton and cumin),cotton plant height in ID2 and ID3 treatments decreased by 5.93%–16.53%and 10.87%–31.11%,respectively,cotton stem diameter by 11.41%–14.25%and 3.37%–26.49%,respectively,and vegetative biomass by 14.46%–30.65%and 22.59%–49.91%,respectively,compared with CK treatment.With the increase in cumin density,the crop growth rate(CGR)and compensation effect in cotton tended to significantly decrease at the IF stage regardless of organs considered.For the non-co-growth period(after harvesting cumin),cotton reproductive organ biomass in ID2 and ID3 treatments increased by 4.09%‒14.61%at the boll opening stage,crop growth rate in reproductive organs by 20.74%and 74.26%from peak boll to boll opening stages compared with CK treatment,due to an enhancement of 19.09%and 49.30%in the compensation effect.Compared with ID1,the aggressivity treated by ID2 and ID3 decreased by 12.82%–46.34%and 17.95%–31.71%,respectively.However,owing to a greater number of green bolls in the upper canopy at the harvest stages in the ID3 treatment,the system production value(closely related to yield)treated by ID2 was 11.69%–16.89%,6.56%–20.02%,and 16.48%–59.83%greater than that of the ID1,ID3,and CK treatments,respectively.This also led to the highest WUE and net profit under the ID2 treatment.Conclusion Intercropping cumin with medium density improved the cotton biomass accumulation characteristics and increased resources such as land and water utilization efficiency and economic benefits through a stronger compensation effect after harvesting cumin under subsurface drip irrigation without mulch.This study not only provides alternatives to residual film pollution in arid cotton fields but also establishes a sustainable agro-ecological-economic planting paradigm by reducing plastic use and enhancing water and fertilizer use efficiency,holding significant implications for advancing resource-efficient agricultural systems.展开更多
Integrating sprinkler with deficit irrigation system is a new approach to improve crop water productivity and ensure water and food security in arid areas of India.This study undertook a field experiment of sprinkler-...Integrating sprinkler with deficit irrigation system is a new approach to improve crop water productivity and ensure water and food security in arid areas of India.This study undertook a field experiment of sprinkler-irrigated cumin(variety GC-4)with a mini-lysimeter setup at an experimental research farm in Jodhpur,India during 2019-2022.Four irrigation treatments T_(1),T_(2),T_(3),and T4 were designed at irrigation water/cumulative pan evaporation(IW/CPE)of 1.0,0.8,0.6,and 0.4,respectively,with three replications.Daily actual crop evapotranspiration(ETc)was recorded and weekly soil moisture was monitored over the crop growth period.Quantities of applied water and drainage from mini-lysimeters were also measured at every irrigation event.Yield of cumin was recorded at crop maturity.Furthermore,change in farmer's net income from 1-hm2 land was computed based on the cost of applying irrigation water and considering yield variations among the treatments.Results indicated the highest mean seasonal actual ETc(371.7 mm)and cumin yield(952.47 kg/hm2)under T_(1)(with full irrigation).Under T_(2),T_(3),and T4,the seasonal actual ETc decreased by 10.4%,27.6%,and 41.3%,respectively,while yield declined by 5.0%,28.4%,and 50.8%,respectively,as compared to the values under T_(1).Furthermore,crop water productivity of 0.272(±0.068)kg/m3 under T_(2)was found relatively higher in comparison to other irrigation treatments,indicating that T_(2)can achieve improved water productivity of cumin in arid areas at an optimum level of deficit irrigation.The results of cost-economics indicated that positive change in farmer's net income from 1-hm2 land was 108.82 USD under T_(2),while T_(3)and T4 showed net losses of 5.33 and 209.67 USD,respectively.Moreover,value of yield response factor and ratio of relative yield reductions to relative ETc deficits were found to be less than 1.00 under T_(2)(0.48),and more than 1.00 under T_(3)(1.07)and T4(1.23).This finding further supports that T_(2)shows the optimized level of deficit irrigation that saves 20.0%of water with sacrificing 5.0%yield in the arid areas of India.Findings of this study provide useful strategies to save irrigation water,bring additional area under irrigation,and improve crop water productivity in India and other similar arid areas in the world.展开更多
Objective: To explore the hypoglycaemic and hypocholesterolemic potential of conventional and supercritical extracts of black cumin.Methods: Purposely, rat modelling was carried out for 2 months by designing three stu...Objective: To explore the hypoglycaemic and hypocholesterolemic potential of conventional and supercritical extracts of black cumin.Methods: Purposely, rat modelling was carried out for 2 months by designing three studies i.e. study Ⅰ(normal rats), study Ⅱ(hyperglycaemic rats) and study Ⅲ(hypercholesterolemic rats). Each study was further divided into three groups based on diet i.e.control, functional diet(contained extract of black cumin prepared by using conventional solvent) and nutraceutical diet(contained extract of black cumin prepared by supercritical fluid extraction system).Results: During whole trial, an abating trend was observed in the level of serum cholesterol with maximum reduction(12.8%) in nutraceutical group of study Ⅲ. Low density lipoprotein and triglyceride level was also lowered maximum in study Ⅲ as17.1% and 11.6%, respectively. Whereas, highest decline in glucose level was in nutraceutical group of study Ⅱ as 11.2%.Conclusions: Inclusion of black cumin extracts in diet significantly lowers the occurrence of hyperglycaemia and hypercholesterolaemia. Furthermore, hypoglycaemic and hypocholesterolemic potential of nutraceutical diet is more prominent as compared to functional diet.展开更多
Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.;Family-Ranunculaceae) is an important spice crop. Mature seeds are consumed for edible and medical purposes and also used as a food additive and flavour. Seed of black cumin has great po...Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.;Family-Ranunculaceae) is an important spice crop. Mature seeds are consumed for edible and medical purposes and also used as a food additive and flavour. Seed of black cumin has great potentiality as spice crop due to nutritive and medicinal values. The experiments were carried out at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur during 2011 to 2012 to determine optimum planting time for seed production of black cumin. The experiment was two factorials. Factor A: 4 genotypes were V1: Exotic, Iran;V2: BARI kalozira-1;V3: Local, Faridpur and V4: Local, Natore. Factor B: sowing date: D1: 16 October;D2: 1 November;D3: 16 November and D4: 1 December. Therefore, treatment combinations were 16 in total. So, in 3 replications total plot was 48. Result revealed that significantly the highest 2.37 t/ha in V1, followed by V2 (1.96 t/ha). V2 and V3 (1.97 t/ha) were statistically similar and maximum yield was obtained from D2 (2.65 t/ha). In combined effect, maximum yield 3.00 t/ha was obtained in V1D2.. Investigation on time of sowing revealed that performance of black cumin was better in earlier sowings (16 October, 1 November) than later ones. The highest yield (4g plant-1;2.65 tha-1) was obtained when the crop was sown on 1 November. Among the genotypes, the exotic one with sowing in 1 November gave the highest seed yield (4.54 g·plant-1;3.00 t·ha-1).展开更多
Essential oils from newly produced (2017) and previous season crop (2016) of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) seeds collected from local farmers in Dongla area, north Sudan were extracted and analyzed to determine the effec...Essential oils from newly produced (2017) and previous season crop (2016) of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) seeds collected from local farmers in Dongla area, north Sudan were extracted and analyzed to determine the effect of storage period on volatile oil yield and quality. The essential oil was extracted using hydro distillation method. Identification of the volatile compounds was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Results revealed that oil obtained from cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) was pale yellow. With respect to oil characteristics, the specific gravity, refractive index, acid value, ester value and other quality characters were not significantly different between the stored and newly harvested seeds. Thirty-eight compounds were separated and identified in cumin seeds essential oil in both seasons with some minor differences in some components between 2016 and 2017 samples. Major effective components of cumin seeds volatile oil were cumin alcohol (4-isopropylbenzyl alcohol), cumin aldehydes as 4-Isopropylbenzaldehyd and 7,7-dimethylbicyclo (4.1.0) hept-3-ene-4-carbaldehyde known as carenal, terpinenes as γ-terpinene and α-terpinene (1,4-Cyclohexadiene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl) and 1,3-cyclohexadine-1-methanol, 4(1-methethyle)-), β-pinene, o-cymene and p-menthadienol in both stored and newly harvested samples. Differences between the samples season wise were very minor with respect to type of volatile components but percentage oil yield was largely decreased by storage period.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of black cumin seed oil(BCSO)and its nanoemulsion on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced liver injury in mice.Methods:LPS-induced acute liver injury mouse model was used ...Objective:To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of black cumin seed oil(BCSO)and its nanoemulsion on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced liver injury in mice.Methods:LPS-induced acute liver injury mouse model was used to evaluate the effects of BCSO and its nanoemulsion formulation on liver function.Hepatic inflammatory markers including Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4),interleukin(IL)-1β,heme-oxygenase 1,BAX,and BCL-2 were assessed using real-time PCR.Additionally,protein levels of reduced glutathione,tumor necrosis factor-α,and IL-6 were measured using ELISA,and histological analysis was performed.Indomethacin was used as a standard positive control for comparison.Results:BCSO reduced LPS-induced liver injury and exhibited strong anti-inflammatory effects by downregulating the expression of TLR4,IL-1β,IL-6,tumor necrosis factor-α,and heme-oxygenase 1.Additionally,BCSO demonstrated antioxidant properties by increasing reduced glutathione protein levels and decreasing key apoptotic markers BAX and BCL-2 in hepatocytes.The nanoemulsion formulation further enhanced these anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and anti-apoptotic effects,and histological examination confirmed this effect.Combining BCSO with indomethacin at a lower dose improved efficacy,thereby reducing its potential side effects.Conclusions:The investigation reveals the anti-inflammatory impact of BCSO and its nanoemulsion formulation on LPS-induced liver oxidative stress,inflammation,and apoptosis.展开更多
Black cumin (<em>Nigella sativa</em> L.) the highly aggregate valuable medicinal plant was field cultivated for two subsequent seasons (2018, 2019) designed as factorial split plot based on randomized comp...Black cumin (<em>Nigella sativa</em> L.) the highly aggregate valuable medicinal plant was field cultivated for two subsequent seasons (2018, 2019) designed as factorial split plot based on randomized complete block with 3 replications. The main factors 4 elicitors: salicylic acid, (SA) Nano-selenium (NPs), yeast (YS) chitosan (CH) and (E0), control. Whereas, the sub-main plot 4 biofertilizers, dray Moringa leaves extract, (MLE), neem dray leaves extract (NME), humic acid (HA) and traditional (NPK) chemical fertilizer as control. Allied statistical analysis of variance revealed that biotic and abiotic elicitors coincide biofertilizer and NPK chemical fertilizer actuated significant positive impacts, dray seed, seed fixed oil, seed essential oil yield production. Also, significantly amelioration bioactive major fatty acids content of seed fixed oil (linolenic > carvone) dihydrolenoleic > oleic) as well as major terpens content of seed essential oil (P-cymene > thnymoquione > Penine). Consequently, multi-repeating elicitation cod be considered reliable strategy achieve sustainable development for <em>N-sativa</em> under, biotic elicitor coincide biofertilizers that excel abiotic elicitors coincide biofertilizer which excel biotic or abiotic elicitors coincide NPK traditional chemical fertilizer.展开更多
This study was aimed to determine the effects of dried black cumin and tamarind supplementation on egg performance and lipids concentration in egg yolk of layer hens. Sixty laying hens at the age of 18-34 weeks were d...This study was aimed to determine the effects of dried black cumin and tamarind supplementation on egg performance and lipids concentration in egg yolk of layer hens. Sixty laying hens at the age of 18-34 weeks were divided into 4 treatments （control, 1% black cumin, 4% tamarind and 1% black cumin ＋ 4% tamarin in diets） with 4 replications each （15 birds/replication）. The experimental treatments were subjected to completely randomized design. Feed and drinking water were provided ad-libitum. 16 h per day for lighting program during experimental period. The results found that feed efficiency ratio, egg production and egg weight were no significant between treatments. However, average daily feed intake was highest in 4% tamarind and 1% black cumin ＋ 4% tamarin in diets. Egg yolk color score, yolk index, white index and shell tickness were no significantly different, However, haugh unit was lowest in control group. Egg yolk lipids concentration was founded that black cumin and tamarind in diet were reduced cholesterol and triacyl-glycerol concentration with statistical significance （P 〈 0.05）. So that dried black cumin and tamarind supplementation in diets were no any effect on egg production and egg weight. Furthermore, egg yolk cholesterol and triacyl-glycerol concentration were decreased. Hence, supplementation of dried black cumin and tamarind in diets could benefit to consumer health.展开更多
This study was carried out under Cumra-Konya conditions, in 2007, for the determination of consumption of the plant nutrients from soil by black cumin plants. The soil samples were taken before sowing and after harves...This study was carried out under Cumra-Konya conditions, in 2007, for the determination of consumption of the plant nutrients from soil by black cumin plants. The soil samples were taken before sowing and after harvest from the field that was sown black cumin and determined the rate of major and minor plant nutrients. For this reason, soil samples were taken from the depth of 30 cm as 2-3 kg and analyzed. The harvested black cumin yielded approximately 1,350 kg/ha seed. The analyses made in soil samples were pH, salinity, organic matter and lime, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn. According to the results, the parcel soil has not salt problem, and is little alkaline, more limy and little humic, good for phosphorus and very rich with respect potassium before sowing. At the same time, the parcel soil samples after harvest were little saline, little alkaline, more limy, poor humic, good for phosphorus and very rich with respect potassium.展开更多
Different concentrations of cumin essential oil(CEO)and zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnO NPs)were incorporated in polycaprolactone-gelatin(PCL/Gel)to fabricate five nanofiber mats for anti-Staphylococcus aureus activity p...Different concentrations of cumin essential oil(CEO)and zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnO NPs)were incorporated in polycaprolactone-gelatin(PCL/Gel)to fabricate five nanofiber mats for anti-Staphylococcus aureus activity purposes in cheese.GC-MS analysis of the CEO revealed nineteen constituents.The cuminaldehyde was the most abundant(35.21%)component.FESEM analyses showed the fiber diameters in a range between 179±88 and 277±165 nm.The band intensities of ATR-FTIR spectra confirmed the proper incorporation and encapsulation of ZnO NPs and/or CEO in the PCL/Gel blend.EDS analyses indicated the characteristic peaks of the nanoparticles,and elemental mapping proved the proper distribution of ZnO NPs in nanofibers.Based on TGA and DTG results,increasing ZnO NPs and/or CEO to 3%improved the thermal stability of mats.Water contact angles(WCAs)of the mats increased by adding ZnO NPs and/or CEO concentrations after 0,1,3,and 5 s.Incorporating CEO/ZnO NPs,particularly at the concentration of 3%,led to significant improvement of tensile strength,elongation at break,and Young’s modulus of the mat.According to the MTT cell viability assay,the mats had no detrimental influence on Human Dermal Fibroblasts.The CEO/ZnO NPs-loaded mats could markedly decrease or slow the bacterial growth during 12 days of cold storage of cheese samples.The sensory attributes of cheese samples treated with the CEO/ZnO NPs-loaded mat were improved during the storage period.This investigation suggested that the PCL/Gel/CEO/ZnO electrospun fibrous mats were efficient in gaining anti-staphylococcal properties and were promising for food packaging.展开更多
This case report study investigated the botanical,physicochemical,and phenolic compositions,as well as the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of varying amounts of black cumin honey(Nigella sativa)from Burdur re...This case report study investigated the botanical,physicochemical,and phenolic compositions,as well as the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of varying amounts of black cumin honey(Nigella sativa)from Burdur region of Türkiye.The samples had an average moisture value of 17.23%and a Nigella sativa pollen ratio ranging from 19%to 51%.Electrical conductivity(EC)values ranged from 0.36 to 0.54 mS/cm.The average color values of Hunter(L,a,b)were 43.55(L^(*)),32.77(a^(*)),and 64.52(b^(*)),respectively.The proline contents were ranged from 875 to 1624 mg/kg.The average F/G ratio and F+G value were 1.43±0.11 and 68.75±4.75,respectively.The average of total phenolic(TP)and total flavonoid(TF)contents were 36.87±7.00 mg GAE/100 g and 5.63±1.45 mg QUE/100 g,respectively.The antioxidant capacities of the samples were tested using the ferric reducing/antioxidant power(FRAP)and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)assays,with mean values of 179.40±25.35μmol FeSO_(4).7H_(2)O/100 g and 46.07±12.87 mg/mL,respectively.The phenolic composition of the samples were tested using the HPLC-PDA method with 25 phenolic standards.Gallic acid,p-OH benzoic acid,t-cinnamic acid,p-coumaric acid,chrysin,and pinocembrin were determined as common components.The sam-ples exhibited high antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli,Chromobacterium vio-laceum,Bacillus cereus,Klebsiella pneumoniae,and Acinetobacter haemolyticus,but did not affect Candida albicans,Candida parapilopsis,or Mycobacterium smegmatis.展开更多
This study investigated the effect of adding germinated black cumin seed extract(GBSE)in the amounts of 0,50,75,and 100 mg/100 ml milk,which are mentioned in abbreviate as C,GBSE50,GBSE75,and GBSE100,respectively,on t...This study investigated the effect of adding germinated black cumin seed extract(GBSE)in the amounts of 0,50,75,and 100 mg/100 ml milk,which are mentioned in abbreviate as C,GBSE50,GBSE75,and GBSE100,respectively,on the physicochemical,antioxidant,antidiabetic and sensory properties of yogurt.In the present research,pH,titratable acidity(TA),syneresis,water-holding capacity(WHC),viscosity,total phenolic content(TPC),antioxidant activity(DPPH,ABTS radicals scavenging activity and FIC assay),α-amylase andα-glucosidase inhibitory effect and sensory attributes(taste,odor,texture,color,and overall acceptance)of fortified yogurts during 14 days of storage at 4℃ were determined.According to study results,fortification,even in the lowest amount(50 mg/100 ml milk),improved the qualitative and bioactive properties of yogurt significantly(p<0.05).All samples that received acceptable sensory scores were appreciated.However,GBSE50 and 75 showed no significant difference(p>0.05)after 14 days of storage compared to the control.Due to the results of all experiments,fortifying yogurt with the addition of 75 mg of GBSE in 100 ml milk is recommended to improve the qualitative and bioactive properties of the obtained functional yogurt.展开更多
The Chandipura vesiculovirus(CHPV),a single-stranded,negative sense RNA arbovirus with five structural proteins-the G,N,M,P,and L proteins-is the source of Chandipura virus infection.Children between the ages of 9 mon...The Chandipura vesiculovirus(CHPV),a single-stranded,negative sense RNA arbovirus with five structural proteins-the G,N,M,P,and L proteins-is the source of Chandipura virus infection.Children between the ages of 9 months and 14 years old are the most common recipients of CHPV infection,which is primarily spread by sand flies(Sergentomyia,Phlebotomus species).The potential advantages of black seeds(N.sativa)in the treatment of patients with CHPV infection are the main topic of our current review.The majority of patients infected with CHPV experience neurological complications such as encephalitis and other neurological complications.Since there is currently no approved antiviral treatment,supportive care and symptomatic therapy are the primary methods used to manage CHPV-infected patients.Herbal candidates possessing antioxidant,immunomodulatory,antiviral,and anti-inflammatory qualities may aid in the treatment of CHPV infection.The antiviral,anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and immunomodulatory qualities of black seeds(N.sativa)have been shown in a number of preclinical and clinical investigations;these attributes could be helpful in the treatment of CHPV infection.Black seeds(N.sativa)may help treat CHPV-infected patients in the early stages of their illness when used in conjunction with symptomatic therapy and supportive care.In patients infected with CHPV,additional randomized controlled clinical trials would assess the efficacy and safety of black seeds(N.sativa).展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31250512).
文摘Background The mulch-free subsurface drip irrigation system demonstrated water-saving potential as an alternative to traditional mulch-based drip irrigation while also eliminating residual film pollution at source.However,delayed sowing is unavoidable in mulch-free cultivation in ecological regions with a short frost-free period.Intercropping with cumin,which has a shorter growth period,served as an effective strategy to improve land use efficiency during the early growth stages of cotton.Therefore,a two-year field experiment was conducted to study the effects of intercropping cumin at the seeding rate of 2.5(ID1),3.85(ID2),and 5.2(ID3)kg・hm−2 on cotton growth,interspecies competition,fiber quality,and water use efficiency(WUE),as well as system economic benefits under subsurface drip irrigation.Monocropping cotton was used as the control(CK)treatment.Results At the initial flowering(IF)stage(the end of the co-growth period of cotton and cumin),cotton plant height in ID2 and ID3 treatments decreased by 5.93%–16.53%and 10.87%–31.11%,respectively,cotton stem diameter by 11.41%–14.25%and 3.37%–26.49%,respectively,and vegetative biomass by 14.46%–30.65%and 22.59%–49.91%,respectively,compared with CK treatment.With the increase in cumin density,the crop growth rate(CGR)and compensation effect in cotton tended to significantly decrease at the IF stage regardless of organs considered.For the non-co-growth period(after harvesting cumin),cotton reproductive organ biomass in ID2 and ID3 treatments increased by 4.09%‒14.61%at the boll opening stage,crop growth rate in reproductive organs by 20.74%and 74.26%from peak boll to boll opening stages compared with CK treatment,due to an enhancement of 19.09%and 49.30%in the compensation effect.Compared with ID1,the aggressivity treated by ID2 and ID3 decreased by 12.82%–46.34%and 17.95%–31.71%,respectively.However,owing to a greater number of green bolls in the upper canopy at the harvest stages in the ID3 treatment,the system production value(closely related to yield)treated by ID2 was 11.69%–16.89%,6.56%–20.02%,and 16.48%–59.83%greater than that of the ID1,ID3,and CK treatments,respectively.This also led to the highest WUE and net profit under the ID2 treatment.Conclusion Intercropping cumin with medium density improved the cotton biomass accumulation characteristics and increased resources such as land and water utilization efficiency and economic benefits through a stronger compensation effect after harvesting cumin under subsurface drip irrigation without mulch.This study not only provides alternatives to residual film pollution in arid cotton fields but also establishes a sustainable agro-ecological-economic planting paradigm by reducing plastic use and enhancing water and fertilizer use efficiency,holding significant implications for advancing resource-efficient agricultural systems.
文摘Integrating sprinkler with deficit irrigation system is a new approach to improve crop water productivity and ensure water and food security in arid areas of India.This study undertook a field experiment of sprinkler-irrigated cumin(variety GC-4)with a mini-lysimeter setup at an experimental research farm in Jodhpur,India during 2019-2022.Four irrigation treatments T_(1),T_(2),T_(3),and T4 were designed at irrigation water/cumulative pan evaporation(IW/CPE)of 1.0,0.8,0.6,and 0.4,respectively,with three replications.Daily actual crop evapotranspiration(ETc)was recorded and weekly soil moisture was monitored over the crop growth period.Quantities of applied water and drainage from mini-lysimeters were also measured at every irrigation event.Yield of cumin was recorded at crop maturity.Furthermore,change in farmer's net income from 1-hm2 land was computed based on the cost of applying irrigation water and considering yield variations among the treatments.Results indicated the highest mean seasonal actual ETc(371.7 mm)and cumin yield(952.47 kg/hm2)under T_(1)(with full irrigation).Under T_(2),T_(3),and T4,the seasonal actual ETc decreased by 10.4%,27.6%,and 41.3%,respectively,while yield declined by 5.0%,28.4%,and 50.8%,respectively,as compared to the values under T_(1).Furthermore,crop water productivity of 0.272(±0.068)kg/m3 under T_(2)was found relatively higher in comparison to other irrigation treatments,indicating that T_(2)can achieve improved water productivity of cumin in arid areas at an optimum level of deficit irrigation.The results of cost-economics indicated that positive change in farmer's net income from 1-hm2 land was 108.82 USD under T_(2),while T_(3)and T4 showed net losses of 5.33 and 209.67 USD,respectively.Moreover,value of yield response factor and ratio of relative yield reductions to relative ETc deficits were found to be less than 1.00 under T_(2)(0.48),and more than 1.00 under T_(3)(1.07)and T4(1.23).This finding further supports that T_(2)shows the optimized level of deficit irrigation that saves 20.0%of water with sacrificing 5.0%yield in the arid areas of India.Findings of this study provide useful strategies to save irrigation water,bring additional area under irrigation,and improve crop water productivity in India and other similar arid areas in the world.
基金partially supported by Higher Education Commission,Pakistan under Pak-US Science and Technology Cooperation Program Phase IV(Project Grant No.10/01/10-09/30/12)“Establishment of Functional and Nutraceutical Food Research Section at the National Institute of Food Science and Technology,University of Agriculture,Faisalabad,Pakistan”
文摘Objective: To explore the hypoglycaemic and hypocholesterolemic potential of conventional and supercritical extracts of black cumin.Methods: Purposely, rat modelling was carried out for 2 months by designing three studies i.e. study Ⅰ(normal rats), study Ⅱ(hyperglycaemic rats) and study Ⅲ(hypercholesterolemic rats). Each study was further divided into three groups based on diet i.e.control, functional diet(contained extract of black cumin prepared by using conventional solvent) and nutraceutical diet(contained extract of black cumin prepared by supercritical fluid extraction system).Results: During whole trial, an abating trend was observed in the level of serum cholesterol with maximum reduction(12.8%) in nutraceutical group of study Ⅲ. Low density lipoprotein and triglyceride level was also lowered maximum in study Ⅲ as17.1% and 11.6%, respectively. Whereas, highest decline in glucose level was in nutraceutical group of study Ⅱ as 11.2%.Conclusions: Inclusion of black cumin extracts in diet significantly lowers the occurrence of hyperglycaemia and hypercholesterolaemia. Furthermore, hypoglycaemic and hypocholesterolemic potential of nutraceutical diet is more prominent as compared to functional diet.
文摘Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.;Family-Ranunculaceae) is an important spice crop. Mature seeds are consumed for edible and medical purposes and also used as a food additive and flavour. Seed of black cumin has great potentiality as spice crop due to nutritive and medicinal values. The experiments were carried out at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur during 2011 to 2012 to determine optimum planting time for seed production of black cumin. The experiment was two factorials. Factor A: 4 genotypes were V1: Exotic, Iran;V2: BARI kalozira-1;V3: Local, Faridpur and V4: Local, Natore. Factor B: sowing date: D1: 16 October;D2: 1 November;D3: 16 November and D4: 1 December. Therefore, treatment combinations were 16 in total. So, in 3 replications total plot was 48. Result revealed that significantly the highest 2.37 t/ha in V1, followed by V2 (1.96 t/ha). V2 and V3 (1.97 t/ha) were statistically similar and maximum yield was obtained from D2 (2.65 t/ha). In combined effect, maximum yield 3.00 t/ha was obtained in V1D2.. Investigation on time of sowing revealed that performance of black cumin was better in earlier sowings (16 October, 1 November) than later ones. The highest yield (4g plant-1;2.65 tha-1) was obtained when the crop was sown on 1 November. Among the genotypes, the exotic one with sowing in 1 November gave the highest seed yield (4.54 g·plant-1;3.00 t·ha-1).
文摘Essential oils from newly produced (2017) and previous season crop (2016) of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) seeds collected from local farmers in Dongla area, north Sudan were extracted and analyzed to determine the effect of storage period on volatile oil yield and quality. The essential oil was extracted using hydro distillation method. Identification of the volatile compounds was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Results revealed that oil obtained from cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) was pale yellow. With respect to oil characteristics, the specific gravity, refractive index, acid value, ester value and other quality characters were not significantly different between the stored and newly harvested seeds. Thirty-eight compounds were separated and identified in cumin seeds essential oil in both seasons with some minor differences in some components between 2016 and 2017 samples. Major effective components of cumin seeds volatile oil were cumin alcohol (4-isopropylbenzyl alcohol), cumin aldehydes as 4-Isopropylbenzaldehyd and 7,7-dimethylbicyclo (4.1.0) hept-3-ene-4-carbaldehyde known as carenal, terpinenes as γ-terpinene and α-terpinene (1,4-Cyclohexadiene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl) and 1,3-cyclohexadine-1-methanol, 4(1-methethyle)-), β-pinene, o-cymene and p-menthadienol in both stored and newly harvested samples. Differences between the samples season wise were very minor with respect to type of volatile components but percentage oil yield was largely decreased by storage period.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of black cumin seed oil(BCSO)and its nanoemulsion on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced liver injury in mice.Methods:LPS-induced acute liver injury mouse model was used to evaluate the effects of BCSO and its nanoemulsion formulation on liver function.Hepatic inflammatory markers including Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4),interleukin(IL)-1β,heme-oxygenase 1,BAX,and BCL-2 were assessed using real-time PCR.Additionally,protein levels of reduced glutathione,tumor necrosis factor-α,and IL-6 were measured using ELISA,and histological analysis was performed.Indomethacin was used as a standard positive control for comparison.Results:BCSO reduced LPS-induced liver injury and exhibited strong anti-inflammatory effects by downregulating the expression of TLR4,IL-1β,IL-6,tumor necrosis factor-α,and heme-oxygenase 1.Additionally,BCSO demonstrated antioxidant properties by increasing reduced glutathione protein levels and decreasing key apoptotic markers BAX and BCL-2 in hepatocytes.The nanoemulsion formulation further enhanced these anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and anti-apoptotic effects,and histological examination confirmed this effect.Combining BCSO with indomethacin at a lower dose improved efficacy,thereby reducing its potential side effects.Conclusions:The investigation reveals the anti-inflammatory impact of BCSO and its nanoemulsion formulation on LPS-induced liver oxidative stress,inflammation,and apoptosis.
文摘Black cumin (<em>Nigella sativa</em> L.) the highly aggregate valuable medicinal plant was field cultivated for two subsequent seasons (2018, 2019) designed as factorial split plot based on randomized complete block with 3 replications. The main factors 4 elicitors: salicylic acid, (SA) Nano-selenium (NPs), yeast (YS) chitosan (CH) and (E0), control. Whereas, the sub-main plot 4 biofertilizers, dray Moringa leaves extract, (MLE), neem dray leaves extract (NME), humic acid (HA) and traditional (NPK) chemical fertilizer as control. Allied statistical analysis of variance revealed that biotic and abiotic elicitors coincide biofertilizer and NPK chemical fertilizer actuated significant positive impacts, dray seed, seed fixed oil, seed essential oil yield production. Also, significantly amelioration bioactive major fatty acids content of seed fixed oil (linolenic > carvone) dihydrolenoleic > oleic) as well as major terpens content of seed essential oil (P-cymene > thnymoquione > Penine). Consequently, multi-repeating elicitation cod be considered reliable strategy achieve sustainable development for <em>N-sativa</em> under, biotic elicitor coincide biofertilizers that excel abiotic elicitors coincide biofertilizer which excel biotic or abiotic elicitors coincide NPK traditional chemical fertilizer.
文摘This study was aimed to determine the effects of dried black cumin and tamarind supplementation on egg performance and lipids concentration in egg yolk of layer hens. Sixty laying hens at the age of 18-34 weeks were divided into 4 treatments （control, 1% black cumin, 4% tamarind and 1% black cumin ＋ 4% tamarin in diets） with 4 replications each （15 birds/replication）. The experimental treatments were subjected to completely randomized design. Feed and drinking water were provided ad-libitum. 16 h per day for lighting program during experimental period. The results found that feed efficiency ratio, egg production and egg weight were no significant between treatments. However, average daily feed intake was highest in 4% tamarind and 1% black cumin ＋ 4% tamarin in diets. Egg yolk color score, yolk index, white index and shell tickness were no significantly different, However, haugh unit was lowest in control group. Egg yolk lipids concentration was founded that black cumin and tamarind in diet were reduced cholesterol and triacyl-glycerol concentration with statistical significance （P 〈 0.05）. So that dried black cumin and tamarind supplementation in diets were no any effect on egg production and egg weight. Furthermore, egg yolk cholesterol and triacyl-glycerol concentration were decreased. Hence, supplementation of dried black cumin and tamarind in diets could benefit to consumer health.
文摘This study was carried out under Cumra-Konya conditions, in 2007, for the determination of consumption of the plant nutrients from soil by black cumin plants. The soil samples were taken before sowing and after harvest from the field that was sown black cumin and determined the rate of major and minor plant nutrients. For this reason, soil samples were taken from the depth of 30 cm as 2-3 kg and analyzed. The harvested black cumin yielded approximately 1,350 kg/ha seed. The analyses made in soil samples were pH, salinity, organic matter and lime, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn. According to the results, the parcel soil has not salt problem, and is little alkaline, more limy and little humic, good for phosphorus and very rich with respect potassium before sowing. At the same time, the parcel soil samples after harvest were little saline, little alkaline, more limy, poor humic, good for phosphorus and very rich with respect potassium.
基金MSc thesis(170/1359)approved and supported by Shahrekord University,Iran.
文摘Different concentrations of cumin essential oil(CEO)and zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnO NPs)were incorporated in polycaprolactone-gelatin(PCL/Gel)to fabricate five nanofiber mats for anti-Staphylococcus aureus activity purposes in cheese.GC-MS analysis of the CEO revealed nineteen constituents.The cuminaldehyde was the most abundant(35.21%)component.FESEM analyses showed the fiber diameters in a range between 179±88 and 277±165 nm.The band intensities of ATR-FTIR spectra confirmed the proper incorporation and encapsulation of ZnO NPs and/or CEO in the PCL/Gel blend.EDS analyses indicated the characteristic peaks of the nanoparticles,and elemental mapping proved the proper distribution of ZnO NPs in nanofibers.Based on TGA and DTG results,increasing ZnO NPs and/or CEO to 3%improved the thermal stability of mats.Water contact angles(WCAs)of the mats increased by adding ZnO NPs and/or CEO concentrations after 0,1,3,and 5 s.Incorporating CEO/ZnO NPs,particularly at the concentration of 3%,led to significant improvement of tensile strength,elongation at break,and Young’s modulus of the mat.According to the MTT cell viability assay,the mats had no detrimental influence on Human Dermal Fibroblasts.The CEO/ZnO NPs-loaded mats could markedly decrease or slow the bacterial growth during 12 days of cold storage of cheese samples.The sensory attributes of cheese samples treated with the CEO/ZnO NPs-loaded mat were improved during the storage period.This investigation suggested that the PCL/Gel/CEO/ZnO electrospun fibrous mats were efficient in gaining anti-staphylococcal properties and were promising for food packaging.
文摘This case report study investigated the botanical,physicochemical,and phenolic compositions,as well as the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of varying amounts of black cumin honey(Nigella sativa)from Burdur region of Türkiye.The samples had an average moisture value of 17.23%and a Nigella sativa pollen ratio ranging from 19%to 51%.Electrical conductivity(EC)values ranged from 0.36 to 0.54 mS/cm.The average color values of Hunter(L,a,b)were 43.55(L^(*)),32.77(a^(*)),and 64.52(b^(*)),respectively.The proline contents were ranged from 875 to 1624 mg/kg.The average F/G ratio and F+G value were 1.43±0.11 and 68.75±4.75,respectively.The average of total phenolic(TP)and total flavonoid(TF)contents were 36.87±7.00 mg GAE/100 g and 5.63±1.45 mg QUE/100 g,respectively.The antioxidant capacities of the samples were tested using the ferric reducing/antioxidant power(FRAP)and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)assays,with mean values of 179.40±25.35μmol FeSO_(4).7H_(2)O/100 g and 46.07±12.87 mg/mL,respectively.The phenolic composition of the samples were tested using the HPLC-PDA method with 25 phenolic standards.Gallic acid,p-OH benzoic acid,t-cinnamic acid,p-coumaric acid,chrysin,and pinocembrin were determined as common components.The sam-ples exhibited high antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli,Chromobacterium vio-laceum,Bacillus cereus,Klebsiella pneumoniae,and Acinetobacter haemolyticus,but did not affect Candida albicans,Candida parapilopsis,or Mycobacterium smegmatis.
基金financial support from the University of ZanjanImam Khomeini International University,Iran.
文摘This study investigated the effect of adding germinated black cumin seed extract(GBSE)in the amounts of 0,50,75,and 100 mg/100 ml milk,which are mentioned in abbreviate as C,GBSE50,GBSE75,and GBSE100,respectively,on the physicochemical,antioxidant,antidiabetic and sensory properties of yogurt.In the present research,pH,titratable acidity(TA),syneresis,water-holding capacity(WHC),viscosity,total phenolic content(TPC),antioxidant activity(DPPH,ABTS radicals scavenging activity and FIC assay),α-amylase andα-glucosidase inhibitory effect and sensory attributes(taste,odor,texture,color,and overall acceptance)of fortified yogurts during 14 days of storage at 4℃ were determined.According to study results,fortification,even in the lowest amount(50 mg/100 ml milk),improved the qualitative and bioactive properties of yogurt significantly(p<0.05).All samples that received acceptable sensory scores were appreciated.However,GBSE50 and 75 showed no significant difference(p>0.05)after 14 days of storage compared to the control.Due to the results of all experiments,fortifying yogurt with the addition of 75 mg of GBSE in 100 ml milk is recommended to improve the qualitative and bioactive properties of the obtained functional yogurt.
文摘The Chandipura vesiculovirus(CHPV),a single-stranded,negative sense RNA arbovirus with five structural proteins-the G,N,M,P,and L proteins-is the source of Chandipura virus infection.Children between the ages of 9 months and 14 years old are the most common recipients of CHPV infection,which is primarily spread by sand flies(Sergentomyia,Phlebotomus species).The potential advantages of black seeds(N.sativa)in the treatment of patients with CHPV infection are the main topic of our current review.The majority of patients infected with CHPV experience neurological complications such as encephalitis and other neurological complications.Since there is currently no approved antiviral treatment,supportive care and symptomatic therapy are the primary methods used to manage CHPV-infected patients.Herbal candidates possessing antioxidant,immunomodulatory,antiviral,and anti-inflammatory qualities may aid in the treatment of CHPV infection.The antiviral,anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and immunomodulatory qualities of black seeds(N.sativa)have been shown in a number of preclinical and clinical investigations;these attributes could be helpful in the treatment of CHPV infection.Black seeds(N.sativa)may help treat CHPV-infected patients in the early stages of their illness when used in conjunction with symptomatic therapy and supportive care.In patients infected with CHPV,additional randomized controlled clinical trials would assess the efficacy and safety of black seeds(N.sativa).
